Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the Growth Hormone Gene and Their Association with Growth Traits in Sheep: A Systematic Review

Salka, Khadija and Nurgiartiningsih, Veronica Margareta Ani and As, Asrullah and Akram, Sohaib and Novianti, Irida and Marjuki, Marjuki and Suyadi, Suyadi (2026) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the Growth Hormone Gene and Their Association with Growth Traits in Sheep: A Systematic Review. World's Veterinary Journal. 646 - 659. ISSN 23224568

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Abstract

Growth hormone (GH) is synthesized and secreted by the pituitary gland. It is regulated by the GH gene, located on chromosome 11 in sheep, and is crucial for regulating postnatal growth and development in sheep. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GH gene are associated with substantial differences in weight and body size in sheep. This study aimed to systematically evaluate SNPs of the GH gene and their association with growth parameters such as weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW), average daily gain (ADG), and linear body conformation in sheep. A total of 71 studies were extracted from January 2011 to March 2026. The results identified 25 distinct SNPs (with 15 SNPs reported on exon 5), of which five SNPs, A781G, A1544G, C1765A, T1772A, and G1769C, were detected in more than one breed. Eighteen SNPs were found to be significantly associated with growth traits; these associations were not uniform, as individual SNPs were linked to single or multiple traits, including body weight, birth weight, pre-weaning gain, weaning weight, 6-month weight, daily live weight gain, yearling weight, and morphometric traits. In conclusion, polymorphism at the GH gene influences growth traits in sheep, and several SNPs such as C1776G, A1544G, A1678G, A1558G, C1765A, G1550A, T1772A, G1769C, G1756C, 476G>A, 480 G>A, 55G>A, G871A, G1383A, A1509G, A781G, C408G and T735A associated with growth traits are promising candidate markers after validation in larger breed-specific and trait-specific validation. © The Author(s) 2026. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	Breeding program; Growth hormone gene; Marker-assisted selection; Sheep growth; Single nucleotide polymorphism
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SF Animal culture
Divisions:	World's Veterinary Journal (WVJ)
Page Range:	646 - 659
Journal or Publication Title:	World's Veterinary Journal
Journal Index:	Scopus
Volume:	16
Number:	2
Publisher:	Scienceline Publication
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2026.wvj62
ISSN:	23224568
Depositing User:	Dr. Alireza Sadeghi
URI:	https://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/1726

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