Genotypic Characterization of Escherichia coli Pathotypes Based on Antibiotic Resistance Genes

ElZahraa.Gamal, Fatma and Diab, Mohamed S. and Gadallah, Fatma M. and Awad, Nermin and El-Naker, Yasser and Salah Eldin Diab, Marwa and Salama, Selim S. (2026) Genotypic Characterization of Escherichia coli Pathotypes Based on Antibiotic Resistance Genes. World's Veterinary Journal. 508 - 516. ISSN 23224568

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Abstract

Diarrhea represents a major health challenge in young calves and is a leading cause of mortality, arising from infectious and non-infectious factors. The present study aimed to investigate antibiotic-resistant, multi-virulent diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains isolated from human and animal samples. The current study included 23 E. coli strains obtained from calves across four different farms in Egypt, as well as nine E. coli isolates derived from 18 stool samples from workers. These samples were transferred to the microbiological laboratory for bacteriological and molecular analysis utilizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Molecular analysis of the antibiotic resistance gene was performed using PCR, followed by antibiotic sensitivity testing against ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, ampicillin, cephalosporin, and colistin. Among 23 E. coli isolates obtained from calves, the resistance genes, including qnrS (21.7), gyrA (34.7), and blaTEM (13), were identified. Conversely, qnrA, blaOXA-1, and blaSHV were not detected. Only one isolate exhibited colistin resistance, which was uncommon. Human E. coli isolates demonstrated moderate prevalence of qnrA (55.5), qnrS (33.3), gyrA (33.3), and blaTEM (22.2), while blaOXA and blaSHV were not detected, and a colistin resistance isolate (mcr-1) was rare. The antibiotic sensitivity test of E. coli isolates from calves exhibited that 43 were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 35 to enrofloxacin. Meanwhile, 22 of isolates demonstrated resistance to norfloxacin. The β-lactam group revealed 13 resistance to ampicillin and cephalosporin. Only 4 of all isolates exhibited resistance to colistin. Antibiotic sensitivity test of E. coli isolates from humans revealed significant resistance patterns. Among the quinolones, 78 demonstrated resistance to ciprofloxacin, 56 to enrofloxacin, and 45 to norfloxacin. In contrast, only 22 of isolates were resistant to ampicillin and cephalosporin, while resistance to colistin was detected in just 11 of isolates. The present study confirmed that the misuse of different antibiotics is a significant factor in the development of antimicrobial resistance genes, especially in E. coli strains isolated from both humans and infected calves. © The Author(s) 2026 | This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article�s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article�s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	Antibiotic sensitivity test; Escherichia coli; Multidrug resistance; PCR
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SF Animal culture
Divisions:	World's Veterinary Journal (WVJ)
Page Range:	508 - 516
Journal or Publication Title:	World's Veterinary Journal
Journal Index:	Scopus
Volume:	16
Number:	2
Publisher:	Scienceline Publication
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2026.wvj48
ISSN:	23224568
Depositing User:	Dr. Alireza Sadeghi
URI:	https://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/1746

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