Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella spp. in Pigeons Farmed at Bac Ninh Province, Vietnam

Huong, Chu Thi Thanh and Oanh, Truong Lan and Tra, Vu Thi Thu and Thai, Truong Ha (2026) Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella spp. in Pigeons Farmed at Bac Ninh Province, Vietnam. World's Veterinary Journal. 152 - 158. ISSN 23224568

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Abstract

Pigeons are known to be the potential reservoir for several pathogenic microorganisms, including Salmonella, E. coli, Chlamydia spp. and Cryptococcus spp. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in fecal samples from pigeons raised in Northern Vietnam. From January to December 2024, 128 fresh fecal samples were collected from 32 different pigeon farms in Bac Ninh province, Vietnam, for Salmonella isolation. Fecal samples were cultured on peptone buffer and selective media such as rappaport-vassilidis soybean broth and xylose lysine deoxycholate agar; suspected Salmonella colonies were confirmed by biochemical tests and InvA gene identification. Results showed that 40 out of 128 samples (31.3) were positive for Salmonella. The isolated Salmonella strains were tested for antibiotic susceptibility by agar diffusion method for ampicillin, meropenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, doxycycline, tetracycline, gentamicin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The isolates exhibited the highest resistance rate to tetracycline (67.5), followed by ampicillin and sulfonamide (62.5). Cefotaxime, streptomycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were resistant at rates of 52.0, 47.5, and 45.0, respectively. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, doxycycline, nalidixic acid, and chloramphenicol ranged from 20.0 to 35.0. No Salmonella strains were observed to be resistant to ceftazidime, meropenem, and norfloxacin. The current results indicated that 92.5 (37/40) isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, with 26 different antibiotic resistance patterns. Twenty-eight (70.0) strains were identified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), with resistance to 3-4 antibiotic classes, and 5-6 antibiotic classes and 7 antibiotic classes found in 11 (27.5), 12 (30.0), and 5 (12.5) of the isolates, respectively. Overall, the findings of the current study indicated a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella in pigeon farms, with many strains identified as MDR. © The Author(s) 2026 Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third-party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	Antibiotic resistance; InvA; Pigeon; Salmonella
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SF Animal culture
Divisions:	World's Veterinary Journal (WVJ)
Page Range:	152 - 158
Journal or Publication Title:	World's Veterinary Journal
Journal Index:	Scopus
Volume:	16
Number:	1
Publisher:	Scienceline Publication
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2026.wvj14
ISSN:	23224568
Depositing User:	Dr. Alireza Sadeghi
URI:	https://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/1716

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