Characterizations of Virulence, Serogroups, and Phylogenetic Groups of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli in West Java, Indonesia

Widyasari, Difa and Kurnia, Ryan Septa and Nugroho, Christian Marco Hadi and Putra, Muhammad Ade and Setiyaningsih, Surachmi and Indrawati, Agustin (2026) Characterizations of Virulence, Serogroups, and Phylogenetic Groups of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli in West Java, Indonesia. Journal of World's Poultry Research. 181 - 194. ISSN 2322455X

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Abstract

Colibacillosis is an infectious disease in poultry caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), which can invade the host through the intestinal or respiratory tract and subsequently lead to systemic infection mediated by various virulence factors. The current study aimed to characterize the 15 Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates obtained from colibacillosis-affected commercial layer farms (n=10) in West Java, Indonesia, between 2016 and 2020. Molecular identification and characterization were performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting uspA gene, four O-serogroups (O1, O2, O18, and O78), 11 virulence-associated genes, and phylogenetic markers, with appropriate positive and negative controls included in each assay. All isolates were confirmed as E. coli by uspA amplification. The most prevalent virulence gene was fimC in 87 (13/15), which was detected across multiple phylogenetic groups, including B1, B2, A/C, and D/E, followed by ibeB and traT (73, 11/15 each), iucD and iroN (67, 10/15 each), papC and vat (33, 5/15 each), ibeA (13, 2/15), and iss (7, 1/15). Serogroup analysis identified three isolates as O1, two as O18, and one as O78, while the majority of isolates (9/15) were not assignable to the tested serogroups. Phylogenetic analysis classified the isolates into group A (1/15), B1 (2/15), B2 (5/15), F (3/15), A/C (2/15), D/E (1/15), and one unclassified group (1/15), with phylogenetic group B2 harboring the highest number of virulence-associated genes. The findings of the current study demonstrated substantial genetic diversity among APEC isolates circulating in West Java, Indonesia. © The Author(s) 2026. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	Colibacillosis; Escherichia coli; Phylogenetic group; Virulence gene; Zoonotic disease
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SF Animal culture
Divisions:	Journal of World's Poultry Research (JWPR)
Page Range:	181 - 194
Journal or Publication Title:	Journal of World's Poultry Research
Journal Index:	Scopus
Volume:	16
Number:	2
Publisher:	Scienceline Publication
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2026.17
ISSN:	2322455X
Depositing User:	Dr. Daryoush Babazadeh
URI:	https://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/1768

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