The Role of Chronic Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Gizzard Erosion in Pipped Poultry Embryos: A Review

Dutta, Debashis and Roy, Rajeeb (2025) The Role of Chronic Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Gizzard Erosion in Pipped Poultry Embryos: A Review. World's Veterinary Journal. 1138 - 1148. ISSN 2322-4568

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Abstract

Gizzard erosion remains a recurrent issue in commercial broiler and layer embryos, leading to poor hatchability and early chick mortality, yet the mechanisms linking infectious, nutritional, and toxic factors remain poorly understood. The present review synthesized published pathological, immunological, and toxicological evidence to explore how these diverse factors may contribute to the development of gizzard erosion. A structured evaluation of experimental and field studies was performed to integrate the available findings. On the basis of this synthesis, the review proposed a two-hit inflammatory hypothesis to explain disease onset. In this hypothesis, the first hit involved chronic, low-grade inflammatory priming during embryogenesis driven by maternal mycotoxins, breeder immune stress, or vertically transmitted infections, whereas the second hit consisted of acute oxidative and metabolic stress during pipping and hatching that may precipitate visible epithelial injury in predisposed gizzards. The hypothesis is presented as a conceptual framework derived from existing literature rather than as an established mechanism, emphasizing that current evidence supports a plausible sequential inflammatory process. Understanding gizzard erosion through this exploratory framework underscores the need for preventive control of prenatal inflammatory triggers and identifies clear directions for future experimental validation at the embryonic level. © The Author(s) 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article�s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article�s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	Broiler; Chronic inflammation; Gizzard erosion; Immunology; Layer; Toxicology
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SF Animal culture
Divisions:	World's Veterinary Journal (WVJ)
Page Range:	1138 - 1148
Journal or Publication Title:	World's Veterinary Journal
Journal Index:	Scopus
Volume:	15
Number:	4
Publisher:	Scienceline Publication
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2025.wvj117
ISSN:	2322-4568
Depositing User:	Dr. Alireza Sadeghi
URI:	https://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/1679

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