Rapid Simultaneous Detection of Salmonella and Campylobacter Bacteria Directly from Chicken Faeces

Ghafar, Sherryl Nurfarhanim Abd and Ahmad, Nur Indah and Aziz, Saleha Abdul and Zakaria, Zunita (2025) Rapid Simultaneous Detection of Salmonella and Campylobacter Bacteria Directly from Chicken Faeces. World's Veterinary Journal. 891 - 900. ISSN 2322-4568

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Abstract

Campylobacter and Salmonella are widely recognized as significant causes of foodborne diseases, with poultry and poultry products being the most frequent sources of infection in humans. Rapid, simultaneous detection of both pathogens can prevent contaminated food from entering the human food chain. The present study aimed to simultaneously detect Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. directly from faeces of broiler chickens aged 4 to 5 weeks by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR). The suitability of the PCR protocol using pairs of primers targeting the invA and cadF genes was evaluated to detect Salmonella and Campylobacter spp., respectively, from 15 samples. The specificity of the PCR assay was 100 for both pathogens, as no positive cross-reactions were detected with non-targeted bacteria. The limit of detection for pure culture of Salmonella was 1 CFU/mL, whereas for Campylobacter it was 10¹ CFU/mL. Incubation of spiked faeces in brain heart infusion broth for 24 to 48 hours maintained a detection limit of 1 CFU/mL for Salmonella; however, the sensitivity decreased, resulting in a detection limit of 10² CFU/mL for Campylobacter. Simultaneous detection from 15 chicken faecal samples revealed two samples co-carrying both Salmonella and Campylobacter spp., four samples positive for Salmonella, six samples positive for Campylobacter, and three samples were negative for both pathogens. The developed mPCR protocol in the present study was highly specific and sensitive for detecting Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. directly from chicken faeces, achieving results in under 36 hours compared to the conventional culture method. The mPCR protocol can benefit veterinary and public health authorities during epidemiological investigations and rapid diagnostic purposes, which require timely confirmation of the disease status in chickens during the grow period. © The Author(s) 2025. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) andthe source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this articleare included in the articleâ��s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in thearticleâ��s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtainpermission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	Campylobacter; Faeces; Multiplex PCR; Salmonella; Simultaneous detection
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SF Animal culture
Divisions:	World's Veterinary Journal (WVJ)
Page Range:	891 - 900
Journal or Publication Title:	World's Veterinary Journal
Journal Index:	Scopus
Volume:	15
Number:	4
Publisher:	Scienceline Publication
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2025.wvj90
ISSN:	2322-4568
Depositing User:	Dr. Alireza Sadeghi
URI:	https://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/1675

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