Development of Antimicrobial Resistance in Layer Chicken Farms in Indonesia: A Review

Mahapurta, I Made and Karang Agustina, Kadek and Kerta Besung, I Nengah (2026) Development of Antimicrobial Resistance in Layer Chicken Farms in Indonesia: A Review. Journal of World's Poultry Research. 110 - 126. ISSN 2322455X

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Abstract

Layer farming plays a vital role in providing animal-derived food products. Increased production raises concern about antimicrobial resistance (AMR), mainly due to widespread and indiscriminate use of antibiotics as growth promoters and prophylactic therapeutics. The present study aimed to investigate the development and risk factors associated with AMR in layer farms across Indonesia. Antimicrobial resistance represented a significant global threat to both human and animal health, leading to treatment failures, rising healthcare costs, and the spread of resistant pathogens through the food chain. Bacterial resistance mechanisms, including antibiotic inactivation, modifications of antimicrobial target sites, and reduced cellular permeability, particularly in Gram-negative bacteria further exacerbated AMR problem. Globally, regulations on antibiotic use in livestock farming differed significantly, with some countries implementing stringent bans while others continued to permit their use. In Indonesia, the use of antibiotics as growth promoters has been officially prohibited; however, enforcement remained inconsistent due to limited access to veterinary services, inadequate monitoring systems, and insufficient awareness among farmers. Effective AMR management depended on a one health framework that integrates human, animal, and environmental health. To promote responsible antimicrobial use and strengthen veterinary services, cross-sectoral coordination was vital for advancing training, infrastructure, and diagnostics. These efforts enabled the development of evidence-based policies, including regulations on the use of antibiotics in livestock and national action plans supported by robust surveillance systems. By adopting systemic approaches and innovative farm management practices, the risks associated with AMR can be effectively mitigated, ensuring the sustainability of the livestock sector and safeguarding global health. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2026

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	Antibiotic residue; Antibiotic use; Antimicrobial resistance; Layer farming; One health
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SF Animal culture
Divisions:	Journal of World's Poultry Research (JWPR)
Page Range:	110 - 126
Journal or Publication Title:	Journal of World's Poultry Research
Journal Index:	Scopus
Volume:	16
Number:	1
Publisher:	Scienceline Publication
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2026.12
ISSN:	2322455X
Depositing User:	Dr. Daryoush Babazadeh
URI:	https://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/1762

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