Abstract

Pyometra is one of the most frequent and complex reproductive pathologies in older intact bitches over eight years of age, characterized by the accumulation of purulent material within the uterus. The present study aimed to analyze the influence of predisposing factors, including age, breed, parity, and estrous cycle, on the development of pyometra and evaluate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Seventeen cases were recorded at the Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tiaret, Algeria, from September 2021 to September 2023. Among these cases, 47.05% (n = 8) involved bitches aged from two to four years, representing the most affected age group. German Shepherds accounted for 23.52% (n = 4) of cases, followed by Rottweilers and Pitbulls with 17.64% (n = 3) each. Nulliparous bitches represented 70.59% (n = 12) of the affected dogs, indicating a higher susceptibility compared to multiparous bitches. In 35.29% (n = 6) of cases, pyometra developed approximately eight weeks after the end of the previous estrous cycle. Ultrasonography proved to be a reliable and efficient tool for diagnosing both open- and closed-cervix pyometra in bitches. Ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid were effective medicines in selected cases, while ovariohysterectomy remained the definitive therapeutic approach. Overall, the study demonstrated that young, nulliparous bitches were more susceptible to pyometra, and that both medical and surgical treatments were effective, with no recurrence observed during follow-up.