Epidemiology, Histopathological Classification, Hematological Alterations, and Treatment Outcomes of Canine Mammary Tumors in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Du, Vu Thanh and Tran, Thi Ngoc Tran and Nguyen, Tam Huu and Nguyen, Vy Le Thuy and Hong, Nghia Hieu and Nguyen, Phat Cong and Le, Thong Minh and Vo, Khoi Hoang Dang and Pham, Trieu Van and Nguyen, Loan Vu Thuy Hong (2026) Epidemiology, Histopathological Classification, Hematological Alterations, and Treatment Outcomes of Canine Mammary Tumors in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. World's Veterinary Journal. 211 - 219. ISSN 23224568

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Abstract

Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are among the most common neoplasms in female dogs. A clinic-based study was conducted to describe the occurrence, clinicopathological features, hematologic findings, and treatment outcomes of CMTs in dogs presented to the K9 Veterinary Clinic system in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. From March 2023 to March 2024, 2,564 female dogs were examined. Mammary tumors were identified in 67 dogs through clinical examination, fine-needle aspiration cytology, and subsequent histopathological evaluation after surgical excision, of which 56 were classified as malignant. Canine mammary ductal carcinoma was the predominant histopathological type, characterized by proliferation of ductal epithelial cells with high cellular density, a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, and poor differentiation. Of 56 dogs with malignant mammary tumors, 54 underwent treatment and were included in outcome evaluation. Stage II was the most common malignant stage (48.21), followed by stage I (25.00), stage III (14.28), stage IV (8.93), and stage V (3.58). Higher tumor occurrence was recorded in dogs older than 10 years, intact females, and obese dogs. Hematologic abnormalities were frequently observed, including neutrophilia and thrombocytopenia in 27 cases each (40.30), leukocytosis and reduced hematocrit in 20 cases each (29.85), reduced red blood cell count in 16 cases (23.8), and decreased hemoglobin concentration in 14 cases (20.89). During the 12-month follow-up period, recovery was recorded in all treated dogs in stage I, in 81.48 of dogs in stage II, and in 25.00 of dogs in stage III, whereas no recovery was observed in stage IV. Findings highlight the importance of early detection and timely clinical management in dogs with mammary tumors. © The Author(s) 2026. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	Cancer; Canine mammary tumor; Chemotherapy; Histopathology; Risk factor
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SF Animal culture
Divisions:	World's Veterinary Journal (WVJ)
Page Range:	211 - 219
Journal or Publication Title:	World's Veterinary Journal
Journal Index:	Scopus
Volume:	16
Number:	1
Publisher:	Scienceline Publication
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2026.wvj20
ISSN:	23224568
Depositing User:	Dr. Alireza Sadeghi
URI:	https://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/1691

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