In Silico Study on Structure Prediction of Apical Membrane Antigen 1 in Eimeria tenella

Hung, Pham Hoang Son and Dung, Ho Thi and Hai, Duong Thanh and Thao, Tran Nguyen (2025) In Silico Study on Structure Prediction of Apical Membrane Antigen 1 in Eimeria tenella. World's Veterinary Journal. 1120 - 1129. ISSN 2322-4568

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Abstract

The micronemal apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) has been demonstrated to be critical for host cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites. The present study predicted the structure of Eimeria tenella AMA1 (EtAMA1) using AlphaFold3. The structural model ranked first by AlphaFold3 was selected for analysis after removing unreliable regions. Comparative structural analyses were performed between the resulting EtAMA1 model and the well-characterized Plasmodium falciparum AMA1 (PfAMA1) using PyMOL. The results indicated that domains I and II of EtAMA1 may adopt the PAN motif (a conserved structural fold consisting of a five-stranded β-sheet and an α-helix) stabilized by five disulfide bonds, similar to PfAMA1. In addition, aromatic residues within the ligand binding pocket of PfAMA1 are conserved in EtAMA1, except for the critical Y251. The Proline-rich DII loop at the corner of the conserved hydrophobic pocket in EtAMA1 is shorter than that of PfAMA1, which possibly makes the hydrophobic pocket wider. Notably, domain III of EtAMA1 is predicted to form a three-stranded β-sheet with no disordered loop and α-helix, which is different from Plasmodium AMA1 structures. The present study provided preliminary information on structural divergences of EtAMA1, based on AlphaFold3 prediction, underscoring the need for experimental validation and investigation of possible implications for the parasite invasion mechanism. © The Author(s) 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article�s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article�s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	Apical membrane antigen 1; Domain; Eimeria tenella; Hydrophobic pocket
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SF Animal culture
Divisions:	World's Veterinary Journal (WVJ)
Page Range:	1120 - 1129
Journal or Publication Title:	World's Veterinary Journal
Journal Index:	Scopus
Volume:	15
Number:	4
Publisher:	Scienceline Publication
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2025.wvj115
ISSN:	2322-4568
Depositing User:	Dr. Alireza Sadeghi
URI:	https://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/1672

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