Abstract

The increasing environmental concerns and depletion of natural resources have catalyzed the exploration of sustainable alternatives in civil engineering practices, particularly pavement construction. This study evaluates the efficacy of using recycled materials—crushed concrete aggregate (CCA), reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), and recycled plastics—as viable substitutes for traditional pavement materials. By examining mechanical properties, environmental impacts, and real-world implementations, the research highlights the potential of these materials to meet or exceed the performance standards of traditional pavements. Mechanical testing shows that recycled materials provide comparable or enhanced performance metrics, while life cycle assessments reveal significant reductions in carbon emissions, resource consumption, and ecological toxicity. Case studies from diverse geographical contexts further validate the practical applicability and effectiveness of recycled materials. The study concludes with recommendations for standardizing material processing, updating policies, and continuing research to address long-term durability and environmental concerns. This paper contributes to the literature on sustainable civil engineering by providing a pathway for the increased adoption of recycled materials in pavement construction, thus aligning with global sustainability objectives.