ENHANCING NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND MICROBIAL FERMENTATION IN RICE STRAW-BASED DIETS USING CASSAVA, COPRA, AND PALM KERNEL MEALS

Noviandi, Cuk Tri and Astuti, Andriyani and Utomo, Ristianto and Agus, Ali (2026) ENHANCING NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND MICROBIAL FERMENTATION IN RICE STRAW-BASED DIETS USING CASSAVA, COPRA, AND PALM KERNEL MEALS. Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. 183 - 188. ISSN 22287701

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Abstract

This study assessed the effects of cassava-urea and protein meal supplementation at different proportions on the in vitro fermentation characteristics and digestibility of rice straw-based diets. Five diets were prepared with 20 rice straw as the base, and cassava-urea to protein meal ratios of 80:0 (T1), 70:10 (T2), 60:20 (T3), 50:30 (T4), and 40:40 (T5). In vitro digestibility and fermentation traits were analyzed using a two-stage method. The results showed that higher levels of protein meal improved crude protein digestibility from 67.5 to 81.1. However, this increases reduced dry matter and organic matter digestibility, dropping from 82.8 to 75.0 and from 83.4 to 74.4, respectively (P < 0.05). The pH remained within the optimal range of 7.29 to 7.41, with no significant change in total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production, which ranged from 40.9 to 44.8 mM. The ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) levels rose significantly from 7.86 to 11.4 mg/100 mL. This led to a decrease in the VFA:NH₃-N ratio, which changed from 5.30 to 4.05 (P < 0.05). This suggests an energy-to-nitrogen imbalance at higher protein meal levels. Microbial protein synthesis improved from 1.17 to 1.35 mg/mL (P < 0.05), likely due to increased nitrogen availability despite the imbalance. Including a moderate amount of protein meals, specifically 60 cassava-urea and 20 protein meal, provided a better balance in digestibility and fermentation efficiency. This highlights the importance of optimizing the energy-to-protein ratio in ruminant feed formulations. © The Author(s) 2026

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	Cassava meal; In vitro digestibility; Microbial protein synthesis; Rice straw; Rumen fermentation
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SF Animal culture
Divisions:	Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research (OJAFR)
Page Range:	183 - 188
Journal or Publication Title:	Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research
Journal Index:	Scopus
Volume:	16
Number:	3
Publisher:	Scienceline Publications, Ltd
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.51227/ojafr.2026.22
ISSN:	22287701
Depositing User:	Dr. Saeid Chekani-Azar
URI:	https://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/1798

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