Monitoring of Calcium and Phosphorus in Ruminant Feed by Smartphone-Assisted Colorimetry

Suhubdy, . and Dilaga, Syamsul Hidayat and Noersidiq, Azhary and Ahmadi, . (2026) Monitoring of Calcium and Phosphorus in Ruminant Feed by Smartphone-Assisted Colorimetry. World's Veterinary Journal. 411 - 417. ISSN 23224568

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Abstract

Routine laboratory analysis for ruminant feed minerals is often unavailable in a field setting; therefore, rapid mineral monitoring is necessary. The present study aimed to evaluate a smartphone-assisted colorimetry method for estimating calcium and phosphorus in forage extracts and compare its performance with UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Standard solutions ranging from 1 to 5 ppm were prepared for smartphone-assisted colorimetry and UV-Visible spectrophotometry, and reagent-treated extracts from four forage species, including Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott, Pennisetum purpupoides, Leucaena leucocephala, and Sesbania grandiflora were measured by a Genesys 10S spectrophotometer and by smartphone imaging under controlled lighting. Linear regression was used to develop calibration models, and method agreement was assessed using Pearson's r and mean absolute percentage error. Both methods indicated strong linearity for calcium and phosphorus. For the smartphone method, the coefficient of determination ranged from 0.9448 to 0.9974, compared to 0.9514 to 0.9610 for the UV-Vis method, with absolute differences between the two methods remaining below 0.5. Smartphone-assisted colorimetry and UV-Visible spectrophotometry produced closely comparable estimates for each tested forage sample for the tested forages. Smartphone-assisted colorimetry provided accurate estimates of calcium and phosphorus in forage extracts, comparable to those produced by spectrophotometry, and demonstrated potential as a low-cost tool for routine screening of ruminant feed minerals. © The Author(s) 2026. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	Calcium; Colorimetry; Forage; Nutrition; Phosphorus; Ruminant feed; Smartphone
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SF Animal culture
Divisions:	World's Veterinary Journal (WVJ)
Page Range:	411 - 417
Journal or Publication Title:	World's Veterinary Journal
Journal Index:	Scopus
Volume:	16
Number:	2
Publisher:	Scienceline Publication
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2026.wvj39
ISSN:	23224568
Depositing User:	Dr. Alireza Sadeghi
URI:	https://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/1740

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