The Emerging of Antifungal Resistance and Virulence in Non-Albicans Candida Derived from Bovine Mastitis

Soliman, Mona Mohamed Hassan and Kandil, Mai Mohamed (2026) The Emerging of Antifungal Resistance and Virulence in Non-Albicans Candida Derived from Bovine Mastitis. World's Veterinary Journal. 459 - 467. ISSN 23224568

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Abstract

Mastitis represents a considerable economic burden on the dairy industry, adversely affecting milk yield and quality. In mycotic mastitis, Candida (C.) species are frequently responsible for opportunistic fungal infections in cows. The present study aimed to isolate C. tropicalis from aseptically collected milk samples from 60 dairy cows (average age 4.2 years) that tested positive for the California mastitis test (CMT). Mycotic etiology was confirmed through direct microscopy (KOH wet mount), culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar, and biochemical identification (API 20C AUX system). Antifungal sensitivity testing was conducted employing the broth microdilution method in accordance with CLSI M27-A3 guidelines. Additionally, molecular detection of antifungal resistance genes (ERG3 and CDR1) and virulence genes (SAPT3, ALS2, and LIP1) was carried out using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of five C. tropicalis isolates were obtained from 60 mastitis milk samples, yielding a prevalence of 8.3. Antifungal susceptibility profiles demonstrated that all tested isolates were sensitive to itraconazole, nystatin, and ketoconazole. However, two of five isolates (40) were resistant to fluconazole, all five isolates (100) were resistant to terbinafine, and three of five isolates (60) were resistant to voriconazole. Virulence genes (SAPT3, ALS2, and LIP1) were identified in 100, 40, and 60 of the five examined isolates, respectively. Meanwhile, antifungal resistance genes (CDR1 and ERG3) were found in 100 and 80 of the isolates, respectively. The present study underscored the prevalence of multidrug-resistant C. tropicalis in bovine mycotic mastitis, emphasizing the need for routine antifungal susceptibility testing and molecular screening in dairy farms. © The Author(s) 2026, Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article�s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article�s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	Antifungal resistance; Candida tropicalis; Mastitis; Resistance gene; Virulence gene
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SF Animal culture
Divisions:	World's Veterinary Journal (WVJ)
Page Range:	459 - 467
Journal or Publication Title:	World's Veterinary Journal
Journal Index:	Scopus
Volume:	16
Number:	2
Publisher:	Scienceline Publication
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2026.wvj43
ISSN:	23224568
Depositing User:	Dr. Alireza Sadeghi
URI:	https://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/1708

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