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Physiological and Productive Responses to Dietary Supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris in Growing Rabbits (Text)
Physiological and Productive Responses to Dietary Supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris in Growing Rabbits (Other)
HTML Summary of #1361 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Physiological and Productive Responses to Dietary Supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris in Growing Rabbits</epc:when>
A tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue that exceeds normal boundaries, resulting from uncoordinated and uncontrolled cell proliferation. Tumors can affect various parts of cattle animals, including the skin, bones, glands, and visceral organs. The present study aimed to explore the pathology of bovine skin tumors and their health and economic impacts on cattle. Skin tumors are the most frequently diagnosed neoplastic disorders in bovine species. The most common skin tumors in bovine include bovine papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma, and bovine lymphosarcoma. These tumors pose significant health challenges and have a negative economic impact on cattle production and its byproducts. Clinical features of skin tumors often include hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, elongated rete pegs, large nodular structures, exophytic and cauliflower-like lesions, and friable lesions. Melanomas, another type of proliferative skin tumor, are characterized by spindle to round cell shapes containing abundant black pigment. More than 90% of skin tumors are linked to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Diagnosing a skin tumor in cattle typically involves skin biopsy and fine needle aspiration cytology. Histologically, skin tumor cells exhibit an increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, cellular and nuclear pleomorphism, and a discohesive arrangement of cells. In addition to their health implications, skin tumors in cattle result in significant economic losses due to reduced productivity, decreased reproduction rates, carcass condemnation, and the downgrading of skins and hides. Common treatment options for skin tumors include chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical removal. Given that skin tumors are an economically significant disease in Ethiopia, they require increased attention from researchers and the centers for control and prevention. Early diagnosis and effective management of these tumors are crucial issues that must be addressed.
Physiological and Productive Responses to Dietary Supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris in Growing Rabbits
SF Animal culture
Prediction of Compressive Strength and Design Parameters of C30/37, C35/45 and C40/50 Concrete Classes by ANN (Text)
Prediction of Compressive Strength and Design Parameters of C30/37, C35/45 and C40/50 Concrete Classes by ANN (Other)
HTML Summary of #1340 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Prediction of Compressive Strength and Design Parameters of C30/37, C35/45 and C40/50 Concrete Classes by ANN</epc:when>
The quality of concrete used in the construction sector is increasing day by day with ready-mixed concrete production. The quality of concrete is directly related to its compressive strength and the related tests are labor-intensive and time-consuming. Therefore, different artificial intelligence-based models are used to predict the compressive strength of concrete. In this study, compressive strength and design parameters of concrete classes C30/37, C35/45 and C40/50 were predicted by ANN model. A total of 240 compressive strength results obtained from concretes produced in a ready-mixed concrete plant for the construction of columns, beams, decks and stairs. 70% of these data were used for training and remaining 30% of data were reserved for testing. The prediction accuracy of the ANN model was evaluated by R2, MAPE and RMSE statistical methods. According to results, the compressive strengths of concrete classes C30/37, C35/45 and C40/50 could be predicted with errors of -0.70%, 1.25% and 0.17% for 7 days and 0.99%, 0.03% and -0.69% for 28 days, respectively. Depending on the design parameters, it was found that prediction performance could be made with almost 100% accuracy for all concretes except high-performance superplasticizer admixture. As a result, it was concluded that ‘very good’ or ‘high accuracy’ predictions can be made with ANN models.
Prediction of Compressive Strength and Design Parameters of C30/37, C35/45 and C40/50 Concrete Classes by ANN
CB History of civilization
TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Journal of Civil Engineering and Urbanism
Condition Assessment of Metsimotlhabe River Bridge using Non-Destructive Testing and Non-Contact Procedure (Text)
Condition Assessment of Metsimotlhabe River Bridge using Non-Destructive Testing and Non-Contact Procedure (Other)
HTML Summary of #1341 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Condition Assessment of Metsimotlhabe River Bridge using Non-Destructive Testing and Non-Contact Procedure</epc:when>
A process of in-service infrastructure health assessment using non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) techniques is crucial for prompt, accurate and quantitative identification of damage in civil infrastructure. The aim of this study was to assess the structural performance of Metsimotlhabe River Bridge through NDT&E and load testing techniques. Schmidt rebound hammer was utilized to determine the compressive strength of the bridge, total station was used to monitor the profile of the bridge girder level for differential deformation, and a non-contact global positioning system (GPS) technology was employed to measure the dynamic displacement of the bridge under random operational traffic loading conditions. Finally, the dynamic behavior of the bridge was evaluated based on displacement, strain and acceleration response data. There was a perfect linear correlation between rebound number and compressive strength of concrete from different contact surfaces. The compressive strength of the bridge superstructure from random sampling was 39.48 N/mm2 (CoV = 19.22%). The normal distribution of the bridge levels at the northern and southern levels depicted differential displacement that indicated torsional deformation. The displacement of the bridge girder was simultaneously monitored at the supports, quarter-spans and mid-span using GPS technology. The results showed functional elastomeric bearings at the supports, perfect correlation at the quarter spans and maximum dynamic flexural displacement of 21.5 mm at the mid-span. The modal decomposition acceleration and displacement response data produced the first three flexural modal frequencies of 6.44 Hz, 9.10 Hz and 19.56 Hz. It can be concluded that while the bridge was in good condition in terms of its compressive strength, elastomeric bearings and fibre strain, the differential displacement at the northern-southern edges of the bridge was a clear indication of torsional deformation of the superstructure.
Condition Assessment of Metsimotlhabe River Bridge using Non-Destructive Testing and Non-Contact Procedure
TG Bridge engineering
DETECTION AND PREVALENCE OF Leucocytozoon spp. IN LOCAL CHICKEN BREEDS IN AL MUTHANNA PROVINCE OF IRAQ (Text)
DETECTION AND PREVALENCE OF Leucocytozoon spp. IN LOCAL CHICKEN BREEDS IN AL MUTHANNA PROVINCE OF IRAQ (Other)
HTML Summary of #1114 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">DETECTION AND PREVALENCE OF Leucocytozoon spp. IN LOCAL CHICKEN BREEDS IN AL MUTHANNA PROVINCE OF IRAQ</epc:when>
Leucocytozoon species are avian haemoparasites with economic impacts on poultry production. The present study investigates the presence of Leucocytozoon in chickens of Al Muthanna province, Iraq. Eighty one blood samples were collected from chickens in Samawah, Rumaitha, Warkaa, and Kidhre regions to examine the prevalence of Leucocytozoon. An infection rate of 6.1 was found among chicken breeds. The study highlighted that the main symptoms of infection were decreased egg production, anemia, and loss of appetite. Notably, infection was more prevalent in the Rumaitha, Khidr and Samawah regions, while no cases were reported in Warka. Treatment methods included primaquine and pyrimethamine alongside care to manage the condition effectively. It is important to mention that the observed prevalence rate in chickens was lower compared to studies on birds in Iraq, where an overall blood parasite prevalence of 15 was documented. This difference could be attributed to factors like habitat variations, vector presence, or differing susceptibility among bird species. Our suggestion for future work can be the application of new programs for diagnosing and controlling parasites in chickens. © The Author(s) 2024
DETECTION AND PREVALENCE OF Leucocytozoon spp. IN LOCAL CHICKEN BREEDS IN AL MUTHANNA PROVINCE OF IRAQ
Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF CACTUS (Opuntia ficus-indica) CLADODES, Acacia saligna, WHEAT BRAN AND COTTON SEED CAKE ON FEED INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY, GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF GOATS (Text)
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF CACTUS (Opuntia ficus-indica) CLADODES, Acacia saligna, WHEAT BRAN AND COTTON SEED CAKE ON FEED INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY, GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF GOATS (Other)
HTML Summary of #1116 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF CACTUS (Opuntia ficus-indica) CLADODES, Acacia saligna, WHEAT BRAN AND COTTON SEED CAKE ON FEED INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY, GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF GOATS</epc:when>
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) cladodes, Acacia saligna, wheat bran and cotton seed cake on growth, digestibility, intake and carcass characteristics of goats. A randomized complete block design was used in the experiment with 24 yearling central highland goats with an initial body weight of 15.6 - 16.1 kg. The same amount of grass hay (GH) + 150 gDM/head/day wheat bran (WB) was given to all animals. The experimental diets consisted of 80 gDM of cotton seed cake (CSC) as treatment 1 (T1); 45 gDM of CSC + 160 gDM of cactus cladodes (CC) as T2; 45g DM of CSC + 80 gDM of Acacia saligna (AS) as T3; and 45 gDM of CSC + 80 gDM of CC + 40 gDM of AS as T4 (per day per goat). Data were gathered on the goats’ growth, digestibility, intake, and carcass of major organs, edible and nonedible organs. The consumption of dry matter and organic matter was higher in goats fed T2 and T4 than in the T1 group. The dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) digestibility, average daily body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency were higher in T4 and T3 goats when compared to T2 goats. Goats fed on T4 had higher hot carcass weight and dressing percentage on slaughter body weight basis than T2, T3, and T1 supplemented goats. Generally, the experimental diets improved goats’ performance in descending order (T4 > T3 >T1 >T2). Supplementation of T4 (replacement of 35 gDM of cotton seed cake per day by 40 gDM of Acacia saligna and 80 gDM of cactus cladodes on dry matter bases) could be recommended to improve goat performance. © The Author(s) 2024
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF CACTUS (Opuntia ficus-indica) CLADODES, Acacia saligna, WHEAT BRAN AND COTTON SEED CAKE ON FEED INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY, GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF GOATS
A Holistic Approach to Bovine Brucellosis: Serological Tests, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Evaluation, and Risk Factor Identification on Dairy Farms of Ethiopia (Text)
A Holistic Approach to Bovine Brucellosis: Serological Tests, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Evaluation, and Risk Factor Identification on Dairy Farms of Ethiopia (Other)
HTML Summary of #1185 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A Holistic Approach to Bovine Brucellosis: Serological Tests, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Evaluation, and Risk Factor Identification on Dairy Farms of Ethiopia</epc:when>
Brucellosis, a contagious bacterial disease affecting animals globally presents a substantial zoonotic risk that is frequently underestimated, hinders animal trade, and endangers livestock and human health. The present study was conducted from November 2023 to June 2024 in Central and North Gondar Zone, Ethiopia. The current cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of brucellosis and to explore the related knowledge, attitudes, and practices within the specified region. A total of 384 serum samples were collected via random sampling from 20 dairy farms located in Ethiopia. Both local and cross-breed samples screened using the Rose Bengal Plate test and confirmed through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis for both tests was 17.71 overall, with 9.62 for Central Gondar and 27.27 for North Gondar. Extensive farms exhibited notably higher odds of brucellosis compared to intensive farms, with unadjusted crude odds ratios of 3.01 and adjusted odds ratios of 2.37, respectively. Medium-sized herds also demonstrated increased odds in the multivariate analysis compared with small herds. Young respondents displayed the highest awareness levels, followed by adults and older individuals, with statistically significant differences observed across all categories. Regarding a semi-structured survey from 150 farmers on the association between sociodemographic data and knowledge, females exhibited higher awareness levels, with 117 (80.14) responding positively. Young respondents showed a higher positive response rate of 58 compared to adults (52.7) and the elderly (36.54). In conclusion, these results emphasize the need for comprehensive strategies to address the factors influencing bovine brucellosis prevalence and respondent awareness. © The Author(s) 2024
A Holistic Approach to Bovine Brucellosis: Serological Tests, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Evaluation, and Risk Factor Identification on Dairy Farms of Ethiopia
EFFECTS OF SEASON ON METABOLIC PROFILE OF HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN COWS IN POSTPARTUM PERIOD (Text)
EFFECTS OF SEASON ON METABOLIC PROFILE OF HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN COWS IN POSTPARTUM PERIOD (Other)
HTML Summary of #1121 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECTS OF SEASON ON METABOLIC PROFILE OF HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN COWS IN POSTPARTUM PERIOD</epc:when>
The aim of the present study was to determine the metabolic profile of Holstein-Friesian cows in the postpartum period, as well as the effect of season on metabolic profile. The postpartum period is essential in the reproductive life of high yielding dairy cows because of its impact on future gravidity. This study included 60 cows up to 15 days after parturition, aged 2–8 years (the largest number of cows was between 3 and 5 years old) with no apparent clinical problems. Cows were sampled in summer season (n=30) and winter season (n=30). Parameters of metabolic profile were determined as follows: glucose, albumin, total protein, cholesterol, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urea, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Statistical differences were considered significant at the p<0.05. Present research showed that all investigated parameters were within a reference range for cattle. Impact of season sampling was determined for glucose, albumin, total protein, cholesterol and phosphorus, while bilirubin, calcium, magnesium, urea as well as activities of ALT, AST and LDH were unaffected by the season of sampling. In conclusion, metabolic status is affected by the season and examination during the postpartum period can provide valuable information of cows’ health status, in order to diagnose and moreover prevent postpartum diseases. © The Author(s) 2024
EFFECTS OF SEASON ON METABOLIC PROFILE OF HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN COWS IN POSTPARTUM PERIOD
Effect of Nano-Liquid Extracts of Andrographis paniculata and Moringa oleifera on The Performance and Carcass Quality of Broiler Chickens (Text)
Effect of Nano-Liquid Extracts of Andrographis paniculata and Moringa oleifera on The Performance and Carcass Quality of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #1173 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Nano-Liquid Extracts of Andrographis paniculata and Moringa oleifera on The Performance and Carcass Quality of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Feed was crucial for achieving optimal productivity in broiler chickens, which required ongoing monitoring of its quantity and quality. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of nanoliquid extracts from Andrographis paniculata and Moringa oleifera used as photobiotic on the performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens. The research involved 128 broiler chickens, which were divided into four treatment groups, each with four replications of eight broiler chickens. The treatments included a control group (T0), a 0.25 nano liquid extract mixture of Andrographis paniculata and Moringa oleifera (T1), a 0.50 nanoliquid extract mixture (T2), and a 0.75 nanoliquid extract mixture (T3). The study utilized an in vivo method and analysed the data using a completely randomized design. The optimal level of nano liquid extract was determined based on chicken performance (feed consumption, body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), income-over-feed cost (IOFC)) and carcass quality (carcass percentage, cooking loss, meat color, water-holding capacity, and texture). The findings indicated that the addition of combined Andrographis paniculata and Moringa oleifera (1:1, w/w) nano-liquid extract in the chickens’ feed significantly influenced body weight, FCR, and IOFC. However, there was no significant effect on feed consumption. Furthermore, the use of Andrographis paniculata and Moringa oleifera combination had a significant impact on all carcass quality parameters beyond *b carcass color. It was concluded that the addition of 0.25 of combined Andrographis paniculata and Moringa oleifera nano liquid extract yielded the most favorable outcomes for the performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens. © The Author(s) 2024
Effect of Nano-Liquid Extracts of Andrographis paniculata and Moringa oleifera on The Performance and Carcass Quality of Broiler Chickens
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum) AND TITHONIA (Tithonia diversifolia) SHOOT-BASED WAFERS WITH DIFFERENT ADHESIVE TYPES (Text)
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum) AND TITHONIA (Tithonia diversifolia) SHOOT-BASED WAFERS WITH DIFFERENT ADHESIVE TYPES (Other)
HTML Summary of #1118 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum) AND TITHONIA (Tithonia diversifolia) SHOOT-BASED WAFERS WITH DIFFERENT ADHESIVE TYPES</epc:when>
Wafers (wafer-feed) are an effective processing technology and are expected to maintain the continuous availability of animal feed during the dry season. The purpose of this study was to determine the best type of adhesive on the physical quality of sugarcane tops and Tithonia based wafers. This study used the Split Split Plot Design (SSPD). The main plot as factor A was the type of adhesive, consisting of: Tapioca flour (A1), Pathi flour (A2), Gaplek flour (A3), Karagenan flour (A4), palm sugar (A5). The subplots as Factor B are temperature which consists of: 100oC (B1), 110oC (B2), and 120oC (B3), while the sub-plots as factor C are oven time consisting of: 10 minutes (C1), 15 minutes (C2), and 20 minutes (C3). The forage used was Sugarcane tops (Saccharum officinarum) and Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) in the ratio of 60:40. The best adhesive in making sugarcane tops and Tithonia based wafers is tapioca flour with a temperature of 120oC for 20 minutes, with physical properties such as colour, aroma, and excellent texture with a range (3.73, 3.70, and 3.63), density with a value of 5.68 g/cm3, and water binding capacity with a value of 104.22. From the research it can be concluded that there are interactions on the physical properties of wafers (colour, aroma, and smell), density and water binding capacity. For further research, the best wafers obtained were continued to the in vitro digestibility stage to see the digestibility of wafers as ruminant feed. © The Author(s) 2024
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum) AND TITHONIA (Tithonia diversifolia) SHOOT-BASED WAFERS WITH DIFFERENT ADHESIVE TYPES
Effects of Butylated Hydroxytoluene and Sorbitol as Diluent Components on Structural and Surface Ultrastructural Changes of Gaga Chicken Sperm During Cryopreservation (Text)
Effects of Butylated Hydroxytoluene and Sorbitol as Diluent Components on Structural and Surface Ultrastructural Changes of Gaga Chicken Sperm During Cryopreservation (Other)
HTML Summary of #1187 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Butylated Hydroxytoluene and Sorbitol as Diluent Components on Structural and Surface Ultrastructural Changes of Gaga Chicken Sperm During Cryopreservation</epc:when>
The Gaga chicken is an indigenous Indonesian breed that is important to preserve using semen cryopreservation technology. The study was conducted to determine the effect of adding sorbitol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in the diluent on the structural and surface ultrastructure of cryopreserved Gaga chicken sperm during cryopreservation/frozen storage. The study aimed to assess how adding sorbitol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) to the diluent affects the structure and surface ultrastructure of cryopreserved Gaga chicken sperm. A completely randomized design was employed with four treatments and 10 replications including egg yolk-lactate ringer diluent (EYLR) as the control group, EYLR diluent with 3 mM BHT, EYLR diluent with 2 sorbitol, and EYLR diluent with both 3 mM BHT and 2 sorbitol. Semen was collected using a massage technique from 4 male chickens aged approximately 10 months, pooled semen was diluted, packaged in 0.25 mL straws, equilibrated for 2 hours at 5 °C, pre-freeze for 10 minutes, frozen for 24 hours, and thawed for 30 seconds at 37 °C. The parameters evaluated were sperm plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, DNA damage, mitochondrial functionality, and surface ultrastructure. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect on plasma membrane integrity and post-thawing mitochondrial functionality compared to the control, but no effect was observed on acrosome integrity or DNA damage. The results showed that the combination treatment of BHT with sorbitol had a significant effect on plasma membrane integrity and post-thawing mitochondrial function, but did not affect acrosome integrity or DNA damage when compared to the control group. Ultrastructural observations indicated that cryopreservation caused damage to the head, middle, and tail of the sperm in the control groups. However, these changes were prevented by the diluent containing a combination of BHT and sorbitol. The addition of both components (BHT 3 mM + sorbitol 2) effectively maintained plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial functionality, and surface ultrastructure of Gaga chicken sperm during cryopreservation. © The Author(s) 2024
Effects of Butylated Hydroxytoluene and Sorbitol as Diluent Components on Structural and Surface Ultrastructural Changes of Gaga Chicken Sperm During Cryopreservation
EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTING CULTURED Cordyceps militaris MUSHROOM MYCELIA IN THE PREGNANT SOW’S DIET ON THE HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE OF THE MOTHERS AND THEIR SUCKLING PIGLETS (Text)
EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTING CULTURED Cordyceps militaris MUSHROOM MYCELIA IN THE PREGNANT SOW’S DIET ON THE HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE OF THE MOTHERS AND THEIR SUCKLING PIGLETS (Other)
HTML Summary of #1117 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTING CULTURED Cordyceps militaris MUSHROOM MYCELIA IN THE PREGNANT SOW’S DIET ON THE HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE OF THE MOTHERS AND THEIR SUCKLING PIGLETS</epc:when>
Present study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementing cultured Cordyceps mushroom mycelia (CMM) in the diets of pregnant sows on the productivity of the mothers and their suckling piglets during their first week of age. A total of 30 pregnant F1 (Landrace x Yorkshire) sows were randomly allocated to 5 dietary treatments with 6 replicates each: Control (sows fed the basal diet), and T30, T50, T100, and T200, where sows were fed the basal diet supplemented with 30, 50, 100, and 200 g of dried CMM, respectively. The animals were individually housed and fed twice daily. The performance and health status of the sows and their piglets were recorded accordingly. The results showed that the inclusion of CMM in the diets of pregnant and lactating sows affected the performance and health status of both the mothers and their piglets. For the piglets, the total number of piglets born and alive was higher in the T50, T100, and T200 groups compared to the control and T30 groups, but there was no effect on the survival rate at 7 days old. Daily gains per piglet were higher in the T30, T50, and T100 groups compared to T200 (P<0.05). For the sows, daily feed intake was lower in the T30 group compared to the other treatments (P<0.05). The values of gross energy in the milk produced by the sows were higher in the control, T30, T50, and T100 groups compared to T200 (P<0.05). Both the piglets and the sows on diets supplemented with CMM experienced fewer health problems than those on the control diet (P<0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of 50 and 100 g of CMM per day in the diets of pregnant and lactating sows improved litter size and health status but did not affect the performance of either the mothers or their piglets. © The Author(s) 2024
EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTING CULTURED Cordyceps militaris MUSHROOM MYCELIA IN THE PREGNANT SOW’S DIET ON THE HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE OF THE MOTHERS AND THEIR SUCKLING PIGLETS
Biochemical Studies on Efficiency of Natural Gum in Chronic Kidney Failure and Liver Cirrhosis in Rats (Text)
Biochemical Studies on Efficiency of Natural Gum in Chronic Kidney Failure and Liver Cirrhosis in Rats (Other)
HTML Summary of #1186 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Biochemical Studies on Efficiency of Natural Gum in Chronic Kidney Failure and Liver Cirrhosis in Rats</epc:when>
It is well-established that apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation are associated with several disorders, including chronic renal disease and hepatic disease. Oxidative stress (OS) is a major cause of death from end-stage renal disease which also contributes to atherosclerosis and cardiac issues. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of Gum Arabic (GA) in mitigating renal damage and hepatotoxicity in rats induced by Chloropyrifosmethyl (CPM). A total of 42 male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups, with four groups (group 2 IC, group 5 GA1+ICa, group 6 GA2+IC, and group 7 GA1+ICb treated with CPM for eight weeks to induce hepatic and renal damage. Two models of GA administration, including the standard oral model in drinking water (15% w/v) and the oral model by gavage at a dose of 1 g/kg body weight were administered. Physiological parameters of kidney and liver functions, including urea, creatinine, AST, and ALT along with anti-oxidant factors (Melaodialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and catalase) were measured in plasma, and homogenates of renal and hepatic tissues on day 57 of the experiment. In addition, histopathological examination was conducted on liver and kidney tissues using hematoxylin and eosin stain to evaluate the efficacy of GA on damaged tissues. Gum Arabic was found to significantly reduce CPM toxic effects in the liver and kidney in groups treated with CPM as liver and kidney parameters were reduced to normal levels. Furthermore, GA reduced histological indicators of inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis, as well as renal morphological damage. Additionally, it reduced OS in liver and kidney homogenates. In conclusion, GA effectively reduced the damage that CPM inflicted on liver and kidney tissue by stabilizing physiological parameters to normal levels and repairing cellular structures damaged by OS. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
Biochemical Studies on Efficiency of Natural Gum in Chronic Kidney Failure and Liver Cirrhosis in Rats
Practical Management of Sheep Farming in Eastern Algeria: Situation, Constraints and Perspectives (Text)
Practical Management of Sheep Farming in Eastern Algeria: Situation, Constraints and Perspectives (Other)
HTML Summary of #1176 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Practical Management of Sheep Farming in Eastern Algeria: Situation, Constraints and Perspectives</epc:when>
Successful sheep farming requires hands-on management and a thorough understanding of the factors that influence it. This necessitates a practical, well-organized approach to ensure the flock’s health, productivity, and profitability. Various factors, such as climate, available resources, and management strategies, play a crucial role in determining the success of sheep farming. This study, conducted in the Batna region of Algeria, aimed to assess sheep breeding practices and production performance through a questionnaire distributed to farmers and veterinarians. The study encompassed 14, 124 sheep, including 9, 435 ewes, from 33 Batna region farms to evaluate production and reproduction performance. The findings revealed that the Ouled Djellal breed is the most prevalent, comprising 61.02 of the sheep population. The results indicated that sheep farming in the region largely relies on traditional extensive grazing systems. It is worth noting that breeding practices have not consistently followed recommended guidelines, as evidenced by a suboptimal sex ratio of 36.28. Additionally, only 21.94 of breeders had employed heat synchronization methods, and artificial insemination was not utilized. The low adoption of artificial insemination is primarily attributed to factors, including a lack of knowledge regarding reproductive management, along with challenges related to illiteracy and limited access to essential resources. The analysis further demonstrated that all categories of sheep were profitable; however, profitability was influenced by factors, such as environmental conditions, feed availability, and the age of the animals. The study underscored significant findings, including the prevalence of the Ouled Djellal breed and the limited use of advanced breeding practices, such as artificial insemination, in the Batna region. The value of the current study lies in its comprehensive examination of traditional sheep farming practices and its recommendations for enhancing productivity. These include improving management practices, increasing access to resources, and promoting genetic improvement by adopting advanced breeding technologies. © The Author(s) 2024
Practical Management of Sheep Farming in Eastern Algeria: Situation, Constraints and Perspectives
Amelioration Potency of a Nano-Therapeutic Drug in Rats with Uninephrectomy and Cisplatin-induced Toxicity (Text)
Amelioration Potency of a Nano-Therapeutic Drug in Rats with Uninephrectomy and Cisplatin-induced Toxicity (Other)
HTML Summary of #1184 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Amelioration Potency of a Nano-Therapeutic Drug in Rats with Uninephrectomy and Cisplatin-induced Toxicity</epc:when>
While physicians describe drugs to treat diseases, these medications may have cytotoxic effects on certain organs, necessitating the use of some drugs to ameliorate such adverse effects. The study was conducted to investigate the protective behavior of nanoemulsified sodium salicylate on uninephrectomized rats injected with cisplatin to induce nephrotoxicity. Fifty adult male albino rats, aged five weeks and weighing approximately 100–120 g, were divided into five groups. The first group received 200 mg/kg/day i.p normal saline for 30 days. The second group was administrated 200 mg/kg/day of nanoemulsified salt of salicylic acid for 30 days. The third group, comprising uninephrectomized rats, was injected with two doses of cisplatin (20 mg/kg body weight) on alternate days from the start of the experiment to induce nephrotoxicity. The fourth group, also uninephrectomized, received 200 mg/kg/day i.p of nanoemulsified sodium salicylate for 30 days. The fifth group, uninephrectomized and treated with 200 mg/kg/day sodium salicylate nanoemlusion for 21 days, was subsequently injected with two doses of cisplatin, followed by continued nanoemulsified sodium salicylate treatment until day 30 from the start of the study. The results showed a significant increase in tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), Hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde, kidney injury molecule -1(KIM-1), and nitric oxide in the nephrotoxic group injected with cisplatin compared to the control group. Additionally, there was an elevation in the mRNA expression of nephrotoxic group with uninephrectomy. However, nephrotoxic rats treated with nanoemulsified sodium salicylate exhibited only a modest increase in TIMP-1, HA, and KIM-1 levels, along with elevated expressions of podocin and nephrin compared to the healthy control group. These findings suggest that nanoemulsified sodium salicylate exerts a protective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in uninephrectomized. © The Author(s) 2024
Amelioration Potency of a Nano-Therapeutic Drug in Rats with Uninephrectomy and Cisplatin-induced Toxicity
THE HEALTH AND ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF HONEY PRODUCTION IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA (Text)
THE HEALTH AND ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF HONEY PRODUCTION IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #1120 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">THE HEALTH AND ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF HONEY PRODUCTION IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA</epc:when>
A study was conducted on honey production in Imo state of Nigeria, with a focus on the health and economic dimensions of the industry. The research was carried out using a multi-stage sampling procedure, and a sample size of 80 honey-producer respondents was selected. Data was collected through a well-structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that honey producers in the area had a mean age of 51 years, 11 years of education, 21 years of farming/beekeeping experience, and a household size of 6 persons. The average annual household income was €709.10, with a farm size/number of hives kept of 72 hives per farmer and a quantity of honey produced per annum of 145 litres. The cost and returns analysis showed that the cost of production of honey per litre and profit per litre were €0.40 and €2.40, respectively. The study also determined the nutritional uses and health benefits of honey (e.g. healing wounds, treating ulcers, controlling sore throats and colds, boosting immunity, and as an antibacterial agent). Several factors, including uncontrolled bush burning, bee forage shortage, deforestation, theft of beehives, colony absconding, and poor agricultural practices which strongly constrain honey production has been observed. It is concluded that honey production is a very profitable venture with numerous uses and health benefits and venturing youths into honey production as a source of livelihood should be encouraged, and extension education should be tailored to technologies in beekeeping and the identification of genuine honey to minimize the success of adulteration, among others. © The Author(s) 2024
THE HEALTH AND ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF HONEY PRODUCTION IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA
EFFECTS OF DIETARY PROTEIN CONTENT ON THE PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF UNSELECTED RABBIT DOES AND THEIR LITTERS DURING FIRST TWO LACTATIONS (Text)
EFFECTS OF DIETARY PROTEIN CONTENT ON THE PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF UNSELECTED RABBIT DOES AND THEIR LITTERS DURING FIRST TWO LACTATIONS (Other)
HTML Summary of #1115 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECTS OF DIETARY PROTEIN CONTENT ON THE PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF UNSELECTED RABBIT DOES AND THEIR LITTERS DURING FIRST TWO LACTATIONS</epc:when>
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of different dietary protein levels on the productive performance of unselected rabbit does and their litters during their first two lactations. For this purpose, fifty-two nulliparous rabbit does, 4.5 months of age and live weight of 3115 ± 71 g, were divided into three groups (17 or 18 females per group), kept in individual cages and each group received only one of the three experimental diets. These diets were iso-energetic (10.8 MJ DE/kg), but with increasing levels of crude protein (CP): 15, 17 and 19 for the low (L), medium (M) or high (H) diets, respectively. Breeding was carried out by natural copulation using 6 males of 5–6 months of age and 2865±21 g initial weight, controlled semi-intensive lactation and weaning at 35 days after birth. Female body weight, feed intake, milk production, litter size and weight were monitored at birth and weekly after parturition during the first two lactations. The protein intake of the rabbits increased with the amount of protein in the diet (L vs. M: +12.2; L vs. H: +18.8; p < 0.001), without any effect on milk production and feed intake. Milk production was unaffected by parity. Throughout the pre-weaning period, litter size and weight and maternal mortality were unaffected by dietary protein level. Dietary protein level had no effect on live weight, birth to weaning weight gain, milk production or feed intake during the first two consecutive lactations of rabbit does. © The Author(s) 2024
EFFECTS OF DIETARY PROTEIN CONTENT ON THE PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF UNSELECTED RABBIT DOES AND THEIR LITTERS DURING FIRST TWO LACTATIONS
NUTRIENT PROFILE, PROTEASE AND CELLULASE ACTIVITIES OF PROTEIN EXTRACTED FROM BLACK SOLDIER FLY (Hermetia illucens) LARVAE REARED ON VARIOUS SUBSTRATES (Text)
NUTRIENT PROFILE, PROTEASE AND CELLULASE ACTIVITIES OF PROTEIN EXTRACTED FROM BLACK SOLDIER FLY (Hermetia illucens) LARVAE REARED ON VARIOUS SUBSTRATES (Other)
HTML Summary of #1119 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">NUTRIENT PROFILE, PROTEASE AND CELLULASE ACTIVITIES OF PROTEIN EXTRACTED FROM BLACK SOLDIER FLY (Hermetia illucens) LARVAE REARED ON VARIOUS SUBSTRATES</epc:when>
The Black Soldier Fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) larvae are recognized for their ability to convert diverse organic materials into protein-rich biomass, depending on the substrate they consume. The composition of these substrates can significantly impact the nutrient profile and enzyme activities of the resulting maggot protein extract (MPE). Therefore, this exploratory research aimed to assess the nutrient content, protease, and cellulase activity of MPE obtained from BSF maggots reared on different substrates, with a specific focus on substrates A (comprising restaurant waste and rejected milk), B (layer manure), and C (kitchen waste). The results showed that maggot meal from layer manure had the highest protein content (45.36) and the lowest fat content (18.44). Amino acids in maggot meal contained high levels of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine. Lauric acids were found in maggot meal from kitchen waste (33.79), layer manure (32.18), and restaurant waste and rejected milk (22.94). Maggot meal from layer manure had the highest oleic acid content (15.13). The protein concentration of MPE from various substrates ranged from 0.56 to 0.601 mg/ml (at 60 w/v ammonium sulfate saturation) and 0.555 to 0.609 mg/ml (at 70 ammonium sulfate saturation). The protease activity of MPE from layer manure substrates exhibited optimum activity and stability in neutral to alkaline pH, with activity levels of 0.748 U/mg at pH 7.0 and pH 11.0 (at 60 w/v ammonium sulfate saturation) and 0.774 units/mg at 70 w/v ammonium sulfate saturation. The highest cellulase activity was found in MPE from kitchen waste, which remained stable at pH 5.0–11.0. In general, maggots from different substrate sources exhibited distinct nutrient profiles and enzyme activities. Protein extract from maggots grown in layer manure showed the most suitable nutrient profile for use as an alternative source of protein feed and protease enzymes. © (2024), (Scienceline Publication). All rights reserved.
NUTRIENT PROFILE, PROTEASE AND CELLULASE ACTIVITIES OF PROTEIN EXTRACTED FROM BLACK SOLDIER FLY (Hermetia illucens) LARVAE REARED ON VARIOUS SUBSTRATES
Survey on Dermatological Disorders of Dogs during 2020–2022 in Rabat, Morocco (Text)
Survey on Dermatological Disorders of Dogs during 2020–2022 in Rabat, Morocco (Other)
HTML Summary of #1174 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Survey on Dermatological Disorders of Dogs during 2020–2022 in Rabat, Morocco</epc:when>
Dermatology is an important specialty in veterinary medicine, focusing on the skin and its appendages. Therefore, the present study highlighted the percentage of skin disorders, as well as their associated risk factors, from cases received at the Parasitology-Dermatology clinic of the Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (IAV Hassan II), Rabat, Morocco for two years. A total of 1561 dogs (1450 dogs were in 28 different pure breeds and 111 dogs were mongrels, 805 males, and 756 females, with an average age of 6.5 years old) were presented at the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (UVTH) of the IAV Hassan II from the end of October 2020 to the end of May 2022 (including vaccinations) and 125 dogs were assessed and 161 skin diseases were found (a few dogs had more than one skin disease). Dermatological examinations represented an average of 8.00 (125/1561) of all canine cases received at the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The most common clinical signs were pruritus, alopecia, erythema, onychogryphosis, and visible ectoparasites. Parasitic dermatoses were the most frequent, representing 44.10 of all dermatological cases, followed by allergic dermatoses (25.47) and fungal skin infections (19.25). Bacterial skin infections and dermatological manifestations of endocrine disorders were infrequent, representing 8.70 and 2.48, respectively of all observed cases. Risk factors contributing to the occurrence of canine skin disorders included age and lifestyle for sarcoptic mange. An apparent predilection for the living environment was observed in the case of canine leishmaniosis, and an apparent predilection for sex regarding otodectic mange was also demonstrated. Similar results were found for the living environment and lifestyle concerning canine atopic dermatitis. Data reported herein fill gaps in knowledge of skin disorders and their associated risk factors in dogs in Morocco, demonstrating the dominance of skin diseases of zoonotic interest, including flea bite allergy dermatitis (FBAD), dermatophytosis, and canine leishmaniosis. © The Author(s) 2024
Survey on Dermatological Disorders of Dogs during 2020–2022 in Rabat, Morocco
Effects of Salvia officinalis on Production Characteristics of Laying Hens (Text)
Effects of Salvia officinalis on Production Characteristics of Laying Hens (Other)
HTML Summary of #1232 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Salvia officinalis on Production Characteristics of Laying Hens</epc:when>
Due to the extreme importance of the poultry industry in securing animal proteins for humans, it is necessary to expand the research related to increasing egg production without resorting to antibiotics, which pose significant drawbacks. This study explored the impact of sage plant extracts, known for their bioactive compounds, on the production indicators of laying hens. Thirty chickens were randomly assigned to three groups, including a control group and two experimental groups (T1 and T2) receiving sage plant aqueous extract at 0.1% and 0.2% in their diets, respectively. The egg production percentage, egg weight percentage, percentage of daily feed consumption, feed conversion coefficient, and blood calcium concentrations were measured. The results indicated that supplementation of sage extract in the diet of the laying hens under study increased daily egg production percentage and daily egg yield significantly in group T2 (87.63%, 59.7 eggs/day) and improved average egg weight (68.23 grams) in group T1. Moreover, there was no significant difference in daily feed consumption among the tested hens. A notable reduction was also observed in the feed conversion ratio to 2.09 in group T2.
Effects of Salvia officinalis on Production Characteristics of Laying Hens
Journal of World's Poultry Research (JWPR)
HTML Summary of #1145 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Salvia officinalis on Production Characteristics of Laying Hens</epc:when>
Due to the extreme importance of the poultry industry in securing animal proteins for humans, it is necessary to expand the research related to increasing egg production without resorting to antibiotics, which pose significant drawbacks. This study explored the impact of sage plant extracts, known for their bioactive compounds, on the production indicators of laying hens. Thirty chickens were randomly assigned to three groups, including a control group and two experimental groups (T1 and T2) receiving sage plant aqueous extract at 0.1 and 0.2 in their diets, respectively. The egg production percentage, egg weight percentage, percentage of daily feed consumption, feed conversion coefficient, and blood calcium concentrations were measured. The results indicated that supplementation of sage extract in the diet of the laying hens under study increased daily egg production percentage and daily egg yield significantly in group T2 (87.63, 59.7 eggs/day) and improved average egg weight (68.23 grams) in group T1. Moreover, there was no significant difference in daily feed consumption among the tested hens. A notable reduction was also observed in the feed conversion ratio to 2.09 in group T2. © The Author(s) 2024
The Pharmacokinetics of Ceftazidime Following its Intravenous Administration in Dogs (Text)
The Pharmacokinetics of Ceftazidime Following its Intravenous Administration in Dogs (Other)
HTML Summary of #1178 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Pharmacokinetics of Ceftazidime Following its Intravenous Administration in Dogs</epc:when>
Ceftazidime is a beta-lactam that is used in the treatment of bacterial infections in humans and companion animals, such as dogs and cats. It is prescribed to treat gram-negative infections, especially those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime using a microbiological assay to evaluate the adequacy of the proposed dosage regimens for susceptible gram-negative bacteria. For this purpose, five healthy mongrel male dogs, with a mean age of four years and an average weight of 19.1 kg, were administered a single intravenous bolus dose of ceftazidime (20 mg/kg). Plasma concentrations were measured using a microbiological assay, and dosage regimens were established by integrating pharmacokinetics data with pharmacodynamics parameters. The results showed that ceftazidime was rapidly distributed to the peripheral tissues (0.189 L/kg), with a half-life of 1.15 hours and a clearance rate of 0.166 L/hr./kg. The results obtained from the pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamic integration suggested 20 mg/kg q8 hours of ceftazidime for susceptible gram-negative bacteria with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of ≤ 8 µg/ml, and 20 mg/kg q12 hours of ceftazidime for susceptible gram-negative bacteria with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of ≤ 4 µg/ml. In conclusion, a mild correlation was observed between the dogs’ weight and the ceftazidime half-life, which led to an adjustment of the proposed dosage regimen to 20 mg/kg q8 hours. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
The Pharmacokinetics of Ceftazidime Following its Intravenous Administration in Dogs
Determining the Ideal Temperature and Fermentation Duration to Enhance Crude Protein Content and Reduce Crude Fiber in Rice Bran Using Solid-State Fermentation with Aspergillus niger (USM F4) (Text)
Determining the Ideal Temperature and Fermentation Duration to Enhance Crude Protein Content and Reduce Crude Fiber in Rice Bran Using Solid-State Fermentation with Aspergillus niger (USM F4) (Other)
HTML Summary of #1175 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Determining the Ideal Temperature and Fermentation Duration to Enhance Crude Protein Content and Reduce Crude Fiber in Rice Bran Using Solid-State Fermentation with Aspergillus niger (USM F4)</epc:when>
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) offers a sustainable method for enhancing the nutritional quality of agricultural residues such as red rice bran. This study aimed to determine the optimal temperature and duration for SSF of red rice bran, focusing specifically on increasing the crude protein (CP) content and reducing the crude fiber (CF) content. SFF of rice bran with Aspergillus niger (A. niger) USM F4 was conducted over 14 consecutive days at three different temperatures (25°C, 35°C, and 45°C). A total of 63 samples of rice bran were divided into three temperature groups, each containing 21 samples. Three samples per group were collected at 48-hour intervals over the 14-day fermentation period. The fermentation process for the collected samples at 48-hour intervals was halted by oven drying at 60°C for 24 hours. The fermented products were subjected to proximate analysis for crude protein (CP), ash, ether extract (EE), and crude fiber (CF) contents using the methods outlined by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The results revealed a significant effect of temperature and fermentation duration on CP, ash, EE, and CF content when compared to the unfermented rice bran kept at room temperature (25oC). The peak values of CP and the highest degradation of CF across all temperature levels were observed on day 10 while the maximum increase in ash and EE content occurred on day 8. Among the temperature conditions, the highest CP values and the lowest CF values were recorded at 35°C. Conversely, the lowest improvements in CP and CF degradation were observed at 25°C on day 10. In conclusion, the optimal conditions for SSF of rice bran with A. niger to enhance CP content and degrade CF are a temperature of 35°C and a fermentation duration of 10 days. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
Determining the Ideal Temperature and Fermentation Duration to Enhance Crude Protein Content and Reduce Crude Fiber in Rice Bran Using Solid-State Fermentation with Aspergillus niger (USM F4)
Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Neem Leaf and Ginger Rhizome on Growth Performance and Haematological Parameters of Pure and Crossbred Chickens (Text)
Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Neem Leaf and Ginger Rhizome on Growth Performance and Haematological Parameters of Pure and Crossbred Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #1141 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Neem Leaf and Ginger Rhizome on Growth Performance and Haematological Parameters of Pure and Crossbred Chickens</epc:when>
Neem leaf and ginger rhizome contain numerous chemical components that are biologically active and are widely utilized in medications to treat various illnesses. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effect of aqueous neem leaf and ginger rhizome extracts on the growth performance and hematological parameters in the three breeds of chicken. A total of 360 one-day-old chicks from 3 genetic groups consisting of 120 Noiler chicks, 120 Heavy Ecotype chicks, and 120 main cross chicks were considered for this study. Each breed of chickens was randomly distributed into four groups, with three replications per group. Each replication consisted of eight females and two males, raised in a deep litter system. A 3×4 factorial arrangement was employed, involving four levels of plant extracts: a control group receiving the basal diet without any extract, a group receiving 200 ml of neem extract (NE200), a group receiving 200 ml of ginger extract (GE200), and a group receiving 100 ml of neem + 100 ml of ginger extract (NE100+GE100). The chickens were evaluated for growth parameters such as initial weight (IW), final weight (FW), average daily gain (ADG), average feed intake (AFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) as well as some haematological parameters such as haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), platelet (P), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Noiler chickens receiving NE100+GE100 and GE200 showed the highest final body weight and daily weight gain. The results of the haematological indices revealed that the interaction effect of genotype and plant extracts on all the treatment groups were significantly different for haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC), and platelet (P). Some haematological indices such as Hb, PCV, WBC, and platelet were better for chickens receiving GE200 and NE100+GE100 compared to NE200 and control groups. In conclusion, the interaction of GE200 and NE100+GE100 with Noiler and main cross chickens was beneficial, with no adverse effects on the physiological traits and health status of the chickens 16 weeks of age. © The Author(s) 2024
Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Neem Leaf and Ginger Rhizome on Growth Performance and Haematological Parameters of Pure and Crossbred Chickens
Antibody Response of Mice to the Bali Isolate of Canine Parvovirus Propagated in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cell Culture (Text)
Antibody Response of Mice to the Bali Isolate of Canine Parvovirus Propagated in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cell Culture (Other)
HTML Summary of #1188 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Antibody Response of Mice to the Bali Isolate of Canine Parvovirus Propagated in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cell Culture</epc:when>
Canine parvovirus (CPV) infection is still common among dogs, leading to severe disease with high mortality. The potential of a local isolate of CPV as an effective vaccine to prevent the disease warrants investigation. This study aimed to determine the antibody response in mice against a Bali isolate of CPV propagated in the Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell culture. The virus was purified using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 and mixed with an Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. Fifteen 7-week female mice were divided into three treatment groups: treatment group 1 (PEG-purified virus and Adjuvant), treatment group 2 (crude unpurified virus and adjuvant), and treatment group 3 (adjuvant without virus), with five replicates per group. The Bali isolate of CPV was successfully replicated in MDCK cells, achieving a titer of 210-211 hemagglutination (HA) units after eight serial passages through the cell culture. The virus was confirmed as CPV by immunocytochemistry test using a monoclonal antibody and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test using chicken anti-CPV polyclonal antibody. Following the first immunization, the antibody endpoint titer in mice immunized with PEG-purified CPV (5.6) was significantly higher than those immunized with crude unpurified CPV (4.2) and adjuvant without CPV (1.4). Similarly, after the second immunization, the antibody endpoint titer in mice immunized with PEG-purified CPV (7.6) also remained significantly higher than those immunized with crude unpurified CPV (6.4) and adjuvant without CPV (0.8). Significant increases in antibody endpoint titer were observed after the second immunization in mice immunized with PEG-purified CPV and crude unpurified CPV, but not in those given adjuvant without CPV. The Bali isolate of CPV propagated in MDCK cell culture induced a robust antibody response in mice, suggesting it’s a potential as an alternative vaccine candidate for preventing CPV infection in dogs. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
Antibody Response of Mice to the Bali Isolate of Canine Parvovirus Propagated in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cell Culture
How to Design a Biomonitoring Study – A Practical Guide for Veterinary Professionals under a One Health Approach (Text)
How to Design a Biomonitoring Study – A Practical Guide for Veterinary Professionals under a One Health Approach (Other)
HTML Summary of #1180 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">How to Design a Biomonitoring Study – A Practical Guide for Veterinary Professionals under a One Health Approach</epc:when>
Currently, veterinarians can see their daily practice and medical tasks as constant opportunities for passive surveillance of One Health threats, such as infectious zoonotic diseases and chemical pollution effects on living beings. The present study aimed to provide a practical guide to designing a biomonitoring study during veterinary clinical practice without time-consuming procedures or significant costs. The constant access to several species’ specimens provides the necessary samples to perform a biomonitoring study of environmental pollutants at the regional or national level. Generally, most health professionals know what to do (or where to find information) to report a disease outbreak. However, a summarized background to perform a biomonitoring study of a chemical hazard is missing. The authors of the current study provided a flow chart with the main steps to conduct a biomonitoring study in different fields of veterinary medicine. Thus, a biomonitoring study might give veterinarians (as other health professionals) a positive contribution to the clinical cases’ resolution, while improving the general knowledge about the impact of environmental contamination on animals and human health. © The Author(s) 2024
How to Design a Biomonitoring Study – A Practical Guide for Veterinary Professionals under a One Health Approach
Estimation of Water Demand for the Rural Population in the Angolan Part of the Iishana System (Text)
Estimation of Water Demand for the Rural Population in the Angolan Part of the Iishana System (Other)
HTML Summary of #1337 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Estimation of Water Demand for the Rural Population in the Angolan Part of the Iishana System</epc:when>
The Iishana is a shallow, low-slope channel system located in the Cuvelai basin (Southern Angola and Northern Namibia), characterised by drought and flood cycles due to erratic climate variability. The knowledge gap regarding the actual water needs in the area, the number of residents within the system, the seasonal influence of cattle migration, and poor socio-economic conditions, make the population even more vulnerable to droughts. The main objective of this study is to estimate the water demand by the rural population on the Angolan side of the Iishana system, attempting to fill the knowledge gap. To reach the demand estimates, a mathematical procedure within a GIS environment was used, in QGIS 3.32.2 software, relating population gridded and meteorological data to make the necessary calculations. In 2023, it estimated consumption for intake and personal hygiene of 4.7 Mm3, 6.3 Mm3 for 2033, 8.4 Mm3 for 2043 and 11.3 Mm3/year for 2053. In recent years there have been rainfall records throughout the Iishana system, at an average of 518 mm/annum, but high temperatures accelerate water evaporation. Due to the topographical conditions, the waters are drained by gravity to the south of the basin (Republic of Namibia), causing a greater shortage in the dry season on the Angolan side, the study targets the estimation of water demand and the concept of rainwater harvest and sustainable water infrastructure to supply safe drinking water to equalise water demand and reduce vulnerability to climate change. These early findings may provide a basis for developing sustainable water infrastructure and use plans to improve the livelihoods of the resident population within the basin.
Estimation of Water Demand for the Rural Population in the Angolan Part of the Iishana System
Geotechnical Innovations for Seismic-Resistant Urban Infrastructure (Text)
Geotechnical Innovations for Seismic-Resistant Urban Infrastructure (Other)
HTML Summary of #1339 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Geotechnical Innovations for Seismic-Resistant Urban Infrastructure</epc:when>
As urban areas continue to expand into seismically active regions, the imperative for developing earthquake-resistant infrastructure has never been greater. This paper presents a comprehensive examination of innovative geotechnical engineering solutions aimed at enhancing the resilience of urban infrastructure against seismic threats. It explores cutting-edge approaches including advanced base isolation techniques, soil liquefaction mitigation strategies, and the incorporation of shape memory alloys (SMAs) in foundation systems. Through detailed case studies, such as the Tokyo Skytree, Christchurch's soil stabilization projects, and the San Francisco Bay Bridge retrofit, the effectiveness, adaptability, and sustainability of these solutions are demonstrated. The paper conducts a comparative analysis of these technologies based on cost, implementation feasibility, and seismic mitigation effectiveness, and assesses their sustainability in the context of urban development. Despite facing challenges such as high initial costs and the need for specialized expertise, the potential of these technologies to significantly improve the safety and sustainability of urban environments is clear. The study concludes with a call for continued innovation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and proactive policymaking to foster the widespread adoption of these critical advancements. This research not only contributes to the academic field but also provides practical insights for engineers, urban planners, and policymakers striving to build more resilient cities in the face of increasing seismic risks.
Geotechnical Innovations for Seismic-Resistant Urban Infrastructure
The Effects of Acute Oral Toxicity of Jatropha multifida and Hyptis suaveolens on Zootechnical Parameters in Local Chickens (Text)
The Effects of Acute Oral Toxicity of Jatropha multifida and Hyptis suaveolens on Zootechnical Parameters in Local Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #1241 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effects of Acute Oral Toxicity of Jatropha multifida and Hyptis suaveolens on Zootechnical Parameters in Local Chickens</epc:when>
The substantial use of medicinal plants in traditional poultry farming is a well-established practice. The present study aimed to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of ethanolic extracts of Jatropha multifida and Hyptis suaveolens in local chickens and to assess the effects of these extracts on feed intake, water intake, and average body weight. The methodology followed OECD Directive 223, which involves administering the highest dose of the extract to the chickens and assessing any mortality. Three homogeneous groups of five chickens each were formed for the limit dose test. The control group received distilled water, while batches 1 and 2 received 700 mg of ethanolic extract of J. multifida and H. suaveolens, respectively. The average body weight of the chickens was 350g ± 20, and the extracts were administered via gavage at a suspension of 2000 mg/kg.bwt of the extract dissolved in water. The results of the phytochemical tests indicated the presence of several chemical compounds known for their therapeutic effects. The productivity of the extract was 2.75 ± 0.19 for J. multifida and 3.3 ± 0.27 for H. suaveolens. After administration of the suspensions, observation for 14 days revealed no mortality. This finding indicated that the LD50 of the utilized ethanolic extracts exceeds the limit dose (2000 mg/kg.bwt). However, feed intake (49 ± 3 > 46±4) and average body weight (436 ± 31 > 388 ± 37) in batch 2 were significantly higher than those in batch 1. Future research should explore the subacute toxicity of J. multifida and H. suaveolens across various chicken breeds.
The Effects of Acute Oral Toxicity of Jatropha multifida and Hyptis suaveolens on Zootechnical Parameters in Local Chickens
Identification of Genetic Diversity of Taro White Cattle Using Microsatellite DNA Markers (Text)
Identification of Genetic Diversity of Taro White Cattle Using Microsatellite DNA Markers (Other)
HTML Summary of #1179 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Identification of Genetic Diversity of Taro White Cattle Using Microsatellite DNA Markers</epc:when>
Taro white cattle have a small population found in Taro Village, Tegalalang, and Gianyar, Bali, which must be protected as one of the most valuable biological resources for the Hindu community in Bali. White cattle require conservation efforts, with morphometric characterization and genetics providing the first phases of an animal conservation program. The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic diversity of Taro white cattle based on allele frequency, heterozygosity, and fixation index (FIT) using different microsatellite DNA loci so that it can be used as a study and reference in determining policies for the conservation of Taro white cattle in Indonesia, particularly in Bali. This cross-sectional observational study utilized ETH 185, INRA 035, and INRA 037 microsatellite DNA markers. Polymerase chain reaction amplified a total of 22 Taro white cattle blood samples with an average of 4.33 alleles; the average observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 0.288 and 0.637, respectively, with an average fixation index value of 0.55. In conclusion, there is a significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with the likelihood of inbreeding, as indicated by the Hardy-Weinberg balance. The microsatellite loci used in this study can be further used to evaluate the genetic diversity of Taro white cattle. © The Author(s) 2024
Identification of Genetic Diversity of Taro White Cattle Using Microsatellite DNA Markers
HTML Summary of #1242 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Butylated Hydroxytoluene and Sorbitol as Diluent Components on Structural and Surface Ultrastructural Changes of Gaga Chicken Sperm During Cryopreservation</epc:when>
The Gaga chicken is an indigenous Indonesian breed that is important to preserve using semen cryopreservation technology. The study was conducted to determine the effect of adding sorbitol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in the diluent on the structural and surface ultrastructure of cryopreserved Gaga chicken sperm during cryopreservation /frozen storage. The study aimed to assess how adding sorbitol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) to the diluent affects the structure and surface ultrastructure of cryopreserved Gaga chicken sperm. A completely randomized design was employed with four treatments and 10 replications including egg yolk-lactate ringer diluent (EYLR) as the control group, EYLR diluent with 3 mM BHT, EYLR diluent with 2% sorbitol, and EYLR diluent with both 3 mM BHT and 2% sorbitol. Semen was collected using a massage technique from 4 male chickens aged approximately 10 months, pooled semen was diluted, packaged in 0.25 mL straws, equilibrated for 2 hours at 5 °C, pre-freeze for 10 minutes, frozen for 24 hours, and thawed for 30 seconds at 37 °C. The parameters evaluated were sperm plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, DNA damage, mitochondrial functionality, and surface ultrastructure. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect on plasma membrane integrity and post-thawing mitochondrial functionality compared to the control, but no effect was observed on acrosome integrity or DNA damage. The results showed that the combination treatment of BHT with sorbitol had a significant effect on plasma membrane integrity and post-thawing mitochondrial function, but did not affect acrosome integrity or DNA damage when compared to the control group. Ultrastructural observations indicated that cryopreservation caused damage to the head, middle, and tail of the sperm in the control groups. However, these changes were prevented by the diluent containing a combination of BHT and sorbitol. The addition of both components (BHT 3 mM + sorbitol 2%) effectively maintained plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial functionality, and surface ultrastructure of Gaga chicken sperm during cryopreservation.
Investigation into the Source of Self-Hardening of Calcrete (Text)
Investigation into the Source of Self-Hardening of Calcrete (Other)
HTML Summary of #1338 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Investigation into the Source of Self-Hardening of Calcrete</epc:when>
Calcrete has been used as road construction material in Botswana for a very long time even though it is classified as marginal or sub-standard material (AFCAP/MOZ/091, 2012). Some calcrete has proved to perform exceptionally well past the road design life and this has been attributed to a property termed self-stabilisation. However, the science behind self-stabilization of some calcrete deposit is not yet fully understood. Accordingly, this paper presents preliminary results of an investigation undertaken to determine the sources of self-stabilization of calcrete deposits. Calcrete samples were collected from borrow pits along Francistown – Nata road. The samples were subjected to a series of laboratory tests including soil indicator tests, standard California Bearing Ratio, California Bearing Ratio following wetting and drying cycles, Compaction, Petrification Degree, X-ray fluorescence and X-Ray Diffraction for types of minerals present. Preliminary results indicate that calcrete would only have potential for self-stabilisation if it can absorb an amount of water equal to its volume of voids. This allows the solution and deposition of orthoclase minerals to take place. It is concluded that self stabilisation depicted by some calcrete is attributed to their unique mineralogical composition of orthoclase.
Investigation into the Source of Self-Hardening of Calcrete
HTML Summary of #1251 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Amelioration Potency of a Nano-Therapeutic Drug in Rats with Uninephrectomy and Cisplatin-induced Toxicity</epc:when>
While physicians describe drugs to treat diseases, these medications may have cytotoxic effects on certain organs, necessitating the use of some drugs to ameliorate such adverse effects. The study was conducted to investigate the protective behavior of nanoemulsified sodium salicylate on uninephrectomized rats injected with cisplatin to induce nephrotoxicity. Fifty adult male albino rats, aged five weeks and weighing approximately 100-120 g, were divided into five groups. The first group received 200 mg/kg/day i.p normal saline for 30 days. The second group was administrated 200 mg/kg/day of nanoemulsified salt of salicylic acid for 30 days. The third group, comprising uninephrectomized rats, was injected with two doses of cisplatin (20 mg/kg body weight) on alternate days from the start of the experiment to induce nephrotoxicity. The fourth group, also uninephrectomized, received 200 mg/kg/day i.p of nanoemulsified sodium salicylate for 30 days. The fifth group, uninephrectomized and treated with 200 mg/kg/day sodium salicylate nanoemlusion for 21 days, was subsequently injected with two doses of cisplatin, followed by continued nanoemulsified sodium salicylate treatment until day 30 from the start of the study. The results showed a significant increase in tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), Hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialdehyde, kidney injury molecule -1(KIM-1), and nitric oxide in the nephrotoxic group injected with cisplatin compared to the control group. Additionally, there was an elevation in the mRNA expression of nephrotoxic group with uninephrectomy. However, nephrotoxic rats treated with nanoemulsified sodium salicylate exhibited only a modest increase in TIMP-1, HA, and KIM-1 levels, along with elevated expressions of podocin and nephrin compared to the healthy control group. These findings suggest that nanoemulsified sodium salicylate exerts a protective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in uninephrectomized.
Biosecurity Compliance and Its Applications in Poultry Production Sectors (Text)
Biosecurity Compliance and Its Applications in Poultry Production Sectors (Other)
HTML Summary of #1142 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Biosecurity Compliance and Its Applications in Poultry Production Sectors</epc:when>
Poultry farming has been recognized as one of the most vital sectors for the economy and revenue generation in many countries. For the production of high-quality freshly hatched chicks, effective cleaning and sanitation of the hatchery environment and hatching eggs were crucial components of proper management and hygiene in chicken hatcheries. The current review aimed to assess the efficient ways of mitigating the risk of disease introduction (external biosecurity) and its subsequent dissemination (internal biosecurity) within and between poultry farms and hatcheries. In addition to identifying the variety of risk categories that are applied to various biosecurity industries, this article clarified the equivalent tools, including checklists and/or questionnaires, that can be used to assess biosecurity compliance. The checklist was aimed to evaluate numerous biosecurity protocol categories, including the farm’s infrastructure, employees, their education and training, access control mechanisms, cleaning and disinfection procedures, handling of litter and waste, chick control, registrations, and pest management. In conclusion, external biosecurity was critical to preventing infections from entering hatcheries and poultry farms. Questionnaires or checklists were effective instruments for gathering information on biosecurity and evaluating compliance in poultry farms. © The Author(s) 2024
Biosecurity Compliance and Its Applications in Poultry Production Sectors
HTML Summary of #1235 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Biosecurity Compliance and Its Applications in Poultry Production Sectors</epc:when>
Poultry farming has been recognized as one of the most vital sectors for the economy and revenue generation in many countries. For the production of high-quality freshly hatched chicks, effective cleaning and sanitation of the hatchery environment and hatching eggs were crucial components of proper management and hygiene in chicken hatcheries. The current review aimed to assess the efficient ways of mitigating the risk of disease introduction (external biosecurity) and its subsequent dissemination (internal biosecurity) within and between poultry farms and hatcheries. In addition to identifying the variety of risk categories that are applied to various biosecurity industries, this article clarified the equivalent tools, including checklists and/or questionnaires, that can be used to assess biosecurity compliance. The checklist was aimed to evaluate numerous biosecurity protocol categories, including the farm's infrastructure, employees, their education and training, access control mechanisms, cleaning and disinfection procedures, handling of litter and waste, chick control, registrations, and pest management. In conclusion, external biosecurity was critical to preventing infections from entering hatcheries and poultry farms. Questionnaires or checklists were effective instruments for gathering information on biosecurity and evaluating compliance in poultry farms.
Carcass Characteristics and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Cobb-500 and Hubbard Chicken Strains Fed on Commercial and Farm-Formulated Diets (Text)
Carcass Characteristics and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Cobb-500 and Hubbard Chicken Strains Fed on Commercial and Farm-Formulated Diets (Other)
HTML Summary of #1146 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Carcass Characteristics and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Cobb-500 and Hubbard Chicken Strains Fed on Commercial and Farm-Formulated Diets</epc:when>
The limits of commercial diets, their quality, and their rising costs are some of the major challenges to broiler production in Ethiopia. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate carcass yield characteristics and blood biochemical parameters of Cobb-500 and Hubbard chicken strains fed on farm-formulated diets (T1) and three different commercial diets (T2, T3, and T4). A total of 384 mixed-sex day-old chicks (192 per strain) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with four replicates, each consisting of 12 broilers. The experiment was set up as a 2 × 4 factorial design, providing each strain with four diets in a completely randomized design. After 42 days of the experiment, one male and one female of each strain from each pen (eight birds per treatment) were slaughtered for carcass yield and hematological analysis. Although diets had a significant impact on live body weight, feed conversion ratio, and feed consumption among the study treatments, they had no significant effect on the mortality rate of the broilers as a whole. There was a significant effect of strains on the weight of eviscerate, dress, thigh, drumstick, breast, neck, back, and eviscerate yield percentage, with Cobb 500 showing higher values than Hubbard broilers. The farm-formulated diet (T1) significantly increased the weight of non-edible offal compared to the commercial diets, except for the weight of crops and lungs, which were similar to those in commercial diet group T4. The Hubbard strain showed a higher least square mean for packed cell volume than the Cobb-500 strain. Sex was found to have no significant impact on the hematological parameters. The farm-formulated diet (T1) also resulted in a higher marginal return rate than that of the commercial diet (T3) in the Cobb-500 strain. These findings suggest that locally sourced farm-formulated diets could be a viable alternative to commercial diets for broiler chickens in the study area. © The Author(s) 2024
Carcass Characteristics and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Cobb-500 and Hubbard Chicken Strains Fed on Commercial and Farm-Formulated Diets
HTML Summary of #1234 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Carcass Characteristics and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Cobb-500 and Hubbard Chicken Strains Fed on Commercial and Farm-Formulated Diets</epc:when>
The limits of commercial diets, their quality, and their rising costs are some of the major challenges to broiler production in Ethiopia. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate carcass yield characteristics and blood biochemical parameters of Cobb-500 and Hubbard chicken strains fed on farm-formulated diets (T1) and three different commercial diets (T2, T3, and T4). A total of 384 mixed-sex day-old chicks (192 per strain) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with four replicates, each consisting of 12 broilers. The experiment was set up as a 2 × 4 factorial design, providing each strain with four diets in a completely randomized design. After 42 days of the experiment, one male and one female of each strain from each pen (eight birds per treatment) were slaughtered for carcass yield and hematological analysis. Although diets had a significant impact on live body weight, feed conversion ratio, and feed consumption among the study treatments, they had no significant effect on the mortality rate of the broilers as a whole. There was a significant effect of strains on the weight of eviscerate, dress, thigh, drumstick, breast, neck, back, and eviscerate yield percentage, with Cobb 500 showing higher values than Hubbard broilers. The farm-formulated diet (T1) significantly increased the weight of non-edible offal compared to the commercial diets, except for the weight of crops and lungs, which were similar to those in commercial diet group T4. The Hubbard strain showed a higher least square mean for packed cell volume than the Cobb-500 strain. Sex was found to have no significant impact on the hematological parameters. The farm-formulated diet (T1) also resulted in a higher marginal return rate than that of the commercial diet (T3) in the Cobb-500 strain. These findings suggest that locally sourced farm-formulated diets could be a viable alternative to commercial diets for broiler chickens in the study area.
HTML Summary of #1230 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Neem Leaf and Ginger Rhizome on Growth Performance and Haematological Parameters of Pure and Crossbred Chickens</epc:when>
Neem leaf and ginger rhizome contain numerous chemical components that are biologically active and are widely utilized in medications to treat various illnesses. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effect of aqueous neem leaf and ginger rhizome extracts on the growth performance and hematological parameters in the three breeds of chicken. A total of 360 one-day-old chicks from 3 genetic groups consisting of 120 Noiler chicks, 120 Heavy Ecotype chicks, and 120 main cross chicks were considered for this study. Each breed of chickens was randomly distributed into four groups, with three replications per group. Each replication consisted of eight females and two males, raised in a deep litter system. A 3×4 factorial arrangement was employed, involving four levels of plant extracts: a control group receiving the basal diet without any extract, a group receiving 200 ml of neem extract (NE200), a group receiving 200 ml of ginger extract (GE200), and a group receiving 100 ml of neem + 100 ml of ginger extract (NE100+GE100). The chickens were evaluated for growth parameters such as initial weight (IW), final weight (FW), average daily gain (ADG), average feed intake (AFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) as well as some haematological parameters such as haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), platelet (P), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Noiler chickens receiving NE100+GE100 and GE200 showed the highest final body weight and daily weight gain. The results of the haematological indices revealed that the interaction effect of genotype and plant extracts on all the treatment groups were significantly different for haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC), and platelet (P). Some haematological indices such as Hb, PCV, WBC, and platelet were better for chickens receiving GE200 and NE100+GE100 compared to NE200 and control groups. In conclusion, the interaction of GE200 and NE100+GE100 with Noiler and main cross chickens was beneficial, with no adverse effects on the physiological traits and health status of the chickens 16 weeks of age.
Efficacy of Avocado Oil Cream in Wound Repair: Macroscopic Analysis, Inflammatory Cells Count, and Collagen Density (Text)
Efficacy of Avocado Oil Cream in Wound Repair: Macroscopic Analysis, Inflammatory Cells Count, and Collagen Density (Other)
HTML Summary of #1190 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Efficacy of Avocado Oil Cream in Wound Repair: Macroscopic Analysis, Inflammatory Cells Count, and Collagen Density</epc:when>
The wound healing process goes through a series of complex stages that are mutually continuous, namely inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. Following wound formation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors, inflammation occurs immediately after the hemostasis phase. Proliferation occurs when products processed by the growth factors are present. The final stage, maturation, is portrayed by the plan of the extracellular network. This study utilized oil from avocado fruit (Persea americana), which contains linoleic and oleic acid content that supports skin tissue repair. The study aimed to explore the effects of using avocado oil cream on the area of wound healing, the number of inflammatory cells, and the collagen density. Twenty-four female mice, aged eight weeks, were used as experimental animals by making excision wounds using a 4 mm biopsy punch on the dorsal skin on the left and right sides. The mice were divided into four groups based on the percentage of avocado oil in the topical cream included Group K (control, topical cream without avocado oil), Group P1 (5 topical avocado oil cream), Group P2 (10 topical avocado oil cream), and Group P3 (15 topical avocado oil cream). Macroscopic examination of the wounds was conducted daily on days 3, 6, and 9 after topical cream treatment using a digital caliper. A total of 48 skin tissue samples were collected from days 3, 6, and 9 after cream application, which were then processed for histopathology evaluations using hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson's Trichrome staining. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to count the inflammatory cells, and Masson's Trichrome staining was employed to assess collagen density. The results revealed that avocado oil had a great impact on wound closure after 9 days of 15 avocado oil cream treatment, reducing the inflammatory cells after 3-6 days of 10 avocado oil cream therapy, and increasing collagen density after 9 days of 15 avocado oil cream application, as compared to the control, non-avocado oil cream group. Avocado oil can help close wounds, reduced the number of inflammatory cells, and increased collagen density when used in topical pharmaceutical formulations. Avocado oil cream may, therefore, be considered a viable option for wound repair treatment. © The Author(s) 2024.
Efficacy of Avocado Oil Cream in Wound Repair: Macroscopic Analysis, Inflammatory Cells Count, and Collagen Density
Effects of Two Types of Estrogen on the Follicular Wave for in Vivo Oocyte Collection in Brown Swiss Cows (Text)
Effects of Two Types of Estrogen on the Follicular Wave for in Vivo Oocyte Collection in Brown Swiss Cows (Other)
HTML Summary of #1189 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Two Types of Estrogen on the Follicular Wave for in Vivo Oocyte Collection in Brown Swiss Cows</epc:when>
The manipulation of follicular waves through hormonal treatments, such as estrogen administration, plays a crucial role in optimizing in-vivo oocyte collection for assisted reproductive technologies. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of two specific types of estrogen on follicular wave dynamics and their impact on in-vivo oocyte collection in Brown Swiss cows. Fourteen cows, in their first lactation, weighing approximately 340 kg were randomly assigned to one of two treatments including T1 (estradiol cypionate) and T2 (estradiol benzoate). Both treatments were administered at 1.2 mg of estrogen, at day 0 of the experiment. All Brown Swiss cows were provided with a diet entirely consisting of alfalfa grazing. On day 7, follicular wave dynamics were assessed using a DP-50 vet ultrasound device equipped with a 7.5 MHz transducer for transvaginal follicular aspiration guidance. Follicle counts were categorized into three size ranges including 2-4 mm (small), 4-8 mm (medium), and greater than 8 mm (large). Additionally, the quantity and quality (viable oocytes) of the collected oocytes were evaluated by the Ovum Pick Up (OPU) team for oocyte viability on day 7. The study assessed the follicular dynamics (number of follicles) and efficiency of oocyte collection (viable oocytes) in cows treated with Estradiol Cypionate (T1) and Estradiol Benzoate (T2). The average number of small, medium-sized, and large follicles size were 6.048 ± 6.037, 3.16 ± 2.01, and 0.53 ± 0.67 respectively. The total number of follicles was 9.59 ± 3.56. The mean number of viable oocytes recovered was 3.024 ± 1.66, while the mean number of non-viable oocytes was 1.47 ± 1.01. The results indicated no significant differences between treatments in the size of small, medium, and large follicles, nor in the total number of follicles and viable oocytes recovered. However, a significant difference was observed in the number of non-viable oocytes recovered, with a higher mean in T2 (1.86) compared to T1 (1.09). The results indicated an adequate follicular response and viable oocyte recovery in both treatment groups (estradiol cypionate and estradiol benzoate). However, variations in oocyte viability were observed, with estradiol cypionate showing a slight advantage. © 2024 © The Author(s) 2024
Effects of Two Types of Estrogen on the Follicular Wave for in Vivo Oocyte Collection in Brown Swiss Cows
Effect of Aloe vera Gel and Sodium Metabisulphite on Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor in Incision Wound of Rats (Text)
Effect of Aloe vera Gel and Sodium Metabisulphite on Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor in Incision Wound of Rats (Other)
HTML Summary of #1182 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Aloe vera Gel and Sodium Metabisulphite on Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor in Incision Wound of Rats</epc:when>
An incision wound is a wound caused by being sliced. Two ingredients that play a key role in the wound-healing process are glucomannan and acemannan, which are rich in polysaccharides and growth hormones. Growth hormones stimulate fibroblast activity and proliferation. The present study involved 35 Sprague Dawley male rats, aged 2–3 months old and weighing 200–300 grams. The study comprised seven groups including, negative control group (G1), positive control (aquades, G2), betadine 10 (G3), gel base (0.5 mg, G4), gel base + sodium metabisulfite 0.2 gr (G5), gel base + Aloe vera 5 (G6), and gel base + Aloe vera 5 + sodium metabisulfite 0.2 gr (G7). Each group had five replications. Initially, a 4-cm incision was made on the dorsal skin of each rat. The study lasted 15 days with observations made on days 3, 7, and 15. After the observation period, the rats were anesthetized and then terminated to collect skin tissues for microscopic examination. The tissue samples were then stained immunohistochemically to assess fibroblast growth factor (FGF) expressions. The results showed that the highest FGF expression was observed in the 5 Aloe vera + 2 metabisulfite group (G7), while the lowest FGF expression was in the negative control group (G1). It is concluded that Aloe vera L. extract gel at 5 + 2 metabisulfite (G7) significantly enhances the expression of FGF. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
Effect of Aloe vera Gel and Sodium Metabisulphite on Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor in Incision Wound of Rats
HTML Summary of #1183 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effects of Acute Oral Toxicity of Jatropha multifida and Hyptis suaveolens on Zootechnical Parameters in Local Chickens</epc:when>
The substantial use of medicinal plants in traditional poultry farming is a well-established practice. The present study aimed to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of ethanolic extracts of Jatropha multifida and Hyptis suaveolens in local chickens and to assess the effects of these extracts on feed intake, water intake, and average body weight. The methodology followed OECD Directive 223, which involves administering the highest dose of the extract to the chickens and assessing any mortality. Three homogeneous groups of five chickens each were formed for the limit dose test. The control group received distilled water, while batches 1 and 2 received 700 mg of ethanolic extract of J. multifida and H. suaveolens, respectively. The average body weight of the chickens was 350g ± 20, and the extracts were administered via gavage at a suspension of 2000 mg/kg.bwt of the extract dissolved in water. The results of the phytochemical tests indicated the presence of several chemical compounds known for their therapeutic effects. The productivity of the extract was 2.75 ± 0.19 for J. multifida and 3.3 ± 0.27 for H. suaveolens. After administration of the suspensions, observation for 14 days revealed no mortality. This finding indicated that the LD50 of the utilized ethanolic extracts exceeds the limit dose (2000 mg/kg.bwt). However, feed intake (49 ± 3 > 46±4) and average body weight (436 ± 31 > 388 ± 37) in batch 2 were significantly higher than those in batch 1. Future research should explore the subacute toxicity of J. multifida and H. suaveolens across various chicken breeds. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
Identification and Antibiotic Resistance of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Infected Layer Chickens in West Java, Indonesia (Text)
Identification and Antibiotic Resistance of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Infected Layer Chickens in West Java, Indonesia (Other)
HTML Summary of #1144 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Identification and Antibiotic Resistance of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Infected Layer Chickens in West Java, Indonesia</epc:when>
Bacterial infections, such as those caused by Pasteurella multocida serotype A, pose significant threats to poultry farming. The use of antibiotics to treat these infections can lead to antibiotic resistance. The present study aimed to identify Pasteurella multocida from 14 Hisex Brown layer chicken hen farms, with chikens aged 25–55 weeks, in West Java, Indonesia, and to evaluate their resistance to various antibiotics. Three samples from each farm were collected from dead chickens having symptoms of fowl cholera. Initially, the study involved isolating and identifying isolates from liver, heart, and lung organs via polymerase chain reaction. The colony was then tested for antibiotic resistance using the disk diffusion method. The results showed that 13 samples were Pasteurella multocida and nine were serotype A. The test results also indicated that all isolates were resistant to colistin (10 µg) and sensitive to tetracycline (30 µg), amoxicillin (25 µg), enrofloxacin (5 µg), sulfamethoxazole (25 µg), lincomycin (109 µg), and ciprofloxacin (5 µg). The study concluded that none of the Pasteurella multocida type A isolates were any longer sensitive to colistin, with some isolates still sensitive to tetracycline, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, lincomycin, and ciprofloxacin, and two isolates showing multidrug resistance patterns. © The Author(s) 2024
Identification and Antibiotic Resistance of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Infected Layer Chickens in West Java, Indonesia
HTML Summary of #1231 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Identification and Antibiotic Resistance of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Infected Layer Chickens in West Java, Indonesia</epc:when>
Bacterial infections, such as those caused by Pasteurella multocida serotype A, pose significant threats to poultry farming. The use of antibiotics to treat these infections can lead to antibiotic resistance. The present study aimed to identify Pasteurella multocida from 14 Hisex Brown layer chicken hen farms, with chikens aged 25-55 weeks, in West Java, Indonesia, and to evaluate their resistance to various antibiotics. Three samples from each farm were collected from dead chickens having symptoms of fowl cholera. Initially, the study involved isolating and identifying isolates from liver, heart, and lung organs via polymerase chain reaction. The colony was then tested for antibiotic resistance using the disk diffusion method. The results showed that 13 samples were Pasteurella multocida and nine were serotype A. The test results also indicated that all isolates were resistant to colistin (10 µg) and sensitive to tetracycline (30 µg), amoxicillin (25 µg), enrofloxacin (5 µg), sulfamethoxazole (25 µg), lincomycin (109 µg), and ciprofloxacin (5 µg). The study concluded that none of the Pasteurella multocida type A isolates were any longer sensitive to colistin, with some isolates still sensitive to tetracycline, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, lincomycin, and ciprofloxacin, and two isolates showing multidrug resistance patterns.
Effects of Thermal Manipulation During the Second Half of Incubation on Embryo Physiology, Hatching Parameters, and Quality of Broiler Chickens in Tropical Climate of Togo (Text)
Effects of Thermal Manipulation During the Second Half of Incubation on Embryo Physiology, Hatching Parameters, and Quality of Broiler Chickens in Tropical Climate of Togo (Other)
HTML Summary of #1140 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Thermal Manipulation During the Second Half of Incubation on Embryo Physiology, Hatching Parameters, and Quality of Broiler Chickens in Tropical Climate of Togo</epc:when>
Chickens are sensitive to environmental challenges caused by temperature. The current study aimed to determine the effects of heat manipulation during embryonic development on the physiological responses of Goliath chickens. A total of 2000 hatching eggs from 48-week-old breeders were weighed, numbered, and randomly distributed equally into 4 incubators. Each incubator received 500 eggs (4 replicates of 125 eggs each). Eggs in two of the incubators were rotated hourly at a 45° angle and maintained at 37.8°C and 60 relative humidity (T0 groups). Between embryonic days (ED) 10 and 18 of incubation, the eggs from the other two incubators were heated to 38.5°C for 6 hours per day (T1 groups). The eggs were reweighed and candled, and viable eggs were moved to the hatching baskets at ED 18 of incubation. Hatching eggs were examined individually for hatching events every three hours during the final three days of incubation. On day 21, blood samples were collected from 12 chicks per group for hormonal and biochemical analyses. The evaluated blood parameters included Triiodothyronine (T3), T4 (thyroxine), cortisol, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, and total protein. At hatch, chicks were weighed and their quality (survival after hatching and performance standards) was evaluated. Data were collected on embryonic development, hatching window, hatching events, biochemical parameters, and hormonal concentrations. Results indicated that hatchability, chick’s weight, Triiodothyronine, and corticosterone were higher in the T1 group, compared to the control group. At hatch on day 21, the pipping muscle of chicks in the treated group (T1) was significantly heavier than that of the control group, while the embryonic mortality rate was significantly higher in the T0 group. In conclusion, applying heat treatment for 6 hours at 38.5°C from ED10-ED18 of embryogenesis increased significantly the hatching rate, the pipping muscle, and the chick’s weight in this study. © The Author(s) 2024
Effects of Thermal Manipulation During the Second Half of Incubation on Embryo Physiology, Hatching Parameters, and Quality of Broiler Chickens in Tropical Climate of Togo
HTML Summary of #1227 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Thermal Manipulation During the Second Half of Incubation on Embryo Physiology, Hatching Parameters, and Quality of Broiler Chickens in Tropical Climate of Togo</epc:when>
Chickens are sensitive to environmental challenges caused by temperature. The current study aimed to determine the effects of heat manipulation during embryonic development on the physiological responses of Goliath chickens. A total of 2000 hatching eggs from 48-week-old breeders were weighed, numbered, and randomly distributed equally into 4 incubators. Each incubator received 500 eggs (4 replicates of 125 eggs each). Eggs in two of the incubators were rotated hourly at a 45° angle and maintained at 37.8°C and 60% relative humidity (T0 groups). Between embryonic days (ED) 10 and 18 of incubation, the eggs from the other two incubators were heated to 38.5°C for 6 hours per day (T1 groups). The eggs were reweighed and candled, and viable eggs were moved to the hatching baskets at ED 18 of incubation. Hatching eggs were examined individually for hatching events every three hours during the final three days of incubation. On day 21, blood samples were collected from 12 chicks per group for hormonal and biochemical analyses. The evaluated blood parameters included Triiodothyronine (T3), T4 (thyroxine), cortisol, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, and total protein. At hatch, chicks were weighed and their quality (survival after hatching and performance standards) was evaluated. Data were collected on embryonic development, hatching window, hatching events, biochemical parameters, and hormonal concentrations. Results indicated that hatchability, chick’s weight, Tri-iodothyronine, and corticosterone were higher in the T1 group, compared to the control group. At hatch on day 21, the pipping muscle of chicks in the treated group (T1) was significantly heavier than that of the control group, while the embryonic mortality rate was significantly higher in the T0 group. In conclusion, applying heat treatment for 6 hours at 38.5°C from ED10-ED18 of embryogenesis increased significantly the hatching rate, the pipping muscle, and the chick’s weight in this study.
Multidrug Resistance in Stray Cats of The North Surabaya Region, East Java, Indonesia (Text)
Multidrug Resistance in Stray Cats of The North Surabaya Region, East Java, Indonesia (Other)
HTML Summary of #1181 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Multidrug Resistance in Stray Cats of The North Surabaya Region, East Java, Indonesia</epc:when>
Stray cats survive by getting food or drink that is available in the environment, correspondingly, stray cats have relatively high exposure to antibiotic resistance obtained from resistant bacteria found in the environment. The present study was conducted to determine patterns of multidrug resistance and Escherichia coli resistance in stray cats. A total of 50 stray cat anal swab samples were taken randomly from the previously recorded stray cat population in the Surabaya area, East Java, Indonesia. Samples were brought using buffered peptone water. They were cultured on MacConkay Agar differential selective media, and all suspicious colonies of Escherichia coli were examined by biochemical tests. Isolates were then identified, and susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The results of the resistance test indicated that the multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli bacteria taken from cats was 14.6 (7/48). The high antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli bacteria in stray cats, which were resistant to many drugs, provides an early warning of environmental health. Environmental health is closely related to animal and human health, especially antibiotic resistance. © The Author(s) 2024.
Multidrug Resistance in Stray Cats of The North Surabaya Region, East Java, Indonesia
Microorganisms’ Growth Inhibition in Poultry Meat Using Bacillus spp. (Text)
Microorganisms’ Growth Inhibition in Poultry Meat Using Bacillus spp. (Other)
HTML Summary of #1226 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Microorganisms’ Growth Inhibition in Poultry Meat Using Bacillus spp.</epc:when>
Meat processing enterprises are currently seeking ways to improve the efficiency of their operations. This study aimed to assess the presence of harmful microorganisms in poultry meat treated with a probiotic complex of Bacillus spp. bacteria during storage. Of the 2, 516 meat samples collected from broiler chickens across six poultry processing enterprises in the Dnipropetrovsk region over three years, 1, 845 samples tested positive for pathogens. Listeria spp. were isolated in 52.7 of meat samples, S. aureus in 28.7, P. aeruginosa – in 6.9, E. coli in 4.2, and Salmonella spp. in 7.5. The next stage of the study was the infection of 10 samples of poultry meat with pathogens of test cultures (Escherichia coli UNCSM - 007, Pseudomonas aeruginosa UNCSM - 012, Staphylococcus aureus UNCSM - 017, Listeria ivanovii UNCSM - 042, Salmonella Enteritidis UNCSM - 081), followed by aerosol treatment with a probiotic complex of Bacillus spp. (1.5×108 in ml (0.5 Mac Farland) administered at a dose of 1 ml per sample with daily registration of colony growth. Following pathogen contamination and a single aerosol treatment with the probiotic complex of Bacillus spp., the growth of E. coli and S. aureus was already suppressed on the second day of meat storage. The probiotic complex of Bacillus spp. was able to displace Salmonella Enteritidis on the third day and P. aeruginosa on day 4, but the growth of L. ivanovii could be observed only on day 5. The probiotic complex of Bacillus spp. formed visible biofilms from the five strains of microorganisms and remained viable for five days, forming a dense biofilm with a high accumulation rate of 4.73 D620. A distinctly noticeable ability to form microbial biofilms within three days was observed in planktonic forms of L. ivanovii up to 2.88 D620, followed by P. aeruginosa at 2.28 D620. Low biofilm density was observed for Salmonella Enteritidis (1.77 D620) and S. aureus (1.76 D620). The probiotic complex of bacteria of the genus Bacillus spp. shows potential for use in meat processing plants to prevent the growth of harmful microbial biofilms on meat products stored under refrigeration. © The Author(s) 2024
Microorganisms’ Growth Inhibition in Poultry Meat Using Bacillus spp.
Q Science (General)
Effects of Resampled DEM on Watershed Characteristics and Prediction of Sediment Load in Oyun Watershed, Kwara, Nigeria (Text)
Effects of Resampled DEM on Watershed Characteristics and Prediction of Sediment Load in Oyun Watershed, Kwara, Nigeria (Other)
HTML Summary of #1320 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Resampled DEM on Watershed Characteristics and Prediction of Sediment Load in Oyun Watershed, Kwara, Nigeria</epc:when>
Understanding the terrain and its impact on watershed characteristics, streamflow, and sediment loading is crucial for effective water resource management. This study investigates the influence of resampled Digital Elevation Models (DEM) on the prediction of watershed characteristics, streamflow, and sediment loading upstream of Oyun River Watershed, Nigeria. Various DEM resolutions, ranging from 30-meter to 90-meter, were analysed to assess their effects on hydrological predictions. To delineate the watershed, a DEM of 90-meter resolution was sourced from the space Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), and the ASTER global DEM data sources. The 90-meter resolution was resampled to four different resolutions which are 75-meter, 60-meter, 45-meter, and 30-meter resolutions. The watershed and streamline were delineated, and the hydrologic simulation was performed using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The research findings revealed that changes in DEM resolution had a negligible impact on streamflow predictions within the Oyun River Watershed. However, a noticeable impact was observed in the prediction of sediment concentration. The 90-meter resolution DEM yielded the lowest predicted sediment concentration, measuring 2.28 mg/l, while the 30-meter resampled DEM produced the highest value at 5.21mg/l. Similarly, the sediment yield (SYLD t/ha) exhibited considerable variation across the different DEM resolutions, with the 90-meter DEM demonstrating the lowest value of approximately 528.90 t/ha, and the 30-meter DEM registering the highest at 2145.57 t/ha. Overall, this research highlights the necessity of careful DEM selection in hydrological modelling to ensure a comprehensive understanding of watershed dynamics, particularly in regions where sediment transport and water quality are of paramount concern.
Effects of Resampled DEM on Watershed Characteristics and Prediction of Sediment Load in Oyun Watershed, Kwara, Nigeria
Performance-Based Evaluation of Steel Fibre Reinforced Normal- and High-Strength Concretes Using Statistical Analysis of Experimental Database (Text)
Performance-Based Evaluation of Steel Fibre Reinforced Normal- and High-Strength Concretes Using Statistical Analysis of Experimental Database (Other)
HTML Summary of #1325 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Performance-Based Evaluation of Steel Fibre Reinforced Normal- and High-Strength Concretes Using Statistical Analysis of Experimental Database</epc:when>
The widespread acceptance of concrete can be attributed to its unique characteristics, despite inherent drawbacks such as brittleness and weak tensile strength. The study was aimed at evaluating the optimal content and characterization of steel fibres required to impede crack propagation and enhance overall strength of concrete. The influence of critical factors like fibre content, length, diameter, and volume fraction on the performance of steel fibre reinforced concretes (SFRC) through statistical analysis of 209 experimental data. The influence of these factors on the compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths of concrete was analyzed as a function of the mean and coefficient of variation of the normalized strength values. The study found that steel fibres in concrete produced success rates of 67.9% (7.1% average strength improvement = ASI) in compressive strength, 78.5% (38.2% ASI) in flexural strength and 84.2% (23.8% ASI) in tensile strength. The study further separately examined the impact of steel fibres on both normal strength concretes (NSC) and high strength concretes (HSC). The findings indicated an overall success rate of 60% (6.97% ASI), 69.9% (38.36% ASI), and 75.6% (23.59% ASI) for compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength, respectively, in NSC. However, higher degree of strength enhancement of 74.0% (7.16% ASI), 84.8% (39.21% ASI), and 86.6% (23.51% ASI) were recorded for compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength, respectively in HSC. The research underscores the effectiveness of incorporating steel fibres as a reinforcement strategy in enhancing various strength aspects of concrete.
Performance-Based Evaluation of Steel Fibre Reinforced Normal- and High-Strength Concretes Using Statistical Analysis of Experimental Database
Flexural Behaviour of Concrete Beams Reinforced With Major Steel Bars under Normal and Corrosive Operational Conditions (Text)
Flexural Behaviour of Concrete Beams Reinforced With Major Steel Bars under Normal and Corrosive Operational Conditions (Other)
HTML Summary of #1333 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Flexural Behaviour of Concrete Beams Reinforced With Major Steel Bars under Normal and Corrosive Operational Conditions</epc:when>
Quality assurance of construction materials is very fundamental for structural safety, reliability, serviceability, and durability of constructed civil infrastructure. Inflow of defective or substandard building and construction materials into the industry, particularly reinforcing steel bars, is responsible for many structurally deficient constructed facilities which often lead to failure or ultimate collapse of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Characterization of steel rebars from two major manufacturers into Botswana construction industry, designated herein as M1 and M2, were conducted as a basis for the evaluation of the quality assurance and control of the products. The flexural behaviour of their respective RC beams, designated herein as B-M1 and B-M2, of dimension 150 × 200 × 3000 mm and subject to four-point loading tests were determined under normal and artificially induced corrosion conditions to assess the influence of steel rebars M1 and M2 on the stiffness and load-carrying capacity. The average yield strengths of steel reinforcing bars were 427 N/mm2 for M1 and 459 N/mm2 for M2. The moduli of elasticity for M1 and M2 were 203 GPa and 205 GPa, respectively. The percentage elongation was found to be 7.93% for M1 and 7.24% for M2. The flexural strength of beams reinforced with M1 was 7% and 16.5% lower than RC beam with M2 under normal and accelerated corrosion of 5% of NaCl solution for 60 hours condition, respectively. The flexural behaviour of RC beams reinforced with B-M1 had a lower flexural strength under both normal and corrosive environmental conditions as compared to B-M2. The flexural strength of B-M1 had reduced from 48.5 N/mm2 to 41.0 N/mm2, while B-M2 reduced from 52.2 N/mm2 to 49.2 N/mm2. This represented loss of load-carrying capacity of 15.4% and 5.8% for B-M1 and B-M2 respectively due to exposure to corrosive environment. The findings revealed disparity in bending capacity due to the low interfacial bonding due to reduced relative rib areas. A more intensive quality control of imported steel should be ensured at the ports of entry by relevant regulatory agencies.
Flexural Behaviour of Concrete Beams Reinforced With Major Steel Bars under Normal and Corrosive Operational Conditions
Statistical Evaluation of the Geometric Properties Steel Bars for Reinforced Concrete in Botswana (Text)
Statistical Evaluation of the Geometric Properties Steel Bars for Reinforced Concrete in Botswana (Other)
HTML Summary of #1310 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Statistical Evaluation of the Geometric Properties Steel Bars for Reinforced Concrete in Botswana</epc:when>
Uncertainties in construction materials, especially steel reinforcing bars, have multiplying adverse impacts on the integrity and reliability of constructed facilities from construction to service life stages. Botswana depends on importation of rebars to meet the ever-increasing demands for buildings and reinforced concrete civil infrastructure. The study assessed the mass and geometric properties of the two most utilized steel reinforcing bars, designated as M1 and M2, in Botswana. With the aid of digital analytical balance and Vernier calipers, measurements of mass per unit length and the relative rib area (RRA), which depends on nominal diameter, rib height, rib spacing, and longitudinal rib or gap thickness were made from 3000 standard bars each of nominal sizes from 8 mm to 25 mm randomly sampled at the suppliers’ depots/warehouses and various construction sites in Gaborone and Francistown. The RRA is a measure of the surface geometry for interfacial bonding between steel reinforcing bar and the surrounding concrete. The geometric properties of each steel bar type of the nominal sizes were characterized in terms of the statistical parameters and compared for compliance with standard specifications such as CS2 (2012), ISO 15630, ACI A408. The actual mass and diameter of bars were within the tolerance of ± 1% of the respective nominal size which satisfied all the standard requirements. Only the 8 mm diameter M2 bars did not have longitudinal ribs/gaps. ACI specifies a range of 0.10 to 0.14 for RRA, while CS2/ISO 15630 only specifies for the minimum RRA values of 0.040 for 8 to 12 mm bars and 0.056 for 16 to 25 mm bars. M2 bars of 10 mm dia. bars did not satisfy CS2/ISO 15630 requirements. However, M1 (8 mm and 12 mm) and M2 (10, 16 and 25 mm) bar sizes are below the minimum and M2 bars of 20 mm diameter are above the recommended RRA values of ACI A408. These would reduce the load carrying capacity of RC members reinforced with the unsatisfactory bar sizes.
Statistical Evaluation of the Geometric Properties Steel Bars for Reinforced Concrete in Botswana
Empirical Scrutiny of Geopolymer Concrete Containing Locally-produced Superplasticizer under Varied Temperatures (Text)
Empirical Scrutiny of Geopolymer Concrete Containing Locally-produced Superplasticizer under Varied Temperatures (Other)
HTML Summary of #1326 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Empirical Scrutiny of Geopolymer Concrete Containing Locally-produced Superplasticizer under Varied Temperatures</epc:when>
Cement manufacturing companies contribute greatly to carbon-dioxide emission during production, hence there is need for novel eco-friendly or biodegradable cementitious material, which has the same strength and also durable. Geopolymers which are eco-friendly waste materials, which can also reduce construction cost are therefore considered for this purpose. The geopolymer stabilizing materials, fly ash (FA), kaolin clays powder (KCP), rice husk ash (RHA), and alkaline activator (procured sodium silicate, waste-created sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide) were added at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%, to the naturally created superplasticizer geopolymer concrete (GPC), so as to solve the problem of workability and efflorescence associated with fly ash based GPC. FTIR results shows major absorbance band at the region between 950 and 3250 cm−1. It means that addition of the naturally made superplasticizer to the geopolymer concrete lowered the viscosity and increased the flow behavior of concrete. The geopolymer concrete consists of super plasticizer (1.5%) and optimum of various binders i.e. 5% FA + 7.5% KC + 10% RHA + aggregate + water. At temperature above 70°C both compressive strength and weight decreases, for naturally made and purchased sodium silicate. The optimal geopolymer product showed substantial strength and durability enhancements at 70°C temperatures, with strength and durability values decline above 70°C, indicating material deterioration. A positive correlation between hot-state temperature, strength and durability properties was also established. The R2 of the Feret on the test set reaches 0.967, indicating its excellent predictive performance.
Empirical Scrutiny of Geopolymer Concrete Containing Locally-produced Superplasticizer under Varied Temperatures
Effects of Blended Portland-Fly Ash Cement on Compressive Strength of Seawater Mixed and Cured Lateritic Concrete (Text)
Effects of Blended Portland-Fly Ash Cement on Compressive Strength of Seawater Mixed and Cured Lateritic Concrete (Other)
HTML Summary of #1309 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Blended Portland-Fly Ash Cement on Compressive Strength of Seawater Mixed and Cured Lateritic Concrete</epc:when>
The use of cement in the construction industry is accompanied by the release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the ecosystem, and freshwater usage is on the rise globally, putting the world in a potential freshwater scarcity. This study investigated the effects of blended Portland-fly ash cement on the compressive strength of seawater-mixed and cured lateritic concrete by partially replacing the concrete materials: cement with fly ash at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 25%; fine aggregate, with laterite at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. A concrete mix ratio of 1:1.5:3 was used in the production of concrete cubes with an expected target compressive strength of 20 N/mm2. The compressive strength of the cubes was measured at 7, 28, and 56 days using standard testing procedures. Cubes cast with and cured in seawater (SW-SW) had strength values relatively higher than those cast with and cured in freshwater (FW-FW) at 28 days of curing. At 28 days, SW-SW cubes gave 22.44 N/mm2 while FW-FW cubes gave 21.80 N/mm2 as the highest strength values at 10% Lat and 10% FA. However, the FW-FW cubes had strength values higher than those of seawater mixed and cured concrete (SW-SW) at 56 days. FW-FW cubes gave 26.82 N/mm2 while SW-SW cubes gave 26.34 N/mm2 as their highest strength values at 10% Lat and 10% FA. Generally, an increase in fly ash and laterite content significantly reduces the compressive strength of concrete. Overall, seawater is recommended for curing and mixing, especially in non-reinforcing concrete. 10% fly ash and 10% laterite are also recommended for use in blended Portland cement-fly ash concrete as they give the highest strength values.
Effects of Blended Portland-Fly Ash Cement on Compressive Strength of Seawater Mixed and Cured Lateritic Concrete
Designing Ergonomic Safety Boots for Sustainable Construction in Botswana: A Case Study of Worker Foot Health (Text)
Designing Ergonomic Safety Boots for Sustainable Construction in Botswana: A Case Study of Worker Foot Health (Other)
HTML Summary of #1319 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Designing Ergonomic Safety Boots for Sustainable Construction in Botswana: A Case Study of Worker Foot Health</epc:when>
The most essential asset in every construction work is the workers. In this regard, sustainability in construction must include and be centred on this vital resource. However, research indicates that civil engineers and construction workers often advocate for sustainability in infrastructural developments. This critical asset in construction often needs more consideration when people are engaged in construction work despite the many ergonomics challenges widely reported in the industry. This leads to workers in this industry being grossly afflicted by injuries such as musculoskeletal disorders, particularly of the foot. In addition, changes in global temperatures, attributed to global warming, situate civil engineers and construction workers, as they often work in open and challenging terrains, at risk of heat-related illnesses such as heat hyperpyrexia and heat exhaustion, which may also aggravate these musculoskeletal disorders conditions. However, it is pretty disturbing to notice that such illnesses are less investigated, particularly musculoskeletal disorders of the feet, which may be exasperated by the dire heat conditions noticeable in Botswana. This is because there is often a need for more knowledge and understanding of the risks associated with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Furthermore, expertise in ergonomics is limited to assisting in the design of work as well as its conditions. This bequeaths both civil engineers and construction workers to operate under very challenging conditions despite pursuance of sustainability. Therefore, this case study investigated the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders of the feet in the construction industry in Botswana with the purpose of designing a safety boot that matches the anthropometric measurements of the construction workers' feet. The research culminates in the design of a safety boot that is based on the workers' anthropometric measurements to prevent the occurrence of MSDs. The results of the study indicate that workers in this industry suffer from toe bunions, cons, toe deformities, smelly feet, etc. The study additionally indicates foot size differences across Botswana’s tribes. These differences may have severe implications for the use of safety boots and the development of ergonomics illnesses, mainly since the current safety boots used are imported from elsewhere with no modification to address the anthropometric feet measurements of Batswana. It is anticipated that the research will provide the necessary awareness that can help civil engineers explore sustainability not only from the context of infrastructural development (objects) but also from the perspective of workers (humans). This underscores the need for further research and action in this critical area.
Designing Ergonomic Safety Boots for Sustainable Construction in Botswana: A Case Study of Worker Foot Health
Flexible Vegetation Behavior under Varying Areal Densities and Effects on Flow Structures: Numerical Observations (Text)
Flexible Vegetation Behavior under Varying Areal Densities and Effects on Flow Structures: Numerical Observations (Other)
HTML Summary of #1324 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Flexible Vegetation Behavior under Varying Areal Densities and Effects on Flow Structures: Numerical Observations</epc:when>
This study carried out extensive numerical studies on a refined “One dimensional (1-D) Reynolds Averaging Navier-Stokes (RANS) Model” for vegetated open channel flow. In the 1-D RANS model, the Spalart Allmaras closure model was used to model the turbulence caused by eddies within the vegetation zone and the interface between the top of the vegetation and the clear water zone. In this work, numerical simulations using 1-D RANS model are carried out using dataset obtained from the laboratory under different hydraulic conditions of varying areal vegetation densities. Three classes of highly flexible vegetation densities were simulated: low, medium and highly dense vegetation. The model predictions in terms of mean vertical stream-wise velocity profile and Reynolds Shear Stresses were compared with the laboratory flume experimental results. The 1-D RANS model performances were satisfactory for low and medium densities. However, discrepancies were seen in the model prediction for highly dense vegetation. Hence, the hydraulic roughness parameters in the numerical model has been modified for model re-calibration to capture the position of zero-displacement of velocities. Using the modified parameters, the velocity profiles and the Reynolds Shear Stresses were predicted with very low uncertainty.
Flexible Vegetation Behavior under Varying Areal Densities and Effects on Flow Structures: Numerical Observations
An Analysis of Water Demand of the Rural Population within the Iishana System, Namibia (Text)
An Analysis of Water Demand of the Rural Population within the Iishana System, Namibia (Other)
HTML Summary of #1327 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">An Analysis of Water Demand of the Rural Population within the Iishana System, Namibia</epc:when>
The Namibian people, particularly, those living within the Iishana system, which is a subset of the Cuvelai Basin, often encounter recurrent floods and droughts. After each rainy season, the Iishana system dries up gradually, hence, water for both agriculture and potable purposes becomes crucial. With the anticipated new water infrastructural development and rehabilitation of existing ones, it will be necessary to ascertain the water demand of the rural population, for the quantification of the supply potential to improve water availability. This study adopts historical water consumption per capita recommended within the Iishana system to determine the rural population demand. Considering a thirty years’ population projection, the water demand of the Iishana system is properly estimated. Moreover, the historical hydrological dataset daily data for the period 2012-2021 was used for the analysis. The current demand is estimated at 2,479 cubic meters per day. The projections of water demand for the rural population for 2033, 2043, and 2053 are 0.9, 0.5, and 0.1 Mm3/year, respectively. More so, the surface water resource potential of the system is estimated at an average of 300 mm/year. The region loses more water through evaporation than it receives in the wet season. Around 2500 mm of water evaporates from the surface annually, giving a water deficit of 2200 mm/year. The region's flat, shallow landscape, high evaporation rate, and the inadequacy of infrastructure have made the area vulnerable in terms of water security for both agricultural and potable purposes, resulting in droughts after the rainy season. With these findings, it is recommended to build water infrastructures within the region to improve the well-being and livelihood of rural communities.
An Analysis of Water Demand of the Rural Population within the Iishana System, Namibia
Enhancing Structural Application: Assessing the Suitability of Sawn and Glue Laminated Albizia zygia (Ayunre) Timber for Sustainable Construction (Text)
Enhancing Structural Application: Assessing the Suitability of Sawn and Glue Laminated Albizia zygia (Ayunre) Timber for Sustainable Construction (Other)
HTML Summary of #1311 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Enhancing Structural Application: Assessing the Suitability of Sawn and Glue Laminated Albizia zygia (Ayunre) Timber for Sustainable Construction</epc:when>
Leading economies are moving towards a bio-based economy for sustainability, but Africa struggles to utilize its bio- resource such as timber for advanced engineering application due to its natural limitations. Nevertheless, glue lamination (glulam) is promising for enhancing wood for structural application. Hence, this study investigated the shear strength of glue laminated (glulam) joints of Albizia zygia (A. zygia) timber species bonded with polyurethane (PUR) adhesive and other essential physical and mechanical properties in line with relevant standards. Briefly state the methodology before results to ensure flow. The results showed that the mean density of the wood species is 519 at a mean moisture content of 12%. The wood recorded a mean volumetric shrinkage and volumetric swelling of 1.17% and 6.52% respectively. Other properties include mean bending strength at 53.89 , mean stiffness at 6106 N/mm2, compressive strength parallel to grain at 32.70 and mean tensile strength at 33.61 . Furthermore, the lap shear strength for glue laminated joints was tested according to EN 302-2013 standard and compared to control solid beams. The mean shear strength for glulam was 2.32 while it was 1.64 for the control beams. Thus, the glued joints performed better in shear than the control specimen. Finally, the residual shear strength of the joints was a mean value of 1.28 after subjecting them to accelerated aging tests (AAT). This is equivalent to 44.83% decrease of the shear strength in the dry use state. Hence, glue laminated A. zygia using PUR is not suitable for external use due to weathering effects on its shear strength. Based on the findings in this study, A. zygia is a moderately dense wood suitable for structural use but for interior application when laminated with PUR. It is shown that locally sourced A. zygia can be enhanced through glue lamination for structural joints in service class 2 according to Eurocode 5.
Enhancing Structural Application: Assessing the Suitability of Sawn and Glue Laminated Albizia zygia (Ayunre) Timber for Sustainable Construction
Meeting the Sustainability Emergency in Built Environment Curricula through Tripartite Pedagogy Quasi-Experimentation (Text)
Meeting the Sustainability Emergency in Built Environment Curricula through Tripartite Pedagogy Quasi-Experimentation (Other)
HTML Summary of #1328 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Meeting the Sustainability Emergency in Built Environment Curricula through Tripartite Pedagogy Quasi-Experimentation</epc:when>
This study evaluates the effectiveness of a tripartite pedagogy framework integrating specialized tracks, optional minors, and experiential learning to enhance sustainability education in built environment curricula. Employing a mixed-methods quasi-experimental design, the research assessed 239 industrial training students in Enugu, Nigeria. Results from the t-test demonstrate significant improvements in sustainability knowledge post-intervention and high interest in optional sustainability courses. Repeated measures of ANOVA revealed substantial enhancements in students' ability to apply sustainability concepts over time. Qualitative data highlighted practical challenges in experiential learning, including resource constraints. The findings provide empirical support for the tripartite approach, extending previous research by quantifying impacts on practical skills development. This study contributes to the limited body of evidence on integrated sustainability education interventions in the Global South, demonstrating significant improvements in students' sustainability knowledge and application skills through a tripartite pedagogy framework. The findings highlight the potential of specialized tracks, optional minors, and experiential learning to bridge the gap between academic preparation and industry needs. It is recommended that educational institutions prioritize these integrative approaches and address resource constraints to enhance the effectiveness and scalability of sustainability education in built environment curricula.
Meeting the Sustainability Emergency in Built Environment Curricula through Tripartite Pedagogy Quasi-Experimentation
Investigation of Performance of Copper Slag and Ore Tailings Novel Trial Self-compacting Concrete Mixtures (Text)
Investigation of Performance of Copper Slag and Ore Tailings Novel Trial Self-compacting Concrete Mixtures (Other)
HTML Summary of #1330 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Investigation of Performance of Copper Slag and Ore Tailings Novel Trial Self-compacting Concrete Mixtures</epc:when>
A non-conventional concrete with the properties of flow-ability, filling-ability, and passing-ability without any need for mechanical compaction but flow under self-weight is known as self-compacting concrete. This study developed trial mixtures for self-compacting concrete (SCC) using locally available waste products. The copper slag and ore tailings from Bamangwato Concessions Limited Mine in Selebi-Phikwe, Botswana were used as source of fine aggregate, and fines substitute. Eight mix proportions were developed with the quantities of cement, granite, copper slag, ore tailings and water-cement ratio as variables. The mix proportions were developed in accordance with recommendations from American Concrete Institute (ACI 237R-07) and fresh SCC properties (flow ability, passing ability, filling-ability, and segregation) were performed to assess the performance of the mixes. It was observed that the range of slump flow values were between (500 – 750 mm), V-funnel values (1.46 – 7.46 s), passing-ability of (0.76 – 1.0). The hardened properties of SCC (strength and density) were between 8.1 and 33.3 MPa, and 2093 to 2406 kg/m3) respectively. It could be concluded that SCC produced from mine wastes (copper slag and ore tailings) is found suitable for the use in unreinforced and normal concrete applications.
Investigation of Performance of Copper Slag and Ore Tailings Novel Trial Self-compacting Concrete Mixtures
3D Printing in Civil Engineering: Pioneering Affordable Housing Solutions (Text)
3D Printing in Civil Engineering: Pioneering Affordable Housing Solutions (Other)
HTML Summary of #1305 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">3D Printing in Civil Engineering: Pioneering Affordable Housing Solutions</epc:when>
The escalating global housing crisis necessitates innovative solutions that streamline construction processes while enhancing sustainability and reducing costs. This paper explores the transformative potential of 3D printing technologies in the construction of affordable housing within the field of civil engineering. By examining the technical, economic, and environmental dimensions of 3D printed buildings, the study assesses their scalability for mass housing projects and discusses the significant advantages such as reduced waste, increased precision, and the utilization of recycled materials. The paper also highlights the major challenges to widespread adoption, including regulatory issues, material limitations, and workforce training needs. Through various international case studies, it demonstrates how 3D printing is being successfully implemented to address diverse housing needs and align with Sustainable Development Goals. The study concludes with strategic recommendations for overcoming existing barriers and maximizing the technology’s benefits, outlining a future where 3D printing could fundamentally alter the construction landscape.
3D Printing in Civil Engineering: Pioneering Affordable Housing Solutions
Smart Geotechnics: Enhancing Infrastructure Resilience with IoT and AI (Text)
Smart Geotechnics: Enhancing Infrastructure Resilience with IoT and AI (Other)
HTML Summary of #1307 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Smart Geotechnics: Enhancing Infrastructure Resilience with IoT and AI</epc:when>
The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents transformative opportunities for geotechnical engineering, fundamentally reshaping the monitoring and maintenance of infrastructure. This paper delves into the synergistic application of IoT sensors and AI algorithms to facilitate real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and risk management, significantly enhancing the resilience and sustainability of critical infrastructure such as bridges, tunnels, and foundations. Through a rigorous examination of theoretical frameworks, a review of pertinent literature, and detailed case studies, the study underscores the substantial benefits of these technologies, including improved operational efficiency, enhanced safety, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, it addresses the predominant challenges of data security, system integration, and scalability, and suggests future research directions and policy considerations to overcome these barriers. The paper advocates for the broader adoption of smart geotechnics, highlighting its crucial role in advancing sustainable and resilient infrastructure in the era of smart cities.
Smart Geotechnics: Enhancing Infrastructure Resilience with IoT and AI
Evaluation of the Compressive Strength and Sorptivity of Pozzolanic Concrete Containing Calcined Termite Mound (Text)
Evaluation of the Compressive Strength and Sorptivity of Pozzolanic Concrete Containing Calcined Termite Mound (Other)
HTML Summary of #1336 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Evaluation of the Compressive Strength and Sorptivity of Pozzolanic Concrete Containing Calcined Termite Mound</epc:when>
Pozzolans have long been established as viable materials for the partial replacement of cement in concrete. However, the extent to which they can be used is still under investigation. Pozzolans do not in themselves have cementitious value but can react chemically with calcium hydroxide and moisture to produce cementitious compounds. Pozzolanic concretes have been reported to have varied properties in term of compressive strength and durability properties which need to be ascertained. This research focuses on Calcined Termite Mound (CTM) and its influence on the compressive strength and sorptivity of concrete. Several tests were carried out to ascertain the physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of CTM and conventional concrete constituents. Some of these tests include bulk density, setting time, aggregate crushing value (ACV), aggregate impact value (AIV), slump test, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), sorptivity, and compressive strength tests. Compressive strength tests results for concrete containing Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and CTM cement blends show that CTM has higher silica content compared to OPC and can be classified as Class-N pozzolans It is also richer in calcium oxide. The study also reveals that CTM has an optimum replacement level of 5% with strength of 13.4 MPa at 28 days, which is higher than the 12.4 MPa of control concrete. Also, the result of sorptivity test for OPC-CTM blended concrete gave lower resistance to sorptivity. Regression models were developed to predict the compressive strengths of OPC-CTM concrete as a function of % replacement level and curing age.
Evaluation of the Compressive Strength and Sorptivity of Pozzolanic Concrete Containing Calcined Termite Mound
Experiences Encountered while Using Construction Contracts during Project Delivery in Botswana (Text)
Experiences Encountered while Using Construction Contracts during Project Delivery in Botswana (Other)
HTML Summary of #1317 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Experiences Encountered while Using Construction Contracts during Project Delivery in Botswana</epc:when>
Various forms of contracts guide the construction project delivery processes across the world. To make procurement more accessible and faster, various institutions have developed what is known as standard forms of contracts (SFoC). These institutions believe that SFoCs could be used in an adopted or adapted mode to reduce the burden of writing contracts every time a project is procured. This article discusses the results of a study that investigated the effectiveness of identified SFoCs and the experiences encountered by key stakeholders in using the contracts during construction project delivery. Study participants were drawn from contractor, consulting and client organisations and completed a questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions. 11 attributes synthesised from literature were used to measure the effectiveness of a contract. Three major SFoCs were identified as being used in Botswana: the Joint Contract Tribunal (JCT), the New Engineering Contract (NEC) and International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC). The FIDIC has a long history of use, but in recent years, the NEC entered the arena. Due to the low usage of the JCT, the discussion centred on the NEC and FIDIC contracts. Some insights were drawn from the study. Respondents did not find a big difference in the effectiveness of the two contracts (WME for NEC =3.3 and FIDIC =3.1). However, there were a few attributes for which the NEC seemed to be a better contract. These were a) simple and non-legalistic language with self-contained clauses and b) a communicative and proactive risk management regime, which respondents identified with a propensity to reduce or avoid disputes. The study had the limitations of having used a small (38) sample of respondents and the fact that NEC has not been used in the country for the length of time as the FIDIC contract.
Experiences Encountered while Using Construction Contracts during Project Delivery in Botswana
Navigating Climate Change: A Review of Policies in Botswana, Africa, and Beyond (Text)
Navigating Climate Change: A Review of Policies in Botswana, Africa, and Beyond (Other)
HTML Summary of #1323 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Navigating Climate Change: A Review of Policies in Botswana, Africa, and Beyond</epc:when>
This paper is an insightful perspective analysis of Botswana climate change policies in an effort to establish their effectiveness in relation to regional and international initiatives. For a critical review of both mitigation and adaptation efforts by different countries, the effectiveness is analysed, including their strengths and inadequacies noted, and recommendations made towards enhancing policy coherence and effectiveness. It examines the steps Botswana and other countries have taken to cut greenhouse gas emissions, improve energy efficiency, support the use of renewable energy sources, and implement sustainable land management practices. The paper also delves into Botswana's efforts to build climate resilience, such as creating a National Adaptation Plan and incorporating climate considerations across various sectors.
Navigating Climate Change: A Review of Policies in Botswana, Africa, and Beyond
Geotechnical characterization of the Manyana black cotton soils in Botswana (Text)
Geotechnical characterization of the Manyana black cotton soils in Botswana (Other)
HTML Summary of #1335 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Geotechnical characterization of the Manyana black cotton soils in Botswana</epc:when>
The Manyana Village is divided into two types of soils. The center of the village is covered with sand that overlays clays from weathered dolerite whilst the eastern side is covered with exposed clays. Houses constructed on the eastern side of the village are prone to severe cracking attributed to the black cotton soils. The paper hints at shrink-swell mechanism of black cotton soils as a possible explanation for the cracking observed on the houses. Three laboratory methods of identifying and characterizing expansive soils are discussed followed by use of Dynamic Cone Penetration (DCP) in field-testing as well as use of indicator tests and particle sizing in the laboratory. The experimental results have shown a high field moisture content of (18 to 27%) in the eastern part of the village which was three times larger than moisture content at the village center. The clays had a plasticity index range of 12% to 30% with a clay content of 21% to 47% whilst the sandy areas were non-plastic with a clay content of at most 4%. The clay minerals identified from the samples tested were vermiculite, illite, kaolinite and montmorillonite. The soil samples from the village had low potential expansiveness whilst most samples on black cotton soil had a medium to high potential of expansiveness. The bearing capacity estimated from DCP data at depths of 1m throughout the village were 72 kPa to 275 kPa under dry conditions. A draft plasticity index map of Manyana village was produced based on the results of the investigation, the next step is to investigate the effectiveness of different soil stabilization methods for this area and taking in to consideration cost, durability and environmental impact.
Geotechnical characterization of the Manyana black cotton soils in Botswana
Efficacy of Direct SPT-Based Pile Design Methods in Residual Soils of Southern Africa (Text)
Efficacy of Direct SPT-Based Pile Design Methods in Residual Soils of Southern Africa (Other)
HTML Summary of #1331 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Efficacy of Direct SPT-Based Pile Design Methods in Residual Soils of Southern Africa</epc:when>
Direct SPT-based pile design methods are very popular these days despite the fact that many of such methods are based on small databases of pile load tests. Due to the dependence of soil behaviour on geological setting and site specific conditions, it is possible that some of the methods do not produce good prediction of pile capacity. Accordingly this paper presents the evaluation of two SPT-based pile design methods in residual soils against a pile load test database from the Southern African region. The methods include the (i) Franki-SA method reported in Byrne et al. (1995) and (ii) Decourt Method (1995). The pile load tests consist of 26 cases of bored piles in residual soil with each case accompanied by SPT measurements. The SPT measurements were used to calculate the predicted capacity in accordance with the procedure for each of the two methods while the pile load tests were used to determine the measured capacity. The findings of the evaluation indicate that the Decourt method is more reliable and accurate than the SA method. The poor performance of the SA methods suggests further studies to develop specific calculation factors for base and shaft capacities in residual soils.
Efficacy of Direct SPT-Based Pile Design Methods in Residual Soils of Southern Africa
Fluoride Concentration in Selected Water Sources of Ngamiland and Boteti Districts: Risk of Dental Fluorosis (Text)
Fluoride Concentration in Selected Water Sources of Ngamiland and Boteti Districts: Risk of Dental Fluorosis (Other)
HTML Summary of #1315 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Fluoride Concentration in Selected Water Sources of Ngamiland and Boteti Districts: Risk of Dental Fluorosis</epc:when>
Fluoride is well-known for its role in preventing dental issues and promoting strong teeth and bones. It is commonly found in water, tea, and fluoridated toothpaste. The World Health Organisation recommends fluoride concentrations between 0.5 mg/L to 1.50 mg/L in water. Excessive fluoride intake can lead to dental fluorosis which affects tooth enamel. This study aimed to investigate fluoride levels in different water sources within selected villages of Ngamiland and Central Boteti districts and assess dental fluorosis prevalence among the residents. Our objectives were to measure fluoride concentrations in various water sources, evaluate the impact of pH and salinity on fluoride levels, and determine the link between fluoride concentration and dental fluorosis prevalence. Water samples were analyzed for fluoride concentration, pH, and salinity using ion chromatograph, pH meter, and conductivity meter, respectively. Interviews were conducted in Maun, Tsau, Toteng, and Motopi regarding dental fluorosis prevalence. Results showed that groundwater in Motopi and Tsau had fluoride concentrations ranging from 2.81 – 17.05 mg/L, while Toteng tap and standpipe water had fluoride concentrations of 0.78 and 0.83 mg/L. Maun tap and standpipe water, as well as Motopi surface water, yielded fluoride concentrations ranging from 0.16 – 0.37 mg/L. Salinity and pH showed no significant relationship with fluoride concentration, with correlation coefficients of 0.09 and 0.46, respectively. In conclusion, Tsau boreholes had the highest fluoride concentration, linked to dental fluorosis in individuals aged 30 years and above. Maun tap and standpipe water, alongside Motopi tap and surface water, exhibited low fluoride concentrations, while Toteng tap, and standpipe water revealed appropriate fluoride levels. The study revealed that Salinity and pH do not influence fluoride concentration in water.
Fluoride Concentration in Selected Water Sources of Ngamiland and Boteti Districts: Risk of Dental Fluorosis
The Integration of Geographic Information Systems and Building Information Modelling to Sustainably Manage Development Sites in Gaborone, Botswana (Text)
The Integration of Geographic Information Systems and Building Information Modelling to Sustainably Manage Development Sites in Gaborone, Botswana (Other)
HTML Summary of #1312 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Integration of Geographic Information Systems and Building Information Modelling to Sustainably Manage Development Sites in Gaborone, Botswana</epc:when>
For many years, site development professionals and urban planners have worked in silos, yet they share a similar objective of providing a better built and natural environment. Moreover, there seems to be a stereotype in terms of focus areas; with urban planners more on the macroscale while their site development counterparts are more on the micro end. The two professional groups speak in different languages and use different instruments. For example, urban planners have introduced Geographic Information Systems (GIS) while site development professionals like architects, engineers, contractors, and facility managers advocate for Building Information Modelling (BIM). The increasing complexity of site development, their related environmental, geographical, and surrounding infrastructure is highly desired to support informed decision-making. Advancements in computer science and data technologies can make this integration easier. However, the understanding of GIS and BIM integration is still in its infancy, as innovative applications of their fusion is yet to be explored comprehensively. Therefore, this study investigates how GIS and BIM can be integrated to derive big data to support site development in Gaborone, Botswana. It will further propose a conceptual framework for integrating BIM and GIS for better site development and sustainable urban management in Gaborone.
The Integration of Geographic Information Systems and Building Information Modelling to Sustainably Manage Development Sites in Gaborone, Botswana
Mapping Buildings from Semi-Informal Settlements Using Non-Parametric Classifiers: A Case of Old Naledi (Text)
Mapping Buildings from Semi-Informal Settlements Using Non-Parametric Classifiers: A Case of Old Naledi (Other)
HTML Summary of #1314 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Mapping Buildings from Semi-Informal Settlements Using Non-Parametric Classifiers: A Case of Old Naledi</epc:when>
Building footprints are essential for planning and designing new infrastructure like water reticulation, electricity transmission, sewer, and road networks. They are also necessary for delivery, census, and disaster management. It is therefore important to have up-to-date maps and GIS databases for service provision. However, mapping building of footprints in semi-informal settlements is problematic because of the spatial heterogeneity of settlements. This study evaluates three non-parametric machine learning algorithms for extracting building footprints from WorldView-2 (WV2) satellite imagery in a semi-informal settlement. WV2 satellite imagery data was fused with gray-level co-occurrence matrices (GLCM) to enhance building extraction. The algorithms used include the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The results indicate that GLCM does not improve the detection of buildings when using the GMM algorithm, but it increases building detection with RF and SVM. The GMM algorithm achieved the highest average accuracy of 92% for building detection. However, SVM and RF have an overall accuracy of 79% and 70% respectively. Though RF did not perform very well in identifying individual buildings, its overall accuracy was high. The outcome indicates that machine learning algorithms can adequately map building footprints from high-resolution satellite imagery.
Mapping Buildings from Semi-Informal Settlements Using Non-Parametric Classifiers: A Case of Old Naledi
Moment Gradient Factor Verification for Selected Monosymmetric Beams under Linear Moment Gradients (Text)
Moment Gradient Factor Verification for Selected Monosymmetric Beams under Linear Moment Gradients (Other)
HTML Summary of #1316 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Moment Gradient Factor Verification for Selected Monosymmetric Beams under Linear Moment Gradients</epc:when>
The reuse of doubly symmetric beams by converting them into monosymmetric section beams offers some promising outcomes and has potential for mitigating carbon footprint of structures. However, due to their complexity monosymmetric sections must be used in a configuration that allows the monosymmetry effects to act beneficially. Although the South African design standard for hot-rolled steel does not provide any guidance on the design of monosymmetric beams, the Southern African steel construction handbook provides a formula for determining the critical elastic buckling moment for monosymmetric beams. This guidance implies that the moment gradient factor used for doubly symmetric sections can be used on monosymmetric sections as well. The aim of the study was to verify the validity of this approach of extending the moment gradient factor used for doubly symmetric beams to monosymmetric beams for two specific types of monosymmetric sections. It was found that although this approach appears to be justified for monosymmetric members in single curvature bending it may produce unconservative values of the critical buckling load in double curvature bending between restraint points. The level of un-conservatism also varies for different spans of the same member. This makes it difficult to specify a single moment modification factor value for these cases. The sensitivity in terms of load reduction observed for double curvature bending case was different for the two members examined with this attributed to differences in how the shear centre moves relative to the centroid. It is recommended that the critical buckling load for monosymmetric sections be determined on a case specific basis for members in double curvature from linear moment gradients. Under single curvature bending the moment gradient factor for doubly symmetric members appears to give acceptable predictions of the critical load.
Moment Gradient Factor Verification for Selected Monosymmetric Beams under Linear Moment Gradients
Stakeholders Influence on Construction Project Success (Text)
Stakeholders Influence on Construction Project Success (Other)
HTML Summary of #1321 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Stakeholders Influence on Construction Project Success</epc:when>
For the past decade Botswana’s construction industry has been embroiled in a lot of controversies based on construction project constraints. These are characterized by construction project delays, budget overruns as well as scope creep and some of these construction projects have been deemed unsuccessful by different stakeholders. To find a mitigating factor for these problems, construction project constraints must be investigated beyond just the triple constraints to provide a solution for the Botswana construction industry. Therefore, the overall purpose of this study was to investigate how construction project constraints and stakeholders influence the outcome of a project. The study adopted a qualitative approach through face-to-face interviews with selected stakeholders such construction professionals, clients and other beneficiaries in the Gaborone and greater Gaborone areas. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data. The findings of the study established that the success of a construction project is subjective and is based on who is being asked, the construction professionals, the client and other beneficiaries had different perspectives on success of a project. The study revealed that initial constraints in a construction project tend to be carried along to the final stages of a construction project. However new few construction project constraints also emerge at the final stages of a construction project. The study found that stakeholders such as the client and other beneficiaries have a significant impact on construction projects due to their influence both positive and negative depending on the level of engagement.
Stakeholders Influence on Construction Project Success
Comparative Analysis of Statistical Models for Predicting the Properties of Agricultural Waste-Enhanced Sandcrete Blocks (Text)
Comparative Analysis of Statistical Models for Predicting the Properties of Agricultural Waste-Enhanced Sandcrete Blocks (Other)
HTML Summary of #1313 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Comparative Analysis of Statistical Models for Predicting the Properties of Agricultural Waste-Enhanced Sandcrete Blocks</epc:when>
Sandcrete blocks represent an indispensable building material, primarily composed of sand, water, and cement as a binding agent. Given the significant cost associated with cement, there is a need to produce low-cement blocks that are economically viable and cost-effective. This challenge has prompted the exploration of alternative materials to reduce cement content, simultaneously addressing environmental pollution and health risks associated with agricultural waste in rural areas. Notable examples of such alternative materials include various agricultural waste components. The primary objective of this research is to establish statistical models for predicting the compressive strength of blocks reinforced with rice husk, guinea corn husk, maize straw, and a combination of sorghum husk and straw. The research findings indicate that the density of fibre-reinforced blocks decreased as the quantity of fibre increased. Furthermore, the compressive strength of the sandcrete blocks decreased as the fibre content increased. However, compressive strengths of 2.41 N/mm², 1.90, 2.40 N/mm², and 3.01 N/mm² were achieved for rice husk, guinea corn husk, maize-straw, and a combination of sorghum husk and straw-reinforced sandcrete blocks, respectively. Only sandcrete blocks with sorghum husk and straw met the Nigerian Industrial Standard specifications (NIS 87:2000). A water-binder ratio of 0.4 was determined as optimal for all the blocks under investigation. Four models with precision values higher than 4.0 were generated to predict the compressive strengths of the blocks. This research represents a valuable contribution to developing environmentally friendly building materials for the construction industry.
Comparative Analysis of Statistical Models for Predicting the Properties of Agricultural Waste-Enhanced Sandcrete Blocks
Behaviour of Fly-Ash Geopolymer Mortar in Simulated Environments (Text)
Behaviour of Fly-Ash Geopolymer Mortar in Simulated Environments (Other)
HTML Summary of #1332 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Behaviour of Fly-Ash Geopolymer Mortar in Simulated Environments</epc:when>
Concrete and mortar usually found themselves in normal and harsh environments. The environment has great influence on the mechanical and durability behaviours of the concrete. In this study, fly ash was processed using circular economy concept and subsequently used as precursor for geopolymer mortar. The fly ash from Morupule power plant station has previously been characterized for its physical, chemical, and microstructural properties. Based on its suitability, the fresh and mechanical properties of the geopolymer mortar were carried out, and afterward, the durability behaviour is investigated in this study. The geopolymer mortar was formulated from the mixture of fly ash, sand and alkaline activators and cured thermally at 70°C. The behaviour of the geopolymer mortar in sulphuric acid solution, sodium sulphate solution, water absorption and fire resistance properties were simulated, and their loss in compressive strength and weight were determined. The laboratory experiment indicated that geopolymer mortars are highly resistant to sulphate attack, water absorption with moderate resistance against sulfuric acid and fire resistance. The effects of varying other parameters on the performance of concrete can be looked into in the future studies.
Behaviour of Fly-Ash Geopolymer Mortar in Simulated Environments
The Use of Machine Learning Approach to Predict Pile Capacity in Non-Cohesive Soils (Text)
The Use of Machine Learning Approach to Predict Pile Capacity in Non-Cohesive Soils (Other)
HTML Summary of #1334 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Use of Machine Learning Approach to Predict Pile Capacity in Non-Cohesive Soils</epc:when>
Existing theoretical and empirical pile design methods cannot accurately model the complex interaction between piles and soil. Consequently, there is a growing trend towards utilizing machine learning techniques to better capture the nonlinear soil-pile interaction. This paper aims to predict the capacity of bored piles in cohesionless soils using a machine learning approach. The machine learning algorithm was trained using a database of 18 bored pile cases in non-cohesive soils and validated with a separate dataset of 8 bored piles in cohesionless soil. Moreover, the performance of the machine learning method was compared with that of a traditional pile design method (i.e., SA-SPT method) in Southern Africa. The evaluation was based on the ratio of measured capacity to predicted capacity (Qm/Qp) statistics and the coefficient of determination (R2). The results showed an R2 of 0.89 for the machine learning method compared to 0.85 for the SA-SPT method, indicating the superior accuracy of the machine learning approach in predicting pile capacity.
The Use of Machine Learning Approach to Predict Pile Capacity in Non-Cohesive Soils
Comparison of 5 and 10 Storey Frame Buildings and 5 and 10 Storey Shear Wall-Frame Buildings Under the Effect of Maras Earthquake According to the Turkish Building Earthquake Code 2018 (Text)
Comparison of 5 and 10 Storey Frame Buildings and 5 and 10 Storey Shear Wall-Frame Buildings Under the Effect of Maras Earthquake According to the Turkish Building Earthquake Code 2018 (Other)
HTML Summary of #1306 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Comparison of 5 and 10 Storey Frame Buildings and 5 and 10 Storey Shear Wall-Frame Buildings Under the Effect of Maras Earthquake According to the Turkish Building Earthquake Code 2018</epc:when>
In this study, the differences in the displacements, base shear forces, relative storey drifts and foundation stresses under different earthquake data on different storeys of shear wall frame systems and framed systems are investigated by using SAP2000 program. Within the scope of the study, four buildings with 5-storey frame, 5-storey shear wall frame, 10-storey frame and 10 storey shear wall frame are modelled. All four buildings were designed to be identical with 4 spans in X and Y directions and each span was designed as 5 meters. The height of each floor is designed as 3 meters for all four buildings. In sheared structures, shear walls are designed to be 4 meters from the corner columns to the columns closest to them. The earthquake data to be influenced on all four structures are the earthquake data from the Earthquake Hazard Map of Turkey published by AFAD at the coordinates of 41° latitude, 27° longitude of Kırklareli province, Luleburgaz district. Another earthquake parameter was taken from station 4615 during the earthquake in Kahramanmaras. The data recorded by station 4615 for the 7.6 Mw earthquake in Kahramanmaras was applied to all four structures. These two earthquake data were imposed on these four structures in order to compare the resulting displacements, relative storey drifts, base shear forces and foundation stresses. Since the structures are all symmetrical in both X and Y directions, only one direction of the displacements was calculated. As a result, when both the earthquake data from the Earthquake Hazard Map and the Kahramanmaras earthquake data were applied to these four structures, it was observed that the maximum values of the displacements occurred at the top floors of all structures and the effect of the Kahramanmaras earthquake data was higher in the displacements, relative storey drifts, base shear forces and foundation stresses than the effect of the other earthquake data.
Comparison of 5 and 10 Storey Frame Buildings and 5 and 10 Storey Shear Wall-Frame Buildings Under the Effect of Maras Earthquake According to the Turkish Building Earthquake Code 2018
Fixed-Bed Adsorption Dynamics of Total Organic Carbon from Gamodubu Landfill Leachate Using Biochar Derived From Gaborone Wastewater Treatment Plant Sewage Sludge (Text)
Fixed-Bed Adsorption Dynamics of Total Organic Carbon from Gamodubu Landfill Leachate Using Biochar Derived From Gaborone Wastewater Treatment Plant Sewage Sludge (Other)
HTML Summary of #1318 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Fixed-Bed Adsorption Dynamics of Total Organic Carbon from Gamodubu Landfill Leachate Using Biochar Derived From Gaborone Wastewater Treatment Plant Sewage Sludge</epc:when>
In developing countries like Botswana, addressing leachate treatment presents considerable difficulties, especially regarding the management of sewage sludge (SS). This research evaluated the capacity of activated biochar, derived from sewage sludge, to adsorb Total Organic Carbon (TOC). Biochar was produced under conditions with limited oxygen, by placing approximately 50 grams of dried sewage sludge in sealed porcelain crucibles and heating them at a rate of 10°C per minute to 400°C for four hours. The resulting biochar (WWSBC400) was then stored in plastic bags in a dry environment. The pyrolysis yield was calculated as the ratio of the weight of the produced biochar to the initial weight of the dry sewage sludge. The study identified the maximum adsorption capacities (qm) for TOC in landfill leachate solutions, highlighting surface precipitation as a key adsorption mechanism for WWSBC400. Additionally, the removal of carbon ions using biochar produced from sludge at Gaborone's wastewater treatment facility was investigated. Continuous adsorption columns were utilized to demonstrate TOC solution adsorption, with performance evaluated in a fixed-bed column through model simulation. The Thomas model was used to compare experimental kinetic data, with the experimental data generally aligning well with the Thomas model, achieving a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.9114 for the first round of activated biochar removal. The adsorption capacity of the biochar was recorded at 389.265 mg/g after 14.5 hours of column adsorption, with regeneration studies showing varying adsorption capacities of 742.82 mg/g, 875.47 mg/g, 682.13 mg/g, and 735.21 mg/g for successive rounds. Surface precipitation was found to be a vital process for carbon adsorption onto WWSBC400. In conclusion, using sewage sludge biochar for co-contaminated soil shows potential for heavy metal immobilization, presenting a viable option for environmental rehabilitation.
Fixed-Bed Adsorption Dynamics of Total Organic Carbon from Gamodubu Landfill Leachate Using Biochar Derived From Gaborone Wastewater Treatment Plant Sewage Sludge
Integrating Prophet Forecasting with Gaussian Mixture Model-Hidden Markov Model (GMM-HMM) for Early Warning System in Dam Deformation Monitoring (Text)
Integrating Prophet Forecasting with Gaussian Mixture Model-Hidden Markov Model (GMM-HMM) for Early Warning System in Dam Deformation Monitoring (Other)
HTML Summary of #1322 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Integrating Prophet Forecasting with Gaussian Mixture Model-Hidden Markov Model (GMM-HMM) for Early Warning System in Dam Deformation Monitoring</epc:when>
Ensuring dam safety requires a monitoring system that can predict deformations and detect anomalies in real-time. This study combines the forecasting capabilities of the Prophet model with the real-time anomaly detection of a Gaussian Mixture Model-Hidden Markov Model (GMM-HMM) framework. The Prophet model analyses historical deformation data to forecast future deformations, enabling early issue identification. The GMM-HMM framework continuously monitors incoming data to detect deviations from predictions. Results shows that the GMM-HMM, with 10 components and a Mahalanobis distance threshold of 0.1, achieved a precision of 0.602, recall of 1.0, and F-1 score of 0.751, ensuring high sensitivity and accurate anomaly detection on. The GMM-HMM was then used to detect anomalies on Prophet forecasted radial deformations. Anomalies were detected on upper limit and lower limit deformations. This combined approach enhances dam safety by integrating predictive and real-time monitoring capabilities, offering a comprehensive early warning system for dam infrastructure.
Integrating Prophet Forecasting with Gaussian Mixture Model-Hidden Markov Model (GMM-HMM) for Early Warning System in Dam Deformation Monitoring
Enhancing Water Level Prediction through a Hybrid Feature Selection Approach (Text)
Enhancing Water Level Prediction through a Hybrid Feature Selection Approach (Other)
HTML Summary of #1329 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Enhancing Water Level Prediction through a Hybrid Feature Selection Approach</epc:when>
Accurate prediction of water levels (WL) is essential for various applications, from flood management to environmental monitoring. In this study, an enhanced approach to feature selection tailored for water level prediction models is presented. Our method integrates Mutual Information and Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation (RFECV), augmented by the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), to systematically evaluate and refine subsets of features. Mutual Information facilitates the identification of relevant feature dependencies, while RFECV iteratively eliminates less informative features to optimize predictive accuracy. The inclusion of NSGA-II further enhances the selection process by considering multiple conflicting objectives simultaneously, such as maximizing R2 score and minimizing the number of selected features, RMSE, and MAE. Through extensive experimentation and validation on real-world datasets, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our hybrid feature selection approach in capturing intricate relationships within the data, leading to significantly improved predictive performance in water level prediction models.
Enhancing Water Level Prediction through a Hybrid Feature Selection Approach
Comparison of Concrete Strengthened with Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Carbon Textile-Reinforced Mortar (CTRM) (Text)
Comparison of Concrete Strengthened with Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Carbon Textile-Reinforced Mortar (CTRM) (Other)
HTML Summary of #1308 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Comparison of Concrete Strengthened with Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Carbon Textile-Reinforced Mortar (CTRM)</epc:when>
Applying new composite material for strengthening and repairing existing structures is an important research topic. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer/Plastics (CFRP) and Carbon Textile Reinforced Mortar (CTRM) are two common structural external reinforcement materials. 18 concrete specimens strengthened with CFRP and CTRM are prepared in this study. The quasi-static single-sided shear tests combined with the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method is applied. The results show that the interface bonding strength of CFRP strengthening (0.76-0.96 MPa) is 65.0% to 74.8% higher than the CTRM-concrete interface (0.43-0.63 MPa). The ductility and energy dissipation capacity of CTRM strengthening is better than that of CFRP strengthening, and the effective bonding length is 125 to 300 mm. In practical work, CFRP is preferred for improving the strength of concrete components, while CTRM is preferred for improving ductility and seismic resistance.
Comparison of Concrete Strengthened with Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Carbon Textile-Reinforced Mortar (CTRM)
Heritability and Genetic Correlations of Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in White and Brown Strains of Japanese Quail (Text)
Heritability and Genetic Correlations of Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in White and Brown Strains of Japanese Quail (Other)
HTML Summary of #1143 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Heritability and Genetic Correlations of Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in White and Brown Strains of Japanese Quail</epc:when>
Successful breeding programs for Japanese quails rely on accurately estimating genetic parameters linked to economically important traits such as body weight, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. The objective of the present study was to evaluate body weight (BW) characteristics, carcass attributes, and their genetic correlations with select meat quality traits in two strains of Japanese quail (white and brown). A total of 530 quail chicks, with 265 from each strain, were included in the analysis. At six weeks of age, the quails were slaughtered, and carcass traits as well as amino acid profiles were measured. For BW traits, the heritability (h2) estimates ranged from 0.27 at d 1 to 0.36 at d 42. The h2 estimated for carcass traits ranged from 0.19 for liver weight, to 0.42 for carcass yield (CY). The h2 estimated for drip loss (DL) of meat quality was 0.21, and the h2 estimate was 0.35 for the meat’s ultimate Ph (Phu). White quail quails recorded the heaviest weight of all carcass traits. Also, white quails had the highest water-holding capacity (WHC), yellowness (b*), and lightness (L*) with the lowest level of DL, cooking losses (CL), and redness (a*) in muscles compared with brown quails. A high genetic correlation of 0.32 was noted between CW carcass weight (CW) and b*. For the pHU, a negative correlation of -0.11 was exhibited with BW. In contrast, L* appeared to have a positive but smaller relationship with CW and CY. High negative correlations were noted for b* with CY -0.27. The CW showed a moderate relationship (0.19) with CL. In conclusion, the current study revealed that the white quail strain had high BW, as well as the finest carcass traits and meat quality. Therefore, white plumage Japanese quail might be preferred as a meat-producing strain. © The Author(s) 2024
Heritability and Genetic Correlations of Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in White and Brown Strains of Japanese Quail
MINERALS CONTENT OF WATER SOURCES FOR LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN ETHIOPIA (Text)
MINERALS CONTENT OF WATER SOURCES FOR LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN ETHIOPIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #1101 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">MINERALS CONTENT OF WATER SOURCES FOR LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN ETHIOPIA</epc:when>
Minerals are essential nutrients for sustainable livestock production and productivity. Water is a source of minerals to livestock production beside feed minerals. Presence of some minerals in water at higher levels will be toxic to animals and will affect animal health and productivity. So, it is essential to know the mineral content of water sources for livestock consumption in the country. This paper is based on a review of literature that was conducted on the mineral content and quality of water sources mainly for human consumption and other purposes in Ethiopia. Based on the literature values of the mineral content of the water sources and recommended values of minerals in livestock drinking water, the water sources were assessed for their suitability for livestock production. The review showed the presence of variation in the mineral content of the water sources in Ethiopia. In addition, there is variation in the mineral content of the water sources between the dry and the wet season. The total dissolved solids (TDS), Calcium, magnesium, chromium and zinc content of the water sources in Ethiopia is within acceptable levels for livestock consumption. But the sodium, chloride, copper, fluoride, iron, lead and manganese content of some of the water sources (river, well and lake) in the country is beyond the maximum recommended level. This demands implementation of mitigation mechanisms to reduce the mineral contents of water sources; otherwise, it will result in deleterious effects on the health and productivity of animals. Generally, there is a lack of adequate research on the mineral content of water sources for livestock production in the country. So, there is a need to conduct more research on the water sources being consumed by livestock in the country in the future. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
MINERALS CONTENT OF WATER SOURCES FOR LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN ETHIOPIA
USING LIGNOCELLULOSE FIBER IN FEED TO MAINTAIN HEALTH AND IMPROVE THE GROWTH OF POST-WEAN PIGLETS (Text)
USING LIGNOCELLULOSE FIBER IN FEED TO MAINTAIN HEALTH AND IMPROVE THE GROWTH OF POST-WEAN PIGLETS (Other)
HTML Summary of #1102 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">USING LIGNOCELLULOSE FIBER IN FEED TO MAINTAIN HEALTH AND IMPROVE THE GROWTH OF POST-WEAN PIGLETS</epc:when>
This study aims to determine how adding fiber lignocellulose in feed affects performance, intestinal health, morbidity, and mortality in post-wean piglets. The animal model used was 54 piglets divided into three groups of treatments: the control group was given starter commercial feed, group T1 was given starter pig feed with added 1 lignocellulose fiber, and the T2 group was assigned starter feed with the additional 2 lignocellulose fiber. Treatment is given for 4 weeks starting at 41–68 days old. Health observations were also carried out during the research. Piglet performance is determined based on feed intake, body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Examination of the health of the gastrointestinal tract by measuring the length and weight of the intestine, microscopic length of the villi and depth of the crypts, as well as the number of Escherichia coli in the piglet’s small intestine. The research showed that adding 1 and 2 lignocellulose fiber in the feed for 28 days may increase feed intake and body weight and reduce FCR significantly. Adding lignocellulose fiber may significantly lower diarrhea incidents, and death was not found in the treatment group. Lignocellulose fiber may increase villi’s intestinal length and weight height compared with control. It can be concluded that supplementing lignocellulose fiber through feed may increase the piglet’s health growth and efficiency. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
USING LIGNOCELLULOSE FIBER IN FEED TO MAINTAIN HEALTH AND IMPROVE THE GROWTH OF POST-WEAN PIGLETS
PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS EXTRACTS (Mallotus oppositifolius AND Kalanchoe crenata) AS ANTIMICROBIALS AGAINST SALMONELLOSIS IN POULTRY (Text)
PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS EXTRACTS (Mallotus oppositifolius AND Kalanchoe crenata) AS ANTIMICROBIALS AGAINST SALMONELLOSIS IN POULTRY (Other)
HTML Summary of #1104 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS EXTRACTS (Mallotus oppositifolius AND Kalanchoe crenata) AS ANTIMICROBIALS AGAINST SALMONELLOSIS IN POULTRY</epc:when>
This study is a contribution to the search for alternatives to combat antibiotic resistance in Salmonella strains in poultry farming. The objective of this work is to highlight the main phytochemical compounds of 2 Ivorian medicinal plants (Mallotus oppositifolius and Kalanchoe crenata) and to evaluate their acute oral toxicity with a view to their use in the poultry sector, to fight against certain avian pathologies, including Salmonellosis. The phytochemical compounds of the extracts of the plants used in this study were highlighted by colouring and precipitation methods. Acute oral toxicity was adapted to broilers according to the guideline OECD 425, 2008. The phytochemical screening carried out showed that aqueous extract of Mallotus oppositifolius possesses polyphenols and catechical tannins. The ethanolic extract also has anthraquinones, saponosides, sterols, and terpenes. The ethanolic extract of Kalanchoe crenata only owns polyphenols and catechical tannins. At the end of the acute oral toxicity study, no mortality was observed in all batches of experimentation and the biochemical analysis of the subject’s blood showed creatinine values ≤ 10 mg/L.; aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) ≤ 275 IU/L; alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 50 IU/L, urea=0.01g/L, CRP≤6 mg/L; and blood sugar was between 2 and 5 g/L in subjects from different batches. Ultimately, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Mallotus oppositifolius and the ethanolic extract of Kalanchoe crenata can be used as an antibacterial in broiler farming. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS EXTRACTS (Mallotus oppositifolius AND Kalanchoe crenata) AS ANTIMICROBIALS AGAINST SALMONELLOSIS IN POULTRY
PRINCIPAL BREEDING FACTORS INFLUENCING MILK YIELD AND REPRODUCTION IN RED CHITTAGONG CATTLE (Text)
PRINCIPAL BREEDING FACTORS INFLUENCING MILK YIELD AND REPRODUCTION IN RED CHITTAGONG CATTLE (Other)
HTML Summary of #1105 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PRINCIPAL BREEDING FACTORS INFLUENCING MILK YIELD AND REPRODUCTION IN RED CHITTAGONG CATTLE</epc:when>
The study aimed to investigate the principal breeding factors influencing milk yield and reproduction in the Red Chittagong cattle (RCC). Retrospective records of a total of 20 dairy cows from the 1st to the 2nd parities were collected from the record sheet from January 2020 to June 2022. Results indicated that birth weight of the RCC was 7.5 higher (P=0.023) in parity 2 when compared with parity 1. Accordingly, total milk yield per lactation was 10.2 higher (P=0.004) in parity 2 in comparison with parity 1. Age at first service was 34.7 higher (P=0.001) in parity 2 compared with parity 1. Accordingly, age at first conception was 38.3 higher (P=0.001) in parity 2 compared with parity 1. The dry period was 22.8 higher (P=0.001) in parity 1 compared with parity 2. Age at first service was 18.3 higher (P=0.014) in natural service (NS) compared with artificial insemination (AI). Age at first conception was 16.5 higher (P=0.023) in NS compared with AI. Post-partum period was 11.9 higher (P=0.008) in AI compared with NS. Days open was 8.9 higher (P=0.018) in AI compared with NS. Calving interval was 2.9 higher (P=0.006) in AI compared with NS. An increased probability of infertility was associated with NS compared with AI. Birth weight of the calf and dry period of the dam were negatively correlated while live weight and post-partum period of the dam were positively correlated milk yield at the expense of reproductive health. A decreased probability of milk fever, mastitis, metritis and infertility was associated with increased milk yield. Principal component analysis revealed that days open, calving interval and service per conception were the principal eigenvectors determining performance of RCC. Overall, RCC performed better in the 2nd parity compared with the 1st parity. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
PRINCIPAL BREEDING FACTORS INFLUENCING MILK YIELD AND REPRODUCTION IN RED CHITTAGONG CATTLE
BODY LENGTH AS PREDICTOR FOR IMPROVING BODY WEIGHT OF WHITE LEGHORN CHICKEN BREED (Text)
BODY LENGTH AS PREDICTOR FOR IMPROVING BODY WEIGHT OF WHITE LEGHORN CHICKEN BREED (Other)
HTML Summary of #1106 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">BODY LENGTH AS PREDICTOR FOR IMPROVING BODY WEIGHT OF WHITE LEGHORN CHICKEN BREED</epc:when>
The association between live body weight and morphometric traits plays a major role in the daily management and improvement of poultry. The objective of the current study was to determine the association between morphometric features and live body weight, as well as to investigate the direct and indirect effects of morphometric traits on White Leghorn laying hens’ live body weight. Live body weight (BW) and morphometric traits including shank circumference (SC), body length (BL), wing length (WL), shank length (SL), toe to back length (TBL), beak length (BKL), beak to comb length (BCL), height (CH) and chest girth (CG) were collected from one hundred (n = 100) White Leghorn laying hens aged 40 weeks. The correlation findings showed that BW was positively correlated to SL, WL, SC, BL, and CH (p < 0.05). The Path analysis results reported that BL (0.45) had the highest direct effect on BW while WL (0.14) had the highest indirect effect on BW via BL. Correlation results propose that improvement of BL, SL, SC, CG and CH might increase the BW of White Leghorn hens. Path analysis results, on the other hand, imply that BL and SC may be used as selection basis during breeding to improve BW in chickens. This study suggests that BW of White Leghorn is correlated with some morphometric traits that might be used during breeding. The findings also suggest that body length directly influences the live body weight of White Leghorn chicken breed. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
BODY LENGTH AS PREDICTOR FOR IMPROVING BODY WEIGHT OF WHITE LEGHORN CHICKEN BREED
THE EFFICIENCY OF PIGS FROM DIFFERENT GENETIC ORIGINS UNDER INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS IN UKRAINE (Text)
THE EFFICIENCY OF PIGS FROM DIFFERENT GENETIC ORIGINS UNDER INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS IN UKRAINE (Other)
HTML Summary of #1103 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">THE EFFICIENCY OF PIGS FROM DIFFERENT GENETIC ORIGINS UNDER INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS IN UKRAINE</epc:when>
The study investigated the dependence of the fattening qualities of pigs and the economic efficiency of their breeding on their genetic origin. Two groups of 28 sows of Danish and Canadian origin inseminated with semen from Durok boars served as research material. A control group consisted of F1 sows of the Landrace and Large White Danish breeds inseminated with semen from Danish Durok boars. The group II, on the other hand, consisted of F1 sows of similar breeds from Canadian selection inseminated with semen from Canadian Durok boars. The studies focused on the efficiency of the sows’ reproductive function, the growth intensity of the hybrid piglets and the efficiency and profitability of their rearing and fattening. Methods of analogue pairs and statistical data analysis were used. It was found that piglets of Canadian origin had a 7.5 higher average head weight during the weaning period, which contributed to a 7.5 higher market value and at the same time to a 6.7 higher income from rearing a piglet during this period and to a 3 higher profitability of its rearing compared to analogues of Danish origin. It was shown that animals of Danish origin had a 9.6 higher gross growth of the piglet litter during the fattening period, which gave them a 7.6 higher weight at the end of the fattening period and contributed to a 7 higher cost price for this period, a 7.6 higher market value and a 10.1 higher feedlot income and a 0.77 better feedlot profitability compared to Canadian-bred counterparts. We recommend the use of sows of Danish origin if the farm intends to sell weaned piglets, in the industrial farms. If the farm intends to sell full-grown or (fattened) slaughter pigs, it is advisable to use pigs of Canadian origin. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
THE EFFICIENCY OF PIGS FROM DIFFERENT GENETIC ORIGINS UNDER INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS IN UKRAINE
A Cross-sectional Study of Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Captive Wild Animals in Pakistan Zoological Gardens (Text)
A Cross-sectional Study of Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Captive Wild Animals in Pakistan Zoological Gardens (Other)
HTML Summary of #1202 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A Cross-sectional Study of Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Captive Wild Animals in Pakistan Zoological Gardens</epc:when>
The animals held captive in zoos often face health and well-being issues. Parasitic infections can lead to health problems in wildlife animals by affecting their gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify and evaluate the population of the various Gastrointestinal (GIT) parasites of wild animals enclosed in different zoological gardens in Pakistan. The fresh fecal samples (n = 960) of 20 captive wildlife animals were collected from Marghzar Zoo, Islamabad (n = 340), Ayub National Park, Rawalpindi (n = 221), Lohi Bher Wildlife Park, Rawalpindi (n = 296), and Bansra Galli Wildlife Park, Rawalpindi (n = 103). The samples were obtained from wildlife mammals, including urial (n = 95), blue bull (n = 106), chinkara gazelle (n = 77), zebra (n = 77), hog deer (n = 75), spotted deer (n = 43), blackbuck (n = 58), barking deer (n = 52), red deer (n = 104), yak (n = 44), grey goral (n = 40), lion (n = 37), mouflon sheep (n = 46), red fox (n = 12), bear (n = 37), grey wolf (n = 12), jackal (n = 12), vervet monkey (n = 12), rhesus monkey (n = 12), and langoor (n = 12). Various methods, such as direct smear examination, standard sedimentation, and floatation techniques were applied to detect and identify the endoparasites in the fecal sample. The detailed routine parasitological analysis identified approximately 52 endoparasites in the fecal samples, including Haemonchus contortus, Eimeria bovis, Ostertagia curcumcincta, Strongyloides papillosus, Strogylus equinus, Oxyuris equi, Chabertia ovina, Protostrongylus, and Trichostrongylus vitrines. The obtained results indicated that Lohi Bher Wildlife Park (46.35) had a higher prevalence of GIT parasites, compared to Marghzar Zoo (33.23), Bansra Galli Wildlife Park (33.02), and Ayub National Park (19.45). The study reports mild to moderate parasitic infection in captive wild animals and that could affect the survivability of the animals in captivity. The findings of the study can be used to formulate a proper health protocol and sanitation management in captive wild animals to control parasitic infections. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
A Cross-sectional Study of Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Captive Wild Animals in Pakistan Zoological Gardens
The Alternatives of Antibiotics in Poultry Production for Reducing Antimicrobial Resistance (Text)
The Alternatives of Antibiotics in Poultry Production for Reducing Antimicrobial Resistance (Other)
HTML Summary of #1195 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Alternatives of Antibiotics in Poultry Production for Reducing Antimicrobial Resistance</epc:when>
Antibiotics are natural, semi-synthetic, or chemical compounds that have anti-microbial activity and are used in livestock and poultry production for a variety of reasons, including therapeutic and growth promotion. The use of antibiotics in poultry production has been associated with the development of resistant bacteria. The present study attempted to explain the role of antibiotics as poultry growth promoters, bacterial resistance, and risks for human health, with a special focus on some selected bacterial species isolated from poultry farms and products. Furthermore, the manuscript reviewed the literature on alternative feed additives to reduce the reliance on antibiotics. Microbial resistance is a significant global health concern that has been a top global threat in the 21st century. The use of antibiotics in poultry production as non-therapeutic or growth promoters is at low doses and continuously, associated with developing resistant bacteria. Meanwhile, antibiotic-resistant genes in humans may have their roots in the diets of animals treated with antibiotics. Developing bacterial resistance has encouraged researchers to reduce the reliance on antibiotics by identifying potential feed additives, such as essential oils, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, probiotics, prebiotics, organic acid, and enzymes that improve the immune system functions, reduce morbidity and mortality, improve the growth performances of poultry, and preserve consumer health. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
The Alternatives of Antibiotics in Poultry Production for Reducing Antimicrobial Resistance
Evaluation of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolated from Layer Hens and Murine Fecal Pellets in Poultry Farms of Libya (Text)
Evaluation of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolated from Layer Hens and Murine Fecal Pellets in Poultry Farms of Libya (Other)
HTML Summary of #1159 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Evaluation of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolated from Layer Hens and Murine Fecal Pellets in Poultry Farms of Libya</epc:when>
The rodents play a significant role in the transmission of Salmonella between farms and regions. The present study aimed to compare the virulence of Salmonella enteritidis isolated from fecal samples of laying hens and murine within the same poultry house but different regions in Libya using Vivo-quantitative measurement of invasiveness (chicken intestinal loop model). A total of 540 cloacal swabs from laying hens (Hy-line brown chickens) aged 36 weeks and 200 batches of murine fecal pellets were collected from the same poultry house at Gaser Bin Gisher and Furnag regions in Libya. The samples were passed on pre-enrichment broth (Buffered Peptone Water) and enrichment broths (Rappaport Vassiliadis, Selenite broth, and tetrathionate), then the samples were cultured onto Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar, brilliant green agar, Salmonella Shigella agar, and Hektoen enteric agar. Single colonies were selected and stained by gram stain and tested biochemically using analytical profile index (API) 20 tests. Salmonella enteritidis was isolated from all the collected samples. The invasion of Salmonella enteritidis isolated from laying hens and murine feces was significantly higher in the anterior inoculation position compared to the posterior position of jejunum in both regions. The account of Salmonella enteritidis isolated from laying feces of hens and murine at Gaser Bengasher region was significantly higher than that isolated from the AlFurnge region. In the present study, the rodents act only as mechanical transmitters without affecting Salmonella invasiveness capacity. Furthermore, the invasion of Salmonella enteritidis depends on the inoculation position in the jejunum. Moreover, the invasiveness variation of Salmonella enteritidis isolated from the Gaser Bengasher and AlFurnge regions could be attributed to the presence of different Salmonella strains in the studied area. Salmonella enteritidis isolated from poultry and murine in the current study was sensitive to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin and resistant to doxycycline, chloramphenicol, sulfafurazol, and ampicillin. © Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Evaluation of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolated from Layer Hens and Murine Fecal Pellets in Poultry Farms of Libya
Efficiency of Recycled Plastic Bedding Material and Gender in Improvement of Productive Traits, Physiological, and Immunological Parameters of Hybrid Broiler Chickens (Text)
Efficiency of Recycled Plastic Bedding Material and Gender in Improvement of Productive Traits, Physiological, and Immunological Parameters of Hybrid Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #1155 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Efficiency of Recycled Plastic Bedding Material and Gender in Improvement of Productive Traits, Physiological, and Immunological Parameters of Hybrid Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Litter management is important for poultry housing husbandry and affects chicken performance. The present study evaluated the effect of bedding material and gender on the productive, physiological, and immunological performance of a new hybrid chicken (WINZY Line 105) under cold stress for 56 days of age. A total of 540 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into two groups. The groups, including 270 males (M) and 270 females (F) were further divided into two sub-groups, including sawdust litter (SL) and plastic slatted floor (PSF), three replicates, and 45 chickens each. Broiler chickens were raised during the winter with an average temperature of 10oC for 56 days. Productive, physiological, and immunological performance parameters were measured. The obtained results indicated that M reared on PSF (M x PSF) recorded the highest values in body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), carcass characteristics, and the best values in feed conversion compared with other interaction groups during all experimental periods. In addition, F reared on PSF had higher BW, carcass, and thigh percentages, low feed intake (FI), and best feed conversion compared to females reared on SL. The M reared on PSF had the highest hepatic enzymes except AST which was higher in F reared on PSF than other treatments. However, renal function biomarkers (Creatine, Uric acid, Urea) were higher in both M and F that were reared on SL than those reared on PSF. Moreover, there was a significant interaction detected for antibody titters against avian influenza (H5) and Newcastle disease at 21 days of age suggesting that the highest values observed for M reared on PSF (M x PSF) compared with other interaction groups during the experimental period, and it was higher in F that reared on PSF than F reared on SL at 21 days of age. It can be concluded that plastic slatted floors could be an alternative to substitute wood shavings to raise broiler chickens since it was efficient from the perspective of environmental conditions and production rates. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
Efficiency of Recycled Plastic Bedding Material and Gender in Improvement of Productive Traits, Physiological, and Immunological Parameters of Hybrid Broiler Chickens
Landmarks in Quail Coccidiosis Research with Special Scrutiny to the Available Egyptian Literature: A Review (Text)
Landmarks in Quail Coccidiosis Research with Special Scrutiny to the Available Egyptian Literature: A Review (Other)
HTML Summary of #1156 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Landmarks in Quail Coccidiosis Research with Special Scrutiny to the Available Egyptian Literature: A Review</epc:when>
Quails are an important alternative to chicken production for protein sources, offering many advantages over other poultry species. However, raising quail faces certain challenges, such as a shortage of specified hatcheries and the lack of local markets for quail eggs and meat, particularly in Egypt. In addition, there is less interest in quail’s medication and vaccine production. A significant disease affecting the health and productivity of quails is coccidiosis, which is associated with poor feed conversion ratio, lower growth performance, heightened mortality, and high cost of vaccination and treatment. Attention to quail coccidiosis and its clinical forms, diagnosis, morphological characterization, control, and prevention is very critical for improving quail meat and egg production. This review compiles scientific data on quail coccidiosis, with a focus on literature from Egypt, for classification, data analysis, and processing. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
Landmarks in Quail Coccidiosis Research with Special Scrutiny to the Available Egyptian Literature: A Review
Comparative Study of Various Diagnostic Methods for Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in Egyptian Chicken Flocks (Text)
Comparative Study of Various Diagnostic Methods for Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in Egyptian Chicken Flocks (Other)
HTML Summary of #1154 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Comparative Study of Various Diagnostic Methods for Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in Egyptian Chicken Flocks</epc:when>
The significance of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) in the poultry industry underscores the critical importance of diagnosing avian mycoplasmosis within the field of veterinary medicine. The present study aimed to compare various diagnostic methods for detecting MG and MS in Egyptian Chicken Flocks. A total of 360 samples were collected from breeder, layer, and broiler chickens from four governorates in Egypt. Conventional isolation methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for the direct detection of MG and MS, while serum plate agglutination test (SPA) and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used for detecting antibodies against MG and MS. The highest detection rate of MG was found in commercial layers, followed by breeders, and broilers. Regarding MS, the highest detection rate was found in breeders, followed by commercial layers, and broilers. By comparing the used diagnostic methods, MG and MS were determined by the SPA test (40 and 31.1 respectively), ELISA test (31.7 and 23.6), PCR (16.7 and 11.7), and by the conventional culture method (10.8 and 3.9). It could be concluded that the serological methods and PCR gave better sensitivity than culture methods and can be used in the diagnosis of avian mycoplasmosis. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
Comparative Study of Various Diagnostic Methods for Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in Egyptian Chicken Flocks
The Effects of Weather Conditions on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Dogs: A Field Study (Text)
The Effects of Weather Conditions on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Dogs: A Field Study (Other)
HTML Summary of #1198 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effects of Weather Conditions on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Dogs: A Field Study</epc:when>
Although animals have adaptation abilities to different environmental conditions, various physiological changes may occur. The present research aimed to evaluate the effects of severe winter conditions on hematological and biochemical parameters in dogs kept outside all year. The research was carried out in the province of Kars, which is known for its severe cold conditions in Türkiye. Vital signs, hematological, and biochemical parameters of 12 adult dogs aged 1–8 years old (mixed breed, 8 males and 4 females) included in the study were compared in winter and summer seasons. The results indicated a significant effect of the winter season on the body temperature, respiration, and pulse rate of the dogs. In addition, it was observed that some hematological, including White blood cell (WBC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) Hemoglobin (HB), and biochemical parameters (urea, TP, albumin, cholesterol, glucose, creatinine) of dogs differed in winter from those in summer. It should be considered that the vital values of dogs living outdoors in intense winter differed from those in mild winter or summer. It is also concluded that veterinarians should consider these differences in routine clinical examinations of these animals. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
The Effects of Weather Conditions on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Dogs: A Field Study
Effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Cinnamon (Cinnamon zeylanicum) on Production, Fatty Acid Profile, and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens (Text)
Effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Cinnamon (Cinnamon zeylanicum) on Production, Fatty Acid Profile, and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #1157 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Cinnamon (Cinnamon zeylanicum) on Production, Fatty Acid Profile, and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Phytogenic feed additives play an important role in broilers' nutrition, contributing to the improvement of the performance and quality of meat. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Cinnamon (Cinnamon zeylanicum) on broiler chicken production, fatty acid profile, and meat quality. In the present study, 140-day-old Vencob-400 broiler chicks were divided into 7 groups, including the control group (with no additives, T0), and T1 to T6 groups receiving varying concentrations of cinnamon and ginger. Accordingly, the chickens’ diet in T1 was supplemented with 1.0 cinnamon, T2 with 2.0 cinnamon, T3 with 3.0 cinnamon, T4 with 1.0 ginger, T5 with 2.0 ginger, and T6 with 3.0 ginger, all calculated based on dry matter. The carcass traits, weight of immune organs, organoleptic tests, and fatty acid profile of meat (breast and thigh) were recorded after the age of 42 days. The findings indicated that the breast and thigh had the highest organ weights in group T4 compared to other groups, however, the neck, back, drumstick, wing, and heart were not affected. The inclusion of 2 cinnamon (T2) and 1 ginger (T4) in the diet, significantly enhanced the color, texture, flavor, juiciness, and overall acceptability of the meat, compared to the diet of the control group. Adding a supplement of 2 cinnamon or 1 ginger powder to the diet of broiler chickens significantly decreased the percentage of total saturated fatty acid and increased the total unsaturated fatty acid (breast and thigh). The improvement in fatty acid composition is beneficial for the quality of the broiler meat. Based on these findings, it is recommended to supplement the diet of the broiler with either 2 cinnamon or 1 ginger powder to improve the carcass parameters and quality of the meat. © The Author(s) 2024
Effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Cinnamon (Cinnamon zeylanicum) on Production, Fatty Acid Profile, and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens
Macroscopic Differences of Pig Eye after Death: A Veterinary Forensic Study (Text)
Macroscopic Differences of Pig Eye after Death: A Veterinary Forensic Study (Other)
HTML Summary of #1199 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Macroscopic Differences of Pig Eye after Death: A Veterinary Forensic Study</epc:when>
The study of veterinary forensics is a field of science that is developing rapidly in the world of veterinary medicine. Veterinary forensics plays a crucial role in investigating and resolving cases involving animals, either as subjects or objects in incidents and ensuring the collection of all possible biological and physical evidence. Given the close relationship between humans and animals, numerous significant cases arise that are pertinent to veterinary forensics. The current research aimed to determine early post-mortem changes in pigs, providing insights into animal mortality in real-world scenarios. Observations were made on seven male Yorkshire pigs, aged 3 months old, with an average weight of 30.1 kg. Pigs were observed at four different post-mortem intervals, including 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after death, with initial observations at the time of death serving as the control. Observations of changes in the eye sclera, eye lens, eyeball temperature, and eyeball pressure were carried out at each time interval. Results at the 2nd and 4th hours post-mortem showed no macroscopic changes in the eye sclera and eye lens, but there were changes in eye pressure. By the 6th and 8th hours, changes in the sclera and eye lens showed desiccation in the area of the sclera and the eye lens, which became increasingly cloudy. The eyeball temperature measurement values from the 2nd to 8th hour of the study revealed a significant decrease in eyeball pressure. The results of this study indicated observable changes in the eyes can be used as a basic alternative method for calculating the introductory postmortem interval in animals in the future. There was a significant decrease in eyeball temperature, and eyeball compactness, as significant differences in the eye sclera, and eye lens at 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours post-mortem, compared to the time of death. These variables offer crucial insights into early post-mortem changes in pigs, using the eyes as the primary focus of observation. © (2024), (Scienceline Publication). All rights reserved.
Macroscopic Differences of Pig Eye after Death: A Veterinary Forensic Study
Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VII.1.1 from Egyptian Mallard Ducks with Nervous Manifestations (Text)
Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VII.1.1 from Egyptian Mallard Ducks with Nervous Manifestations (Other)
HTML Summary of #1158 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VII.1.1 from Egyptian Mallard Ducks with Nervous Manifestations</epc:when>
In Egypt, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains of genotype VII are known to be mild in domestic waterfowl and considered reservoirs. This is the first report for the detection of NDV GVII.1.1 from ducks showing severe clinical signs with high mortalities and nervous manifestations, additionally, isolation of NDV and molecular characterization for full HN and F genes were performed. In the current study, 16 backyard mallard duck flocks showing severe nervous signs with high mortalities were investigated by real-time RT-PCR using primers specific for the Fusion gene of NDV and matrix gene for avian influenza virus (AIV). Fourteen duck flocks tested positive for AIV and only two flocks tested positive for NDV infection. NDV was isolated from the trachea and brain of the same duck from each flock then full HN and F genes were sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis of the F and HN genes indicated that these strains were clustered with NDV genotype VII 1.1. The F gene had a specific mutation that cluster them in a new branch with with A11T in the signal peptide, N30S, T324A, and 480K in the hydrophobic heptad repeat (HRc) compared to the Lasota strain. The duck strains of NDV isolated from the brain had N294K in the hydrophobic heptad repeat-b (HRb) of F protein compared to the strains isolated from the trachea of the same duck, which may have a role in crossing the blood-brain barrier. The HN protein had a specific mutation that clustered them in a new branch with mutations of A4V, R15K in the cytoplasmic region, A28T in the transmembrane domain, and S76L in the HRa. In addition, HN protein had A50T, S54R T232N, P392S, and T443V, and multiple mutations were detected in the neutralizing epitopes specific to strains in the present study (N120G, K284R, S521T) that can alter virus antigenicity. The current study indicated the continuous evolution of NDV strains from genotype VII circulating in Egypt with increasing pathogenicity in ducks. The present findings demonstrated the urgent need for the vaccination of ducks and geese with killed NDV vaccines to reduce economic losses due to virus infection and prevent transmission to chickens helping in ND control in Egypt. © The Author(s) 2024
Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VII.1.1 from Egyptian Mallard Ducks with Nervous Manifestations
Gastrointestinal Helminths in Local (Black Bengal) and Jamunapari Goats of Barishal Sadar, Southern Bangladesh (Text)
Gastrointestinal Helminths in Local (Black Bengal) and Jamunapari Goats of Barishal Sadar, Southern Bangladesh (Other)
HTML Summary of #1197 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Gastrointestinal Helminths in Local (Black Bengal) and Jamunapari Goats of Barishal Sadar, Southern Bangladesh</epc:when>
Gastrointestinal helminths are important causes of hindering global goat production. To find the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths of Black Bengal and Jamunapari breeds of goats, the current investigation was carried out at Barishal Sadar Upazilla of Barishal district, Bangladesh. The gastrointestinal helminths were identified through coprological examination. A total of 112 fecal samples were collected from household goats across different seasons, breeds, sexes, and ages. During the study period, four types of gastrointestinal helminths were identified based on the presence of helminth eggs in fecal samples. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in goats was found to be 82.1, while the prevalence rates of Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica), Paramphistomum spp., Bunostomum spp., and Hemonchus spp. were 34.8 (95 CI: 1.4–2.5), 22.3 (95 CI: 0.7–1.8), 14.3 (95 CI: 0.1–1.5), and 10.7 (95 CI: 0.2–1.0), respectively. A significantly different prevalence was observed among different gastrointestinal helminths in goats. A significantly lower prevalence of F. gigantica and Paramphistomum spp. was observed in male goats, compared to females. A higher prevalence of F. gigantica was significantly observed during the winter, compared to the summer. The current study elucidates that F. gigantica was more prevalent in female goats. The current study indicated that F. gigantica was more prevalent in female goats. These findings underscore the importance of further research and control measures to manage gastrointestinal helminth infections in goats across southern Bangladesh and other regions with similar environmental conditions. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
Gastrointestinal Helminths in Local (Black Bengal) and Jamunapari Goats of Barishal Sadar, Southern Bangladesh
The Safety Evaluation of Novel Bio-based Calcium D-pantothenate Obtained from Recombinant Escherichia coli K12 on Growth Performance and Health Status of Broiler Chickens (Text)
The Safety Evaluation of Novel Bio-based Calcium D-pantothenate Obtained from Recombinant Escherichia coli K12 on Growth Performance and Health Status of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #1153 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Safety Evaluation of Novel Bio-based Calcium D-pantothenate Obtained from Recombinant Escherichia coli K12 on Growth Performance and Health Status of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
The production of traditional synthesized calcium D-pantothenate (D-PA) is accompanied with chemical pollution, therefore, the eco-friendly bio-fermentation technology has received widespread attention. In order to verify the safety of a novel D-PA product produced by genetically engineered bacteria (Escherichia coli K12), the authors of the current study investigated the influence of adding D-PA to the diet on growth performance and health status of broiler chickens. A total of 192 day-old healthy Arbor Acres broiler chickens with similar weight (43.21 ± 0.12 g) were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 6 replicates and 8 broiler chickens in each replicate (male and female in half). The Escherichia coli K12 was genetically engineered for the production of D-PA. The control group was fed with the basal diet containing 20 mg/kg synthesized D-PA (CT group). The treatments were supplemented with 20 (TCaP1 group, recommended dose group), 100 (TCaP5 group, 5-fold-dose group), and 200 (TCaP10 group, 10-fold-dose group) mg/kg bio-based D-PA product, respectively. The experiment lasted for 42 days and the growth performance and health status of broiler chickens were determined. The results indicated that the addition of 5- and 10-fold doses of bio-based D-PA could increase the average daily weight gain during 22–42 days of age and decrease the feed conversion rate during 22–42 and 1–42 days of age of broilers. There were some differences in white blood cell count, intermediate cell absolute value (MID) count, absolute granulocyte count, absolute lymphocyte count, granulocyte percentage, mean corpuscular volume, red blood cell distribution width-standard deviation, mean platelet volume and serum phosphorus and total bilirubin in different groups, compared with the CT group. Histological observations of the liver, spleen, pancreas, and small intestines showed that the tissue structures of various organs of the broiler chickens fed with the bio-based D-PA were clear, and no abnormal changes such as inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous tissue hyperplasia were observed in all groups. In summary, dietary supplementation of bio-based D-PA was safe within the 10-fold- dose (200mg/kg) to broiler chickens during 1–42 days. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
The Safety Evaluation of Novel Bio-based Calcium D-pantothenate Obtained from Recombinant Escherichia coli K12 on Growth Performance and Health Status of Broiler Chickens
Enterobacteriaceae Antibiotic Resistance Identification in Slender-billed Gull Species Migrating to Libya (Text)
Enterobacteriaceae Antibiotic Resistance Identification in Slender-billed Gull Species Migrating to Libya (Other)
HTML Summary of #1161 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Enterobacteriaceae Antibiotic Resistance Identification in Slender-billed Gull Species Migrating to Libya</epc:when>
The Libyan coast has various types of wetlands that are passed by many migratory birds throughout the year, however, studies on bacterial isolation from these birds in Lybia are scarce. The present study aimed to isolate enteropathogenic bacterial species from the seagulls that migrated to the Libyan coast as well as identification of the antibiotics that are resistant to these bacteria. A total of 50 fresh fecal samples were collected from slender-billed gulls in January 2023 at Farwa Island near the city of Zuwara, in Western Libya. Bacteria were isolated by conventional culturing method, identified using the Enterosystem 18R, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted on the isolated bacteria. The results revealed the isolation of 46 bacteria, but only 32 of them were identified using biochemical tests. These identified bacteria belong to six species of Enterobacteriacae, namely Citrobacter (C.) freundii, Pantoea (P.) agglomerans, Escherichia (E.) coli, Enterobacter (En.) cloacae, Serratia liquifaciens, and Proteus mirabilis, with percentages of 53.125, 31.25, 6.25, 3.125, 3.125, and 3.125, respectively. All isolated bacteria were 100 sensitive to gentamicin (10 µg) and ciprofloxacin (5 µg). The highest resistance result was observed against the antibiotic cefoxitin (30 µg), with both C. freundii (5 samples) and P. agglomerans (4 samples). Resistance was observed in 5 samples of C. freundii and 4 samples of P. agglomerans out of 11 samples. Resistance to antibiotics, such as azithromycin (15 µg), ceftriaxone (30 µg), and ampicillin (10 µg), was also noted in a few isolates. The results indicated that C. freundii was the most antibiotic-resistant bacterial species isolated in this study. The highest multiple antibiotic resistance index was demonstrated by bacteria C. freundii, P. agglomerans, and En. cloacae, with a value of 0.33 for each of them. In conclusion, slender-billed gulls carry multi-drug-resistant bacteria. The study recommends the implementation of a national program to survey antibiotic-resistant bacteria, determine their prevalence, and assess the presence of antibiotic residues in animal-derived food. Furthermore, the present study advises expanding scientific studies on risk analysis, and antibiotic alternatives in migratory birds. © Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Enterobacteriaceae Antibiotic Resistance Identification in Slender-billed Gull Species Migrating to Libya
Effects of Breeding Systems on Hen Egg Weight: A Meta-Analysis (Text)
Effects of Breeding Systems on Hen Egg Weight: A Meta-Analysis (Other)
HTML Summary of #1152 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Breeding Systems on Hen Egg Weight: A Meta-Analysis</epc:when>
In the egg production industry, egg weight is a critical parameter influencing economic viability. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of cage, free-range, and deep litter breeding systems on hen egg weight using meta-analysis. Articles were searched using Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science yielding 175 articles of which 22 articles were included in the present study. Methodological quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. A model was used to determine the effect of breeding systems on average hen egg weight. Meta-regression analysis was used to examine the effect of the following moderators, publication year, region, chicken age, and breed. The Cochran’s Q test and I2 statistic were performed for h heterogeneity across used studies. According to the obtained results, there was no significant difference between cage and free-range on average hen egg weight (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.08, I2 = 89, 95CI 0.19–0.34). The free-range breeding system had heavier hen egg weight than deep litter (SMD = 0.54, I2 = 88, 95CI 0.01–0.08). The findings also revealed that deep litter and free range had no significant difference in average hen egg weight (SMD = -0.05, I2 = 87, 95CI -0.28–0.17). Meta-regression findings showed that the origin of the used articles, the age of the chickens, and the chicken breed were observed as the main reasons for heterogeneity. This meta-analysis revealed that a free-range breeding system increased the average hen egg weight. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
Effects of Breeding Systems on Hen Egg Weight: A Meta-Analysis
Impact of Fixation of Camel Lymph Node Cells on Marker Expression Stability in Flow Cytometry (Text)
Impact of Fixation of Camel Lymph Node Cells on Marker Expression Stability in Flow Cytometry (Other)
HTML Summary of #1206 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Impact of Fixation of Camel Lymph Node Cells on Marker Expression Stability in Flow Cytometry</epc:when>
Single cell immunophenotyping by flow cytometry has proven a useful and high sensitive method for the analysis of immune cell composition and phenotype in different lymphatic and non-lymphatic tissues. Fixation of stained cells is usually recommended when the cells need to be preserved for later analysis by flow cytometry to avoid changes in cell morphology and expression of the level of cellular antigens. In the present study, a stain-fix approach was used in combination with flow cytometry to investigate the impact of fixation of camel lymph node cell suspension (n = 5 camels) after labeling with monoclonal antibodies to some leukocyte antigens on their cellular composition and expression density of immune cell markers. The obtained results indicated that camel lymph node cell suspension stained with fluorochrome-conjugated mAbs to leukocyte antigens and fixed with paraformaldehyde (PFA) will keep stable values for their immune cell composition for at least six days when analyzed by flow cytometry. However, if cell subsets were to be identified, fixation may result in different values that were obtained when analyzing fresh stained unfixed cells. Especially the instability in the fluorescence intensity of CD14, CD172a, and MHCII will lead to significant changes in the frequency of monocyte subsets (classical versus intermediate or non-classical) and the identification of macrophage functional subtype (M1 versus M2). Similarly, the instability in CD44 expression may affect the identified phenotype of T cells with significantly lower frequency of activated T cells. In conclusion, flow cytometric data collected from stained and PFA-fixed cell suspension prepared from camel lymph nodes should be interpreted with care if the functional subtype of cells is to be identified based on surface molecule expression. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
Impact of Fixation of Camel Lymph Node Cells on Marker Expression Stability in Flow Cytometry
The Effects of Saturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Reproductive Performance and Reproductive Hormonal Changes in Dairy Cows at the Transition Period (Text)
The Effects of Saturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Reproductive Performance and Reproductive Hormonal Changes in Dairy Cows at the Transition Period (Other)
HTML Summary of #1205 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effects of Saturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Reproductive Performance and Reproductive Hormonal Changes in Dairy Cows at the Transition Period</epc:when>
Reproductive success is crucial in dairy farming as it heavily relies on the consumption of a complete mixed ration for the diet. The current study investigated the effects of adding saturated (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to dairy cows’ diets on reproductive performance and reproductive hormones during the transition period. A total of 30 Holstein dairy cows were randomly divided into three groups (10 animals in each group), based on parity and body condition score. The cows had an initial body weight of 567.5 ± 40.3 kg (mean ± SD), a body condition score of 3.5 ± 0.26 out of 5 (mean ± SD), and a parity of 1.7 ± 0.02 (mean ± SD). The control group received a balanced ration meeting all the nutrient requirements according to the National Research Council (NRC) guidelines. The SFA group received 1.4 of dry matter (DM) as palm oil (RumiFat®), while the omega group had 5 of DM as safflower (a source of n-6 fatty acids) added from 21 days before parturition to 21 days after, and 4 of DM as flaxseed (a source of n-3 fatty acids) added from 21 to 42 days after parturition. In the Omega group, estradiol concentration significantly increased on artificial insemination (AI) day (12.54 pg/mL). Additionally, serum prostaglandin F2-alpha concentration was significantly higher in the omega group (0.732 pg/mL on day 7 and 1.68 pg/mL on day 14) compared to other groups. The control group exhibited the highest progesterone concentrations at 14 and 21 days post-calving compared to the other groups, other groups. whereas the omega group highest concentration five days after AI. The omega group also showed a significantly higher mean number of follicles >10mm and larger ovulatory follicle diameter. Moreover, a higher percentage of pregnant cows at 120 days in milk, fewer open days, and lower service per conception were observed in the omega group compared to the other groups. In conclusion, supplementing dairy cows’ diets with PUFAs during the transition period positively influenced ovarian function, hormone levels, and reproductive performance. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
The Effects of Saturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Reproductive Performance and Reproductive Hormonal Changes in Dairy Cows at the Transition Period
Effects of Combined Organic Selenium and Zinc Supplementation on In Vitro Ruminal Enzyme Activities and Relative Populations of Several Bacterial Species (Text)
Effects of Combined Organic Selenium and Zinc Supplementation on In Vitro Ruminal Enzyme Activities and Relative Populations of Several Bacterial Species (Other)
HTML Summary of #1193 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Combined Organic Selenium and Zinc Supplementation on In Vitro Ruminal Enzyme Activities and Relative Populations of Several Bacterial Species</epc:when>
Selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are essential animal microminerals. Combining Se and Zn (Se-Zn) as a feed additive in its influence on rumen fermentation patterns is still very limited, so further investigation is needed. The present study explored the supplementation impact of combined Se-Zn from organic sources on rumen enzyme activity and relative abundance of several bacterial species through an in vitro method. Five treatments, each with six replicates were used in the study. The first group treated without Se and Zn supplementation (T0, control), the second group treated with 0.3 ppm Se + 60 ppm Zn (T1), the third group treated with 0.45 ppm Se + 60 ppm Zn (T2), the fourth group treated with 0.3 ppm Se + 90 ppm Zn (T3), and the fifth group treated with 0.45 ppm Se + 90 ppm Zn (T4). The parameters observed included rumen microbial enzyme activities (carboxyl methyl cellulase, amylase, protease) and the relative abundance of rumen microbes (Ruminococcus sp., Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus, Streptococcus sp., Prevotella ruminicola, and Eubacterium ruminantium). Results indicated that carboxyl methyl cellulase (CMC-ase) and amylase activities raised in T2, T3, and T4 in comparison to T1 and T0 treatments. Protease activity and protein enzyme content increased in T2 compared to all treatments. The relative abundance of Ruminococcus sp. and Ruminococcus albus was higher in T2 and T3 compared to T0 treatment. Furthermore, an elevated Ruminococcus flavefaciens was indicated in T2 compared to other treatments. The T2, T3, and T4 led to higher abundances of Eubacterium ruminantium, Prevotella ruminicola, and Ruminococcus albus compared to T0 and T1. It is concluded that organic Se and Zn enhanced the relative abundance of several bacterial species and the activity of enzymes in the rumen; optimal results are recommended when combining 0.45 ppm Se + 60 ppm Zn. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
Effects of Combined Organic Selenium and Zinc Supplementation on In Vitro Ruminal Enzyme Activities and Relative Populations of Several Bacterial Species
Effects of Dried Khat (Catha edulis) Leaves as a Natural Feed Additive on the White Leghorn Layers’ Performance (Text)
Effects of Dried Khat (Catha edulis) Leaves as a Natural Feed Additive on the White Leghorn Layers’ Performance (Other)
HTML Summary of #1149 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Dried Khat (Catha edulis) Leaves as a Natural Feed Additive on the White Leghorn Layers’ Performance</epc:when>
Khat contains many bioactive compounds that are beneficial for chickens’ health. Most of the chemical constituents found in Khat are biologically active and are used worldwide for the treatment of many diseases. However, there are few studies on the use of Khat in poultry as a nutrition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of dried Khat leave (DKL) as a natural feed additive on the White Leghorn layer’s performance, serum chemistry, and hematology. A total of 180 White Leghorn chickens, aged 168 days were randomly divided into four groups consisting of 45 chickens in three replications. Thirteen layers and two cocks were assigned to each replication and reared on a deep litter system. The diets of layers in T1, T2, T3, and T4 were supplemented by DKL at proportion of 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6, respectively. The layers were evaluated for feed intake, body weight gain, egg production, feed conversion ratio, and some blood parameters, such as total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, albumin, globulin, red blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cells volume, white blood cells, and total protein. Feed intake in T1 (103.5 g) was significantly higher than T4 (98.5 g) and T3 (98.9 g). Layers in T1 significantly gained higher body weight than layers in other treatments. The use of DKL in layer chickens’ diet did not affect egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio. An increase in the level of DKL in the layers diet significantly reduced the serum high-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, and albumin. The present study showed that chickens that received a higher proportion of dried khat leaf (0.6) significantly recorded lower levels of low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol in their blood. © The Author(s) 2024
Effects of Dried Khat (Catha edulis) Leaves as a Natural Feed Additive on the White Leghorn Layers’ Performance
Effects of Maize, Millet, and Sorghum as Energy Sources of Diet on Growth Performance of Guinea Fowl (Text)
Effects of Maize, Millet, and Sorghum as Energy Sources of Diet on Growth Performance of Guinea Fowl (Other)
HTML Summary of #1147 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Maize, Millet, and Sorghum as Energy Sources of Diet on Growth Performance of Guinea Fowl</epc:when>
Guinea fowls are more valuable in the market in Niger than chickens; however, their ability to meet consumer demands is limited by low productivity. Therefore, suitable nutrition is an important factor for this productivity. The current study aimed to evaluate the growth performance of guinea fowl using maize, millet, and sorghum as energy sources in the diet. A total of 108 one-day-old unsexed local keets, with an average live weight of 25.5 ± 0.83 g were randomly distributed among three dietary treatments with four replicates per treatment. The keets were reared on the ground with litter at CERRA Maradi, Niger, for an 8-week experimental period, involving 36 keets per treatment and 9 keets per replication. The parameters monitored were feed intake (FI), live weight (LW), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). After 8 weeks of experimentation, the results indicated that the cereal used in the diet had no statistically significant effect on the keets’ FI. Those fed millet-based diets had higher LW, compared to those fed maize and sorghum diets, respectively, however, this difference was not statistically significant. Millet also facilitated a higher ADG, compared to maize and sorghum, although the differences were statistically insignificant. The keets fed sorghum-based had higher FCR, compared to the FCR of the guinea fowls fed maize and millet diet. based on the growth performance assessed in this study, the recommended order for cereals in guinea fowl feed to ensure better growth is millet, followed by maize, and then sorghum. © The Author(s) 2024
Effects of Maize, Millet, and Sorghum as Energy Sources of Diet on Growth Performance of Guinea Fowl
Control of Field Infectious Bronchitis Virus Genotype GI-23 (Variant 2) Using Combined Heterologous Vaccine Genotype Strains GI-13 (1/96) and GI-1 (H120) (Text)
Control of Field Infectious Bronchitis Virus Genotype GI-23 (Variant 2) Using Combined Heterologous Vaccine Genotype Strains GI-13 (1/96) and GI-1 (H120) (Other)
HTML Summary of #1148 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Control of Field Infectious Bronchitis Virus Genotype GI-23 (Variant 2) Using Combined Heterologous Vaccine Genotype Strains GI-13 (1/96) and GI-1 (H120)</epc:when>
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a disease with significant economic impacts both on the costs of control strategies and on productive losses. Various vaccination protocols are applied, depending on homologous or heterologous protection against IB and finding the optimal balance between costs and benefits as a choice by a responsible veterinarian. The current case study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of a heterologous vaccine combination against field IBV GI-22 (Variant 2) infection when vaccination quality was properly monitored. Two groups, each consisting of six flocks, were examined before and after improving the quality of IB vaccine application in the hatchery. These groups were vaccinated with H-120 and 1/96 vaccine strains for heterologous protection. The study involved field visits, necropsies, serology via ELISA, and oropharyngeal sampling for RT-PCR follow-up activities. Moreover, performance parameters including average body weight, feed conversion ratio, and 7 days plus total mortality were analyzed at the end of the production cycle at 40-45 days of age. Results indicated that the group with enhanced vaccination quality in the hatchery exhibited a significant decrease in IBV titers and an absence of IBV GI-22 field infection. Additionally, there was an improvement in performance data in terms of average body weight, FCR and total mortality. Hatchery vaccination proved to be more controllable and practical compared to traditional on-farm vaccination, ensuring better control of the vaccination process and massive coverage of the farm population. © The Author(s) 2024
Control of Field Infectious Bronchitis Virus Genotype GI-23 (Variant 2) Using Combined Heterologous Vaccine Genotype Strains GI-13 (1/96) and GI-1 (H120)
Effects of Different Seasons on Milk Quality: A Study on Two Cattle Breeds in Rainy and Drought Contexts (Text)
Effects of Different Seasons on Milk Quality: A Study on Two Cattle Breeds in Rainy and Drought Contexts (Other)
HTML Summary of #1200 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Different Seasons on Milk Quality: A Study on Two Cattle Breeds in Rainy and Drought Contexts</epc:when>
The primary focus of dairy farming in the central region of Peru centers on producers. However, there is limited information on how different altitudinal zones, particularly during rainy and dry seasons, affect milk production. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the rainy and dry seasons on the physicochemical properties of milk from Brown Swiss and Holstein cattle. A total of sixty cows were selected for the study, comprising 30 Brown Swiss and 30 Holstein. The study was conducted across two distinct seasons, including rainy and dry seasons. All animals received the same semi-intensive management and were fed ryegrass and balanced feed. Each animal provided 500 ml of milk for analysis in the morning. The milk was transported at a temperature of 2 °C, where they were analyzed with the Lactoscan equipment to evaluate protein, lactose, fat, total solids, milk density, freezing point, salts, and pH. Significant differences were observed in the interaction between Brown Swiss and Holstein breeds across different seasons, including rainy and dry periods. Significant differences were observed in protein content, showing a positive effect in the interaction “rain: Brown” a value of 3.50 ± 0.36, while “rain: Holstein” showed 3.14 ± 0.05. Statistical differences were observed in the interactions for lactose content, with rain: Brown at 4.82 and dry: Holstein at 4.37. Similarly, there were significant differences in fat content and total solids for rain interaction of rain: Holsten, and dry: Brown. Nevertheless, no differences were observed in terms of milk density, freezing point, salts, and pH. It is concluded that there was an influence of the interaction between breed physiology and seasonal conditions on milk composition. The results also highlight the impact of season-specific environmental factors on the quality of milk. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
Effects of Different Seasons on Milk Quality: A Study on Two Cattle Breeds in Rainy and Drought Contexts
The Effects of Adding Coconut Water to Egg Yolk Diluent on Motility, Viability, and Abnormality of Etawa Crossbred Goat Sperm (Text)
The Effects of Adding Coconut Water to Egg Yolk Diluent on Motility, Viability, and Abnormality of Etawa Crossbred Goat Sperm (Other)
HTML Summary of #1201 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effects of Adding Coconut Water to Egg Yolk Diluent on Motility, Viability, and Abnormality of Etawa Crossbred Goat Sperm</epc:when>
The Etawah crossbreed goat is a dual-purpose type of goat that can adapt well to tropical regions in Indonesia. The current research aimed to evaluate the effects of adding coconut water to citrate egg yolk diluent on the spermatozoa quality parameters (motility, viability, and abnormality) of the Etawah crossbred goat at the physiology and reproduction laboratory of animal husbandry, Jambi University (Indonesia). The research employed a randomized block design on Etawa crossbreed goats aged around 2–3 years with an average weight of 12 kg per head in six groups. The treatments included 100 citrate diluent of egg yolk without adding coconut water (P0) as a control, 90 citrate diluent of egg yolk + 10 coconut water (P1), 80 citrate diluent of egg yolk + 20 coconut water (P2), 70 citrate diluent of egg yolk + 30 coconut water (P3), 60 citrate diluent of egg yolk + 40 coconut water (P4). The parameters evaluated in this study included viability of spermatozoa, spermatozoa motility, and spermatozoa abnormalities. The five treatment tubes were stored in a refrigerated cabinet at 5°C for 2 days. After this period, semen quality assessment was assessed microscopically. The percentage of live spermatozoa was determined using a staining technique. The spermatozoa motility was assessed based on their ability to move. Abnormal spermatozoa were calculated based on the number of abnormal spermatozoa compared to the total number of spermatozoa. The results of the study showed that the addition of 20 coconut water to the 80 citrate diluent of egg yolk (P2 treatment) reduced the rate of decline in spermatozoa viability and did not increase the number of spermatozoa abnormalities significantly, compared to other groups. There was no decrease in the viability of Etawah crossbreed goat spermatozoa during 2 days of storage at 5°C in all groups. Therefore, it was concluded that coconut water could be added up to 20 into the egg yolk without any significant negative effects on spermatozoa quality parameters evaluated in the current study. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
The Effects of Adding Coconut Water to Egg Yolk Diluent on Motility, Viability, and Abnormality of Etawa Crossbred Goat Sperm
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Candida albicans from the Oral cavity of Domestic Chickens using 28S rDNA in Diyala Governorate, Iraq (Text)
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Candida albicans from the Oral cavity of Domestic Chickens using 28S rDNA in Diyala Governorate, Iraq (Other)
HTML Summary of #1151 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Isolation and Molecular Identification of Candida albicans from the Oral cavity of Domestic Chickens using 28S rDNA in Diyala Governorate, Iraq</epc:when>
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that affects humans, animals, and birds. It is one of the most prevalent microbes found in clinical specimens. Candidiasis refers to endogenous fungal overgrowth under conditions of microbiota disruption or other host impairments. The study aimed to detect and isolate C. albicans based on morphological, cultural, and biochemical analysis. The present study examined 36 oral cavity samples from domestic chickens suspected of having candidiasis across various regions of Diyala Governorate in Iraq from September to November 2023. A total of twenty C. albicans were isolated from collected samples. PCR amplification of the 28S rDNA fungal gene, yielding the expected 260bp products, confirmed the identification of the yeasts. Using the Vitek 2 automated system, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for 6 common antifungal drugs were determined to test the antifungal susceptibility of a Candida clinical isolate. No resistance was found to Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, Flucytosine, Voriconazole, Caspofungin, or Micafungin in isolates from the oral cavity. In conclusion, the current study identified twenty C. albicans strains from chicken oral cavities and found them to be susceptible to all major classes of antifungals, indicating a lack of antifungal resistance in these isolates © The Author(s) 2024
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Candida albicans from the Oral cavity of Domestic Chickens using 28S rDNA in Diyala Governorate, Iraq
Investigation of the Engineering Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GRC) Cured with Internal Resistance (Text)
Investigation of the Engineering Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GRC) Cured with Internal Resistance (Other)
HTML Summary of #1304 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Investigation of the Engineering Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GRC) Cured with Internal Resistance</epc:when>
In this study, it was aimed to produce glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) samples cured with internal resistance by placing resistance wires at different distances within the concrete molds and applying electric current at various voltages, while the mold surfaces were covered with stretch film. The engineering properties of these samples were then investigated. Previous studies have shown that the mechanical properties of conventional concrete, which were subjected to different curing methods, improved compared to samples that did not undergo any curing process. This study aimed to enhance both the engineering properties of the concrete samples and to accelerate the curing process. Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) with dimensions of 50×50×4 cm was produced, and 25, 35, and 45V resistances were applied to three different molds with wire spacing of 5cm, 6cm, and 7cm. With this application, the GRC samples were subjected to internal resistance curing for the first 24 hours. By applying three different voltages to molds with three different wire spacings, 9 concrete samples were produced, along with 1 reference sample that did not contain any resistance wires and was not subjected to any curing process, making a total of 10 different concrete samples. After curing, the concrete samples were cut into 16cm×4cm×4cm GRC mechanical test specimens. The obtained specimens were tested for 7, 14, and 28 day compressive strength, flexural strength, unit weight, and ultrasonic pulse velocity. To examine the microstructure of the GRC samples, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses were conducted. These analyses investigated the physical and chemical development processes of the samples, mass losses, products formed after hydration, and structural behaviors. As a result, it was observed that the early-age strength properties of GRC samples cured with internal resistance showed a partial increase compared to the reference sample that was not internally cured, especially in the 7-day samples. In the 14 and 28-day strength comparisons, it was observed that the cured samples showed improvement in flexural strength. According to the data obtained, the samples subjected to 35 volts of electric current yielded better results, especially in the early ages, compared to the reference sample.
Investigation of the Engineering Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GRC) Cured with Internal Resistance
Protein Concentration, Anthelmintic Activity, and Microbial Contamination of the Laboratory-Produced Chitosan-Encapsulated Bromelain Batches (Text)
Protein Concentration, Anthelmintic Activity, and Microbial Contamination of the Laboratory-Produced Chitosan-Encapsulated Bromelain Batches (Other)
HTML Summary of #1196 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Protein Concentration, Anthelmintic Activity, and Microbial Contamination of the Laboratory-Produced Chitosan-Encapsulated Bromelain Batches</epc:when>
Bromelain has been shown to have potential as an anthelmintic for controlling livestock nematodes, such as Haemonchus (H.) contortus. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro quality of the laboratory-produced nanoencapsulated bromelain (NEB) and its activity against H. contortus. The acid-base extraction method was employed to extract four different batches of bromelain from the peels of fully ripened pineapples. It was encapsulated in chitosan to form the nano-encapsulated bromelain complex. Standard biochemical methods were employed to determine the bromelain concentration, protein concentration, in vitro anthelmintic activity against various stages of H. contortus (egg, larva, adult), and bacteria contamination for the four NEB batches. The mean concentration of extracted bromelain was 4.3 mg/ml in all four batches. There were no variations in the protein concentrations between the batches of NEB, which ranged from 1, 090 mg/ml to 1.205 mg/ml. Although there were no significant differences in different batches, a variation in NEB inhibitory concentration (IC50) was observed according to the different parasitic stages. The highest activity was for adult worms (LC50 =0.2454 ± 0.05 mg/ml), followed by the eggs (IC50 = 0.3 ± 0.07 mg/ml), and the larval stage (IC50 =0.9 ± 0.45 mg/ml). Despite the identification of certain bacterial species in the raw pineapple extract, the final product of all four batches of NEB remained free from any bacterial contamination. The current study indicated that NEB’s concentration, protein concentrations, and anthelmintic activity did not vary significantly across the different batches of NEB. Additionally, the encapsulation process ensured that the final product was free of bacterial contamination and thus safe for use in animals. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
Protein Concentration, Anthelmintic Activity, and Microbial Contamination of the Laboratory-Produced Chitosan-Encapsulated Bromelain Batches
Evaluation of Stored Whole Blood and Monitoring the Health of Dogs After Transfusion Using Fresh Whole Blood, Stored Whole Blood, and Packed Red Blood Cells (Text)
Evaluation of Stored Whole Blood and Monitoring the Health of Dogs After Transfusion Using Fresh Whole Blood, Stored Whole Blood, and Packed Red Blood Cells (Other)
HTML Summary of #1192 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Evaluation of Stored Whole Blood and Monitoring the Health of Dogs After Transfusion Using Fresh Whole Blood, Stored Whole Blood, and Packed Red Blood Cells</epc:when>
Blood products have been widely used in emergencies and treatment, necessitating optimal storage conditions to maintain quality. The current study aimed to evaluate the blood quality during storage, transfusion effectiveness, and reactions during and after transfusion in dogs. Five Greyhounds, including three males and two females aged 2.5 years old, and with 25-30 kg bodyweight, were selected and randomly labeled N1, N2, N3, N4, and N5. Fresh whole blood, stored whole blood, and packed red blood cells from the samples dogs were used for transfusion in the study. The investigated parameters were total protein (TP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), total carbon dioxide (tCO2), creatine kinase (CK), creatinine (CREA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose (GLU), white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), plaletes (PLT), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), chloride (Cl), manganese (Mg), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). The results indicated that all parameters of stored blood samples were in the normal range during 28 days of storage in a refrigerator at 2-4°C. However, some parameters (TP, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, MCV, tCO2, and K) increased, while others (CK, CREA, BUN, GLU, WBC, RBC, HCT, PLT, Ca, P, Cl, Mg, and Na) decreased during the storage period, especially Ca, P, and Na were below the normal range. All dogs indicated no reactions during and 5 hours after transfusion. However, dogs had symptoms of inappetence and mild diarrhea in 1-2 days after transfusion. Dogs received fresh whole blood recovered on day 3, while dogs of the stored blood recipient group recovered on day 4. By day 5, all dogs were healthy with no abnormal signs. The findings indicated the presence of hematological and biochemical alterations in stored blood, highlighting the importance of considering transfusion of stored blood for patients with critical medical conditions. © Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Evaluation of Stored Whole Blood and Monitoring the Health of Dogs After Transfusion Using Fresh Whole Blood, Stored Whole Blood, and Packed Red Blood Cells
Pathogenic and Antibiotic-Resistance Genes of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Goats in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam (Text)
Pathogenic and Antibiotic-Resistance Genes of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Goats in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam (Other)
HTML Summary of #1191 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Pathogenic and Antibiotic-Resistance Genes of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Goats in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam</epc:when>
Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) is one of the predominant pathogens that mostly cause respiratory diseases in domestic animals, such as goats. To determine P. multocida serotypes and the prevalence of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistance genes the PCR method was used. A total of 143 isolated P. multocida strains were collected from 289 healthy hybrid Boer-Saanen goats’ nasal samples in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, from March to June 2023. A total of 143 P. multocida strains, serotype B accounted for the highest proportion (51.05), followed by serotype A (14.69), and the lowest was serotype E (0.70) while (39.86) of strains could not be determined serotypes. Among the six virulence genes surveyed, the sodA gene (56.64) had the highest presence, while the ompH gene (4.20) had the lowest presence. Pathogenic genes were present mainly in serotypes A and B; tbpA was frequently detected in serotype A (66.67), and sodA was commonly detected in serotype B (56.16). There were 14 virulence gene combinations in 59/109 (54.13) serotyped P. multocida strains, and the pattern of sodA + toxA + tbpA was prevalent at the highest rate (12.84). Moreover, among the eight investigated antibiotic resistance genes, the sulII gene had the highest presence rate (74.13), compared to the tetA gene with the lowest presence rate (13.29). Gene sulII was mainly detected on strains belonging to serotypes A (80.95), B (83.56), and F (77.78). A total of (77.98) of serotyped P. multocida strains indicated multi-harbor from two to six antibiotic-resistance genes, and the most common pattern was aadB + sulII (10.09). The prevalence of five pathogenic P. multocida serotypes harboring diverse antibiotic-resistance genes isolated from nasal samples could be a critical issue in treating and preventing the respiratory diseases caused by P. multocida in goats in the Mekong Delta. © The Author(s) 2024
Pathogenic and Antibiotic-Resistance Genes of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Goats in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Polymorphism of Growth Hormone (GH/HaeIII) Gene and Its Association with the Performance of Merino Cross Rams (Text)
Polymorphism of Growth Hormone (GH/HaeIII) Gene and Its Association with the Performance of Merino Cross Rams (Other)
HTML Summary of #1203 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Polymorphism of Growth Hormone (GH/HaeIII) Gene and Its Association with the Performance of Merino Cross Rams</epc:when>
Merino cross sheep (75 Merino × 25 Garut) are introduced by the government of Indonesia for meat production purposes. The present study aimed to determine the polymorphism in the exon 2 region of the growth hormone (GH) gene (422 bp) in Merino cross rams using the PCR-RFLP technique and to analyze its relationship with body weight and body measurements of the rams. A total of 145 rams aged one-year-old with an average body weight of 29.08 ± 7.96 kg from the breeding station in West Java, Indonesia were considered as the experimental animals. It was indicated that a missense mutation of c.55G > A (p.G19S) was detected in the target sequence of the GH gene in Merino cross rams. The PCR-RFLP analysis in the GH gene of Merino cross with HaeIII restriction enzyme (GH/HaeIII) was observed in a moderate category with a polymorphic informative content (PIC) value of 0.22. Therefore, the G allele was more frequent than the A allele (0.85 versus 0.15). Furthermore, the genotype AA was not present among the sheep that were part of the study. However, the polymorphism of p.G19S was found to have a significant association with birth, weight, and chest depth measurement in one-year-old Merino cross sheep. However, the GH/HaeIII gene in Merino cross rams exhibited polymorphism, primarily with two genotypes: GG (wildtype) and GA (carrier). The G allele was identified as the dominant allele in the ovine GH gene, occurring with a frequency of 0.85. Importantly, the polymorphism of the GH/HaeIII gene was significantly linked to birth weight and chest depth in one-year-old Merino cross rams. These findings provide preliminary insights that could potentially aid in the early stages of molecular selection for Indonesian Merino cross sheep. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
Polymorphism of Growth Hormone (GH/HaeIII) Gene and Its Association with the Performance of Merino Cross Rams
Association of Different Body Sizes and Egg Quality Characteristics in White Leghorn Chicken Breed of South Africa (Text)
Association of Different Body Sizes and Egg Quality Characteristics in White Leghorn Chicken Breed of South Africa (Other)
HTML Summary of #1150 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Association of Different Body Sizes and Egg Quality Characteristics in White Leghorn Chicken Breed of South Africa</epc:when>
Egg quality could influence the price of the table and hatching eggs. However, the effects of hen’s live body weight on egg characteristics are poorly understood. The present study evaluated the influence of body weight (BW) on egg characteristics, such as egg width (EWD), shell weight (SW), egg length (EL), albumen weight (AW), yolk weight (YW), shell surface index (SI), albumen ratio (AR), shell ratio (SR), and yolk ratio (YR) of White Leghorn chicken. A total of 100 White Leghorn chickens at 30 weeks of age were used in the current study of which 300 eggs were collected. Live body weight was classified into three groups namely, small (≤ 195g), medium (196-220g), and large (≥ 221g). The results revealed that the White Leghorn layer’s live body weight was positively influenced by the eggshell index and egg length. Additionally, the results indicated that body weight did not affect EW, SW, EWD, SR, YW, AW, AR, and YR. In conclusion, the live body weight influences egg length and shell index in the White Leghorn chicken breed. © The Author(s) 2024
Association of Different Body Sizes and Egg Quality Characteristics in White Leghorn Chicken Breed of South Africa
NUTRITIONAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SAINFOIN (Onobrychis viciifolia) ACCESSIONS IN MID-ALTITUDE OF SODDO AND ABESHGIE WOREDAS OF ETHIOPIA (Text)
NUTRITIONAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SAINFOIN (Onobrychis viciifolia) ACCESSIONS IN MID-ALTITUDE OF SODDO AND ABESHGIE WOREDAS OF ETHIOPIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #1126 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">NUTRITIONAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SAINFOIN (Onobrychis viciifolia) ACCESSIONS IN MID-ALTITUDE OF SODDO AND ABESHGIE WOREDAS OF ETHIOPIA</epc:when>
Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is a perennial herbaceous leguminous forage crop with a high content of crude protein, palatability, nutritive value and non-bloating. It can be offered in the form of green forage, grazing pasture, hay, or silage. To mitigate the dry season feed shortage, the agronomic performance and chemical composition of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) accessions were studied in the mid-altitude of Soddo and Abeshgie Woredas of Garage Zone of Ethiopia. For the screening, five International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) accessions (No 5708, 16006, 6582, 10558, and 10556) and four wild sainfoin accessions were collected from Worabe, Albazer, Meskan Dubo Tuto and Gibie river basin with morphological variation. They were subjected to initial screening followed by field trials for a period of fifteen months per session. Among the twenty-nine agronomic parameters (for screening purpose), based on the dendrogram results, fifteen data points were used for location wise (Buee and Tatesa) evaluation purposes. The results indicated that, with the exception of leaf length, leaf width, and annual seed yield, all parameters were affected by the accession by location interaction. The highest (P<0.001) cumulative dry matter, seed yield, and crude protein (CP) contents were recorded for Worabe sainfoin, ILRI 5708 and ILRI 16006, respectively. Lower (P<0.05) condensed tannin (CT) was recorded in ILRI 5708, Worabe’s and Albazer’s sainfoin without any significant difference. During the first 24-hour incubation period, the highest and least (P<0.001) gases were produced from ILRI 16006 and Albazer, and ILRI 5708, respectively. The highest and least (P<0.001) methane gas was recorded from ILRI 16006 and ILRI 5708 respectively. The results indicated that Worabe sainfoin was superior to the result in all evaluated parameters. So, Worabe sainfoin hay mixture with crop residues can be used to enhance the nutritional value of crop residue-based poor feed resources. © The Author(s) 2024
NUTRITIONAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SAINFOIN (Onobrychis viciifolia) ACCESSIONS IN MID-ALTITUDE OF SODDO AND ABESHGIE WOREDAS OF ETHIOPIA
URACHUS ANOMALY IN SHEEP: INCIDENCE AND CONSIDERATIONS PRESENTED IN NEONATAL LAMBS IN THE PERU (Text)
URACHUS ANOMALY IN SHEEP: INCIDENCE AND CONSIDERATIONS PRESENTED IN NEONATAL LAMBS IN THE PERU (Other)
HTML Summary of #1129 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">URACHUS ANOMALY IN SHEEP: INCIDENCE AND CONSIDERATIONS PRESENTED IN NEONATAL LAMBS IN THE PERU</epc:when>
ABSTRACT: Over the years, an anomaly has been observed in newborn lambs, manifesting itself as a curvature in their posture and a slight dampness in the navel, known by the locals as “pupote". For this reason, the present study was carried out to document and present for the first time to the scientific community an anomaly of the urachus in sheep and its incidence. In the sampling process, five lambs who died of starvation were selected. The specimens were transported to the Animal Health Laboratory of the Faculty of Zootechnics of the National University of Central Peru. Radiographic analyses were carried out there. Then the incidence was found in the collected records. The incidence of the anomaly is an average of 0.825±0.09. This case highlights the persistence of urachus in newborn lambs, evidenced by the identification of a ligament that establishes a connection between the umbilicus and the liver. Specifically, the ligament identified in the described anomalies corresponds to the ligamentum teres. © The Author(s) 2024
URACHUS ANOMALY IN SHEEP: INCIDENCE AND CONSIDERATIONS PRESENTED IN NEONATAL LAMBS IN THE PERU
THE POLYMORPHISM OF LEPTIN AND THYROGLOBULIN GENES IN LAI SIND AND LAI BRAHMAN CATTLE (Text)
THE POLYMORPHISM OF LEPTIN AND THYROGLOBULIN GENES IN LAI SIND AND LAI BRAHMAN CATTLE (Other)
HTML Summary of #1122 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">THE POLYMORPHISM OF LEPTIN AND THYROGLOBULIN GENES IN LAI SIND AND LAI BRAHMAN CATTLE</epc:when>
The aim of this study was to investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in intron 2 region of leptin (LEP) and 5’ untranslated region of thyroglobulin (TG5) genes in Lai Sind and Lai Brahman cattle populations raised in the Central Vietnam. For each cattle group, fifty hair root samples were collected and extracted genomic DNA. The LEP/Sau3AI and TG5/PsuI gene polymorphisms were analyzed using PCR-RFLP technique. The results showed that the SNPs of LEP/Sau3AI and TG5/PsuI were found in the both cattle groups. Three LEP/Sau3AI genotypes were detected, including LEPAA, LEPAB and LEPBB. All of the investigated cattle carried TG5CT genotype. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was reached in the both cattle populations for LEP/Sau3AI, but not for TG5/PsuI. The polymorphisms at these two loci were moderate in the both cattle populations. It can be concluded that the SNPs LEP/Sau3AI and TG5/PsuI can be used as genetic markers for molecular selection in these cattle groups. A selection program is needed to increase the frequency of TG5T allele in Lai Sind and Lai Brahman cattle groups to improve beef marbling score. © The Author(s) 2024
THE POLYMORPHISM OF LEPTIN AND THYROGLOBULIN GENES IN LAI SIND AND LAI BRAHMAN CATTLE
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF CORIANDER SEED (Coriandrum sativum L.) ON GUT MORPHOLOGY IN BROILER CHICKENS (Text)
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF CORIANDER SEED (Coriandrum sativum L.) ON GUT MORPHOLOGY IN BROILER CHICKENS (Other)
HTML Summary of #1123 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF CORIANDER SEED (Coriandrum sativum L.) ON GUT MORPHOLOGY IN BROILER CHICKENS</epc:when>
Several herbal plants have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in modulating the morphology of the gut, leading to improved nutrients absorption, enhanced growth, and reduced susceptibility to diseases. Aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of coriander seed powder (CSP; 0 as T1, 1.5 as T2 and 3.5 as T3) in modulating broiler chickens gut morphology. A total of 180 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups 60 chick/group in 3 replicates. The trial was designed according to a completely randomized design for 45 days. The histomorphology of duodenum, jejunum and ileum villus height (VH), villus width, crypt depth (CD) and villus height to crypt depth; VH:CD ratio were investigated. The result showed a significant increase (P<0.01) of villus height in two treatments (1.5% and 3.5%) as compared to control in all segments. Moreover, the significant increase (P<0.01) on VH:CD ratio is observed between treatments as compared to control in ileum and dietary use of 3.5% CSP had significant effects on the jejunum and duodenum as compared to the control group. In conclusion, the application of CSP at 1.5% and 3.5% had a positive effect on villus height and VH:CD ratio of all segments. However, further research is required to understand the precise mechanisms underlying medicine plant effects as well as what the ideal percentage for each plant will be added for a best positive effect on performance. © The Author(s) 2024
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF CORIANDER SEED (Coriandrum sativum L.) ON GUT MORPHOLOGY IN BROILER CHICKENS
EFFECTS OF MANGO (Mangifera indica) LEAVES POWDER ON REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES, OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS, TOXICITY INDICATORS, GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF GUINEA PIG (Cavia porcellus) (Text)
EFFECTS OF MANGO (Mangifera indica) LEAVES POWDER ON REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES, OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS, TOXICITY INDICATORS, GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF GUINEA PIG (Cavia porcellus) (Other)
HTML Summary of #1125 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECTS OF MANGO (Mangifera indica) LEAVES POWDER ON REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES, OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS, TOXICITY INDICATORS, GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF GUINEA PIG (Cavia porcellus)</epc:when>
The present work aimed to evaluate the effects of Mangifera indica leaf powder (MLP) on reproductive hormones, biomarkers of oxidative stress and toxicity, growth and carcass characteristics of female Cavia porcellus. 40 female guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus L.) aged 2 months with an average weight of 257.65±11.28 g were used. These guinea pigs were weighed, then randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each and subjected to the following rations: T0 (basic diet), T1, T2 and T3 (basic diet + 0.50; 0.75 and 1 MLP, respectively). For 45 days, the guinea pigs of all groups received ad libitum drinking water and the corresponding experimental rations. Reproductive hormones analyses showed a significant (P<0.05) rise in serum progesterone concentration in the highest dose of MLP-treated guinea pigs. Malondialdehyde level was lowest in guinea pigs given feed with the highest dose of MLP while superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were maximum in animals that received the highest doses of MLP. Total Peroxidase activity was greatest in animals fed with the higher MLP dose. The lowest level of cholesterol was noticed in the group that received the greatest dose of MLP. Feed consumption was higher in guinea pigs receiving 0.75 and 1 MLP. The body weight gain and average daily gain had higher values in the subjects fed with MLP feed than those of the control group. Feed efficiency values were improved in animals that that were given 0.5 and 1 MLP with regards to those fed without MLP, the length of small intestine was higher (P<0.05) in 0.75 MLP-treated animals than the other groups, while the greatest value for the density of big intestine was recorded in those that received 0.25 MLP. Based on these values (1 of diet as optimum level), MLP can be used in feed to improve animal production performance. © The Author(s) 2024
EFFECTS OF MANGO (Mangifera indica) LEAVES POWDER ON REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES, OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS, TOXICITY INDICATORS, GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF GUINEA PIG (Cavia porcellus)
EFFECT OF CLIMATE VARIABLES ON POULTRY PRODUCTION EFFICACY IN NIGERIA (Text)
EFFECT OF CLIMATE VARIABLES ON POULTRY PRODUCTION EFFICACY IN NIGERIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #1124 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF CLIMATE VARIABLES ON POULTRY PRODUCTION EFFICACY IN NIGERIA</epc:when>
The paper examined the effect of climate variables on poultry production efficacy in Nigeria with emphasis on broilers and layers. Multi-stage sampling was used to select 401 poultry farmers who provided useful information with the aid of a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and logit regression model. Result shows that free range accounted for 22.7, battery cage 11.2, deep litter 54.6, and semi-free range 11.5 were notable systems of poultry rearing in the state. Heat stress 75.1, reduced egg 99.8 and meat production 88.5, and reduction in quality of eggs 51.9 were some of the climate change effects on poultry production. Adaptation strategies of poultry farmers include; proper housing system 100, proper feed formulation 99.8, right stocking density 96.8 and adequate water and feed supply 82.8. Age, education, off-farm activities, size of poultry pen and poultry farming experience were important adaptation determinants of poultry farmers to climate change. High price of feed 100, lack of access to credit services 77.1, disease outbreak and parasites 100 and high cost of poultry inputs 99.5 constrained poultry farming. The study concludes that climate variables affect poultry farming. Farmers were recommended to practice climate smart poultry production to mitigate adverse effects. © The Author(s) 2024
EFFECT OF CLIMATE VARIABLES ON POULTRY PRODUCTION EFFICACY IN NIGERIA
DRINKING MAGNETIZED WATER ALTERS BLOOD CONSTITUENTS, AND STRUCTURE OF SPLEEN AND KIDNEY IN RABBITS (Text)
DRINKING MAGNETIZED WATER ALTERS BLOOD CONSTITUENTS, AND STRUCTURE OF SPLEEN AND KIDNEY IN RABBITS (Other)
HTML Summary of #1112 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">DRINKING MAGNETIZED WATER ALTERS BLOOD CONSTITUENTS, AND STRUCTURE OF SPLEEN AND KIDNEY IN RABBITS</epc:when>
This study aimed to investigate the effect of magnetic field on physicochemical properties of water and evaluating the effects of the magnetized water (MW) on the productive performance, liver enzymes, and histological structure of spleen and kidney of rabbits. Water samples were collected to determine pH and electrical conductivity (EC), and water structure was investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Twenty-four weaned Rex rabbits, 21 d old, were allotted into two experimental groups: the first group was assigned as control, received regular tap water (TW), and the treated group, received MW, for 5 weeks. Productive traits were recorded weekly and at the end of the experiment, blood, spleen and kidney samples were collected for examinations. Results showed that pH and EC of MW were higher than those of TW. In addition, the arrangement MW cluster showed a unique alteration on the nano-scale. Growth performance indicators were similar in both experimental treatments, except FCR of the MW rabbits was better than that of the TW rabbits. The MW had no significant effect on plasma concentration of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and creatinine in growing Rex rabbits received MW in comparison with those received regular TW. Spleen histological structure of rabbits of both groups was normal. However, the epithelial cells lining renal tubules of kidneys of rabbits in MW group appeared large with basophilic nuclei in comparison with TW group. Conclusively, magnetic field altered the physicochemical properties of water. The MW may consequently increase blood glucose level and spleen weight , enhance kidney structure and improve FCR in growing rabbits. Moreover, more studies are still needed to know the benefits of providing the magnetized water to animals. © The Author(s) 2024
DRINKING MAGNETIZED WATER ALTERS BLOOD CONSTITUENTS, AND STRUCTURE OF SPLEEN AND KIDNEY IN RABBITS
PHYSICOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CRIOLLO AND CRIOLLO X SAANEN GOAT MILK ACCORDING TO AGE AND PARITY IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF PERU (Text)
PHYSICOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CRIOLLO AND CRIOLLO X SAANEN GOAT MILK ACCORDING TO AGE AND PARITY IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF PERU (Other)
HTML Summary of #1109 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PHYSICOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CRIOLLO AND CRIOLLO X SAANEN GOAT MILK ACCORDING TO AGE AND PARITY IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF PERU</epc:when>
Present study aimed to analyze the physicochemical composition of goat milk based on the type of animal, age, and parity in Chupuro, Junin region in the country of Peru. A total of 24 goats were randomly selected, and divided into two groups: 12 native goats and 12 native goats crossed with Saanen. These groups (G1, G2, and G3) included three age categories (1.8, 2.5, and 3.2 years) and three parity levels (first, second, and third parity). The animals were monitored and fed considering their conversion and nutritional requirements. Before the morning milking, 100 ml of milk was extracted in sterile bottles, followed by agitation for 3 to 5 minutes, and the samples were transported using conservation and cooling techniques in a thermal box with ice cubes. These samples were analyzed in the special laboratory. Measurements of pH, acidity, density, lactose, total solids, fat, and protein were conducted using milk analyzer. The findings for the Criollo breed revealed a pH of 6.35 ± 0.31, a lactose concentration of 4.35, total solids of 11.62 ± 1.31, protein content of 4.12 ± 0.35, and fat content of 3.40 ± 0.91. In comparison, the Criollo x Saanen crossbreed exhibited a pH of 6.43 ± 0.13, a lactose concentration of 4.45, total solids of 12.63 ± 0.92, protein content of 4.26 ± 0.28, and fat content of 3.95 ± 0.69. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in the types of milk from native goats and native goats crossed with Saanen. However, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in density, lactose, total solids, fat, and protein between groups of different ages and parity levels. Crossbreeding with the Saanen breed is well received in the region, as it serves to improve milk production, with favorable percentages of fat, protein, lactose, and total solids. © The Author(s) 2024
PHYSICOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CRIOLLO AND CRIOLLO X SAANEN GOAT MILK ACCORDING TO AGE AND PARITY IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF PERU
CHITOSAN OLIGOSACCHARIDES AS DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS IN NUTRITION OF BROILER CHICKENS: A REVIEW (Text)
CHITOSAN OLIGOSACCHARIDES AS DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS IN NUTRITION OF BROILER CHICKENS: A REVIEW (Other)
HTML Summary of #1110 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">CHITOSAN OLIGOSACCHARIDES AS DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS IN NUTRITION OF BROILER CHICKENS: A REVIEW</epc:when>
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) have attracted considerable attention in poultry research due to their diverse biological activities and possible effects on the welfare and productivity of broiler chickens. A thorough examination of many studies indicates that the influence of COS on indices such as antioxidative functions, growth performance, immunological responses, and metabolic implications in broilers is significant. For example, specific dosage levels of COS have significantly enhanced antioxidant activity, regulation of cholesterol levels, and improved growth performance. The research findings have provided evidence for COS's antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties and its capacity to mitigate the effects caused by stress. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of reactions might be influenced by the dosage and may demonstrate variances. Broiler chickens are suggested to consume dietary COS levels between 350 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg feed to obtain antioxidant and immunological advantages. Nevertheless, the most favourable results regarding growth and the ability to absorb nutrients are typically found when the intake ranges from 0.5 g/kg to 1.0 g/kg feed. For yellow-feather broilers experiencing heat stress, it is advisable to administer a dosage of 200 mg/kg feed of COS. However, it is essential to closely observe dosages exceeding 2.5 g/kg since they may significantly impair growth performance. The diverse research on using COS in broiler management has provided valuable insights into its intricate nature. This review has highlighted the potential benefits of COS in enhancing chicken health and nutrition. However, it has also underscored the need for additional research to optimize its effectiveness entirely in broiler performance. It can be concluded that dietary COS in broiler chickens in doses ranging from 200 mg to 1000 mg/kg feed has a positive effect on growth performance, antioxidative properties, regulation of lipid metabolism, ability to mitigate stress, impact on meat quality, and carcass traits, but exceeding 2.5 g/kg feed may significantly impair in growth performance in the broiler chickens strain Cobb 500. © The Author(s) 2024
CHITOSAN OLIGOSACCHARIDES AS DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS IN NUTRITION OF BROILER CHICKENS: A REVIEW
The Effects of Different Concentrations of Vitamin D3 on Immunological Parameters of Immunosuppressed Rats Induced (Text)
The Effects of Different Concentrations of Vitamin D3 on Immunological Parameters of Immunosuppressed Rats Induced (Other)
HTML Summary of #1208 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effects of Different Concentrations of Vitamin D3 on Immunological Parameters of Immunosuppressed Rats Induced</epc:when>
Vitamin D3 receptor is expressed in several types of immune cells suggesting that Vitamin D3 could have immune regulatory roles. The current study was conducted to investigate the role of Vitamin D3 in reducing the toxicity of the cisplatin on some Immunological parameters in the rat model. The current experiment was conducted on 80 adult white male rats within the age range of 9-12 weeks. The animals were divided into eight groups (10 animals in each group). The control group was dosed with the physiological solution until the end of experiment (C). Rats in the second treatment were injected with cisplatin (2 mg/kg, T1). Rats in the third (T2), fourth (T3), and fifth (T4) groups were injected with cisplatin at a concentration (2 mg/kg) and received Vitamin D3 at levels of 5000 IU, 10,000 IU, and 15,000 IU, respectively. The rats in the sixth (T5), seventh (T6), and eighth (T7) groups were subjected to Vitamin D3 at concentrations of 5000 IU,10,000 IU, and 15,000 IU, respectively. At the end of the experiment, which lasted 21 days, the animals were anesthetized, their weights were recorded, and blood samples were collected. The findings revealed a significant elevation in the levels of interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein, lymphocyte percentage, monocyte percentage, and eosinophil percentage within group T1 compared to the control and other treatment groups that received Vitamin D3. The average percentage of white blood cells and neutrophils in group T1 was significantly lesser than other groups. It can be concluded that supplementation of different Vitamin D3 levels (5000-10,000 IU) have positive influences on the immunological parameters of immunosuppressed rats. © (2024) Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Different Concentrations of Vitamin D3 on Immunological Parameters of Immunosuppressed Rats Induced
ASPIRATION, SLICING, AND FLUSHING MEDIUM TECHNIQUES IN COLLECTING OOCYTES OF SHEEP: SEARCHING FOR THE BEST METHOD (Text)
ASPIRATION, SLICING, AND FLUSHING MEDIUM TECHNIQUES IN COLLECTING OOCYTES OF SHEEP: SEARCHING FOR THE BEST METHOD (Other)
HTML Summary of #1111 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">ASPIRATION, SLICING, AND FLUSHING MEDIUM TECHNIQUES IN COLLECTING OOCYTES OF SHEEP: SEARCHING FOR THE BEST METHOD</epc:when>
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the techniques of aspiration, slicing, and flushing medium in collecting oocytes on the quantity and quality of oocytes, the average time used for collecting oocytes per ovary, and the volume of the medium used. The material utilized was 274 ovaries from ewes aged 2.5 to 3.5 years and body weight ranging between 25 and 35 kg. This study used a Completely Randomized Design consists of 3 treatments of techniques were aspiration, slicing, and flushing medium. The parameters measured included the average quantity, quality, and weight of oocytes per ovary (right/left), the effect of the techniques of aspiration, slicing, and flushing medium on the quantity and quality of oocytes, and the efficiency of use of medium and time spent to collect oocytes by using aspiration, slicing, and flushing medium techniques. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that the aspiration technique collected the highest percentage (P<0.01) of oocytes quality A (38.49) compared to the slicing technique (17.93), and the flushing medium technique (11.71). In terms of time, the aspiration technique was the fastest (8–10 minutes) compared to the slicing technique (10–12 minutes), and flushing medium technique (13–15 minutes); meanwhile, the aspiration technique was the most efficient technique (1–2 ml) compared to slicing technique (3–5 ml) and flushing medium technique (6–10 ml). In conclusion, the aspiration technique is the best one for oocyte collection from sheep ovaries. This technique proves to be efficient in terms of quantity and quality of the oocytes collected, time to perform, and medium to use. © The Author(s) 2024
ASPIRATION, SLICING, AND FLUSHING MEDIUM TECHNIQUES IN COLLECTING OOCYTES OF SHEEP: SEARCHING FOR THE BEST METHOD
Regression Analysis of Concrete Produced from Selected Wastewater Types (Text)
Regression Analysis of Concrete Produced from Selected Wastewater Types (Other)
HTML Summary of #1303 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Regression Analysis of Concrete Produced from Selected Wastewater Types</epc:when>
This study investigates the effects of using various wastewater types on the strength characteristics of concrete through regression analysis. Given the construction industry's substantial freshwater consumption and the increasing scarcity of potable water, the research explores the viability of substituting wastewater in concrete production. Materials tested include cement, aggregates, and wastewater from kitchen, laundry, fish-pond, and paint industry, alongside potable water for control. Comprehensive tests on these materials, including physical, chemical, and bacteriological assessments, preceded the concrete mixing and casting process. The study involved curing concrete specimens and performing compressive and tensile strength tests at intervals of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Results indicated that while concrete made with potable water exhibited superior performance, wastewaters significantly influenced the mechanical properties of concrete, with potable water achieving the highest compressive and tensile strengths. Regression analysis confirmed a substantial impact of curing duration on strength development. The research concludes that water quality is crucial for concrete performance and suggests potable water for optimal strength, though wastewaters present a potential alternative, highlighting the need for further evaluation and adherence to quality standards.
Regression Analysis of Concrete Produced from Selected Wastewater Types
Production Performance and Some Biochemical Traits of Layer Hens Fed on Date Palm Kernel Supplementation (Text)
Production Performance and Some Biochemical Traits of Layer Hens Fed on Date Palm Kernel Supplementation (Other)
HTML Summary of #1223 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Production Performance and Some Biochemical Traits of Layer Hens Fed on Date Palm Kernel Supplementation</epc:when>
To enhance the well-being and productivity of poultry, researchers have conducted investigations into various botanical sources, including date palm kernel, and their bioactive components. The present investigation was conducted to assess the productive performance and certain biochemical characteristics of layer hens that were administered date palm kernel supplementation in their diet. To this end, 40 ISA Brown laying hens (48 weeks old) were used in the current study. The adaptation phase for the chickens lasted for 10 days before the initiation of the experiment. The study lasted 8 weeks. The chickens were then randomly assigned into two groups of 20, with 4 replications (5 chickens per replication). Chickens in the treatment group received 5 of dry matter ground date palm kernel (GDPK), as an additive to the basal diet, and the control group (CL) chickens were fed the basal diet. The eggs were collected daily during the study. At the end of weeks 1, 2, 4, and 6 of the study, egg production percentage, egg weight, and the feed conversion ratio were measured. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected to measure the serum levels of glucose, total protein, cholesterol, creatinine, and uric acid. The study findings revealed significant increases in the daily egg production percentage and egg weight during the experiment in the GDPK group, compared to the CL group. The feed conversion ratio recorded significant decreases in the GDPK group when compared to the CL group. Furthermore, the findings indicated significant increases in the serum total protein and significant decreases in the glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, and uric acid concentrations in the GDPK group, compared to the CL group. In conclusion, the results indicated the positive effects of adding ground date palm kernel to the diet of layers on production performance, such as egg weight, conversion ratio, and some biochemical traits, including total protein, glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, and uric acid. © The Author(s) 2024. All Rights Reserved.
Production Performance and Some Biochemical Traits of Layer Hens Fed on Date Palm Kernel Supplementation
Comparative Effects of Meloxicam and Phenylbutazone on Clinical Outcomes and Acute Phase Response in Sheep with Acute Respiratory Disease (Text)
Comparative Effects of Meloxicam and Phenylbutazone on Clinical Outcomes and Acute Phase Response in Sheep with Acute Respiratory Disease (Other)
HTML Summary of #1222 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Comparative Effects of Meloxicam and Phenylbutazone on Clinical Outcomes and Acute Phase Response in Sheep with Acute Respiratory Disease</epc:when>
The ovine respiratory complex (ORC) is one of the most common respiratory diseases observed in sheep. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the comparative therapeutic efficacy of two non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (meloxicam and phenylbutazone) for the treatment of the ORC. For this purpose, 33 Ossimi sheep were randomly assigned into three treatment groups (11 each). Group 1 was treated with amoxicillin long-acting (LA) and meloxicam, group 2 received amoxicillin LA and phenylbutazone, and group 3 was treated with amoxicillin LA alone. Sheep were examined clinically and clinical index scores were recorded before and after treatment. Additionally, blood samples were collected from each sheep. After 14 days of treatment, sheep of group 1 indicated significant improvements in their clinical index scores and a reduction in total leukocyte count. However, there was a significant increase in red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and MCHC. There was a significant decrease in the serum globulin, copper, and haptoglobin in group 1, compared to sheep of groups 2 and 3. Based on the results of this study, administering meloxicam to sheep with an ovine respiratory complex resulted in significant improvements in clinical outcomes and significant corrections in above mentioned hematological and biochemical parameters. Although phenylbutazone proved to be less effective, it still demonstrated some degree of efficacy in treating this condition. This study suggests that meloxicam may be a more effective treatment option for ORC with phenylbutazone. © The Author(s) 2024. All Rights Reserved.
Comparative Effects of Meloxicam and Phenylbutazone on Clinical Outcomes and Acute Phase Response in Sheep with Acute Respiratory Disease
ENHANCING GROWTH AND MILK PRODUCTION OF DAIRY BUFFALOES THROUGH HOME-GROWN FORAGES AND COMPLETE NUTRIENT DIET (Text)
ENHANCING GROWTH AND MILK PRODUCTION OF DAIRY BUFFALOES THROUGH HOME-GROWN FORAGES AND COMPLETE NUTRIENT DIET (Other)
HTML Summary of #1107 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">ENHANCING GROWTH AND MILK PRODUCTION OF DAIRY BUFFALOES THROUGH HOME-GROWN FORAGES AND COMPLETE NUTRIENT DIET</epc:when>
This study aimed to boost the growth and milk production of dairy buffaloes while increasing farmers’ income in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The approach involved utilizing home-grown forages (HGF), such as napier grass and various legumes (Leucaena, Rensonii, and Indigofera), along with a complete nutrient diet (CND). For growing buffaloes, the CND consisted of 23 kg chopped napier grasses, 3 kg legumes, and 1 kg grower concentrates. For lactating buffaloes, the CND comprised 45 kg napier grass, 5 kg legumes, and 2 kg dairy concentrates. Sixty farmers, collectively raising 348 buffaloes, were trained in HGF production and CND preparation. In a 120-day feeding trial for growing buffaloes, a subset of 20 farmers participated, with 10 feeding their buffaloes CND and the other 10 serving as controls. The control group employed traditional feeding practices, involving tethered grazing on native pasture supplemented by cut-and-carry feeding of mixed native grasses. Implementing CND for growing buffaloes resulted in an average daily gain (ADG) of 0.46 kg or an improvement of 53.33 compared to the 0.30 kg ADG observed with traditional feeding. Moreover, CND implementation reduced feed costs, leading to a 98.54 increase in income per growing animal. In a separate feeding trial for lactating buffaloes, another subset of 20 farmers participated, with 10 feeding CND and the remaining 10 serving as controls (traditional feeding). Feeding CND to lactating buffaloes increased daily milk yield from 4.6 kg to 6.0 kg per animal, reflecting a 30.43 improvement compared to those fed with the control diet. This translated to a 41.31 increase in farmers’ income over a 180-day lactation period. The findings underline the effectiveness of HGF production and CND feeding in improving the performance of dairy buffaloes and increasing the financial well-being of farmers in Nueva Ecija, marking a significant advancement in sustainable dairy farming practices. © The Author(s) 2024
ENHANCING GROWTH AND MILK PRODUCTION OF DAIRY BUFFALOES THROUGH HOME-GROWN FORAGES AND COMPLETE NUTRIENT DIET
Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal on Local Guinea Fowl Breeder Hens’ Performance, Egg Quality, and Blood Parameters (Text)
Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal on Local Guinea Fowl Breeder Hens’ Performance, Egg Quality, and Blood Parameters (Other)
HTML Summary of #1164 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal on Local Guinea Fowl Breeder Hens’ Performance, Egg Quality, and Blood Parameters</epc:when>
Breeding local guinea fowl has the potential to address protein malnutrition and alleviate poverty in West African countries. The current study aimed to examine the effects of incorporating Moringa oleifera leaf meal into the diet on hematology and biochemical parameters as well as the productive performance of local guinea fowl breeders in Togo. Thus, 512 local guinea fowls (22 weeks of age with an average weight of 1176.7 ± 2.9 g), comprising 384 females and 128 males, were examined for 31 weeks. The fowls were randomly assigned to four dietary groups, namely M0, M1, M2, and M3 containing 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 of Moringa oleifera leaf meal in diets, respectively. Each group had 4 replicates of 32 fowls. During the study, feed intake, body weight, egg-laying rate, and feed conversion ratio were weekly recorded. Blood samples for hematology and biochemical analysis were taken from 12 females (3/replicate) at 34 and 50 weeks of age. Eggs were collected for the quality evaluation. Results showed that feed intake was comparable across all groups during the rearing period (23 to 33 weeks of age). However, it significantly decreased in fowls of the M2 and M3 during the laying period (34 to 50 weeks of age). The live weight of fowls in M3 was significantly higher than other groups before the laying period. The egg production, yolk ratio, and shell ratio of the birds in the M1 were like that of M0 and higher than that of M2 and M3. The feed conversion ratio was not significantly different between groups during the laying period. However, the albumen ratio and haugh unit were improved by feeding Moringa leaves especially at level 1.5. The level of white blood cells and lymphocytes decreased by feeding the Moringa leaves at 1. Neutrophils and platelet levels were comparable across groups. Total proteins, albumin, and transaminases increased in Moringa groups (M1, M2, M3), especially in M3. It was concluded that the use of Moringa oleifera leaves at 0.5 improved egg-laying performance in local guinea fowl. Moreover, 1 and 1.5 of incorporation improved the quality of eggs. © Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal on Local Guinea Fowl Breeder Hens’ Performance, Egg Quality, and Blood Parameters
EFFECT OF REPLACING CORN WITH THREE FIBRE SOURCES ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKEN (Text)
EFFECT OF REPLACING CORN WITH THREE FIBRE SOURCES ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKEN (Other)
HTML Summary of #1131 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF REPLACING CORN WITH THREE FIBRE SOURCES ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKEN</epc:when>
The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing corn with three dietary fibre sources on the growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chicken. One hundred and forty four one-day old broiler chickens were used for the experiment. The birds were brooded for two weeks on commercial starter diet after which they were subjected to four experimental diets or treatments. The birds were randomly distributed into four treatments with three replicates, each replicate consisting of 12 birds. All birds in each treatment were fed with different diet and weighed at the end of every week. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments were designated as treatment T1, T2, T3, T4 while T1 was tagged as a control diet without any source of dietary fibre, T2 as a diet with wheat bran as a source of dietary fibre, T3 as a diet with rice bran as a source of dietary fibre, T4 as a diet with brewers dried grain (BDG) as a source of dietary fibre. There was no significant (p›0.05) difference in the initial weight of the birds across the treatments, but there was a significant (p<0.05) difference in the final weight and body weight gain of the birds where T2 had the highest body weight gain and T3 has the lowest body weight gain. This trend was also observed in the carcass. Based on the result of this experiment wheat bran can be used as a source of dietary fibre for better growth performance of broiler chicken at a low inclusion level. © (2024) Scienceline Publication.
EFFECT OF REPLACING CORN WITH THREE FIBRE SOURCES ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKEN
Differential Gene Expression Profiling during Avian Immune Organ Development: Insights from Thymus and Bursa of Fabricius Transcriptome Analysis (Text)
Differential Gene Expression Profiling during Avian Immune Organ Development: Insights from Thymus and Bursa of Fabricius Transcriptome Analysis (Other)
HTML Summary of #1166 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Differential Gene Expression Profiling during Avian Immune Organ Development: Insights from Thymus and Bursa of Fabricius Transcriptome Analysis</epc:when>
Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells undergo maturation to regenerate blood cells. T-cell and B-cell maturation from common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) is regulated by distinct transcription factors and signaling pathways. Notch signaling, GATA3, and TCF1 drive T-cell fate, while EBF1, PU.1, E2A, Pax5, TCF1, and Foxo1 regulate B-cell differentiation. Alterations in these factors can cause lineage deviations. Gene expression profiling of the chick thymus and bursa reveals dynamic expression patterns of transcription factors, cytokines, and signal molecules. Notch1 and Dll1 expression that increase during later stages indicate the ongoing role of Notch signaling in T-cell lineage maintenance. The current study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes during the development of the avian immune organs, focusing on the thymus and bursa using 24 Ross 308 avian breed. The mRNA libraries from these organs were analyzed using quantitative Real-time PCR analysis at six time points spanning the embryonic ages (days 15 and 18) and post-hatch age (days 3, 7, 14, and 28). The data for the gene expression indicated significant variations across different stages of immune organ development. Differential gene expression was observed between sorted T and B-cells, with GATA3, CD3e, CD4, and Ptprc showing higher expression in the T-cell population, and Pax5 and CD81 exhibiting higher expression in the B-cell population. Notably, ENO1 and IRF4 showed higher expression in T-cells at E15 and B-cells at E18. The study highlights the importance of regulatory factors and genes in maintaining cellular identity, furthers the understanding of avian immunology, and has the potential for improving poultry health and studying immune-related diseases in humans. These findings pave the way for further research on the role of biochemical components under important disease conditions in avian immunology and their potential applications for poultry health. © The Author(s) 2024
Differential Gene Expression Profiling during Avian Immune Organ Development: Insights from Thymus and Bursa of Fabricius Transcriptome Analysis
Effects of Suture Implantation Using Different Suture Materials on the Skin Histopathology, Immune Expression of Interleukin-6, and Hematological Parameters in Rat (Text)
Effects of Suture Implantation Using Different Suture Materials on the Skin Histopathology, Immune Expression of Interleukin-6, and Hematological Parameters in Rat (Other)
HTML Summary of #1215 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Suture Implantation Using Different Suture Materials on the Skin Histopathology, Immune Expression of Interleukin-6, and Hematological Parameters in Rat</epc:when>
Suture implantation is a procedure to promote rearrangement of the extracellular matrix. Various cellular responses of post-suture implantation affect the outcome of this procedure. The current study aimed to analyze the effects of suture implantation using polycaprolactone/polylactic acid/hyaluronic acid (PCL/PLA/HA) on skin histopathology, expression of IL-6, and hematological parameters in rat models. To conduct the study, 25 male Sprague Dawley rats, three months old were randomly divided into five groups, including G1 (control), G2 (sham, group injected using skin cannula), and G3-G5 (suture implanted groups). For the suture-implanted groups, a cannula was used using suture materials. Specifically, G3 received truglyde implants, G4 received PCL/PLA/HA implants, and G5 received polydioxanone (PDO) implants. The back skin and blood samples were collected on day 3. Histopathological analysis was conducted on the samples using H and E, Congo red, immunohistochemistry against IL-6, and hematology. The analysis of the data revealed that the group with suture implantation using PCL/PLA/HA had the smallest wound area, compared to the other implanted groups. Further, the PCL/PLA/HA group showed a significant decrease in eosinophils infiltration and IL-6 level on the skin samples after suture implantation. Moreover, there were no significant differences across the groups in most of the hematological parameters after suture implantation, including total erythrocytes, hemoglobin, eosinophil, basophil, and monocyte levels. The total neutrophils increased after suture implantation in all groups, while the total lymphocytes decreased. It can be concluded that the best material according to parameters evaluated in the current study for suture implantation was PCL/PLA/HA. © The Author(s) 2024. All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Suture Implantation Using Different Suture Materials on the Skin Histopathology, Immune Expression of Interleukin-6, and Hematological Parameters in Rat
Molecular Detection of Avian Poxvirus in Chickens and Pigeons of Diyala Province in Iraq (Text)
Molecular Detection of Avian Poxvirus in Chickens and Pigeons of Diyala Province in Iraq (Other)
HTML Summary of #1162 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Molecular Detection of Avian Poxvirus in Chickens and Pigeons of Diyala Province in Iraq</epc:when>
Fowlpox is an infectious viral disease affecting domestic and wild birds. The current study was conducted using PCR-based molecular detection to determine the avian pox virus (APV) and its genetic sequence. A total of 40 pigeons and 40 chickens suspected of APV were obtained from different bird markets. Following euthanasia, tissue samples were taken from the vents, eyes, wings, and beaks for molecular analysis. DNA extraction was focused on the core protein gene region (pb4). PCR results confirmed the presence of APV in all samples, generating specific cDNA bands of 329 bp. Four GenBank accession codes (OR670580, OR670581, OR670582, and OR670583) represented pigeon pox samples, whereas two GenBank accession numbers (OR619724 and OR619725) represented samples of fowlpox. A significant similarity of 99 was found by genetic analysis between the reference target sequences and the sequenced samples. In viral samples of fowlpox and avipoxvirus, nucleic acid variants (205 C?> G and 204 T?> C) were found with missense and silent effects on particular proteins (p.101Leu>Val and p.108Pro). Phylogenetic analysis organized the samples into clades representing fowlpox and pigeon pox viruses, showing close relationships with strains from different geographical regions. This study unequivocally demonstrates the susceptibility of both domestic and wild birds to avian pox, highlighting the pivotal role of phylogenetic analysis and molecular detection in elucidating novel perspectives on the genetic landscape of these viruses. © The Author(s) 2024
Molecular Detection of Avian Poxvirus in Chickens and Pigeons of Diyala Province in Iraq
Bio-Grouting: Advancing Soil Stabilization for Eco-Friendly Infrastructure (Text)
Bio-Grouting: Advancing Soil Stabilization for Eco-Friendly Infrastructure (Other)
HTML Summary of #1302 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Bio-Grouting: Advancing Soil Stabilization for Eco-Friendly Infrastructure</epc:when>
The burgeoning demand for sustainable infrastructure necessitates the adoption of innovative soil stabilization techniques that are both effective and environmentally benign. This study introduces bio-grouting, a novel approach utilizing biologically induced calcite precipitation (BICP) mediated by Bacillus pasteurii, to enhance soil strength and durability. By incorporating naturally occurring soil bacteria, bio-grouting not only improves soil mechanical properties but also significantly reduces permeability, thereby extending the longevity of infrastructure and minimizing environmental impacts. Extensive laboratory tests and field trials demonstrate that bio-grouting provides substantial improvements in unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and decreases soil permeability by up to 90% across various soil types, including sandy loam, clay, and silty sand. Moreover, durability tests under environmental stresses confirm the treated soil’s resilience, underscoring bio-grouting’s potential as a sustainable and scalable solution for geotechnical engineering applications.
Bio-Grouting: Advancing Soil Stabilization for Eco-Friendly Infrastructure
IDENTIFICATION OF OF SOME GENETIC MARKERS AS PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN UKRAINIAN DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING (Text)
IDENTIFICATION OF OF SOME GENETIC MARKERS AS PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN UKRAINIAN DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING (Other)
HTML Summary of #1132 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">IDENTIFICATION OF OF SOME GENETIC MARKERS AS PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN UKRAINIAN DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING</epc:when>
Selection based on DNA markers is a breeding technique grounded in the genomic selection value of animals. The aim of the research is to study the genotypic profile of cows of different breeds in Ukrainian breeding in relation to the genes LEP, CSN3, TG5, BLG, and Pit-1 and to identify the probability of using them as markers for reproductive traits in cows. During the study, the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to analyze the genes and determine their polymorphic characteristics. The obtained data indicated that the same gene variants have varying effects in the studied breeds due to their diverse influences on the genomic background. Specifically, the homozygous state of leptin genes (LEPCC) and pituitary-specific transcription factor (PIT-1BB) was observed to impact the reproductive characteristics of cows in the evaluated breeds. Meanwhile, for the genes casein (CSN3AB), thyroglobulin (TG5CT), and beta-lactoglobulin (BLGAВ), the heterozygous state of alleles was found to influence the key reproductive traits of dairy cattle of Holstein origin. The polymorphism of the genes CSN3, βLG, TG, PIT-1, and LEP indicated the presence of genetic potential for the reproductive function of cows and can be utilized as molecular markers in selective breeding, providing significant progress in improving not only the traits of dairy cattle productivity but also reproductive function. Therefore, in the implementation of selective breeding work, it is advisable to consider genotyping for the genes CSN3, βLG, TG, PIT-1, and LEP as an additional criterion for the selection of animals to enhance both their milk and reproductive characteristics. © (2024) Scienceline Publication.
IDENTIFICATION OF OF SOME GENETIC MARKERS AS PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN UKRAINIAN DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING
HTML Summary of #1258 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">IDENTIFICATION OF OF SOME GENETIC MARKERS AS PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN UKRAINIAN DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING</epc:when>
Growth Performance in Laying Ducks Fed Protein Diets Supplemented by Fresh Black Soldier Fly Larva (Text)
Growth Performance in Laying Ducks Fed Protein Diets Supplemented by Fresh Black Soldier Fly Larva (Other)
HTML Summary of #1163 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Growth Performance in Laying Ducks Fed Protein Diets Supplemented by Fresh Black Soldier Fly Larva</epc:when>
Live black soldier fly (BSF) maggots serve as an alternative feed for ducks and other poultry, boasting a protein composition similar to fish meal. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of live BSF maggot supplementation as a protein source on increasing duck daily production, feed conversion ratio, and egg quality. A total of 120 female Alabio ducks aged 7 months were randomly divided into 24 cages with four treatments and six replications. Each cage consisted of five ducks. Performance parameters such as daily egg production, feed conversion ratio, and egg mass production were evaluated, along with the quality of duck eggs, including egg weight, yolk weight, yolk crude protein, and albumen crude protein. The results revealed that protein levels did not significantly affect feed consumption during the laying phase for ducks. However, the comparison of duck day production between treatment groups indicated that ducks receiving lower protein levels (13.43) exhibited lower production, compared to those with higher protein levels (18.29). Furthermore, feed protein content had a notable impact on egg weight, yolk weight, and albumen crude protein. The study demonstrated a significant increase in egg yolk weight, while the percentages of egg yolk weight and eggshell weight showed no significant differences. In conclusion, this research suggests that supplementing duck diets with live BSF maggots can enhance egg quality and performance parameters. © The Author(s) 2024
Growth Performance in Laying Ducks Fed Protein Diets Supplemented by Fresh Black Soldier Fly Larva
Efficacy and Safety of an Inactivated Novel Variant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Broiler Chickens (Text)
Efficacy and Safety of an Inactivated Novel Variant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #1168 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Efficacy and Safety of an Inactivated Novel Variant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
The infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is severe and highly contagious, causing high mortality and immunosuppression in chickens worldwide. A new novel variant, IBDV (nVarIBDV), has recently emerged in Asian countries, including Malaysia, highlighting the need to develop a new vaccine against this strain due to the inadequacy of existing commercial vaccines in protecting chickens from nVarIBDV infection. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of inactivated nVarIBDV as a potential vaccine candidate in broiler chickens. A total of 65 one-day-old Arbo Acres broiler chickens were randomly divided into three groups (five animals in each group with four replications) before the challenge, namely A, B, and C. Groups A and B were immunized subcutaneously at day old with inactivated nVarIBDV (107 EID50/0.2 ml), and Group B was boosted at day 14. Group C was an unimmunized control. The experimental animals were divided into three subgroups and were challenged with pathogenic nVarIBDV (105 EID50/1.0ml) on day 28 post-inoculation through ocular and oral routes. The challenge sub-groups were named ACH, BCH, and CCH, respectively. The live body weight, bursa weight, and blood samples of the chickens were recorded. Gross lesions were examined, and samples of the bursa of Fabricius were collected from all the groups for histological evaluation. All the chickens appeared healthy and normal throughout the trial. Body weight increased in all groups without significant differences. The bursa weight and the bursa-to-body weight ratio of the booster group (Group B) were significantly higher than the non-booster and control groups. Gross lesions were not observed in the investigated groups. The challenged control group had higher bursa lesion scoring than the vaccinated groups. The IBDV antibody titer of challenged chickens in ACH, BCH, and CCH groups was higher than those of unchallenged groups A, B, and C at 35 days post-inoculation. The IBDV antibody titer of challenged chickens in group B was higher than challenged chickens in groups A and C (ACH and CCH). In conclusion, the inactivated nVarIBDV demonstrated safety and efficacy, with the booster Group (B) showing elevated humoral immune responses compared to the non-booster group. © The Author(s) 2024
Efficacy and Safety of an Inactivated Novel Variant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Broiler Chickens
The Relationship of Histamine Content in European Pilchard (Sardina pilchardus) with Freshness, Temperature, and Storage Duration (Text)
The Relationship of Histamine Content in European Pilchard (Sardina pilchardus) with Freshness, Temperature, and Storage Duration (Other)
HTML Summary of #1217 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Relationship of Histamine Content in European Pilchard (Sardina pilchardus) with Freshness, Temperature, and Storage Duration</epc:when>
Histamine food poisoning, stemming from the consumption of certain histamine-rich fish species, such as tuna, mackerel, European pilchards, and herring, is one of the major public health issues worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the histamine content in fresh European pilchard (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum, 1792) of Mehdia, a coastal city in the north of Morocco. Three randomly selected batches of fresh European pilchards, each weighing 20kg, were obtained from different boats upon landing. The evolution of histamine production was monitored every 8 hours for 6 days, with one batch stored at 0°C and the other at 10°C. The organoleptic characteristics were examined considering sensory evaluation according to the rating system of European Council Regulation No. 2406/96 as common marketing standards for certain fishery products and the quality index method (QIM). The histamine content in European pilchard flesh was determined using the fluorometric method. The results indicated that the average histamine content did not exceed 5 ppm during storage at 0°C. The freshness ratings were highest during the first 3 days, corresponding to QIM values of 0 to 10 at 0°C. On days 4 and 5, the freshness ratings were on quality A, corresponding to QIM values of 11 and 12, and on the last day, they were on quality B, corresponding to a QIM value of 15 with preservation of the organoleptic quality. Statistically, a significant correlation was found between the European pilchard’s freshness and the storage duration. In contrast, this correlation between the histamine content and the storage duration was insignificant. At 10°C, the average histamine content exceeded the regulatory limit in force (100 ppm) after 32 hours of storage, and spoilage occurred on day 3. Statistical analysis revealed a strong correlation between the histamine content, storage temperature, the degree of freshness, and the duration of storage. The extra freshness quality index of European pilchard guarantees a very large margin of safety regarding histamine and can be consumed without risk. © The Author(s) 2024. All Rights Reserved.
The Relationship of Histamine Content in European Pilchard (Sardina pilchardus) with Freshness, Temperature, and Storage Duration
Dry Matter Intake, Digestibility, and Growth Performance of Peulh Breed Lambs Fed Millet Silage Treated with NaCl (Text)
Dry Matter Intake, Digestibility, and Growth Performance of Peulh Breed Lambs Fed Millet Silage Treated with NaCl (Other)
HTML Summary of #1209 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Dry Matter Intake, Digestibility, and Growth Performance of Peulh Breed Lambs Fed Millet Silage Treated with NaCl</epc:when>
Livestock feeding is a major challenge in Niger. The aim of this study conducted at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) experimental station in Sadoré, Niger, was to assess the effects of adding 1 NaCl to millet stover silage on the dry matter intake, digestibility, and weight performance of Peulh-bred lambs. Four treatments were tested, consisting of millet stover silages of two cultivars (Siaka Millet and Local Sadore) with or without adding NaCl. The biological material included 32 lambs of Peulh breed Niger aged around 15 months with an average weight of 28.64 kg. They were divided into four blocks of homogeneous average weight and for each block, there were eight lambs. Each treatment was randomly assigned to a block. The trial lasted 75 days, including 15 days of adaptation and 60 days of data collection. Weight evaluation of animals was recorded, and bromatological analyses were carried out. Results indicated that there were significant differences between silages, according to NaCl addition and treatment, for some parameters of chemical composition, feed value, and zootechnical parameters of lambs. Depending on the treatment, moderately high significant differences were recorded for ash, organic matter, and crude fiber while low significant differences were recorded for digestibility coefficient and organic matter digestibility. Regarding NaCl addition, highly elevated significant differences were recorded for ash and organic matter. These differences were moderately significant for crude fiber and organic matter digestibility. Low significant differences were recorded for dry matter, nitrogen-free extract, digestibility coefficient, feed value, total weight gain, and average daily gain. It is concluded that the addition of 1 NaCl negatively affects the weight development of lambs although it improves the quality of silage parameters such as dry matter, ash, and digestibility coefficient. © The Author(s) 2024. All Rights Reserved.
Dry Matter Intake, Digestibility, and Growth Performance of Peulh Breed Lambs Fed Millet Silage Treated with NaCl
Development of Rapid Detection Kit for Necrotic Enteritis Disease in Poultry using Protein A Agglutination (Text)
Development of Rapid Detection Kit for Necrotic Enteritis Disease in Poultry using Protein A Agglutination (Other)
HTML Summary of #1213 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Development of Rapid Detection Kit for Necrotic Enteritis Disease in Poultry using Protein A Agglutination</epc:when>
Necrotic enteritis causes significant losses in the global poultry industry, necessitating accurate diagnosis for effective intervention. This study aimed to develop a diagnostic tool for detecting necrotic enteritis in poultry based on the presence of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) Alpha-toxin in poultry feces. The reagent of the detection kit was developed by conjugation of IgG against C. perfringens toxin and Staphylococcus cells containing protein A. The IgG antibody was derived from an 8-month-old thin-tailed male sheep immunized with purified 2 ml of C. perfringens Alpha-toxin. Sensitivity assays were carried out to determine the detection limit, while Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis) were used to identify specificity. A purified Alpha-toxin with a protein concentration of 2.8 mg/ml and a specific molecular weight of 43 kDa was successfully obtained. A strong reaction of the hyperimmune antibody (IgG) was also detected in the thin-tailed male sheep serum. The developed rapid detection kit in this study indicated C. perfringens Alpha-toxin with a lower concentration (12 ng/ml). Agglutination reactions could differentiate positive control from negative without significant cross-reactivity towards other bacteria (S. enteritidis and E. coli). © The Author(s) 2024
Development of Rapid Detection Kit for Necrotic Enteritis Disease in Poultry using Protein A Agglutination
Effects of Natural Guard Liquid (an Essential Oil-Based Product) on Growth Performance, Hematological Profile, and Antibody Response to Newcastle Disease Virus in Broiler Chickens (Text)
Effects of Natural Guard Liquid (an Essential Oil-Based Product) on Growth Performance, Hematological Profile, and Antibody Response to Newcastle Disease Virus in Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #1171 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Natural Guard Liquid (an Essential Oil-Based Product) on Growth Performance, Hematological Profile, and Antibody Response to Newcastle Disease Virus in Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Natural guard liquid (NGL) is an immunomodulator consisting of an essential oil blend (lavender oil, eucalyptus oil, and pine oil) that can improve the immunity (IgG) of animals. The objective of this research was to assess the effectiveness of a mixture of NGL comprising of essential oil (eucalyptus, lavender, and pine oil) on growth performance, hematological profile, and antibody titer response to the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in Lohman strain broiler chickens. A total of 400-day-old unsexed broiler chickens with an average weight of 42.48 ± 2.08 g were randomly distributed into four groups, each comprising two replications with 50 chicks. The control group, T0, received no essential oil, while other treatment groups, T1, T2, and T3, were administered NGL at 80, 100, and 200 ppm, respectively. The mixture was administered in drinking water for 30 days. The animals had received vaccinations at the Hatchery, including active NDV, inactive NDV, and Gumboro. Regular recordings were made for feed consumption, water intake, mortality, and body weight. Blood samples for routine hematological examination (hemoglobin, erythrocytes, packed cell volume, erythrocyte index, leucocytes, and differential leucocytes) and immune parameter (NDV antibody titer) assessment were collected at the onset as well as after 15 and 30 days of treatment. The hemoglobin levels, erythrocytes, total leukocytes, lymphocytes, and Heterophil-lymphocyte index showed significant differences in groups T1 and T2 compared to T0. While the NDV antibody titer showed a significant difference at T2 compared to T0, it was not significantly different at T1 and T3. The best results and performance was indicated in T2 (100 ppm), characterized by body weight (1,839 g), and feed conversion ratio (1.573). The hematological profile in the T2 group included hemoglobin (11.78 g/dL), total erythrocytes (2.82 ×106 u/L), total leukocytes (52.67 ×103 u/L), and the NDV antibody titer (48 ± 10.20) in the fifth week. In conclusion, the optimum dose of NGL is 100 ppm, which significantly influences growth performance, hematological profile, and antibody titer against NDV. © The Author(s) 2024
Effects of Natural Guard Liquid (an Essential Oil-Based Product) on Growth Performance, Hematological Profile, and Antibody Response to Newcastle Disease Virus in Broiler Chickens
Effects of Different Dosages and Methods of Saponin Preparation from Mucuna pruriens Leaves on In Vitro Feed Digestibility (Text)
Effects of Different Dosages and Methods of Saponin Preparation from Mucuna pruriens Leaves on In Vitro Feed Digestibility (Other)
HTML Summary of #1221 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Different Dosages and Methods of Saponin Preparation from Mucuna pruriens Leaves on In Vitro Feed Digestibility</epc:when>
The Mucuna pruriens is commonly used in traditional medicine for anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, neuroprotector, antidiabetic, and anti-cancer purposes. The bioactive compounds, such as flavonoid, tannin, and saponin, could improve feed digestion efficiency in ruminants’ rumen. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of different dosages and the two methods of saponin preparation from Mucuna pruriens leaves on in vitro feed digestibility parameters. A randomized block design with nested arrangements (2×5×3) was used in this study. Two methods of obtaining saponins from Mucuna pruriens leaves, including meal (MPLM) and extract (MPLE) of Mucuna pruriens leaves, were compared. The nested treatments of the preparation methods were the dosages of the saponin as feed additives in feed samples, involving 0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, and 0.10. There were 15 samples in each group (five-level dosage and three repetitions). The feed contained 40 forage and 60 concentrate. The obtained results indicated that saponin preparation from Mucuna pruriens leaves (MPLM and MPLE) significantly affected dry matter, organic matter, and crude fiber rumen degradability (r-DMD, r-OMD, r-CFD, respectively), as well as NH3, volatile fatty acid, propionate, butyrate concentrations, acetate-to-propionate (A/P) ratio, acetate, and propionate percentage. However, there was no significant impact on protozoa population, acetate concentration, butyrate percentage, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). The MPLM saponin revealed significantly higher values on digestibility parameters except for protozoa, A/P ratio, and acetate percentage. The MPLM saponin dosage of 0.05 showed the highest values for r-DMD (56.48), r-OMD (56.51), and r-CFD (54.64), total Volatile fatty acid (77.71 mM), propionate (21.57 mM), propionate percentage (27.76), IVDMD (65.95), and IVOMD (65.86), but lowest in A/P ratio (2.04). In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggest that the MPLM saponin at a dosage of 0.05 holds promising potential for enhancing the fermentation profile in ruminants. © The Author(s) 2024. All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Different Dosages and Methods of Saponin Preparation from Mucuna pruriens Leaves on In Vitro Feed Digestibility
Identification of Extremely Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Via Molecular and Histological Methods in Broiler Chickens (Text)
Identification of Extremely Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Via Molecular and Histological Methods in Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #1169 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Identification of Extremely Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Via Molecular and Histological Methods in Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is caused by an RNA virus belonging to the Avibirnavirus genus within the Birnaviridae family. The global prevalence of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a significant concern, affecting birds of all ages. Birds infected with IBDV exhibit symptoms, such as depression, bleeding in the thighs and pectoral muscles, and enlargement of the bursa. This study aimed to identify predominant IBDV serotypes using molecular methods and to gain insights into the resulting pathological conditions in infected chickens. Additionally, the study investigated the viral sequence and the relationship between a local Diyala isolate and reference strains from the Genebank. In the current study, the IBDV was isolated from broiler chickens aged 2-3 weeks from 15 farms in the Diyala Governorate of Iraq. A total of 15 samples, each from a different farm, were collected. Necropsy samples were obtained from various organs of broiler chickens, including the bursa of Fabricius, lungs, liver, and kidneys. Specific primers targeting the VP2 gene were used for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. The RT-PCR analysis yielded a 727 bp fragment, confirming the presence of IBDV in 10 out of the 15 samples. One strain was assigned the accession number LC498531 in the NCBI database. Phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining tree program revealed three distinct groups. All examined regional samples (S1) were situated within the constructed tree. Five samples formed a specific group, indicating a close relationship. Histological examination of the tissues showed visible alterations such as degeneration, necrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells, particularly heterophils, providing clear evidence of the disease. In conclusion, this study confirmed the presence of IBDV in broiler chickens from multiple farms in Iraq’s Diyala Governorate, highlighting distinct clustering patterns in viral sequences. Moreover, the study confirmed the virus's presence using conventional RT-PCR, with histological examination supporting the findings. © The Author(s) 2023
Identification of Extremely Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Via Molecular and Histological Methods in Broiler Chickens
Dietary Protein Levels in the Small Intestine and Carcass Traits of Cross-Breed Chickens (Text)
Dietary Protein Levels in the Small Intestine and Carcass Traits of Cross-Breed Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #1172 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Dietary Protein Levels in the Small Intestine and Carcass Traits of Cross-Breed Chickens</epc:when>
Protein is a source of nutrients that plays a significant role in biological processes. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of feed with different protein levels on the pH and viscosity of the small intestine, ileum characteristics, and carcass traits of cross-breed chickens. A total of 160 cross-breed unsexed chicks aged 2 days were divided into three treatments (T1-T3), each consisting of 6 replications with 9 chicks per replication, consisting of a diet with protein level (T1; starter 18 and finisher 16;), a diet with protein level (T2; starter 20 and finisher 18), and a diet with protein level (T3; starter 22 and finisher 20). Cross-breed chickens were crossed between Bangkok males and Lohmann laying hens. The variables were analyzed, including pH and viscosity of digesta, ileum characteristics consisting of total villous, height of villous, and depth of crypt. The carcass percentages consisting of the carcass, breast, thicks, wings, and back were measured. The research was analyzed using a completely randomized design. The results indicated that different protein levels in treatments were significantly different in total villous, height of villous, and depth of crypt but did not indicate a significant difference in pH and viscosity. Furthermore, the treatments have a significant difference in the carcass percentage and thick percentage but did not significantly affect the breast, wings, and back. It can be concluded that 22 crude protein in the starter and 20 crude protein in the finisher produced the greatest results in the intestinal characteristics and also in the carcass percentage of cross-breed chickens. © Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Dietary Protein Levels in the Small Intestine and Carcass Traits of Cross-Breed Chickens
The Influence of Mannan Oligosaccharides and Beta Glucan Supplementation on Growth Performance, Blood Constituents, and Cecal Parameters of Broiler Chickens (Text)
The Influence of Mannan Oligosaccharides and Beta Glucan Supplementation on Growth Performance, Blood Constituents, and Cecal Parameters of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #1211 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Influence of Mannan Oligosaccharides and Beta Glucan Supplementation on Growth Performance, Blood Constituents, and Cecal Parameters of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Growth promoters in poultry feed have been under severe attention since antibiotics were banned for use in animal diets by the European Union. Thus, it has been important for poultry researchers to find alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) to boost the health and production performance of poultry. This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding ALTIMOS® (cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae; mannan oligosaccharides MOS + beta-glucan BG) to broiler diets on productive performance, blood parameters, intestine histopathology, and cecum microbiota of broiler chicken. A total of 252 one-day-old Ross chicks were randomly selected and divided into seven treatments, with six replicates of each treatment. The treatments were the control group (0% feed additives), and groups that received 0.05, 0.125, 0.250, 0.500, 1.0, and 2.0 g MOS+BG /kg basal diet for 35 days feeding trial. The results showed that during most trial periods, the group fed the basal diet supplemented with 1.0 g MOS+BG/kg had the highest body weight and weight gain, as well as the lowest feed consumption and best feed conversion ratio, compared to other treated groups. Moreover, this group had the best productive performance in the accumulative period. The inclusion of MOS+BG at 1.0 g/kg diet showed no significant effect on carcass percent compared to the control group. In addition, the inclusion of MOS+BG at 1.0 g/kg diet resulted in the lowest count of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus in the cecum, the highest Lactobacillus bacteria count among all experimental treatments, and a higher yeast count compared to the control group. The group fed 1.0 g MOS+BG/kg ration had the lowest blood cholesterol, whereas there were no significant differences among all experimental groups in the measured liver functions. Notably, the Hemoglobin percentage in the group fed MOS+BG at 1.0 g/kg feed was the highest. In the group fed 1.0 and 2.0 g MOS+BG/kg, the intestinal villi length was longer, and the histopathology revealed mild alteration. Overall, the supplementation of 1.0 g MOS+BG/kg diet improved growth performance, blood constituents, and cecum’s beneficial bacteria counts of broilers. © The Author(s) 2024. All Rights Reserved.
The Influence of Mannan Oligosaccharides and Beta Glucan Supplementation on Growth Performance, Blood Constituents, and Cecal Parameters of Broiler Chickens
Effects of Body Condition, Anatomical Measurement, and Age on the Cumulative Number of Individual Egg Production and Laying Pattern in First Laying Hens (Text)
Effects of Body Condition, Anatomical Measurement, and Age on the Cumulative Number of Individual Egg Production and Laying Pattern in First Laying Hens (Other)
HTML Summary of #1167 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Body Condition, Anatomical Measurement, and Age on the Cumulative Number of Individual Egg Production and Laying Pattern in First Laying Hens</epc:when>
The individual egg production capacity of laying hens plays an outstanding role in achieving total production within a flock, which is affected by several internal and external factors. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of body condition, anatomical measurement, and age at the first laying (AFL) on the cumulative number of individual egg production (CNIEP) and laying pattern. Therefore, 172 Isa Brown laying chickens were investigated. Data on body condition and anatomical measurement were collected at the age of 16 weeks, while data on production was collected during 21 weeks of production (18-39 weeks). The obtained data were analyzed by Partial Least Square- Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using smartPLS. The findings revealed that CNIEP could be predicted by body condition, anatomical measurement, and AFL. Compared to body condition and anatomical measurements, AFL was the most prominent factor in CNIEP. Body condition, anatomical measurement, AFL, and CNIEP had weak effects on the Isa Brown laying chickens’ patterns. © The Author(s) 2024
Effects of Body Condition, Anatomical Measurement, and Age on the Cumulative Number of Individual Egg Production and Laying Pattern in First Laying Hens
Anatomical and Histological Study of the Female Reproductive System of Green Freshwater Turtle (Chelonia mydas) During Breeding Season in Iraq (Text)
Anatomical and Histological Study of the Female Reproductive System of Green Freshwater Turtle (Chelonia mydas) During Breeding Season in Iraq (Other)
HTML Summary of #1224 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Anatomical and Histological Study of the Female Reproductive System of Green Freshwater Turtle (Chelonia mydas) During Breeding Season in Iraq</epc:when>
Turtles are found in large numbers in Iraqi rivers, due to the availability of a suitable environment for reproduction and food. The breeding season begins from May to the end of October. The current study aimed to evaluate the anatomical and histological characteristics of the green freshwater turtle (Chelonia mydas) during the breeding season in Iraq. The samples included eight adult turtles within the age range of 11-14 years that were collected from Shatt Al-Hilla (Iraq) at month June. To investigate the reproductive system histological techniques and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used and before that the animals were anesthetized with chloroform. The results indicated two active ovaries and oviducts which fill the whole abdominal cavity. The mean weights of left and right ovaries and left and right oviducts in the turtles with average weights of 698 ± 0.05 g were 19.5 ± 0.01 g, 22 ± 0.022 g, 3.3 ± 0.05 g, and 4 ± 0.05 g respectively. The mean lengths of carapace, left ovary, right ovary, left oviduct, and right oviduct were 24 ± 0.08 cm, 15.9 ± 0.01 cm, 17± 0.04 cm, 13 ± 0.022 cm, 14 ± 0.056 cm. Anatomically the oviducts include the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, and vagina. The infundibulum indicated a funnel-shaped membrane while the magnum was the muscular coiled long tube. The isthmus was shorter and less coiled than the magnum, the uterus appeared as the widest, thickest, and less coiled dark tube and swollen into the posterior to form a cyst-like part, and the vagina was muscular in structure. Histologically, the magnum and uterus were formed from mucosa, muscularis, and serosa. In both parts of the magnum and uterus, were branched crypt-like depressions that appeared devoid of sperm. The widespread distribution of this species in Iraqi rivers could be due to the activity of the ovaries and oviducts during the breeding season, which extends for 6 months. © The Author(s) 2024. All Rights Reserved.
Anatomical and Histological Study of the Female Reproductive System of Green Freshwater Turtle (Chelonia mydas) During Breeding Season in Iraq
Pig Slaughter Operators’ Perception of Stunning Benefits: A Comparative Analysis of Electrical and Captive Bolt Effectiveness (Text)
Pig Slaughter Operators’ Perception of Stunning Benefits: A Comparative Analysis of Electrical and Captive Bolt Effectiveness (Other)
HTML Summary of #1220 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Pig Slaughter Operators’ Perception of Stunning Benefits: A Comparative Analysis of Electrical and Captive Bolt Effectiveness</epc:when>
The pre-slaughter phase, which includes stunning, aims to reduce animal stress, ensuring a more compassionate and efficient process in the meat industry. Various methods are often used in slaughtering pigs, with electrical, mechanical, and chemical stunning being the most common techniques. Several studies have shown that selecting the appropriate method requires operators to comprehensively understand the slaughter process. Therefore, this study focused on evaluating the comprehension of pig slaughter operators regarding the benefits and effectiveness of electrical and captive bolt stunning methods. A total of 17 pigs slaughtered from seven slaughterhouses were selected as samples. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires, interviews, and direct observation. The results showed that operators clearly understood the benefits of stunning in terms of speed and ease. However, their comprehension regarding pig stress reduction before death remained limited. Although captive bolt stunning was known to have various benefits, such as shortening the duration of leg movements after slaughter, it required longer operation time, compared to the electrical method. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no ideal stunning method as both methods of electrical and captive bolt stunning have their respective advantages and disadvantages. © The Author(s) 2024. All Rights Reserved.
Pig Slaughter Operators’ Perception of Stunning Benefits: A Comparative Analysis of Electrical and Captive Bolt Effectiveness
Effects of Palm (Elaeis Guineensis) Oil on Performance, Thermotolerance, and Welfare of Broiler Chickens in Heat Stress Condition (Text)
Effects of Palm (Elaeis Guineensis) Oil on Performance, Thermotolerance, and Welfare of Broiler Chickens in Heat Stress Condition (Other)
HTML Summary of #1165 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Palm (Elaeis Guineensis) Oil on Performance, Thermotolerance, and Welfare of Broiler Chickens in Heat Stress Condition</epc:when>
Heat stress negatively affects the broiler chickens’ productivity and well-being. This study was carried out to assess the effect of dietary palm oil inclusion on the growth performance, thermotolerance, biochemical parameters, and welfare of broiler chickens raised in tropical climates. A total of 500 broiler chickens aged 15 days were divided into four treatments, each consisting of five replicates with 25 chickens per replicate in a randomized design. The control group was fed a standard diet without palm oil (T), and the remaining diets contained palm oil at the inclusion levels of 1 (P1), 2 (P2), and 3 (P3). During the 4 weeks of experimentation, daily temperature and relative humidity in the poultry house were measured by thermo-hygrometers, and growth performance was weekly recorded. At 45 days old, six broiler chickens were slaughtered with measurements taken for carcass compositions and intestinal length. At 42 days of age, blood samples were collected for the Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) hormones, biochemical profiles, and Heterophil: lymphocyte (H/L) ratio assessment at the Regional Center of Excellence on Avian Sciences. Gait abnormality and litter quality were assessed at 38 days of age. The results indicated that the incorporation of 1 palm oil improved the growth performance of chickens compared to other groups. Similarly, the concentrations of T4 and T3 were higher in the 1 palm oil group. Triglycerides and total protein concentrations were higher in the broiler chickens of the control group, compared to other treatment groups. The dropping weight and gait score decreased with the increasing rate of palm oil. The results suggest that palm oil can be a beneficial dietary supplement for broiler chickens, particularly under heat-stress conditions. The incorporation of 1 palm oil contributes to the improvement of growth performance and the well-being of broiler chickens in tropical climates. However, it is crucial to consider the appropriate level of palm oil inclusion, as higher levels may have adverse effects, such as increased mortality. © The Author(s) 2024
Effects of Palm (Elaeis Guineensis) Oil on Performance, Thermotolerance, and Welfare of Broiler Chickens in Heat Stress Condition
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Isolated from Goats in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam (Text)
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Isolated from Goats in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam (Other)
HTML Summary of #1214 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Isolated from Goats in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam</epc:when>
Escherichia coli is one of the severe pathogens causing severe diarrhea and resistance to antibiotics in domestic animals, including goats. From April to June 2023, 122 fresh feces of hybrid Boer goats of different ages and genders were collected randomly in the small-scale farms in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, to clarify the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of E. coli isolated from those feces. By the traditional culture method, of 122 samples, 87 fecal samples were positive for E. coli (71.31). There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of E. coli among male or female goats and ages (< 6 months and > 6 months). E. coli was detected in goats over 6 months and under 6 months at 76.56 and 65.52, respectively, while 88.20 and 85.42 in male and female goats. The antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli strains to 7 examined antibiotics was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The results indicated that E. coli was sensitive 100 to colistin (10 µg), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (20/10 µg), cefuroxime (30 µg), doxycycline (30 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), and 87.50 to ampicillin (10 µg) and bactrim (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 1.25/23.75 µg), respectively. However, those E. coli strains were highly resistant to streptomycin (93.75), and 93.67 of E. coli strains were resistant to one to three antibiotics. Among them, the resistant pattern of Ge+Sm (gentamycin + streptomycin) was the most frequent detection (43.75). The prevalence rate of antibiotic resistance genes (blaampC, tetA, qnrA, strA, and sulII) in E. coli strains isolated from goat feces was detected by PCR. Among them, gene blaampC was the most predominant (96.88), followed by qnrA (68.75). Furthermore, 81.25 of E. coli strains harbored two to five antibioticresistance genes, and the gene pattern of blaampC + tetA + qnrA was the most popular (21.88 ). The antibiotic resistance and harbored antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli strains isolated from goat feces increase animal and public health concerns. © The Author(s) 2024. All Rights Reserved.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Isolated from Goats in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
EFFECTIVENESS OF COCONUT MEAT WASTE IN FEED INTAKE, DIGESTION AND PROTEIN RETENTION IN GOATS (Text)
EFFECTIVENESS OF COCONUT MEAT WASTE IN FEED INTAKE, DIGESTION AND PROTEIN RETENTION IN GOATS (Other)
HTML Summary of #1108 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECTIVENESS OF COCONUT MEAT WASTE IN FEED INTAKE, DIGESTION AND PROTEIN RETENTION IN GOATS</epc:when>
The objective of the experiment was to determine the proportion of coconut meat waste on feed consumption, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention of goats. The experiment was conducted using a Latin square design on 4 male Bach Thao goat (16.2±2.93 kg). Treatments were 4 levels of coconut meat waste (CMW) at 0, 5, 10 and 15 in basal diet of rice distillers’ by-product, cabbage waste, Operculina turpethum vines, urea and premix. Results indicated that dry matter intake per body weight tended to increase from CMW0 to CMW5 treatment but it was gradually reduced from CMW5 to CMW10 and CMW5 treatments (3.34; 3.50; 3.46 and 3.28, respectively). The ME consumption was higher at supplemented treatments coconut meat waste compared to CMW0 treatment. The nutrient digestibility () was gradually increased from CMW0 to CMW15 treatment. Similarly, digestive nutrients tended to increase with increasing coconut meat waste in the diet. The nitrogen retention was numerically lower for the CMW5, CMW10 and CMW15 treatments compared to CMW0, while daily weight gain was not different among treatments. In conclusion, 10 coconut meat waste could be used as an additional source of dietary regimen in goats, without negative effects on animal fattening performance. © The Author(s) 2024
EFFECTIVENESS OF COCONUT MEAT WASTE IN FEED INTAKE, DIGESTION AND PROTEIN RETENTION IN GOATS
Effects of Different Methods of Ovulation Induction on Sex Hormones in Serum, and Meat of Rabbit Does (Text)
Effects of Different Methods of Ovulation Induction on Sex Hormones in Serum, and Meat of Rabbit Does (Other)
HTML Summary of #1212 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Different Methods of Ovulation Induction on Sex Hormones in Serum, and Meat of Rabbit Does</epc:when>
High indicators of reproductive function in rabbits can be achieved using hormonal inducers of ovulation, in particular analogs of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, serum, and chorionic gonadotropins. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of sex hormones in the blood serum and meat of rabbit does during ovulation stimulation over 5 consecutive pregnancies. For this purpose, 60 Hyla rabbit does were randomly divided into five groups of 12, ensuring four animals per group with three replicates. Animals of the first and second experimental groups, animals received intramuscular injections of serum gonadotropin, 40 IU and 25 IU respectively, three days prior to artificial insemination. Females of the third and fourth groups were administered combined doses of serum and chorionic gonadotropins (40 IU and 24 IU, respectively) during the same period. Rabbits of the control group were stimulated to ovulate by subcutaneous injection of 0.2 ml analog of gonadotropinreleasing hormone after artificial insemination. Long-term administration of gonadotropins revealed dose-dependent effects. Hyperprogesteronemia was detected in rabbit does (40 IU), while hyperandrogenia was noted in females (24 IU) during the combined administration of gonadotropins. The use of serum gonadotropin at a dose of 25 IU contributed to an increase in the level of follicle-stimulating, luteinizing hormone and progesterone while decreasing 17β-estradiol. A high dose (40 IU) in rabbit does did not cause significant fluctuations of hormones in blood serum, but decreased luteinizing hormone and progesterone. Long-term use of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog was accompanied by a pronounced decrease in the level of luteinizing hormone, as well as 17β-estradiol. However, the meat of all experimental animals did not increase the content of steroid hormones (testosterone and 17β-estradiol). It can be concluded that ovulation stimulation in rabbit does using a serum gonadotropin dose of 25 IU and the recommended dose of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog does not negatively impact the hormonal balance. © The Author(s) 2024. All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Different Methods of Ovulation Induction on Sex Hormones in Serum, and Meat of Rabbit Does
PCR-BASED STUDY ON VIRAL PATHOGENS CIRCULATION AMONG CERVIDS IN THE MOSCOW REGION (Text)
PCR-BASED STUDY ON VIRAL PATHOGENS CIRCULATION AMONG CERVIDS IN THE MOSCOW REGION (Other)
HTML Summary of #1130 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PCR-BASED STUDY ON VIRAL PATHOGENS CIRCULATION AMONG CERVIDS IN THE MOSCOW REGION</epc:when>
A molecular survey of selected viruses in free-ranging cervids was conducted in 15 different districts of Moscow region. Samples were collected from 178 game animals including 144 moose (Alces alces), 19 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and 15 deer without species information. Nasal swabs and tissue samples including parts of the nasal septum, upper tracheal rings, lung, heart, liver, kidneys and pooled organ samples were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Samples were studied for pestiviruses, herpesviruses, coronaviruses, group A rotaviruses, adenoviruses, hepatitis e and parainfluenza type 3 virus. None of the samples were positive for Bovine Coronavirus and SARS-COV-2, hepatitis E virus and parainfluenza type 3 virus. PCR results were positive for bovine herpesviruses (5.05), pestiviruses (0.56), rotaviruses (1.68). DNA of a new adenovirus, presumably causing a mild course of animal respiratory disease, was detected in samples of 6 animals (3.37). In conclusion, the conducted studies have shown that game animals of the Moscow region can be a natural reservoir of cattle viruses, and this must be taken into account when planning and organizing measures for the control and eradication of such notifiable diseases as bovine viral diarrhoea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. Monitoring studies and general disease surveillance of wild animal populations provide additional information on the epidemiology of infectious diseases in the region and allow timely measures to be taken to protect wild animals, domestic animals and the public. © (2024) Scienceline Publication.
PCR-BASED STUDY ON VIRAL PATHOGENS CIRCULATION AMONG CERVIDS IN THE MOSCOW REGION
The Behavior of Axially Compression Loaded Barrette and Bored Piles with Model Tests (Text)
The Behavior of Axially Compression Loaded Barrette and Bored Piles with Model Tests (Other)
HTML Summary of #1301 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Behavior of Axially Compression Loaded Barrette and Bored Piles with Model Tests</epc:when>
Deep foundations could be preferred instead of shallow foundations in the event that the loads coming from the structure are excessive and the soil state is inconvenient. Rectangular shaped barrette piles are the one of them. In this study, firstly a series of laboratory tests have been conducted using three different sizes of barrette and bored piles placed in the sand soil. Then, finite element based three-dimensional back analyses have been performed using the data obtained from these tests. Afterwards; a series of parametric analyses were performed with different pile geometries, including real pile dimension used in current geotechnical applications. As seen that bored piles are exposed to displacement approximately 2 times more than barrette piles under the same force at all pile lengths. When the pile lengths used in real geotechnical applications are also investigated, it has been determined that bored piles have displacements between 1.5 and 2.3 times more than barrette piles. Numerical results with the piles of small cross-section area show that barrette piles have more bearing capacity compared with bored piles. As the pile length increases, barrette piles could be more loads from 2% up to 17%. When the piles in real geotechnical dimensions are examined, barrette piles have revealed more bearing capacity performance from 7% to 49% when compared to bored piles as the pile length increases. It also has been revealed that barrette piles show better performance than bored piles both in experimental and numerical analyses.
The Behavior of Axially Compression Loaded Barrette and Bored Piles with Model Tests
Molecular Detection of Entamoeba spp. in Monkeys (Macaca spp.) in Babylon Province, Iraq (Text)
Molecular Detection of Entamoeba spp. in Monkeys (Macaca spp.) in Babylon Province, Iraq (Other)
HTML Summary of #1225 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Molecular Detection of Entamoeba spp. in Monkeys (Macaca spp.) in Babylon Province, Iraq</epc:when>
Amoebiasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica), affecting various hosts, such as humans, birds, and pigs. This study aimed to investigate Entamoeba spp. in monkeys (Macaca spp.) diagnose them using molecular methods. A total of 33 fecal samples were collected from monkeys (Macaca spp.) aged 3-5 years in Babylon province to investigate a common and zoonotic parasitic disease. Initially, microscopic examination was conducted on all samples, and those yielding positive results were preserved for molecular study. The DNA was extracted, and conventional PCR was carried out with a pair of primers to detect the 857 bp fragment of E. histolytica SSU rRNA gene. PCR results for 19 fecal samples, previously identified as positive by the direct smear method, from monkeys in the reserves of Babylon province indicated that the presence of the SSUrRNA gene with an 857 bp was 45 in only 15 samples. Sequencing of the SSUrRNA gene revealed 98-100 similarity with E.histolytica sequences deposited in International GenBank, which have the sequence numbers OP522013, OP522014, OP522015, OP522016, OP522017, Op626161, Op626162, Op626163, Op626164, and Op626165. © The Author(s) 2024. All Rights Reserved.
Molecular Detection of Entamoeba spp. in Monkeys (Macaca spp.) in Babylon Province, Iraq
Constraints to the Development of Turkey Farming in Southern Benin (Text)
Constraints to the Development of Turkey Farming in Southern Benin (Other)
HTML Summary of #1218 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Constraints to the Development of Turkey Farming in Southern Benin</epc:when>
The turkeys are reared throughout the national territory of Benin, but their breeding is less developed than other poultry species, such as chickens and ducks. The current study aimed to characterize turkey farming in Southern Benin to identify the constraints associated with the farming practice that limit its development. A survey was performed in 104 turkey farms in the Atlantic, Ouémé, and Zou departments. The frequencies of qualitative variables and average quantitative variables were calculated and compared across departments. The investigated variables included turkey housing, feeding practices, reproduction management, health management, difficulties encountered, marketing of animals, and farm products. It was found that the housing, feeding, health monitoring, and constraints varied from one department to another. The turkeys were raised in fence-run buildings in the Ouémé (76.7), modern poultry houses in the Atlantic (75), and traditional habitats (42.9) with a free range in the Zou. The free range prevented farmers from separating the turkeys from other poultry species. The poultry species present with turkeys on studied farms were chickens, ducks, and guinea fowl. The turkeys were fed more with commercial feed in the Atlantic (100) and Ouémé (92.7) regions and with cereals and agricultural by-products in Zou (82.1). The prophylaxis consisted of deworming the birds, vaccinating them against Newcastle disease, controlling bacterial infections with antibiotics, and giving them vitamins in drinking water. The farmers vaccinated more turkeys in Zou than in Atlantic and Ouémé. The vaccination and administration of antibiotics do not prevent the introduction of disease into farms due to poor farm biosecurity, resulting in animal deaths. In conclusion, this study identified the obstacles that limit the development of turkey farming by region in Southern Benin. These barriers are primarily related to housing, feeding, mating, and marketing. Scientific research could potentially solve some of these issues, notably those concerning feeding and mating success. However, housing and marketing concerns would necessitate support from the authorities. © The Author(s) 2024. All Rights Reserved.
Constraints to the Development of Turkey Farming in Southern Benin
Comparative Analysis of Lateral Flow Assay with Indirect ELISA for Detection of Anti-NSP Antibodies of Foot and Mouth Disease (Text)
Comparative Analysis of Lateral Flow Assay with Indirect ELISA for Detection of Anti-NSP Antibodies of Foot and Mouth Disease (Other)
HTML Summary of #1216 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Comparative Analysis of Lateral Flow Assay with Indirect ELISA for Detection of Anti-NSP Antibodies of Foot and Mouth Disease</epc:when>
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) was an exceedingly infectious disease that spread to Indonesia in May 2022. A reliable diagnostic serologic test that can distinguish between infected and vaccinated animals was an important part of FMD (serotype O) control programs in affected areas in Indonesia. For this reason, a non-structural protein (NSP) serological test based on 3ABC proteins has been used. The indirect ELISA serological test requires time, skill, and specialized equipment. An alternative method that can be employed is the lateral flow assay (LFA), which offers the advantages of simplicity and portability, enabling rapid acquisition of results. The objective of this study was to validate the efficacy of a user-friendly anti-NSP antibody LFA for rapid diagnostic purposes. This was done by assessing its sensitivity and specificity in stored samples that had previously been tested using indirect ELISA. There were 32 preserved biological materials from dairy and beef cattle in three provinces in Indonesia that were examined with developed LFA. The results of each sample on LFA were compared to the ELISA result for its sensitivity and specificity according to positive and negative values on both tests. The test had a sensitivity of 95.2 and a specificity of 100, compared to the indirect ELISA. The measured kappa value is also very good at 0.93, so LFA can be optionally used when examining anti-NSP FMD antibodies. Therefore, the LFA anti-NSP for detecting FMD is considered reliable because of its simplicity and the accuracy of the test results. © The Author(s) 2024. All Rights Reserved.
Comparative Analysis of Lateral Flow Assay with Indirect ELISA for Detection of Anti-NSP Antibodies of Foot and Mouth Disease
Production Performance and Profitability of Small-scale Commercial Poultry Farms in Arsi and East-Showa Zones, Central Ethiopia (Text)
Production Performance and Profitability of Small-scale Commercial Poultry Farms in Arsi and East-Showa Zones, Central Ethiopia (Other)
HTML Summary of #1170 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Production Performance and Profitability of Small-scale Commercial Poultry Farms in Arsi and East-Showa Zones, Central Ethiopia</epc:when>
Poultry farming and the demand for chicken meat and eggs are growing due to their quality protein, essential nutrients, affordable price, and low investment cost. The current study was designed to investigate the productivity and profitability of small-scale commercial poultry enterprises. Data were collected from 221 poultry farms using a semi-structured questionnaire. The results were presented using descriptive statistics. Farm performances were measured by total-factor-productivity (TFP), benefit-cost-ratio (BCR), and net-profit-margin (NPM). The majority of the poultry farm owners were male (69.68) and married (77.4). Around 55.2 of poultry farmers aged 31-45 years. Group-owned farms had 4.59 ± 1.77 individual members. On average, a batch of layer chickens was kept for 17.0 ± 3.87 and 18.12 ± 4.25 months on individual and group-owned farms, respectively. Moreover, the mean selling ages of pullet and broiler chickens were 2.55 ± 0.71 and 2.18 ± 0.51 months, respectively. The flock size of layer chickens in sole-proprietor farms (562 ± 724) was significantly lower than in partnership farms (1165 ± 877). The average numbers of produced pullets by sole-proprietorship and partnership farms were 3177 ± 2360 and 3137 ± 1826, while the mean numbers of broilers produced were 2257 ± 1875 and 3269 ± 1669, respectively. The average egg and broiler weights in sole-proprietorship farms were significantly higher compared to group-owned farms. Annual egg production rates in individual and group-owned farms were 76.5 and 70.4, respectively. The cost of feed, chicken, housing, labor, and medication were the top five production expenditures, while feed cost shares 60.4. Egg producers had NPM, BCR, and TFP indices of 38.99, 1.03, and 2.03, respectively, with notable differences by ownership types. The NPM, BCR, and TFP indices for broiler and pullet farms, respectively, were 42.78, 0.93, and 1.93 for broilers and 35.21, 0.92, and 1.67 for pullets. The results indicated that poultry firms performed optimally, regardless of ownership type. To further improve the efficiency and profitability of poultry enterprises, farmers need technical, finance, and management skills and input supply chains. © The Author(s) 2024
Production Performance and Profitability of Small-scale Commercial Poultry Farms in Arsi and East-Showa Zones, Central Ethiopia
EFFECTS OF DIETARY SUBSTITUTION OF SOYBEAN MEAL BY DRIED AZOLLA ON BLOOD AND SERUM PARAMETERS, PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS, AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF RABBIT DOES AS WELL AS SEMEN QUALITY OF BUCKS (Text)
EFFECTS OF DIETARY SUBSTITUTION OF SOYBEAN MEAL BY DRIED AZOLLA ON BLOOD AND SERUM PARAMETERS, PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS, AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF RABBIT DOES AS WELL AS SEMEN QUALITY OF BUCKS (Other)
HTML Summary of #1134 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECTS OF DIETARY SUBSTITUTION OF SOYBEAN MEAL BY DRIED AZOLLA ON BLOOD AND SERUM PARAMETERS, PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS, AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF RABBIT DOES AS WELL AS SEMEN QUALITY OF BUCKS</epc:when>
An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary substitution of soybean meal in different ratios by dried Azolla (Azolla pinnata) on productive and reproductive performances, hematological and serum traits, and economic efficiency of rabbit does as well as semen quality of males. Forty mature does and eight males of Black Balady rabbits aged seven and eight months were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary groups: 0 (control), 20, 30, and 40 of soybean protein substituted with dried Azolla protein. Data were analyzed using repeated measures of statistical software computer program package. There were no significant differences among groups in number of services per conception as well as parturition intervals (days) with a superiority of 30 group over the control and other two groups. Average litter weight was significantly (P<0.05) superior in the 30 replacement group. There were no significant differences in live body weight either at birth or at weaning among the four tested groups and the 30 replacement groups recorded the highest significant daily weight gain of bunnies during the whole experimental period. All Azolla groups recorded better results in the studied traits of bucks' semen compared to the control. Azolla diets did not show any adverse effects on the studied blood parameters. The 30 replacement of the soybean protein group showed the best economic return compared to the other two replacement groups and the control. In conclusion, Azolla can safely and economically replace soybean protein at the rate of 30 in adult female rabbits' diets. © Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
EFFECTS OF DIETARY SUBSTITUTION OF SOYBEAN MEAL BY DRIED AZOLLA ON BLOOD AND SERUM PARAMETERS, PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS, AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF RABBIT DOES AS WELL AS SEMEN QUALITY OF BUCKS
USING TANNERY WASTES IN POULTRY FEED: A MATTER OF CONCERN FOR SAFE POULTRY PRODUCTION IN BANGLADESH (Text)
USING TANNERY WASTES IN POULTRY FEED: A MATTER OF CONCERN FOR SAFE POULTRY PRODUCTION IN BANGLADESH (Other)
HTML Summary of #1135 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">USING TANNERY WASTES IN POULTRY FEED: A MATTER OF CONCERN FOR SAFE POULTRY PRODUCTION IN BANGLADESH</epc:when>
Nowadays tannery waste is a matter of concern because if it used as livestock feed, it could cause health hazards to humans. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the generation rates, utilization, disposal method of tannery solid wastes (TSWs), and inclusion level of it into the poultry feed. Moreover, this study determined the physical and chemical parameters of interest including moisture content, crude protein (CP) levels, and the presence of heavy metals such as chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) in the poultry feeds that were sold in the studied area. For these purposes, a field survey was conducted with twenty tannery industries. Broiler feed samples were procured from multiple farmers situated in the Savar area of Dhaka. The feed source was classified into two categories, namely registered and unregistered feed mills. According to the study, wet blue trimmings was generated in 3.84 that was used as an ingredient of poultry feed. In addition, 55 of tanneries landfilled their waste, while 30 of them sold it for poultry feed. The utilization of TSWs in poultry feed production in this country was limited to a maximum of 1.314 of the total annual production. Besides, the CP was determined in the range of 24.24 - 13.32 and 18.15 - 11.01 for broiler starters and growers, respectively, where lower CP content was found only in unregistered feed mills. Trace amounts of Cr and Pb were identified in each of the feed samples at very low concentrations. In conclusion, it can be stated that the percentage of tannery solid wastes mixed poultry feed was generated in negligible amounts and the registered companies’ feed was found normal in all aspects of the quality tested in the study. © The Author(s) 2024
USING TANNERY WASTES IN POULTRY FEED: A MATTER OF CONCERN FOR SAFE POULTRY PRODUCTION IN BANGLADESH
GENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Escherichia coli ISOLATED FROM INFECTED CHICKEN IN BASRAH, IRAQ (Text)
GENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Escherichia coli ISOLATED FROM INFECTED CHICKEN IN BASRAH, IRAQ (Other)
HTML Summary of #1136 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">GENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Escherichia coli ISOLATED FROM INFECTED CHICKEN IN BASRAH, IRAQ</epc:when>
This study aimed to detect the presence of Escherichia coli in broiler and layer hens in the Basrah province, Iraq using macroscopic and microscopic diagnosis and bacterial isolation that causes infection in some internal organs (liver and heart), and by polymerase chain reaction. Randomly chosen samples were taken from different places within Basrah province for further investigation (poultry fields in Al-Qurnah and AlHartha). The bacteriological analysis revealed that the presence of Escherichia coli is responsible for causing fibrinous pericarditis and perihepatitis in birds. The macroscopic examination revealed hemorrhagic lesions and a significant buildup consisting of a white fibrous accumulation in the pericardial sac of the infected birds' hearts. The livers of infected birds exhibited significant deposition of white fibrous exudate on the liver surface, along with hepatomegaly. The afflicted heart displays a microscopic appearance marked by a notable aggregation of inflammatory cells in the pericardial sac and the release of fibrinous exudate. Additionally, there is an accumulation of edematous exudate in the cardiac muscle fibers, accompanied with congestion of blood vessels in the myocardium. The microscopic examination of the infected liver revealed the existence of a significant infiltration of inflammatory cells in the liver capsule, as well as the presence of a thick fibrinous exudate encapsulated on the liver surface and congestion of the central vein. The histological analysis of the affected heart and liver revealed a significant buildup of collagen and fibrin fibers, which exhibit a prominent dark bluish staining. This buildup is widely distinguished in the pericardial and hepatic capsules. The study indicated that fibrinous pericarditis and perihepatitis affected birds, as indicated by the examination of bacterial results. Escherichia coli emits endotoxins that induce vascular damage in the heart and liver, resulting in an elevated presence of fibrin exudate around the affected tissue. The histological analysis supported this conclusion. © Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
GENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Escherichia coli ISOLATED FROM INFECTED CHICKEN IN BASRAH, IRAQ
EFFECTS OF PROBIOTIC Enterococcus faecium AND RAW, SPROUTED AND FERMENTED PEARL MILLET BASED DIETS ON PERFORMANCES, CARCASS TRAITS, HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKENS (Text)
EFFECTS OF PROBIOTIC Enterococcus faecium AND RAW, SPROUTED AND FERMENTED PEARL MILLET BASED DIETS ON PERFORMANCES, CARCASS TRAITS, HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKENS (Other)
HTML Summary of #1138 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECTS OF PROBIOTIC Enterococcus faecium AND RAW, SPROUTED AND FERMENTED PEARL MILLET BASED DIETS ON PERFORMANCES, CARCASS TRAITS, HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKENS</epc:when>
Probiotics, recognized as a safe substitute for antibiotics in the animal industry, have been acknowledged for their growth-enhancing properties. This study assessed the impact of Enterococcus faecium strain NCIMB 11181 and diets incorporating Raw, Sprouted, and Fermented pearl millet on the performance, carcass traits, organ weights, and blood parameters of broiler chickens. In a randomized design, 120 one-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chickens were assigned to five groups: 1) No supplement, negative control (N-con); 2) Control + antibiotics, positive control (P-con); 3) Raw pearl millet + probiotics in drinking water (RPM + PRO); 4) Sprouted pearl millet + probiotics in drinking water (SPM+PRO); 5) Fermented pearl millet + probiotics in drinking water (FPM + PRO). Probiotic supplementation did not significantly impact body weight gain (BWG) but influenced feed intake (FI) (P<0.05). FPM+PRO increased feed conversion ratio (FCR), thigh yield, and drumstick yield. Thymus weight is reduced in the RPM+PRO and SPM+PRO groups compared to the control groups. Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels decreased (P<0.01) in the P-con and FPM+PRO groups. No treatment effect (P>0.05) was observed on hematological indices. Overall, pearl millet diets supplemented with probiotics demonstrated no adverse effects on the health status of broiler chickens, suggesting their potential as viable alternatives to antibiotics. © The Author(s) 2024
EFFECTS OF PROBIOTIC Enterococcus faecium AND RAW, SPROUTED AND FERMENTED PEARL MILLET BASED DIETS ON PERFORMANCES, CARCASS TRAITS, HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKENS
PROCESSING OF SLAUGHTERHOUSE BLOOD FOR ANTIANEMIC FOOD PRODUCTS (Text)
PROCESSING OF SLAUGHTERHOUSE BLOOD FOR ANTIANEMIC FOOD PRODUCTS (Other)
HTML Summary of #1113 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PROCESSING OF SLAUGHTERHOUSE BLOOD FOR ANTIANEMIC FOOD PRODUCTS</epc:when>
Currently, rational processing of blood from slaughterhouses remains as a waste fluid in many regions. Traditional approaches to use the blood for food are significantly limited because of specific and non-favorable organoleptic characteristics. Present study provides a comparison of various methods for modifying the red blood cell (RBC) mass of animals and a more in-depth study of acid hemolysis. The solution of ascorbic acid has been proposed as a hemolyzing agent. There has been established experimentally that the addition of equal volumes of RBC and a solution of an ascorbic acid with a concentration of 0.75 mol/dm3 can effectively destroy the stroma more up 90 of red blood cells within 15 minutes. By this, the hemoglobin oxidation degree to methemoglobin is about 50, which forms the desired color of the resulting hydrolysate. The dry semi-finished product has a neutral odor and brown color with high functional and technological properties. It also contains 0.9 organic iron with good biological value. Thus, the study shows that blood products can effectively use in various foods such as meat products, and also as a dietary supplement for various proposes. Consumption of these products has potent positive effect on hemoglobin levels and it is recommending for people with iron deficiency anemia. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
PROCESSING OF SLAUGHTERHOUSE BLOOD FOR ANTIANEMIC FOOD PRODUCTS
TEXTURE PROFILE, WATER HOLDING CAPACITY, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND LIPID OXIDATION OF BEEF DURING RETAIL DISPLAY FROM CATTLE FED TOTAL MIXED RATION SUPPLEMENTED WITH Capsicum frutescens L. AND Curcuma longa L. POWDERS (Text)
TEXTURE PROFILE, WATER HOLDING CAPACITY, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND LIPID OXIDATION OF BEEF DURING RETAIL DISPLAY FROM CATTLE FED TOTAL MIXED RATION SUPPLEMENTED WITH Capsicum frutescens L. AND Curcuma longa L. POWDERS (Other)
HTML Summary of #1137 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">TEXTURE PROFILE, WATER HOLDING CAPACITY, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND LIPID OXIDATION OF BEEF DURING RETAIL DISPLAY FROM CATTLE FED TOTAL MIXED RATION SUPPLEMENTED WITH Capsicum frutescens L. AND Curcuma longa L. POWDERS</epc:when>
This study aimed to elucidate the effects of supplementation of Capsicum frutescens L. or chili pepper (ChP) and Curcuma longa L. or turmeric (T) powders combination in total mixed ration (TMR) on texture profile, water holding capacity (WHC) and oxidative stability of beef during days 0, 5 and 10 of retail display. The experiment was carried out on 16 crossbred bulls (Brahman and Charolais) of about 2 years in age. The bulls were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatment groups as follows: 1) TMR as control, 2) TMR + 1ChP powder, 3) TMR + 1T powder, and 4) TMR supplemented with a mixed powder of 1ChP + 1T, over a 6 months feeding period. The results revealed that the hardness and gumminess of control beef were higher than other groups, and the cohesiveness of beef from cattle fed a mixed powder of 1ChP + 1T was lower than other groups (P<0.05). Regarding WHC, the results showed that, on days 0 and 5 of storage, the control group meat had higher cooking losses than either the 1T or a mixture of 1ChP + 1T groups (P<0.05). Also, on 0 and 5 days of retail display, the 1ChP + 1T group showed the highest antioxidant activity when compared to other groups (P<0.05). As for the lipid oxidation in beef, on day 5 of storage MDA level in control beef was higher than the 1T or a mixture of 1ChP + 1T groups (P<0.05). It can be concluded that the combination of chili pepper and turmeric powder in TMR can improve texture, water holding capacity, and oxidative stability of beef during refrigerated storage. © The Author(s) 2024
TEXTURE PROFILE, WATER HOLDING CAPACITY, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND LIPID OXIDATION OF BEEF DURING RETAIL DISPLAY FROM CATTLE FED TOTAL MIXED RATION SUPPLEMENTED WITH Capsicum frutescens L. AND Curcuma longa L. POWDERS
PERFORMANCE, CARCASS WEIGHT, TOTAL INTESTINAL BACTERIA, AND FEED DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILERS FED CHICKEN FOOT-DERIVED BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES (Text)
PERFORMANCE, CARCASS WEIGHT, TOTAL INTESTINAL BACTERIA, AND FEED DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILERS FED CHICKEN FOOT-DERIVED BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES (Other)
HTML Summary of #1133 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PERFORMANCE, CARCASS WEIGHT, TOTAL INTESTINAL BACTERIA, AND FEED DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILERS FED CHICKEN FOOT-DERIVED BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES</epc:when>
The aim of this study was to evaluate the supplementation of chicken claw-derived bioactive peptides on performance, carcass weight, total intestinal bacteria, and feed dry matter (DMD) and organic matter (OMD) digestibility of broilers. A completely randomized design and five repetitions were applied in this experiment. The research material consisted of 200 DOC strain CP-707 grown up to 35 days of age, and the biopeptide was produced by hydrolyzing chicken claws protein with a commercial papain enzyme. Bioactive peptides were added to feed treatments in amounts of 0, 2, 4, and 6. The differences between treatments were tested using the honestly significant difference test. The addition of chicken claws biopeptides had a significant influence (P<0.01) on OMD and carcass weight, as well as a significant effect (P<0.05) on body weight gain, feed efficiency, DMD and total bacteria. Addition of chicken claws-derived peptides in rations up to 6 enhanced body weight gain, feed efficiency, carcass weight, DMD, OMD, and total intestinal bacteria in broiler chickens. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
PERFORMANCE, CARCASS WEIGHT, TOTAL INTESTINAL BACTERIA, AND FEED DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILERS FED CHICKEN FOOT-DERIVED BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES
EFFICIENCY OF VACUUM DRIED METHOD ON PHYSICAL, ORGANOLEPTIC AND VIABILITY PROPERTIES OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA SYNBIOTICS (Text)
EFFICIENCY OF VACUUM DRIED METHOD ON PHYSICAL, ORGANOLEPTIC AND VIABILITY PROPERTIES OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA SYNBIOTICS (Other)
HTML Summary of #1127 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFICIENCY OF VACUUM DRIED METHOD ON PHYSICAL, ORGANOLEPTIC AND VIABILITY PROPERTIES OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA SYNBIOTICS</epc:when>
Vacuum drying storage is a more efficient storage method for synbiotic feeds, compared to fresh storage. The current study aimed to examine the effect of vacuum drying on the physical, organoleptic, and microbiological qualities of synbiotics made from cabbage and Chinese cabbage greens. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with a 5x3 factorial pattern with two replications consisting of two factors, namely five levels of drying time (24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours) and three levels of storage time (4, 8 and 16 weeks). The variables observed were physical-organoleptic quality in water content, color, odor, and texture, and microbiological quality in the form of total lactic acid bacteria. The results showed no interaction between the two treatments in terms of vacuum drying method, drying time, and storage time. The recommended treatment is drying for 48 hours, as evidenced by the moisture content factor supporting the viability of the lactic acid bacteria and maintaining the sensory properties. This study suggests a more efficient storage method of synbiotics for food applications. © The Author(s) 2024. All Rights Reserved.
EFFICIENCY OF VACUUM DRIED METHOD ON PHYSICAL, ORGANOLEPTIC AND VIABILITY PROPERTIES OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA SYNBIOTICS
SOLID STATE FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTIC OF RICE STRAW USING HERBIVORE’S CECUM MICROBES (Text)
SOLID STATE FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTIC OF RICE STRAW USING HERBIVORE’S CECUM MICROBES (Other)
HTML Summary of #1128 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">SOLID STATE FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTIC OF RICE STRAW USING HERBIVORE’S CECUM MICROBES</epc:when>
This study was aimed at identifying highly capable lignolytic microbes from nature for use in Solid State Fermentation (SSF) of rice straw. The SSF silage was prepared in laboratory scale, as the following treatments: uninoculated (control), Lactobacillus plantarum FCC 123 (LP), fiber-degrading fungi (Aspergillus sp.) from horse cecum (FF), and fiber-degrading bacteria (Enterococcus casseliflavus) from buffalo cecum (FB). Incubation was carried out for a month at room temperature. The observed parameters were: organic acids, water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC), microorganism and nutrient composition. Rice straw SSF that was inoculated with LP showed the highest quality of fermentation, indicated by significant highest lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population, and has the lowest of poor bacteria indicators (coliform, aerobic bacteria, and bacilli). The LP treatment also has the highest LAB content and lowest WSC. Among treatments, FB treatment seems to have given a similar result with LP followed by FF. While the chemical composition seems unaffected by treatments. Compared with the fresh material, all fermentation with and without inoculants has reduced neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and increased acid detergent fiber (ADF), but there were no differences among all treatments. Inoculation of both LP and FB could improve rice straw SSF silage quality, but this system could not improve fiber degradation as well as in liquid state fermentation (LSF). © The Author(s) 2024
SOLID STATE FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTIC OF RICE STRAW USING HERBIVORE’S CECUM MICROBES
Ultrasonography Examination of the Kidney in Bali Cattle (Text)
Ultrasonography Examination of the Kidney in Bali Cattle (Other)
HTML Summary of #1194 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Ultrasonography Examination of the Kidney in Bali Cattle</epc:when>
Ultrasonography is an important technology for examining renal measurements, including length and width. The kidneys can be easily examined, and various structures in the kidneys are distinguishable with ultrasound. This research aimed to determine the normal ultrasonographic appearance of the kidneys in healthy adult Bali cattle, providing a reference for future descriptions of Bali cattle kidneys. In this research, 8 Bali cattle, aged 2–3 years with the healthy status of the urinary system were examined. The tool used was an animal ultrasound device, named Mindray DP10 Veterinary Ultrasound, with a 3–7.5 MHz convex transducer, utilizing a B-mode image mode. The transducer was placed in the right paralumbar fossae. The results indicated that the average horizontal length of the kidneys was 17.36 cm and the average vertical diameter of the kidney was 4.6 cm. The echogenicity of the renal cortex showed an echoic image, while the pyramidal part of the renal medulla indicated a relatively hypoechoic image. The results of measuring the diameter of the left kidney in clinically healthy Bali cattle could be used as a basis for decision-making in determining the clinical status of kidney health in this breed of cattle. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024
Ultrasonography Examination of the Kidney in Bali Cattle
The Modulation of In Vitro Differentiation of Monocyte-derived Macrophage by Trypanosoma evansi Antigens in the Dromedary Camel (Text)
The Modulation of In Vitro Differentiation of Monocyte-derived Macrophage by Trypanosoma evansi Antigens in the Dromedary Camel (Other)
HTML Summary of #951 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Modulation of In Vitro Differentiation of Monocyte-derived Macrophage by Trypanosoma evansi Antigens in the Dromedary Camel</epc:when>
Studies on the camel immune response to Trypanosoma (T.) evansi, the causative agent of Surra, are very limited. In the present study, flow cytometry was employed to investigate the modulatory effects of different T. evansi antigens on the in vitro differentiation of camel blood monocytes into macrophages. For this, in vitro, separated camel monocytes were differentiated into monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) in the presence or absence (control) of formalin-fixed (inactivated) T. evansi whole parasite (T. evansi group) or the purified Ro Tat 1.2 antigen (Ro Tat 1.2 group). The analysis of the antimicrobial functions of MDM (phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production) revealed reduced phagocytosis activity of camel MDM generated in the presence of T. evansi antigens. In addition, a lack of ROS-response was observed in camel MDM generated in the presence of T. evansi antigens after stimulation with PMA. These results indicated a compromising effect of T. evansi on the innate defense mechanisms in camels. Phenotypic analysis revealed the upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules together with the lower abundance of the scavenger receptor for haptoglobinâ��hemoglobin complexes (CD163) on MDM generated in the presence of whole T. evansi parasites, indicating a polarizing effect of T. evansi on the differentiation of camel monocytes into an M1 phenotype. However, the reduced antimicrobial functions of these cells argue against their pro-inflammatory nature. Although both MDM generated in the presence of whole T. evansi antigens or their purified Ro Tat 1.2 proteins indicated similar expression levels of CD14 and MHCII molecules, the different abundance of the cell surface molecules CD172a, CD163, CD45, and CD44 indicated different phenotypes of the two MDMs. The results of the present study revealed compromising effects of T. evansi antigens on camel macrophages differentiated in vitro from blood monocytes. Whether these effects contribute to the in vivo pathogenesis of T. evansi in camels remains to be determined in future studies. © The Author(s) 2023
The Modulation of In Vitro Differentiation of Monocyte-derived Macrophage by Trypanosoma evansi Antigens in the Dromedary Camel
Eucalyptus globulus as an Alternative to Antibiotics for Isa brown Laying Hens during the Starter Phase (Text)
Eucalyptus globulus as an Alternative to Antibiotics for Isa brown Laying Hens during the Starter Phase (Other)
HTML Summary of #927 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Eucalyptus globulus as an Alternative to Antibiotics for Isa brown Laying Hens during the Starter Phase</epc:when>
Identification of antibiotic residues in meat and eggs of laying hens in Togo and the ban in 2006 on using antibiotics growth promoter (AGP) in animal production by the World Health Organization induce the use of medicinal plants with antimicrobial effects, such as AGP alternatives in poultry production. For the same purpose, this study was conducted to contribute to studies using phytobiotics as alternatives to AGP in poultry production. Indeed, antibiotics have been substituted by Eucalyptus globulus leaf powder (ELP) during the starter phase. Polyphenolic compounds from ELP were determined, and the effects of different rates of ELP supplementation on growth performance, mortality, and hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated. A total of 460 one-day-old laying chicks (Isa brown) were randomly allocated to 5 groups, each consisting of 4 replications, with 23 chicks in each replication. Treatments consisted of the basal diet (BD) without ELP and antibiotics, a negative control (group EGO-), BD with antibiotics and no ELP, a positive control (group EGO+), BD + 0.25 of ELP without antibiotic (group EG1), BD with 0.50 of ELP without antibiotic (group EG2), and BD with 1 ELP without antibiotic (group EG3). The rates of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mean 0.25 kg, 0.5 kg, and 1 kg of ELP for 100 kg of BD, respectively. The study revealed that ELP contains flavonoids (4.85 μg QE/mg), tannins (30.34 μg CE/mg), and total phenols (165.2 μg AGE/mg). Supplementation did not affect feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio, and mortality of Isa brown laying hens during the starter phase (8 weeks) in all treatment groups. However, the chicks that received ELP had the best FI and BWG, which was not significantly different from the control groups. The biochemical parameters such as total proteins, albumin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and glycemia were not affected by ELP supplementation. Among the hematology parameters, the leukocyte decreased in the groups fed with ELP, while mortality was unaffected. The results of the present study indicated that ELP inclusion rate of 0.25 could serve as the best antibiotic replacement for Isa brown laying hens during the starter phase. © The Author(s) 2023
Eucalyptus globulus as an Alternative to Antibiotics for Isa brown Laying Hens during the Starter Phase
Interaction of Specific Monoclonal Antibodies with Leukocyte Antigens in Camels (Text)
Interaction of Specific Monoclonal Antibodies with Leukocyte Antigens in Camels (Other)
HTML Summary of #956 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Interaction of Specific Monoclonal Antibodies with Leukocyte Antigens in Camels</epc:when>
The dromedary camel as a livestock species significantly impacts the economy of arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. The identification of cross-reactive antibodies against pivotal immune cell markers acts as a valuable method to investigate the immune system of camels. The aim of the present study was to identify new monoclonal antibodies that react with camel leukocyte subsets using flow cytometry and multicolor immunofluorescence. The expression patterns of the tested antibodies indicated cross-reactivity of the anti-bovine CD9 monoclonal antibody clones LT86A and Hl9a with different binding potential. Although all leukocyte subpopulations stained positively with the CD9 antibodies, monocytes showed the highest CD9 abundance, compared to lymphocytes and granulocytes. No cross-reactivity was identified for the tested monoclonal antibodies against equine CD8a (clone: ETC142BA1), mouse CD3 (clone: CD3-12), human CD3 (clone: T3/2/16A9), human CD206 (clone: MMR), and bovine granulocytes (clone: CH138A). The present study revealed that only camel monocytes showed positive staining with the anti-ovine CD5 mAb (clone ST1), which is in contrast to the human and murine systems. The present findings indicated low homogeneity between camels and other species in the antigenic structure of leukocyte antigens, highlighting the need to develop camel-specific mAbs against the main immune cell markers. © The Author(s) 2023. All Rights Reserved.
Interaction of Specific Monoclonal Antibodies with Leukocyte Antigens in Camels
Epidemiology, Molecular, and Phylogenetic Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus Cysts in Slaughtered Farm Animals in Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia (Text)
Epidemiology, Molecular, and Phylogenetic Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus Cysts in Slaughtered Farm Animals in Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia (Other)
HTML Summary of #941 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Epidemiology, Molecular, and Phylogenetic Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus Cysts in Slaughtered Farm Animals in Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia</epc:when>
Echinococcosis, or hydatidosis, is a serious veterinary disease and public health issue worldwide, particularly in rural areas in which dogs have frequent contact with local herbivores. This study assessed the frequency of hydatidosis found among farm animals slaughtered in Al-Jouf Province in northern Saudi Arabia in 2021. A total of 156754 sheep, 36337 goats, 8590 camels, and 986 cattle were inspected for hydatidosis infection by comprehensive evaluation involving meticulous visual inspection and manual exploration of the internal organs through palpation. The cysts were subjected to molecular and phylogenetic analysis. The overall prevalence rates of hydatid cysts were 0.43, 0.19, 0.54, and 0.51 in the inspected sheep, goats, camels, and cattle, respectively. The highest disease prevalence rates among sheep (27.8) and goats (30.9) occurred in the spring, and the highest prevalence rates among camels (41.3) and cattle (80) were in the summer. Regarding the prevalence of the disease in four slaughterhouses in the Al-Jouf Province, the highest prevalence in sheep, goats, and camels was in the Tabarjal slaughterhouse (1.43, 0.81, and 1.08, respectively), although the Al-Qurayat slaughterhouse had the highest prevalence rate in cattle (1.98). Complete molecular analysis indicated that cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) sequences from cyst isolates belonged to Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus). Moreover, there was high homology (98-100) with associated Genbank sequences of E. granulosus isolated from sheep in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Sheep and camels were a significant source of hydatidosis transmission to dogs and helped to maintain disease incidence in the Al-Jouf Province. Thus, significant efforts should focus on preventing cyst transmission from abattoirs and infected stray dogs. © The Author(s) 2023. All Rights Reserved.
Epidemiology, Molecular, and Phylogenetic Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus Cysts in Slaughtered Farm Animals in Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia
Using Helminths to Fight Cancer: An Innovative Approach (Text)
Using Helminths to Fight Cancer: An Innovative Approach (Other)
HTML Summary of #949 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Using Helminths to Fight Cancer: An Innovative Approach</epc:when>
As an alternative treatment in cancer therapy, there has been a growing interest in using helminths, such as Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis), Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus), Toxocara canis (T. canis), and Taenia solium (T. solium). This study aimed to investigate the antigens and mechanisms that contribute to the anticancer properties of helminths, providing insights into how helminths may be used as a new and innovative treatment modality for cancer. The current review analyzed preclinical and clinical studies published between 2000 and 2023. The present study sought to obtain information on helminths, such as E. granulosus, T. spiralis, T. canis, and T. solium, to treat cancers of the breast, pancreas, melanoma, and leukemia by exploring databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Studies focusing on helminth therapy against particular cancer types for in vitro and animal models were included. Several studies have shown the possibility of inhibiting breast, colon, melanoma, and leukemia tumor growth, inducing apoptosis, and modulating the tumor microenvironment with E. granulosus, T. spiralis, T. canis, and T. solium based on in vitro and animal models studies. Some studies have indicated that helminth therapy can improve survival rates, reduce tumor growth, and stimulate the immune system in cancer patients. A potential improvement in treatment outcomes can be used for combination therapies, such as antigen selection, immune profiling, and individualized approaches based on helminth therapy. Helminth therapy is an additional option for cancer treatment, emphasizing T. spiralis, E. granulosus, T. canis, and T. solium. These helminth antigens could modulate immune responses and directly cause cytotoxicity in cancer cells. © Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articleâ��s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the articleâ��s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Using Helminths to Fight Cancer: An Innovative Approach
Potential Antibacterial Effects of Ethanol Extract and Essential Oil of Origanum vulgare on Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus (Text)
Potential Antibacterial Effects of Ethanol Extract and Essential Oil of Origanum vulgare on Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus (Other)
HTML Summary of #958 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Potential Antibacterial Effects of Ethanol Extract and Essential Oil of Origanum vulgare on Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus</epc:when>
Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are pathogenic bacteria causing various infectious diseases in humans and animals. Currently, herbal ingredients are widely used as antibacterial agents to combat bacterial infections due to their lower side effects, compared to chemical drugs. One such plant with medicinal promise as an antibacterial agent is the oregano plant (Oregano vulgare). It contains substances, such as tannin, flavonoids, carvacrol, thymol, and saponin. Therefore, the current study was conducted to regularly compare the in vitro antibacterial potential of ethanol extract essential oil oregano (Oregano vulgare) on K. pneumonia and S. aureus. In this research, the diffusion method using discs was employed to observe the inhibition zones, while the dilution tube method was utilized to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the ethanol extract and essential oil of oregano against the test bacteria. The bacterial treatment group received the test material at concentrations of 100, 50, 25, and 12.5. The obtained data were analyzed descriptively in terms of zone inhibition and MIC values. According to the disc diffusion test, the essential oil of oregano demonstrated greater efficacy as an antibacterial agent against K. pneumoniae at a concentration of 100, resulting in an average inhibition zone of 18 mm. Conversely, for S. aureus, a concentration of 1.5 of the essential oil exhibited higher effectiveness, yielding an average inhibition zone of 30 mm. Based on the MIC values, the essential oil was more effective as an antibacterial for K. pneumonia at a concentration of 0.2 (2 mg/mL), while for S. aureus it was more effective at a concentration of 0.19 (1.9 mg/mL). © The Author(s) 2023. All Rights Reserved.
Potential Antibacterial Effects of Ethanol Extract and Essential Oil of Origanum vulgare on Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus
Efficiency Evaluation of Silica Nanoparticles as a Pesticide against Ctenocephalides felis (Text)
Efficiency Evaluation of Silica Nanoparticles as a Pesticide against Ctenocephalides felis (Other)
HTML Summary of #947 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Efficiency Evaluation of Silica Nanoparticles as a Pesticide against Ctenocephalides felis</epc:when>
The increasing resistance of arthropods to many insecticides has encouraged researchers to search for new alternatives to combat harmful insects. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of silica nanoparticles (NPs) on Ctenocephalides felis (C. felis), a prevalent species among cats and a known vector for diseases. The killing efficacy of SiO2-NPs against C. felis was tested at three different concentrations (50, 100, and 150 mg/ml) over three different time intervals (10, 20, and 40 minutes), alongside positive and negative control groups (distilled water and cypermethrin). The results of the current study indicated that all concentrations had a fleacidal effect, with SiO2-NPs demonstrating increased efficacy with higher concentrations and longer exposure periods. The concentration of 150 mg/mL of SiO2-NPs led to the highest effect at 96 upon exposure for 40 minutes. The results of the current study revealed significant differences between the control groups and all the groups treated with Sio2-NP concentrations. It can be concluded that Sio2-NPs are a practical approach to flea control although it is necessary to search for environmentally friendly pesticides. The current results indicate that SiO2-NPs have anti-parasitic effects against C. felis. © The Author(s) 2023. All Rights Reserved.
Efficiency Evaluation of Silica Nanoparticles as a Pesticide against Ctenocephalides felis
Effects of Adding Glutathione to AndroMed Diluent on Intact Plasma and Acrosome Membranes and Progressive Motility of Cattle Spermatozoa During Freezing Processes (Text)
Effects of Adding Glutathione to AndroMed Diluent on Intact Plasma and Acrosome Membranes and Progressive Motility of Cattle Spermatozoa During Freezing Processes (Other)
HTML Summary of #942 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Adding Glutathione to AndroMed Diluent on Intact Plasma and Acrosome Membranes and Progressive Motility of Cattle Spermatozoa During Freezing Processes</epc:when>
Adding endogenous antioxidants to the diluent is significantly associated with semen quality during the freezing process. This study aimed to investigate the effects of adding glutathione to AndroMed diluent on the preservation of crucial sperm attributes, namely, intact plasma membrane (IPM), intact acrosome membrane (IAM), and progressive motility of Bali cattle spermatozoa. A completely randomized design was used, and spermatozoa samples were obtained from a Bali cattle and divided into two diluent treatment groups (36 diluent samples in each group with six replications), namely pure AndroMed as the control and a group with the addition of glutathione (1 mmol) to AndroMed. Each treatment was replicated six times and evaluated at three freezing stages, including post-dilution, post-equilibration, and post-thawing, for crucial sperm properties. The results indicated that fresh Bali cattle spermatozoa had progressive motility, IAM, and IPM of 75, 89, and 88, respectively. During the freezing process, there was a significant decrease in semen quality, including progressive motility, IAM, and IPM of spermatozoa after dilution to post-equilibration and post-equilibration to post-thawing in both treatment groups. Meanwhile, the addition of 1 mmol of glutathione to AndroMed diluent had a significant difference in increasing progressive motility, IAM, and IPM of Bali cattle spermatozoa at each stage of semen freezing, including post-dilution, post-equilibration, and post thawing when compared with controls. Based on the results, it can be concluded that adding 1 mmol of glutathione to the AndroMed diluent enhanced the quality and integrity of Bali cattle semen, including progressive motility, IAM, and IPM during the freezing process. © The Author(s) 2023. All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Adding Glutathione to AndroMed Diluent on Intact Plasma and Acrosome Membranes and Progressive Motility of Cattle Spermatozoa During Freezing Processes
Quail Farming in Villages of Mogoditshane-Thamaga and Tlokweng Districts, Botswana (Text)
Quail Farming in Villages of Mogoditshane-Thamaga and Tlokweng Districts, Botswana (Other)
HTML Summary of #933 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Quail Farming in Villages of Mogoditshane-Thamaga and Tlokweng Districts, Botswana</epc:when>
The interest in quail farming has been increasing over the years due to the quailâ��s many productive and financial benefits over other poultry species. Quail farming is still in its infancy in Botswana. This study investigated the current status, challenges, and prospects of Japanese quail farming in Mogoditshane, Gabane, and Tlokweng districts, Botswana. A total of 64 quail farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire from June 2022 to April 2023. Data were collected on the respondentsâ�� demographic characteristics (age, educational status, and sex), quail management aspects (feeding, housing, and health), ownership of quail, challenges in quail farming, and the use of quail products in the study area. Results showed that 67 of male respondents were involved in quail rearing. The youth (â�¤35 years) dominated the rearing of quails, followed by respondents aged 41-50 years (22), 36-40 years (16), and above 50 years (9). In addition, 48 of the respondents reared â�¤100 quails, followed by 39 and 13 who reared 101-500 and 500 quails, respectively. Furthermore, 81 of respondents reared quails in cages, 17 in conventional structures, and 2 in residential houses. Bobwhite, Jumbo, and Japanese quail were the three quail varieties reared in the study area. It was found that 55 of the respondents had less than one year of experience in quail farming. Moreover, 86 of the respondents used crushed maize or sorghum to feed quails, while 14 used commercial chicken diets. Finally, 92 of the respondents mentioned that quail eggs were used to treat various human diseases. Effective challenges in quail farming included external parasites (36), diseases (30), predation (13), lack of commercial quail diets (12), escaping (6), and theft (3). Quail farming should be considered for inclusion in government support programs as it has the potential to contribute to income generation and food and nutrition security. © The Author(s) 2023
Quail Farming in Villages of Mogoditshane-Thamaga and Tlokweng Districts, Botswana
Clinical and Molecular Detections of Lumpy Skin Disease: Possibilities of Co-infection with Foot-and-Mouth Disease (Text)
Clinical and Molecular Detections of Lumpy Skin Disease: Possibilities of Co-infection with Foot-and-Mouth Disease (Other)
HTML Summary of #952 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Clinical and Molecular Detections of Lumpy Skin Disease: Possibilities of Co-infection with Foot-and-Mouth Disease</epc:when>
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) and foot and mouth disease (FMD) are notable viral diseases of cattle. This report aimed to highlight the possibilities of an uncommon case of LSD and FMD co-infection. The report also presents the clinical and molecular detection of LSD virus in six crossbred calves and LSD and FMD virus co-infection in a heifer at small-scale dairy farms located in northern Ethiopia. Nasal swabs and tissue samples were collected following aseptic techniques from the six calves suspected of having LSD and a tissue sample from one heifer suspected of having LSD-FMD co-infection and submitted to the laboratory for cell culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Different-sized, firm, painful skin nodules with necrotic centers were seen on different parts of the calvesâ�� body. Swelling of the prescapular and prefemoral lymph nodes, conjunctivitis, and corneal cloudiness were also observed. Uniquely, one heifer was seen with erosive lesions in the oral cavity and tongue, salivation, lameness, and skin nodules. Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, a distinctive feature of LSD virus, and the formation of syncytia, a characteristic of FMD virus, were observed in the cell lines. The heifer was diagnosed with a rare co-infection of LSDV and FMDV based on clinical signs, cell culture, and real-time PCR test results. The other six calves were diagnosed with the LSD virus. Treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, local wound cleansing, and anti-inflammatory drugs was initiated. Unfortunately, the heifer with LSD-FMD co-infection died while under treatment, and just three calves with LSD were recovered. It can be concluded that vaccination of animals against both diseases and promotion of bio-security protocols in farms is more helpful than treatment, and early case reporting is also warranted to avoid losses related to the diseases. © The Author(s) 2023. All Rights Reserved.
Clinical and Molecular Detections of Lumpy Skin Disease: Possibilities of Co-infection with Foot-and-Mouth Disease
Cytology of Turkey Blood Reactive Hemograms and Measures of Stress (Text)
Cytology of Turkey Blood Reactive Hemograms and Measures of Stress (Other)
HTML Summary of #936 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Cytology of Turkey Blood Reactive Hemograms and Measures of Stress</epc:when>
The current study was intended to offer a cytological counterbalance to published descriptions of how processing or other procedures affect turkey welfare. Cytology represents a detailed description of morphological atypia or unusual intracellular or intercellular behavior. The study aimed to describe the variation of blood cells of commercial turkeys. Blood films were collected from 4 turkeys at four different ages of 6, 12, 17, and 19 weeks at commercial farms by a qualified veterinarian. The slides, stained by Wright-Giemsa, were photographed and interpreted off-site. Normal cells of the lymphocyte (L) and heterophil (H) series were described first, followed by examples of atypical cells of other series. These were shown with descriptions of cellularity defined as the proportion of leukocytes in each microscopic field. The results indicated examples of cells whose presence in a standard differential count (SDC) was important enough to disqualify the simple H/L ratio as a stress measure. These cells were atypical members of the lymphoid series, plasmacytes, and other cell types. Atypical granulocytes were heterophils with irregular shapes and faint nuclear staining (hypochromia). An example of a representative total white count revealed how the H/L value could depend on where the cells were counted on the slide. In conclusion, the cytology clearly shows that the presence of atypical cells in a hemogram highlights the inadequacy of relying solely on the simple H/L ratio to estimate stress status. © Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Cytology of Turkey Blood Reactive Hemograms and Measures of Stress
Improving the Quality and Nutritional Value of a Mixture of Sago Pith and Indigofera Leaves Fermented with Rhizopus oligosporus (Text)
Improving the Quality and Nutritional Value of a Mixture of Sago Pith and Indigofera Leaves Fermented with Rhizopus oligosporus (Other)
HTML Summary of #955 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Improving the Quality and Nutritional Value of a Mixture of Sago Pith and Indigofera Leaves Fermented with Rhizopus oligosporus</epc:when>
The nutritional value of sago pith is limited due to its low protein content, making it less suitable for poultry feed. To increase the benefit values of the sago pith, it is necessary to process it through fermentation. The current study aimed to determine the effects of substrate composition and fermentation time of fermented sago (Metroxylon sagu) pith (SP) and Indigofera (Indigofera zollingeriana) leaves (IL) mixture using Rhizopus oligosporus as an inoculum on crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber content of fermented SP and IL, nitrogen retention, crude fiber digestibility, and energy metabolism in broiler chickens. The study was performed on 30 broiler chickens, average weighing ± 1.5 kg at 6 weeks of age, along with SP, IL, and R. oligosporus. This experiment was conducted using a randomized design in a 3x3 factorial with three replications. Substrate composition, or factor A, was made up of A1 (80 SP + 20 IL), A2 (60 SP + 40 IL), and A3 (50 SP + 50 IL). Fermentation time as Factor B entailed B1 (2 days), B2 (3 days), and B3 (4 days). The findings demonstrated a significant interaction between the time of fermentation and the composition of the substrate in relation to crude protein content, nitrogen retention, crude fat, crude fiber digestibility, and energy metabolism. It can be concluded that the composition of substrate 50 SP and 50 IL with 3 days of fermentation yielded the best result, with crude protein at 25.45, nitrogen retention at 59.72, crude fat at 0.020, crude fiber at 6.40, crude fiber digestibility at 57.34, and metabolic energy at 2658.44 kcal/kg. © The Author(s) 2023. All Rights Reserved.
Improving the Quality and Nutritional Value of a Mixture of Sago Pith and Indigofera Leaves Fermented with Rhizopus oligosporus
Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and their Association with Body Weight in Egyptian Chicken Strains (Text)
Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and their Association with Body Weight in Egyptian Chicken Strains (Other)
HTML Summary of #928 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and their Association with Body Weight in Egyptian Chicken Strains</epc:when>
Genetic characteristics and population structure within and among Egyptian indigenous chicken strains are important for identifying some genetic resources. The present study aimed to use microsatellite markers to determine similarity and genetic distance among different genotypes and their association with growth and production traits in Egyptian indigenous chicken strains. The current study included 800 chickens and 100 genomic DNA samples obtained from four Egyptian local chicken strains of four different areas (Dokki-4, Mandarah, Anshas, and Al-Salam) in Egypt. Their genetic characteristics, population structure, phylogenetic relationships, and their association with body weight were analyzed using seven microsatellite markers. The performance of 200 chicks from each strain was assessed in terms of individual body weight and growth rate. Al-Salam strain had a significantly higher body weight than the other strains up to 12 weeks of age among the four lines of Egyptian local chickens. Additionally, male chickens across all strains indicated significantly higher body weight than females from 2 weeks of age until the end of the experiment. The study revealed a total of 68 alleles from the 7 loci across 4 chicken strains, with an average of 9.71. The average of observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content were 0.799, 0.358, and 0.707, respectively. The Mandarah strain had the highest observed allele number of 5.37; however, the lowest observed allele number was 3.12 for the Dokki strain. Analysis of population structure revealed that the four chicken strains should be divided into three clusters based on the highest log-likelihood values (Î�K value, 56.3). The results showed a degree of heterozygosity in the Mandara strain with 66.7 individual memberships, indicating a level of admixture. On the other hand, the Al-Salam strain indicated a high genetic diversity with 99 individual membership. The current study provides valuable insights for future genetic polymorphism studies, the advancement of breeding programs, and strategies for the conservation of the Egyptian local chicken strains. © The Author(s) 2023. All Rights Reserved.
Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and their Association with Body Weight in Egyptian Chicken Strains
Advancing Pavement Sustainability with Recycled Materials (Text)
Advancing Pavement Sustainability with Recycled Materials (Other)
HTML Summary of #1300 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Advancing Pavement Sustainability with Recycled Materials</epc:when>
The increasing environmental concerns and depletion of natural resources have catalyzed the exploration of sustainable alternatives in civil engineering practices, particularly pavement construction. This study evaluates the efficacy of using recycled materials—crushed concrete aggregate (CCA), reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), and recycled plastics—as viable substitutes for traditional pavement materials. By examining mechanical properties, environmental impacts, and real-world implementations, the research highlights the potential of these materials to meet or exceed the performance standards of traditional pavements. Mechanical testing shows that recycled materials provide comparable or enhanced performance metrics, while life cycle assessments reveal significant reductions in carbon emissions, resource consumption, and ecological toxicity. Case studies from diverse geographical contexts further validate the practical applicability and effectiveness of recycled materials. The study concludes with recommendations for standardizing material processing, updating policies, and continuing research to address long-term durability and environmental concerns. This paper contributes to the literature on sustainable civil engineering by providing a pathway for the increased adoption of recycled materials in pavement construction, thus aligning with global sustainability objectives.
Advancing Pavement Sustainability with Recycled Materials
The Role of Veterinarians in Forensic Science: A Review (Text)
The Role of Veterinarians in Forensic Science: A Review (Other)
HTML Summary of #963 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Role of Veterinarians in Forensic Science: A Review</epc:when>
Forensic science plays an important role in solving lawsuits involving human beings, such as assault, homicide, or poisoning cases. It combines scientific principles and techniques with legal procedures. Regarding past and present animal cruelty issues, many countries have passed stringent legislation to penalize individuals who abuse animals. Such animal cruelty protection acts are practiced in many countries, including Thailand, the United States, and Australia. Therefore, forensic science has been applied in the veterinary field, classified as a branch called veterinary forensic science.This field of study examines abnormalities in unnatural death in animals, collecting evidence from animals according to the chain of custody (crucial for documenting evidence) and the laws related to crimes against animals. This article gathers information by searching international databases (Scopus and Pubmed). The results of the search revealed the role of veterinarians in forensic science, the types of animal abuse that have led to legal actions (such as physical abuse and poisoning), and the laws seeking to prevent animal cruelty, each with its unique set of penalties, as implemented by different countries. The results revealed that veterinarians play a crucial role in animal forensic science by examining abused animals and ensuring the precise collection of samples, which serves as essential support for legal cases. It is important to involve specialized experts in these examinations, as their involvement substantially enhances the reliability of the results. Countries with laws to prevent animal cruelty, such as Malaysia, Thailand, Turkey, and Australia, punish animal abusers with varying fines and imprisonment. However, some countries still do not have practical laws to prevent animal cruelty directly, such as China and Iran. In this context, veterinarians should know the animal cruelty prevention laws in their area and educate animal owners to be aware of appropriate animal welfare management and reduce the incidence of animal cruelty. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
The Role of Veterinarians in Forensic Science: A Review
Effects of Histomonas, Trichomonas, and Eimeria Co-infection on Productivity and Macro-morphological Indicators of Eggs in Laying Hens (Text)
Effects of Histomonas, Trichomonas, and Eimeria Co-infection on Productivity and Macro-morphological Indicators of Eggs in Laying Hens (Other)
HTML Summary of #948 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Histomonas, Trichomonas, and Eimeria Co-infection on Productivity and Macro-morphological Indicators of Eggs in Laying Hens</epc:when>
The study of macro-morphological changes is important for recognizing disturbances in egg formation that cause pathologies, especially co-infection. The current study aimed to evaluate the level of egg productivity and macro-morphological parameters of eggs in domestic chickens of the Rhode Island breed with co-infection of Histomonas, Trichomonas, and Eimeria. Clinical and parasitological, coproscopic, morphometric research, and statistical analysis methods were used for this research. Pathogens of Histomonas and Trichomonas were detected by microscopy of smears of fresh feces, and Eimeria oocysts were identified by flotation according to the Fullenborn method. During 30 days of research, there was a significant decrease in egg production (52), a decrease in egg weight by 16.8, and a decrease in the shell thickness by 30.43 during spontaneous Eimeria-Histomonosis-Trichomonosis co-infection in laying hens. The eggshell indicated noticeable macro-morphological changes, including deformations and defects resulting from insufficient calcification. These changes manifest as combined damage to the shell, characterized by small cracks, roughness, bumpy or spilled thickenings, and complete or partial depigmentation. When evaluating the internal content of eggs in 12 of their samples, there were bloody spots, relatively smaller and lighter yolks, thinning of the protein part. Thus, the specified macro-morphological changes and egg defects were the result of the negative impact of co-infection on the processes of egg formation, which indicates the systemic nature of the lesion and the morphofunctional insufficiency of the egg-forming organs. © Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articleâ��s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the articleâ��s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Effects of Histomonas, Trichomonas, and Eimeria Co-infection on Productivity and Macro-morphological Indicators of Eggs in Laying Hens
The Current Status and Potential Development of Genetic Resources of Indigenous Toraya Spotted Buffalo in Indonesia: A Systematic Review (Text)
The Current Status and Potential Development of Genetic Resources of Indigenous Toraya Spotted Buffalo in Indonesia: A Systematic Review (Other)
HTML Summary of #946 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Current Status and Potential Development of Genetic Resources of Indigenous Toraya Spotted Buffalo in Indonesia: A Systematic Review</epc:when>
Buffaloes are integral to the Asiatic market as they are crucial for agricultural work and transportation and provide a significant source of dairy and meat, contributing to various industries, local economies, and cultural practices across the region. Indonesia is a mega biodiversity country abundant in livestock genetic resources, including indigenous, local, and introduced breeds that play a crucial role in agriculture and the livestock industry. These genetic resources offer the potential for selective breeding and improving the quality of livestock populations through well-designed breeding programs, ensuring sustainable livestock production for the future. The current study was performed using the â��Publish or Perishâ�� software, and the data obtained was analyzed using the CADIMA web tool. The Toraya buffalo population is the largest in the Tana Toraja and North Toraja regencies and is widely distributed within South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The population of Toraya buffalo in this region reached 43674 heads. Toraya buffaloes exhibit diverse body color characteristics, such as black, gray, white, and mixed. Moreover, Toraya buffaloes possess distinct quantitative traits that set them apart from other swamp buffalo breeds. Although there are limited studies on Toraya buffaloes, the potential for broader and more comprehensive studies offers opportunities to uncover new information on the characteristics, genetics, reproduction, health, and management of Toraya buffaloes. The development of Toraya buffalo farms also holds significant economic promise, as it can lead to increased agricultural productivity and improved livelihoods for local communities by enhancing the quality by implementing well-planned breeding programs and leveraging reproductive technology, and genetics-based selection, growth, and productivity can be produced. To increase the population and productivity of Toraya buffaloes, a well-structured breeding program integrating reproductive technology and selection based on quantitative and molecular genetics is essential. The development potential of Toraya buffalo is vast, not only due to its high cultural value but also its superior quantitative traits compared to common swamp buffalo, positioning it as a potential national meat provider. The present review article aimed to discuss the characteristics and development potential of Toraya buffaloes, along with the implementation of reproductive biotechnology and molecular genetics to enhance the population, productivity, and quality of Toraya buffaloes in Indonesia. © The Author(s) 2023. All Rights Reserved.
The Current Status and Potential Development of Genetic Resources of Indigenous Toraya Spotted Buffalo in Indonesia: A Systematic Review
A Pathologic Case of Gout Tophi Deposition with a Concurrent Systemic Bacterial Infection in a Leopard Gecko (Eublepharis macularius) (Text)
A Pathologic Case of Gout Tophi Deposition with a Concurrent Systemic Bacterial Infection in a Leopard Gecko (Eublepharis macularius) (Other)
HTML Summary of #957 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A Pathologic Case of Gout Tophi Deposition with a Concurrent Systemic Bacterial Infection in a Leopard Gecko (Eublepharis macularius)</epc:when>
Gout is caused by excessive uric acid in the blood deposited in tissues (visceral gout) or joints (articular gout), leading to severe inflammation and pain. A female leopard gecko was presented to the University Veterinary Hospital, University of Putra, Malaysia, with a history of swelling at the left caudal mandible, inappetence, and weight loss. An oral examination indicated a swollen mouth with scabs on the upper right mandible and multiple whitish deposits inside the mouth. The preliminary diagnosis was mouth rot, and the treatment included metronidazole and a multivitamin supplement. The leopard gecko died 12 days after treatment since there was no improvement. Post-mortem examination revealed that the liver was slightly enlarged with generalized moderate congestion and the presence of whitish deposits, as well as noticeable whitish deposits on the pleural surface of the lungs. Histopathological examination of the lungs revealed a granuloma with an inflammatory reaction predominantly by abundant mononuclear cells and fibrin deposition. An irregular collection of amorphous materials in the visceral pleura suggested gout tophi. The liver was infiltrated with amorphous material and fibrinous tissue, and it had mild congestion, indicating visceral gout and bacterial infection. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis were isolated from the lungs and liver samples, respectively. In conclusion, gout tophi is common in reptiles, but visceral involvement is rare, and early detection is critical to avoid secondary bacterial infection, as demonstrated in this case. © Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articleâ��s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the articleâ��s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
A Pathologic Case of Gout Tophi Deposition with a Concurrent Systemic Bacterial Infection in a Leopard Gecko (Eublepharis macularius)
Observational Study on Reproductive Behavior in Semi-Wild Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor) for Wildlife Conservation and Assisted Reproductive Management (Text)
Observational Study on Reproductive Behavior in Semi-Wild Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor) for Wildlife Conservation and Assisted Reproductive Management (Other)
HTML Summary of #945 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Observational Study on Reproductive Behavior in Semi-Wild Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor) for Wildlife Conservation and Assisted Reproductive Management</epc:when>
Understanding the reproductive behaviors of different wildlife species is essential to unravel their reproductive strategies, ecological adaptations, and conservation requirements. This study delved into the reproductive biology of the sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), with a focus on promoting assisted reproductive technology for wildlife conservation and investigating the reproductive behaviors of male and female sambar deer. The study was conducted at Pusat Konservasi Hidupan Liar (PKHL) Sungkai, Perak, Malaysia. The observation focused on one male and two female sambar deer. Direct observations of the deer were conducted for 14 days in September 2022. The direct observations were performed in the morning (Session 1= 8-10 am), afternoon (Session 2 = 10-12 pm), and evening (Session 3= 3-5 pm), using the instantaneous sampling method. A total of 75 behavior instances were recorded, in which male deer exhibited the most reproductive behavior at 58 instances (77.3 of the total reproductive behavior). Successful mating was observed on day 6, elucidating a crepuscular preference in the male animal in exhibiting reproductive behavior. The femaleâ��s reproductive behavior lasted for a short period, from 24 hours for Female 2 and 72 hours for Female 1. In conclusion, there was a distinct behavior between the male and female deer during the rutting season. Understanding the reproductive behavior to estimate the length of estrus can be useful as a non-invasive tool to detect heat and can be considered to improve breeding management and implement assisted reproductive technology. © The Author(s) 2023. All Rights Reserved.
Observational Study on Reproductive Behavior in Semi-Wild Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor) for Wildlife Conservation and Assisted Reproductive Management
Assessment of Rice Husk-Based Activated Carbon as Adsorbent in Domestic Wastewater Treatment (Text)
Assessment of Rice Husk-Based Activated Carbon as Adsorbent in Domestic Wastewater Treatment (Other)
HTML Summary of #863 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Assessment of Rice Husk-Based Activated Carbon as Adsorbent in Domestic Wastewater Treatment</epc:when>
Indiscriminate discharge of wastewater into the environment is of utmost concern, especially in developing countries. This study evaluated the efficiency of rice husk based activated carbon in wastewater samples harvested from a students’ hostel and a restaurant within the Federal University of Technology, Akure. The adsorbent used was produced from rice husk using hydrogen tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid (H2SO4) as the activating agent. The aim of this study was to assess rice husk-activated carbon for the reduction of physicochemical parameters such as hardness, pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), and heavy metals which include chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe). The wastewater samples were treated using activated rice hush ash of particle size (180 µm) at four different doses (30, 35, 40, 45 grams/400 ml). The results showed that the different doses of activated carbon had different removal efficiency. It was observed that the optimum dosage was 40g for DO, COD, BOD, and TDS while 30g was optimum for Hardness. It was also observed that an increase in the concentration of rice husk adsorbent led to an increase in the removal efficiency for the heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Pb, and Fe). The maximum percentage removal of DO, COD, BOD, TDS, and TSS, with rice husk was 21%, 58%, 72%, 21%, and 57% respectively. After the treatment of the domestic wastewater and comparing with the WHO standard, the treated wastewater quality was found to be safe for direct discharge into surface water bodies and irrigation purposes.
Assessment of Rice Husk-Based Activated Carbon as Adsorbent in Domestic Wastewater Treatment
The Composition of Zoophilic Fly Species in Eastern Ukraine (Text)
The Composition of Zoophilic Fly Species in Eastern Ukraine (Other)
HTML Summary of #943 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Composition of Zoophilic Fly Species in Eastern Ukraine</epc:when>
Zoophilic Diptera plays a leading role in the epizootic foci formation of many infectious and parasitic diseases and directly affects the quality of livestock products. The current study aimed to analyze the number and species composition of parasitic Diptera in industrial, farm, and homestead agrobiocenoses of large and small cattle, pig, and poultry farms in Eastern Ukraine. The research involved entomological collection during the peak activity daylight hours in early May, July, and early September 2021-2022 per farm. A total of 360 entomological collections were made, and 4310 zoophilous flies were examined. In livestock farms of five districts of the Kharkiv region of Ukraine, 28 species of zoophilic flies were registered, among which Musca domestica, Muscina stabulans, Stomoxys calcitrans, Lucilia sericata, Protophormia terraenovae, and Drosophila species were dominant species. The analysis revealed that cattle biocenoses hosted 27 fly species, pigs had 8 species, and poultry and small cattle each had 7 species. The study indicated an increase in the population of Musca autumnalis, the main species in the pastures, near livestock premises during the summer. Stomoxys calcitrans was also recorded in livestock agrobiocenoses. The species Musca domestica, Musca autumnalis, and Stomoxys calcitrans account for 78.8 to 88.3 of the entire complex of zoophilous flies. The two species of Ortellia caesarion (shiny dung beetle) and Ortellia cornicina (green dung beetle), known for their role as manure mineralizers and deemed non-threatening to animals, were completely absent during the research period. The findings indicated the species of Eristalis tenax in agrobiocenoses in 2021. Therefore, it can be concluded that zoophilic flies are physical irritants to animals and potential carriers of many infectious diseases, especially diseases caused by unicellular organisms. © The Author(s) 2023
The Composition of Zoophilic Fly Species in Eastern Ukraine
Cytology of Turkey Blood-Reactive Hemograms and Measures of Stress (Text)
Cytology of Turkey Blood-Reactive Hemograms and Measures of Stress (Other)
HTML Summary of #1094 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Cytology of Turkey Blood-Reactive Hemograms and Measures of Stress</epc:when>
The current study was intended to offer a cytological counterbalance to published descriptions of how processing or other procedures affect turkey welfare. Cytology represents a detailed description of morphological atypia or unusual intracellular or intercellular behavior. The study aimed to describe the variation of blood cells of commercial turkeys. Blood films were collected from 4 turkeys at four different ages of 6, 12, 17, and 19 weeks at commercial farms by a qualified veterinarian. The slides, stained by Wright-Giemsa, were photographed and interpreted off-site. Normal cells of the lymphocyte (L) and heterophil (H) series were described first, followed by examples of atypical cells of other series. These were shown with descriptions of cellularity defined as the proportion of leukocytes in each microscopic field. The results indicated examples of cells whose presence in a standard differential count (SDC) was important enough to disqualify the simple H/L ratio as a stress measure. These cells were atypical members of the lymphoid series, plasmacytes, and other cell types. Atypical granulocytes were heterophils with irregular shapes and faint nuclear staining (hypochromia). An example of a representative total white count revealed how the H/L value could depend on where the cells were counted on the slide. In conclusion, the cytology clearly shows that the presence of atypical cells in a hemogram highlights the inadequacy of relying solely on the simple H/L ratio to estimate stress status.
Cytology of Turkey Blood-Reactive Hemograms and Measures of Stress
Standardization of the Simple Methodology for Experimentally Induced Ischemic Stroke in Rat Models (Text)
Standardization of the Simple Methodology for Experimentally Induced Ischemic Stroke in Rat Models (Other)
HTML Summary of #950 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Standardization of the Simple Methodology for Experimentally Induced Ischemic Stroke in Rat Models</epc:when>
Stroke is a globally significant and devastating disease that requires prompt treatment. Animal models are commonly used to investigate stroke therapy, often through experimentally induced ischemic stroke (EIIS). However, challenges arise in implementing EIIS in animal models. The current study aimed to present a simple EIIS methodology for animal models. A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, namely Group 1 (sham-operated), Groups 2 to 5 (EIIS groups) with different duration of common carotid artery (CCA) ligation, including 1, 2, 4, and 8 hours, respectively. The ligation was performed on the CCA and its branches. Before the experiment, the rats were anesthetized, and the incision area was shaved and disinfected. The sagittal ventral midline was incised, with neck muscles retracted to expose the right CCA. The occlusion was performed on three sides of a carotid artery (common, external, and internal) using a simple interrupted suture. The occlusion of blood flow using ligation was performed at different times depending on the groups. After that, the CCA ligations were re-perfused by cutting the suture knot. The brain and blood were collected on days 1 and 7 after reperfusion. The results indicated that 4 and 8 hours of CCA ligation significantly impacted the general condition and neuro-deficit score. Moreover, 4 and 8 hours of CCA ligation could induce ischemic stroke by its capacity to cause infarction within the brain parenchyma and increase the platelet-to-white blood cell ratio, C-reactive protein, and De Ritis ratio. In contrast, 1 and 2 hours of CCA ligation did not significantly affect the observed parameters. It can be concluded that the EIIS using 4 and 8 hours of CCA ligation can be applied to induce ischemic stroke in rat models with consistent impacts on general conditions, neuro-deficit, hematology, and serology. © The Author(s) 2023. All Rights Reserved.
Standardization of the Simple Methodology for Experimentally Induced Ischemic Stroke in Rat Models
The Impacts of Body Condition, Microclimate, Wind Speed, and Air Pollutant on Physiological Response of Laying Hen Reared under Tropical Climate (Text)
The Impacts of Body Condition, Microclimate, Wind Speed, and Air Pollutant on Physiological Response of Laying Hen Reared under Tropical Climate (Other)
HTML Summary of #929 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Impacts of Body Condition, Microclimate, Wind Speed, and Air Pollutant on Physiological Response of Laying Hen Reared under Tropical Climate</epc:when>
The environmental changes in the animalâ��s body status could manifest as a physiological response. The present study investigated the impact of body condition, microclimate, wind speed, and air pollutants on the physiological response of laying hens. Therefore, a total of 172 laying hens at 16 weeks of age from Isa Brown were investigated for 5 days. Data on body condition, microclimate, wind speed, and physiological response were recorded and then analyzed using the SEM model by Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling using smartPLS. The obtained result revealed that 59.71 of the physiological response of the chickens (respiratory rate and rectal temperature) reared at the open house system could be predicted by the independent. The microclimate (γ = 0.465) was found to be more effective than body condition (γ = 0.237), wind speed (γ = -0.364), and air pollutant (γ = 0.08). Moreover, it was found that as much as 83.1 of the air pollutants in the open house system could be predicted by the independent variables, and wind speed (γ = -0.890) was more effective than microclimate (γ = 0.074) variables. © The Author(s) 2023
The Impacts of Body Condition, Microclimate, Wind Speed, and Air Pollutant on Physiological Response of Laying Hen Reared under Tropical Climate
The Role of Newcastle Disease Virus in Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review (Text)
The Role of Newcastle Disease Virus in Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review (Other)
HTML Summary of #931 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Role of Newcastle Disease Virus in Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review</epc:when>
Recently, immunotherapy has become a hopeful option for cancer therapy. Taking advantage of pathogens is a well-established method of cancer immunotherapy. It has been shown that the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian virus with oncolytic properties, can be used to treat cancer. This study was designed to offer a comprehensive overview of the role of NDV in cancer treatment, focusing on its attributes, mechanisms of action, preclinical and clinical trials, and future perspectives. A systematic literature review was performed to gather relevant information about NDV in cancer therapy. The inclusion criteria of this study included studies conducted in vitro and in vivo as well as clinical trials to investigate the anti-cancer effects and mechanisms behind the action of NDV. A total of 34 out of 176 academic articles, preclinical studies, clinical trials, and review articles were analyzed to collect key findings. In addition to replicating selectively through invading cancerous cells, NDV has been shown to induce apoptosis in in vivo studies. There is evidence that it can induce apoptosis, induce oncolysis, and modulate immune function in preclinical research. Studies have demonstrated that combining this therapy with chemotherapy, immunotherapies, and targeted therapies provides encouraging results regarding effectiveness and safety in animal models. As a result of NDVâ��s ability to induce immunogenic cell death, the immune system is activated when it reacts to cancer cells. In addition, NDV infection promotes the recruitment and activation of immune cells, especially cytotoxic T cells, by releasing cytokines and chemokines. This dual mechanism triggers anti-cancer immune responses. An interesting new approach to cancer treatment is based on the selective replication of NDV, which can induce immunogenic cell death in tumor tissues and interfere with oncogenic signaling pathways. Research in preclinical models has yielded valuable information, as well as evidence of the effectiveness and safety of clinical trials. A synergistic effect has been demonstrated when chemotherapy, immunotherapies, and targeted therapies are used in conjunction. © Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articleâ��s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the articleâ��s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
The Role of Newcastle Disease Virus in Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review
The Importance and Challenges of Primary Chicken Embryo Liver Cells in Studies of Poultry Viral Diseases: A Review (Text)
The Importance and Challenges of Primary Chicken Embryo Liver Cells in Studies of Poultry Viral Diseases: A Review (Other)
HTML Summary of #934 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Importance and Challenges of Primary Chicken Embryo Liver Cells in Studies of Poultry Viral Diseases: A Review</epc:when>
Primary chicken embryo liver (CEL) cells are derived from the liver tissue of chicken embryonated eggs (CEE) using an aseptic isolation technique and growth under a controlled atmosphere in an artificial environment for cell attachment and proliferation. Although this primary cultured cell has been established for more than six decades, utilization of primary cells is still the preferable medium nowadays as the â��gold standardâ�� due to several advantages over other diagnostic techniques. Cells provide better adaptability of the viruses and easily mimic the natural host environment with high virus titration. The volume of virus suspension could be increased by applying an immortal chicken embryo liver-derived cell line. The current review aimed to highlight the importance and challenges of using primary chicken embryo liver cells in poultry virus studies. Primary CEL cells are widely used as an alternative host for diagnosis of infectious poultry viruses, cultivation and passaging of virus isolates, and vaccine production. Yet, there are some challenges and limitations in handling this primary cell, which requires appropriate facilities and environment to sustain the rapid growth of confluent monolayer cells, as highlighted in this paper. The availability of specific pathogen-free CEE is a major concern due to limited resources globally, thus creating a challenge for vaccine manufacturers to upscale the cultured cells. Future improvement of primary cell culture preparation necessitates new technology by applying cellular microcarrier in the bioreactor machine for efficient cell growth and subsequent routine virus cultivation. This study can help the researchers understand the advantages of primary CEL cells and their applications due to their significant impact on poultry viruses. © Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articleâ��s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the articleâ��s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
The Importance and Challenges of Primary Chicken Embryo Liver Cells in Studies of Poultry Viral Diseases: A Review
Hematological Profile and Aminotransferase Activity in Kintamani Bali Puppies Injected with High Doses of Ivermectin (Text)
Hematological Profile and Aminotransferase Activity in Kintamani Bali Puppies Injected with High Doses of Ivermectin (Other)
HTML Summary of #940 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Hematological Profile and Aminotransferase Activity in Kintamani Bali Puppies Injected with High Doses of Ivermectin</epc:when>
Ivermectin toxicity is known to cause harmful side effects or even death in dogs intolerant to the medication. Intolerant dogs have a mutation in the MDR-1 (Multi-Drug Resistance) gene, so they lack the P-glycoprotein gene that removes drugs from the brain. Therefore, this study aimed to determine ivermectin toxicity in Kintamani Bali puppies by examining physiological responses based on hematological profiles and aminotransferase activity after a high-dose injection. A laboratory observational approach was used, and the samples were 25 healthy female Kintamani puppies based on a veterinary examination, aged 3-6 months, weighing 6.32 ± 1.18 kg, randomly divided equally into five treatment groups. The treatments included a placebo (1ml Aqua Pro Injection) as a control, as well as a single dose of ivermectin injection sequentially 200, 400, 800, and 1600 µg/kg subcutaneously. Blood samples were collected before treatment and after 7 and 14 days post-treatment. The hematologic parameters observed included levels of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, hematocrit, total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, as well as blood biochemistry, namely aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities. Observation results after 4 hours of administration of ivermectin at doses of 800 and 1600 µg/kg of puppies showed changes in behavior, restlessness, depression, tremors, mydriasis, hypersalivation, anorexia, and polydipsia. Meanwhile, the results of hematological examination on the seventh day after ivermectin treatment showed a trend of erythropenia, leukocytosis, a decrease in hemoglobin levels, and an increase in aminotransferase enzyme activity. This condition continued until day 14, but the physiological parameter values showed that the puppyâ��s condition gradually improved compared to the seventh day after treatment. There were significant differences in the blood profile, AST, and ALT of Kintamani puppies injected with ivermectin at doses of 800 and 1,600 ug/kg compared to controls on days 7 and 14 after and before treatment. It was concluded that high-dose ivermectin injections in Kintamani Bali puppies caused toxicity with clinical signs of erythropenia, decreased hemoglobin, leukocytosis, and increased aminotransferase activity. © Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articleâ��s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the articleâ��s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Hematological Profile and Aminotransferase Activity in Kintamani Bali Puppies Injected with High Doses of Ivermectin
The Effect of Deformation Parameters of Clay-Core on Arching Behaviour of Rockfill Dam (Text)
The Effect of Deformation Parameters of Clay-Core on Arching Behaviour of Rockfill Dam (Other)
HTML Summary of #861 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effect of Deformation Parameters of Clay-Core on Arching Behaviour of Rockfill Dam</epc:when>
In zoned embankment dams, horizontal and vertical cracks developing in the upstream-downstream direction for various reasons cause internal erosion, resulting in serious consequences such as dam failure. Hydraulic fracturing is one of the mechanisms that cause these cracks to develop in the upstream-downstream direction. Hydraulic fracturing occurs when the stresses at the upstream face of the core are less than or equal to the hydrostatic stresses originating from the reservoir. The arching phenomenon creates the stress environment in which hydraulic fracturing can develop. In transverse arching, one of the arching types, stress transfer occurs from the core to the transition and shell zones. As a result of this stress transfer, the vertical stresses on the upstream surface of the clay core decrease. This study examines the effect on zoned dam transverse arching behavior in combinations where the geomechanical characteristics of the clay core (Elasticity modulus and Poisson ratio) change, provided that the material characteristics in the transition and shell zones are constant. Numerical analyses were carried out using the finite element method using the maximum cross-section of Çınarcık Dam. As a result of numerical analysis, it was seen that the increase in the elasticity modulus and Poisson ratio values, which are the deformation parameters of the clay core, was effective in reducing the transverse arching potential.
The Effect of Deformation Parameters of Clay-Core on Arching Behaviour of Rockfill Dam
Carrageenan-Induced Acute Inflammation on Back-Skin of Mice: Histopathological Features, Number of Inflammatory Cells, and Expression of COX-2, COX-1, and IL-6 (Text)
Carrageenan-Induced Acute Inflammation on Back-Skin of Mice: Histopathological Features, Number of Inflammatory Cells, and Expression of COX-2, COX-1, and IL-6 (Other)
HTML Summary of #954 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Carrageenan-Induced Acute Inflammation on Back-Skin of Mice: Histopathological Features, Number of Inflammatory Cells, and Expression of COX-2, COX-1, and IL-6</epc:when>
Carrageenan is a sulfated polysaccharide obtained from red seaweed (Rhodophyceae) and can trigger inflammatory activation in both humans and laboratory animals. This study aimed to investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the number of inflammatory cells (neutrophil) involved in a carrageenan-induced acute inflammatory model in the back skin of mice. Paraffin blocks from the back skin of female Swiss mice aged 8 weeks were used in this study. The back-skins of 4 groups of 5 mice in each group were subcutaneously injected with 1, 2, and 4 carrageenan powder in 0.9 buffer saline and 0.9 buffer saline as control. Skin samples on paraffin blocks were taken 6 hours after carrageenan injection. Furthermore, paraffin blocks were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) to count the number of inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemistry staining using anti-COX-2, COX-1, and IL-6 antibodies was performed to determine the role of inflammatory mediators. The results showed that the number of inflammatory cells (neutrophils) increased significantly following an increase in carrageenan concentrations. The COX-2, COX-1, and IL-6 expressed by inflammatory cells increased significantly at carrageenan concentrations of 1 to 4. Histopathological features supported the results obtained from the calculation of the number of inflammatory cells and the expression of COX-2, COX-1, and IL-6. The inflammatory markers consisting of COX-2, COX-1, and IL-6 were expressed on the back skin of mice at 6 hours post-injection with 1 to 4 carrageenan. It can be concluded that carrageenan can be used for an acute inflammatory model of the back skin of a mouse. This inflammation model is intended to facilitate the evaluation or measurement of therapeutic and inflammatory responses when test substances are administered topically or transdermal. © The Author(s) 2023. All Rights Reserved.
Carrageenan-Induced Acute Inflammation on Back-Skin of Mice: Histopathological Features, Number of Inflammatory Cells, and Expression of COX-2, COX-1, and IL-6
Microfeed Incorporated with Probiotic for Aquaculture: A Review (Text)
Microfeed Incorporated with Probiotic for Aquaculture: A Review (Other)
HTML Summary of #944 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Microfeed Incorporated with Probiotic for Aquaculture: A Review</epc:when>
Ensuring the availability of high-quality larvae in sufficient quantities remains a significant bottleneck for the grow-out phase of aquaculture. Over the past century, various alternative dietary solutions for larval stages have been explored, encompassing bacteria, microalgal pastes, yeasts, and various inert microparticles, though with inconsistent outcomes. This review aimed to discuss the innovative integration of probiotics into microfeeds, highlighting encapsulation, coating, and fermentation techniques to propel aquaculture productivity. Microfeeds, which are often nutrient-rich and easily assimilated in powdered or liquid form, play a crucial role in larval fish nutrition. These can be classified into microencapsulated, dry, liquid, and live feeds. The choice of microfeed is pivotal, ensuring appeal, digestibility, and water stability tailored to each larval stage. As probiotics gain popularity in aquaculture for their potential to enhance growth, bolster disease resistance, and improve water quality, their administration methods have diversified. The probiotics can be administered through direct immersion and bath treatments to biofloc systems and feed additives. The results indicated that microfeed incorporated with probiotics showed a positive result impact on the aquaculture industry. © The Author(s) 2023. All Rights Reserved.
Microfeed Incorporated with Probiotic for Aquaculture: A Review
Effects of Microorganism Supplementation on Egg Quality and Production (Text)
Effects of Microorganism Supplementation on Egg Quality and Production (Other)
HTML Summary of #930 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Microorganism Supplementation on Egg Quality and Production</epc:when>
Effective microorganism (EM) is a combination of more than 80 different types of beneficial microorganisms contributing to a wide range of applications in medicine, environment, and agriculture (livestock sector, crop sector, and forestry). This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of EM supplementation on hen day egg production and egg quality traits of Bovans Brown laying hens. At the age of 16 weeks, 144 pullets were purchased from small-scale poultry farms in Debre Markos. The chickens were divided into four treatments, each of which was replicated three times and contained 12 chickens. The treatment groups were T1 (control, commercial ration only), T2 (supplemented 16 ml EM per liter of drinking water), T3 (supplemented 5 Bokashi in feed), and T4 (supplemented 16 ml EM per liter of drinking water and 5 Bokashi in feed). Prior to collecting the actual data, the layer chickens had 2 weeks of adaptation. The hen day egg production was evaluated, and laboratory analysis was conducted to detect the external and internal egg quality. The results showed no significant difference among treatments on hen day egg productions, which ranged from 74 to 80 percent. Among the external egg quality traits, T4 had the highest egg weight, compared to other treatment groups. The T3 and T4 treatments had the highest shell weight. The shell thickness ranged from 0.37 to 0.39 mm. The shape index ranged from 76.81 to 79.11, with no difference among the groups. Moreover, T4 had a significantly higher egg mass than T1 and T2. The specific gravity of an egg ranged from 1.06 to 1.08 g/cm3. Among the internal egg quality traits, the albumin weights of T3 and T4 were significantly higher than those of T1. The highest and the lowest Hough units were observed in T4 and T1, respectively. The highest yolk weight was observed in T4 among the groups. The yolk index ranged from 0.45 to 0.49. The yolk color ranged from 5.27 to 7.33. Finally, overall egg quality parameters in T4 were better than in non-supplemented groups. © The Author(s) 2023
Effects of Microorganism Supplementation on Egg Quality and Production
Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Macropod Progressive Periodontal Disease in Wild Western Gray Kangaroos (Text)
Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Macropod Progressive Periodontal Disease in Wild Western Gray Kangaroos (Other)
HTML Summary of #953 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Macropod Progressive Periodontal Disease in Wild Western Gray Kangaroos</epc:when>
Macropod progressive periodontal disease (MPPD), known as Lumpy Jaw, poses a persistent and potentially fatal threat in Western gray kangaroos when they are kept in captivity. Such a condition leads to the development of osteomyelitis and sepsis in Western gray kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus). This case study presented the inaugural examination of hematological and biochemical aspects of MPPD with a progression toward sepsis in a captive environment. The primary objective of this research was to pinpoint hematological and biochemical indicators associated with severe MPPD in a Western gray kangaroo held in captivity. The study employed various methods, including clinical, radiographical, hematological, and biochemical analyses, as well as microbiological study methods. The case was a 2.5-year-old male wild Western gray kangaroo with fever (39.7 °C), dehydration, dyspnea, tachycardia, and involuntary jaw clenching due to stress and agitation. The kangaroo had a history of lethargy, anorexia, swelling of the soft tissues of the lower jaw on the left side, and tenderness during palpation. A radiograph of the head revealed mandible proliferative lesions. The hematological and biochemical examinations indicated an increase in the total count of leucocytes, level of neutrophils, number of erythrocytes, hematocrit level, and lymphopenia. Increased activity of alkaline phosphatase, amylase, and creatinine elevated azotemia. There was a decrease in the content of albumin, glucose, and total bilirubin. The bacteria, consisting of Fusobacteriaceae spp., Porphyromonadaceae spp., and Bacteroidaceae spp., were found and identified in all samples. However, this comprehensive diagnosis of MPPD based on clinical signs, radiography, and especially hematological and biochemical parameters of the septic process can be helpful in diagnosis and treatment. © The Author(s) 2023. All Rights Reserved.
Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Macropod Progressive Periodontal Disease in Wild Western Gray Kangaroos
The form and content in the architecture of the Yemeni temple gate: the gate of the Baran temple in Ma’rib as a model (Text)
The form and content in the architecture of the Yemeni temple gate: the gate of the Baran temple in Ma’rib as a model (Other)
HTML Summary of #1050 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The form and content in the architecture of the Yemeni temple gate: the gate of the Baran temple in Ma’rib as a model</epc:when>
Architecture has been considered one of the most expressive means for humans since the beginning of settlement. It carries two aspects, one of which is physical, which is the visible and tangible form. The other is non- physical, which is the intellectual content that the form reveals. Yemeni architecture in general and the architecture of temple gates in particular were shaped by the local environment and social culture. The Yemeni person tried to express his visions, beliefs, and perceptions in a unique architectural form that is distinct from others in an embodied and abstract form. The current research attempts to investigate the content that the architectural form of the Yemeni temple gates carried in form and details. The research focuses on tracing the relationship between the idea and the symbol of portal architecture from the stage of embodiment to the stage of abstraction. The research relies on descriptive and analytical approaches and comparative approaches to compare the gates with their counterparts in the kingdoms of ancient Yemen to determine the similarities and differences the extent of influence between the kingdoms. It aims to analyze the architectural form of the gate in a comprehensive and detailed manner to identify intellectual sources. The study reached an understanding of the architectural form of the temple gates and their contents. Yemeni thought was characterized by integration in embodiment and abstraction. The Yemeni architect turned to signs and symbols in order to give the form the character of embodiment through abstraction, while preserving the main features of the inspired form.
The form and content in the architecture of the Yemeni temple gate: the gate of the Baran temple in Ma’rib as a model
NK Decorative arts Applied arts Decoration and ornament
NX Arts in general
TT Handicrafts Arts and crafts
The architectural features of nursing homes affect the residents' sense of home (Text)
The architectural features of nursing homes affect the residents' sense of home (Other)
HTML Summary of #1022 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The architectural features of nursing homes affect the residents' sense of home</epc:when>
Following the increase in the elderly population in Europe and other parts of the world, taking proper care of elderly people has recently become a significant concern in Iran as well. The architecture and design of nursing homes can have a profound impact on the sense of home and well-being of the elderly residing in these facilities. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the relationship between influential architectural factors in the nursing homes of District 10 of Tehran and the sense of home among the elderly. The research method used in this study was descriptive correlational, and data collection was carried out in two stages: library and documentary research, as well as field survey. A purposive sample of 45 elderly residents of nursing homes in District 10 of Tehran were studied using two questionnaires on design and architectural factors of nursing homes and the motivation for living. The results showed that the correlation coefficients of the design and architectural factors and their components concerning lighting, public private and spaces, accessibility, and green spaces with the sense of home among the elderly were 0.521, 0.224, 0.621, 0.413, 0.281, and 0.403, respectively. Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the design aspect has a direct impact on the formation of the sense of home in the elderly, and it is not possible to separate the physical and environmental aspects from the psychological dimension of the elderly.
The architectural features of nursing homes affect the residents' sense of home
Freight Mode Choice with Public Data from the United States (Text)
Freight Mode Choice with Public Data from the United States (Other)
HTML Summary of #855 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Freight Mode Choice with Public Data from the United States</epc:when>
This paper investigates the selection of freight modes by shippers that require transportation for their shipments. A discrete choice multinomial logit model is used to understand the connectivity and integration between mode-choice and the regional socioeconomic environment. The 2012 Commodity Flow Survey and United States Census Bureau data are public sources used to estimate the corresponding model. Analytical results indicate that shipment characteristics, commodity and industry types, and regional socioeconomic attributes provide an enhanced representation of the economic linkages that determine mode choice at the regional level. Meaningful discussion and guidance is provided to understand this complex process.
Freight Mode Choice with Public Data from the United States
Architecture and the politics of nationalism in the era of globalization (Text)
Architecture and the politics of nationalism in the era of globalization (Other)
HTML Summary of #1021 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Architecture and the politics of nationalism in the era of globalization</epc:when>
Architecture is a physical force and a communication medium that speaks to power of value and ideals of a society through effective communication of socio-political messages embedded in its physical configurations. It helps to create the physical as well as the political institutions of establishments in the society that embodies the civilization codes of “law and order.” However, the power of architecture as a political propaganda tool is reminiscent of nationalism in many facets and circumstances. In the past imperial establishments, the ruler used architecture as a control tool to influence the people’s perception of the state and the achievements of the civilization. Whereas, the later civilization of globalization in the 21st century helps to create the institutional establishments of democratic architecture with a renewed strategy to wield power to entertain and gain political and socio-economic supports for the governments and corporate organizations. This review therefore demonstrates the role of architecture in the politics of power and influence vividly evident in the emergent democracies and some current establishments of globalization, a case reference of Dubai.
Architecture and the politics of nationalism in the era of globalization
N Visual arts (General) For photography, see TR
A review of limitations and future challenges in optimization of energy in sustainable high-rise buildings (Text)
A review of limitations and future challenges in optimization of energy in sustainable high-rise buildings (Other)
HTML Summary of #1023 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A review of limitations and future challenges in optimization of energy in sustainable high-rise buildings</epc:when>
Sustainability has been one of architecture’s most significant trends over the last twenty years. Environmental consciousness of professionals has put sustainability at the heart of the architectural profession and has contributed to adopting and implementing sustainable designs on the scale of urban landscapes. Buildings consume 40% of global energy, in which high-rise buildings account for a significant proportion of the total energy used. Hence, present study reviews limitations and future challenges in optimization of energy in sustainable high-rise buildings. Results of this study show that budget limitations, managerial and organizational policies, legal issues, technical and scientific infrastructure, and cultural and geographical aspects are all affecting the widespread use from energy optimization in current high-rise buildings and need to be considered in future studies.
A review of limitations and future challenges in optimization of energy in sustainable high-rise buildings
Assessment of Bacteriological Contamination of Hand-Dug Wells in Rural and Urban Areas in Ondo State, Nigeria (Text)
Assessment of Bacteriological Contamination of Hand-Dug Wells in Rural and Urban Areas in Ondo State, Nigeria (Other)
HTML Summary of #862 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Assessment of Bacteriological Contamination of Hand-Dug Wells in Rural and Urban Areas in Ondo State, Nigeria</epc:when>
The study analysed the total bacteria, total coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations of ten randomly selected hand-dug groundwater wells: five each from Alagbaka (Urban area) and another five from Ijare communities (Rural area) in Ondo State. Collins and Lyne’s pour plate method was used for the laboratory analysis. The laboratory results showed that 30%, 90% and 0% of the groundwater samples were above the WHO drinking water standards for total bacteria, total coliform and E. coli, respectively. Furthermore, the groundwater samples collected in the urban study area had total bacterial and total coliform mean levels of 24 and 15 cfu/100mL respectively compared to those of the rural study area with mean concentrations of 15 and 5 cfu/100mL, respectively. There was however no E. coli in the groundwater of both areas studies indicating the absence of faecal contamination in groundwater. It can therefore be concluded that there is a higher risk of microbial contamination of groundwater in urban land use than in rural land use and that groundwater in the study areas is unsafe for consumption unless it is first treated with appropriate treatment methods. For future research, the contamination level of other micro-organisms such as fungi, viruses, protozoa etc. should be assessed in study areas, as well the sources of microbial contamination in groundwater.
Assessment of Bacteriological Contamination of Hand-Dug Wells in Rural and Urban Areas in Ondo State, Nigeria
PRODUCTIVITY OF THE TSIGAI SHEEP BREED UNDER DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIMENS (Text)
PRODUCTIVITY OF THE TSIGAI SHEEP BREED UNDER DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIMENS (Other)
HTML Summary of #1139 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PRODUCTIVITY OF THE TSIGAI SHEEP BREED UNDER DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIMENS</epc:when>
ABSTRACT: In the present study, the influence of levels of feeding on the formation and development of economic and commercial traits of the Tsigai breed was studied in the conditions of the southern steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted on purebred sheep from birth to 14 months of age. For this purpose, 2 groups of 3.5-4 years old ewes of the first class were selected with 40 heads in each class. It was established that poor feeding of ewes (experimental diet and below standard nutritional levels) and their offspring at the early stage of ontogenesis had a negative effect on the formation and growth of productive qualities of lambs, means of live weight and wool productivity indicators. Qualitative and quantitative indicators of wool were better in ewes obtained from mothers of the control group (who received a balanced diet in accordance with the standard of feeding). Advantage in length of wool at 12 months age was 29.3, shearing of unwashed wool (26.7), washed (26.5), strength of wool at 4 months of age (10.5), and in the 14th month aged was 5. The improvement in housing and nutrition conditions in the control group proved that the counts were better and this had a very positive effect on the productivity of the sheep. In conclusion, full-fledged feeding of ewes of the Tsigai breed ensured good development of offspring at all stages of ontogenesis and contributed to the birth of healthy, viable lambs that are capable of high productivity. Any decline in nutrients of Tsigai sheep breed (from standards of commercial formula) can cause considerable deficiency in productivity of animals. © (2023) Scienceline Publication.
PRODUCTIVITY OF THE TSIGAI SHEEP BREED UNDER DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIMENS
PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF INDIGENOUS CHICKENS OF JORDAN IN COMPARISON WITH NATIVE AND COMMERCIAL BREEDS FOR CONSERVATION AND BREEDING PURPOSES (Text)
PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF INDIGENOUS CHICKENS OF JORDAN IN COMPARISON WITH NATIVE AND COMMERCIAL BREEDS FOR CONSERVATION AND BREEDING PURPOSES (Other)
HTML Summary of #901 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF INDIGENOUS CHICKENS OF JORDAN IN COMPARISON WITH NATIVE AND COMMERCIAL BREEDS FOR CONSERVATION AND BREEDING PURPOSES</epc:when>
Indigenous chickens of Jordan are facing extinction and need genetic conservation because they were unable to commercially compete in poultry industry because of low genetic ability compared to commercial layers. The study aimed to investigate phenotypic and genetic diversity of village chickens in the Jordan using discriminant analyses procedures to provide a basis for sustainable genetic conservation and utilization program to overcome any possible extinction. The sampled chicken population of 578 one-year old chickens (125 males and 433 females) was phenotypically characterized for 15 biometric and plumage traits from major cities of the three regions; Middle, North, and South. The traits variations within and between breeds were detected statistically by stepwise discriminant and canonical-discriminant of uni- and multivariate analyses. The results showed the sampled population as village chickens in Jordan is comprised of indigenous (Baladi) breed (85) and few exotic and commercial breeds. The breeds were distinct and differentiated based on phenotypic traits indicating high genetic variability. The major phenotypic traits that showed significant power to differentiate breeds were comb type, body weight, comb size, earlobe color, wattle size, face color and breast size in males and comb type and size, body weight, face and breast size, leg color and wattle size in females. Recent and past crossings, admixture or migration from exotic and commercial breeds were noted. Moreover, low levels of phylogeographic structure were observed across the studied breeds. In conclusion, there is need to conserve the indigenous breed in situ and in vivo for its adaptive gene pool in coming days of persisted climate change and diseases threats. © The Author(s) 2023
PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF INDIGENOUS CHICKENS OF JORDAN IN COMPARISON WITH NATIVE AND COMMERCIAL BREEDS FOR CONSERVATION AND BREEDING PURPOSES
ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF THE invA GENE OF Salmonella spp. IN DROMEDARY CAMELS (Text)
ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF THE invA GENE OF Salmonella spp. IN DROMEDARY CAMELS (Other)
HTML Summary of #903 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF THE invA GENE OF Salmonella spp. IN DROMEDARY CAMELS</epc:when>
This study was done to determine the percentage of Salmonella spp. in camels from three provinces (Karbala, Al-Najaf and AL-Muthana) in Iraq with different age and both sexes. Total of 250 fecal samples from 250 camels were collected. Diagnostic study depended upon the morphological and cultural properties of the isolates on some selective media like Xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) and Salmonella Shigella (SS) agars which were used in addition to different biochemical tests and molecular assay by PCR for detection of virulence gene invasion A (invA) with Phylogenetic study. The clinical signs appearing on animals infected with Salmonella were greenish diarrhea, loss of appetite with mild systemic reaction. Bacteriological and molecular tests revealed isolation of five Salmonella isolates with invA gene. Two of these isolates were sequenced. The results showed that the first strain S. enterica subspecies typhimurium (LC730846) converged with a group of global strains with one node, as it converged with the global strain that held the clade (MK017934.1 and MT460418.1). While the second local strain S. enterica serovar enteritidis (LC730849) appeared with a new node and it is not affiliated with any association with the world S. enterica strains. It is concluded that the presence of Salmonella spp. in camel needs monitoring in order to minimize the risks of infection exposed the human beings. © The Author(s) 2023
ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF THE invA GENE OF Salmonella spp. IN DROMEDARY CAMELS
MORPHOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVITY PROFILING OF MALE SENDURO GOATS BASED ON AGE DIFFERENCES (Text)
MORPHOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVITY PROFILING OF MALE SENDURO GOATS BASED ON AGE DIFFERENCES (Other)
HTML Summary of #900 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">MORPHOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVITY PROFILING OF MALE SENDURO GOATS BASED ON AGE DIFFERENCES</epc:when>
Senduro goats, a local breed of meat and dairy goats from Indonesia, are recognized for their significance in improving goat breeding and preserving valuable genetic resources. However, limited information exists regarding the reproductive physiology of Senduro goats, which poses challenges to the development of breeding programs and the preservation of genetic resources. This study aimed to investigate the morphological and reproductive profiles of male Senduro goats at different ages, focusing on morphological characteristics, mating behavior, and sperm quality. Morphological characteristics are assessed through body length measurements, while mating behavior serves as an indicator of reproductive behavior. Macroscopic evaluations of sperm quality include assessments of color, viscosity, pH, and volume, while microscopic examinations encompass motility (mass and individual), viability, and spermatozoa membrane integrity. The results showed morphological similarities between juvenile and adult samples, with their testicular size being the only significant difference. Based on macroscopic and microscopic examinations, no significant differences were found between groups. From the results it was concluded that there were no distinct differences in morphological characteristics, mating behavior, and sperm quality between male Senduro goats in the juvenile and adult stages. © The Author(s) 2023
MORPHOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVITY PROFILING OF MALE SENDURO GOATS BASED ON AGE DIFFERENCES
ULTRASONIC-ASSISTED EXTRACTION, ANALYSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF WATER EXTRACT OF PROPOLIS (Text)
ULTRASONIC-ASSISTED EXTRACTION, ANALYSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF WATER EXTRACT OF PROPOLIS (Other)
HTML Summary of #902 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">ULTRASONIC-ASSISTED EXTRACTION, ANALYSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF WATER EXTRACT OF PROPOLIS</epc:when>
Apis mellifera is one species of bee that produces propolis, a resin-based product. Propolis extraction using ultrasonic assistance is being widely studied. Using water as a solvent is a challenge to capture the bioactive components of propolis. This research aimed to determine the physicochemical quality resulting from the processing of propolis extract from Central Java by ultrasonics using water as a solvent at different temperatures and times. Raw propolis is extracted by the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method at low, medium, and high temperatures. Raw propolis is extracted by the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method at low, medium, and high temperatures. The study used nine treatments with three replications. The extraction time was carried out for 10, 20, and 30 minutes. The study used nine treatments with three replications. The results of the analysis showed that propolis extraction at different temperatures and times had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the yield, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC), with an average of 6.7â��13.3, 1.10â��2.21 mg GAE/mL, and 0.07â��0.32 mg QE/mL, respectively. Propolis extraction at different temperatures and times had no significant effect on tannin content, pH, and antioxidant activity. Regarding yield, TPC, TFC, and tannin content values, it was determined that extracting at high temperatures for 30 minutes produced the best results. High temperatures and long timespans are used for the best chance of collecting bioactive components. © The Author(s) 2023
ULTRASONIC-ASSISTED EXTRACTION, ANALYSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF WATER EXTRACT OF PROPOLIS
THE PROCESS OF YAK MILK FERMENTATION BY POLYCOMPONENT STARTER CULTURE (Text)
THE PROCESS OF YAK MILK FERMENTATION BY POLYCOMPONENT STARTER CULTURE (Other)
HTML Summary of #904 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">THE PROCESS OF YAK MILK FERMENTATION BY POLYCOMPONENT STARTER CULTURE</epc:when>
The paper presents a comparative characteristic of the fermentation processes of yak and cow milk samples with a high fat content of 1.5 and 6 with a multicomponent starter culture, which includes Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp Lactis and Streptococcus thermophiles. Acid formation in the process of milk fermentation under the influence of the starter microflora was assessed by the dynamics of changing in titratable (Ac) and active (pH) acidity over time. The course of the formation of the structure of the resulting clot was monitored on a rheometer, fixing the viscosity characteristics of the fermented milk clot in dynamics. It has been established that the increase in acidity occurs more intensively in yak milk in comparison with cow's milk with a corresponding acceleration of the formation of a fermented milk clot. In conclusion, the resulting clots were subjected to sensory analysis with the identification of the best sample, which was fermented yak milk with a fat mass fraction of 6. © The Author(s) 2023. All Rights Reserved.
THE PROCESS OF YAK MILK FERMENTATION BY POLYCOMPONENT STARTER CULTURE
COMPARISON OF RECTAL THERMOMETRY WITH THE ALTERNATIVE UNDERTAIL, AXILLARY, AND INGUINAL TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN SHEEP (Text)
COMPARISON OF RECTAL THERMOMETRY WITH THE ALTERNATIVE UNDERTAIL, AXILLARY, AND INGUINAL TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN SHEEP (Other)
HTML Summary of #894 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">COMPARISON OF RECTAL THERMOMETRY WITH THE ALTERNATIVE UNDERTAIL, AXILLARY, AND INGUINAL TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN SHEEP</epc:when>
This study was conducted to ascertain the suitability of alternative locations for temperature measurement, with reference to rectal thermometry in sheep, using a digital thermometer (DT). The study employed a single-factor multilevel design, considering anatomical location (site) as the main factor. This anatomical location factor had four conditions, including rectal (rectalDTt), undertail (undertailDTt), inguinal (inguinalDTt), and axillary (axillaryDTt) locations. A total of 16 sheep were recruited for the study, and each treatment had eight replicates. The data obtained were descriptively analyzed using means and standard deviations, while inferential statistics included analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearsonâ��s correlation, Tukeyâ��s test, t-test, and Bland-Altman plot. The mean inguinalDTt was the highest (39.51 ± 0.31â��), while the lowest was the mean undertailDTt (38.97±0.45). The effect of anatomical location on temperature readings was statistically significant. The difference between mean rectalDTt and inguinalDTt, or axillaryDTt was not significant. The rectalDTt measurements were significantly correlated with those of each treatment. Equivalence analysis revealed a non-significant bias between the rectalDTt and inguinalDTt pair. The Bland-Altman plot showed a good level of correlation and considerable agreement between rectalDTt and inguinalDTt measurements. In conclusion, temperature measurement at the inguinal location results in readings that are similar to those of rectal thermometry and thus may be of clinical importance in the future, particularly with digital thermometer application in sheep. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
COMPARISON OF RECTAL THERMOMETRY WITH THE ALTERNATIVE UNDERTAIL, AXILLARY, AND INGUINAL TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN SHEEP
MOLECULAR DETECTION AND PREVALENCE STUDY OF Neospora Caninum ISOLATED FROM BLOOD OF ABORTED COWS IN BABYLON PROVINCE OF IRAQ (Text)
MOLECULAR DETECTION AND PREVALENCE STUDY OF Neospora Caninum ISOLATED FROM BLOOD OF ABORTED COWS IN BABYLON PROVINCE OF IRAQ (Other)
HTML Summary of #892 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">MOLECULAR DETECTION AND PREVALENCE STUDY OF Neospora Caninum ISOLATED FROM BLOOD OF ABORTED COWS IN BABYLON PROVINCE OF IRAQ</epc:when>
Neosporosis is internationally documented as one of the most popular diseases in cattle that cause economic losses due to high levels of abortion cases. Although Neospora caninum has been recently classified as a new species, it is still sharing many features with Toxoplasma gondii. This study aimed to detect and Imaging N. caninum in the blood of aborted cows, and prevalence study of N. caninum infection based on age, region and month. Blood samples from 106 aborted cows were collected using the appropriate method. First, these samples were examined microscopically via blood smears using Giemsa dye to diagnose the N. caninum within RBC. A qPCR technique was carried out to detect accurately 18S rRNA gene accurately. The results revealed that 65 of total aborted cases were positive for 18S rRNA detection of N. caninum, although this parasite was found microscopically in 15 of blood smear samples. According to PCR results, the prevalence study showed that the highest rate of infection was signed in the Al-Qassim district (75) followed by the Al-Mahaweel district (74) and decreased in Western Hamza district (48). According to study months, November recorded the peak of infection (88), then August (71), whereas July recorded the lowest percentage (50). The statistical analysis revealed there was no significant difference between the subjected regions and study months based on (P<0.05). On the other hand, it was found that cows less than 3 years old were more susceptible to infection than those over 3 years old. the results revealed that 71 of infected cows were less than 3 years old, while 29 were at age over 3 years old with a significant difference (P<0.005). In conclusion, N. caninum can be detected through blood within RBC. Age and regional factors in cows play an important role in resisting infection with this pathogen. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
MOLECULAR DETECTION AND PREVALENCE STUDY OF Neospora Caninum ISOLATED FROM BLOOD OF ABORTED COWS IN BABYLON PROVINCE OF IRAQ
EFFECTS OF INCORPORATION OF LUPIN FLOUR ON THE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF BEEF BURGER (Text)
EFFECTS OF INCORPORATION OF LUPIN FLOUR ON THE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF BEEF BURGER (Other)
HTML Summary of #897 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECTS OF INCORPORATION OF LUPIN FLOUR ON THE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF BEEF BURGER</epc:when>
Lupin flour could have the potential to be an alternative to meat products due to its nutritional, health, and functional properties. A factorial experiment was performed to investigate the effect of lupin seed flour treatment (without, steaming, and roasting), meat substitution level with lupin seed flour (0, 5, 10, and 15), and the interaction between them on the quality attributes of cooked beef burger by measuring CIELAB color, texture profile analysis (TPA), chemical composition (before and after cooking), and cooking properties (cooking loss, fat and moisture retention, and shrinkage). Based on the results of the factorial experiment, a completely randomized design was used to evaluate the sensory attributes of selected treatments. The different substitution levels mainly affected CIELAB color values, chemical composition, and cooking properties. On the other hand, the interaction effect between substitution level and treatment affected TPA. Considering all results, steaming treatment and a substitution level of 10 were selected as the best treatment to produce beef burgers. In comparison to the control burger, the developed burger had higher values of L* (increased by 21.26), b* (increased by 32.94), and moisture retention (increased by 37.85); lower values of fat (decreased by 16.11), protein (decreased by 6.37), cooking loss (decreased by 43.22), shrinkage (decreased 19.69), and moisture content (decreased by 2.64); and nonsignificantly different values with other tests performed. This study demonstrated that the incorporation of lupin flour in beef burgers could have the potential to substitute meat, create an alternative burger with a high percentage of plant protein, and expand the application of lupin flour in the food industry. © 2023, Scienceline Publication. All rights reserved.
EFFECTS OF INCORPORATION OF LUPIN FLOUR ON THE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF BEEF BURGER
DETECTION AND CHARACTERISATION OF MICROPLASTICS IN ANIMAL FEED (Text)
DETECTION AND CHARACTERISATION OF MICROPLASTICS IN ANIMAL FEED (Other)
HTML Summary of #896 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">DETECTION AND CHARACTERISATION OF MICROPLASTICS IN ANIMAL FEED</epc:when>
Microplastics (MPs) the products of plastic breakdown, are entering the environment as a result of plastic abuse, which are of size less than 5mm. Due to their ubiquitous nature, MPs have become a significant environmental concern. One alarming area of MPs contamination is their potential presence in the feed of edible animal species. Growing research suggests that MPs can enter food products and subsequently move to various trophic levels of food chains. Hence, assessing the threat of MPs contamination in animal feed is important for food security and human health. In this investigation, 36 livestock and poultry feed samples were collected from 12 different farms, MPs were detected using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The Nano particle analyser was used to determine the size distribution, and Pyrolysis-GC/MS was used to quantify MPs. According to the findings, all the feed samples contained a significant amount of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polypropylene (PP), and Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and the particle size ranged from 2.02 to 10.7 μm. Present study has given detailed information on the size distribution of MPs in animal feed, which is thought to enable them to pass through membrane barriers. From the findings it is evident that there are high chances of MPs entering animal feed due to the continuous contact of the feed with plastic-based materials. These MPs can accumulate in the tissues of animals and potentially be transferred to humans through the consumption of meat, milk, and other animal-derived products. Subsequently these MPs can finally bio-accumulate in humans and cause serious health issues. © 2023, Scienceline Publication. All rights reserved.
DETECTION AND CHARACTERISATION OF MICROPLASTICS IN ANIMAL FEED
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND SENSORY QUALITY OF PEKIN DUCK JERKY SONICATED WITH COCONUT SHELL LIQUID SMOKE AND STORED FOR DIFFERENT PERIODS (Text)
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND SENSORY QUALITY OF PEKIN DUCK JERKY SONICATED WITH COCONUT SHELL LIQUID SMOKE AND STORED FOR DIFFERENT PERIODS (Other)
HTML Summary of #889 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND SENSORY QUALITY OF PEKIN DUCK JERKY SONICATED WITH COCONUT SHELL LIQUID SMOKE AND STORED FOR DIFFERENT PERIODS</epc:when>
This study aimed to determine the effect of adding sonicated coconut shell liquid smoke to pekin duck jerky with different storage times at room temperature and vacuum packed. Ground duck jerky is made from Pekin duck meat (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) soaked in coconut shell liquid smoke (CSLS) which has been sonicated for 20 minutes and seasoned with spices such as garlic, galangal, coriander, tamarind, salt, and coconut sugar. A laboratory experiment was done using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments (control: 0 day storage period, T1: 7 days, T2: 14 days, T3: 21 days, and T4: 28 days) and 4 replications. The results showed that the addition of sonicated CSLS with differences in the shelf life of pekin ground duck jerky had a significant effect (P<0.01) on pH, texture, color L, a*, b*, Aw, water content, fat, carbohydrates by difference, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and iodine number. Had a significant effect (P<0.05) on ash content, and had no significant effect on Water Holding Capacity (WHC), protein content, and organoleptic quality. It was concluded that storing ground duck jerky for 14 days at room temperature and vacuum packed did not show any damage to pH, water activity, water content, fat, protein, TBA and iodine number, and did not occur rancidity. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND SENSORY QUALITY OF PEKIN DUCK JERKY SONICATED WITH COCONUT SHELL LIQUID SMOKE AND STORED FOR DIFFERENT PERIODS
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STEAMING UP WITH COLOSTRUM PRODUCTION AT DIFFERENT MILKING TIMES IN HOLSTEINFRIESIAN COWS (Text)
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STEAMING UP WITH COLOSTRUM PRODUCTION AT DIFFERENT MILKING TIMES IN HOLSTEINFRIESIAN COWS (Other)
HTML Summary of #891 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STEAMING UP WITH COLOSTRUM PRODUCTION AT DIFFERENT MILKING TIMES IN HOLSTEINFRIESIAN COWS</epc:when>
Aims of study was to determine the relationship between steaming up with colostrum production at different milking times. The animals used in this research were 36 pregnant Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows. The method used in this research was a case study. Samples were determined with purposive sampling. The selected animal was divided into two groups, T1 (control) and T2 (steaming up). The steaming up was done two weeks prior to calving. The total average of colostrum production from HF cows that were in T2 group was 11.96±2.40 liter/cow/day, while the mean value of colostrum production from HF cows that were in T1 group was 8.05±1.80 liter/cow/day. The average colostrum production that was collected at morning milking from cows in T2 group was 6.38±1.36 liter/cow/day and at afternoon milking was 5.58±1.11 liter/cow/day, significantly higher than T1 group which was 4.22±0.92 liter/cow/day at morning milking and 3.83±0.90 liter/cow/day. The result of the regression equation on morning milking is Y = 2.059 + 2.159x. This means that steaming up treatment can increase colostrum production by as much as 2.159 liters at morning milking. While the result of the regression equation on afternoon milking is Y = 1.753 + 2.078x. This means steaming up treatment can escalate the colostrum production as much as 2.078 at afternoon milking. That equation is used as the basis for estimating the relationship between steaming up with colostrum production at both milking times, with a correlation coefficient (r) between steaming up and colostrum quantity at morning milking is 0.692, which means the relationship is in the strong category. Meanwhile, the relationship between steaming up and colostrum yield at afternoon milking is 0.666, which means the relationship is also in the strong category. It was concluded that steaming up had a very significant effect at both milking times in Holstein-Friesian cows. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STEAMING UP WITH COLOSTRUM PRODUCTION AT DIFFERENT MILKING TIMES IN HOLSTEINFRIESIAN COWS
ASSOCIATIONS OF POLYMORPHISMS IN PROLACTIN AND DOPAMINE RECEPTOR D2 GENES WITH REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS ON SILKIE CHICKEN (Text)
ASSOCIATIONS OF POLYMORPHISMS IN PROLACTIN AND DOPAMINE RECEPTOR D2 GENES WITH REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS ON SILKIE CHICKEN (Other)
HTML Summary of #895 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">ASSOCIATIONS OF POLYMORPHISMS IN PROLACTIN AND DOPAMINE RECEPTOR D2 GENES WITH REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS ON SILKIE CHICKEN</epc:when>
The Silkie chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson) is one of domestic chicken breeds with commercial rearing and breeding potentials for egg production. Prolactin (PRL) and dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) are potential genes associated with reproductive traits in chickens. This study was conducted to analyze the association of PRL and DRD2 insertion/deletion (Indel) polymorphisms with chicken reproductive traits in Silkie chickens. A total of 380 hens from 16â��40 weeks of age were used, with each one being placed in a separate cage. DNA isolation was performed using feather samples, and genotypes were detected using the Indel technique. Two polymorphisms consisting of 24 base pair (bp) Indel in the promoter region of the PRL gene and 22 bp Indel in the promoter region of the DRD2 gene were identified. At both sites, the Indel polymorphisms did not follow the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In addition, with the exception of total eggs over 23 weeks of laying in the PRL gene, the analysis revealed no association between these polymorphic loci and any traits collected. In conclusion, birds with the DD genotype produced the maximum egg yield (73.6 eggs/hen), whereas those with the II genotype produced approximately 9 fewer eggs (64.1 eggs/hen), resulting in laying rates of 45.7 and 40.1, respectively. For enhancing the egg-laying capacity of Silkie chickens via selective breeding, opting for DD birds with DD genotype of PRL Indel is highly recommended. © 2023, Scienceline Publication. All rights reserved.
ASSOCIATIONS OF POLYMORPHISMS IN PROLACTIN AND DOPAMINE RECEPTOR D2 GENES WITH REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS ON SILKIE CHICKEN
HTML Summary of #899 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">THE ORGANOLEPTIC, CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF MAGGOTâ��S FRASS AS ALTERNATIVE POULTRY FEED INGREDIENTS</epc:when>
Maggotâ��s frass is waste from cultivating maggots (insect larvae) which consists of media from maggot cultivation mixed with feces, skin and dead body of the maggots. The aim of the study was to examine the organoleptic quality, chemistry, worm eggs, lead (Pb) as heavy metal and microbiological profile of maggotâ��s frass as an alternative ingredient of poultry feed. A completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments (T1: frass media for household waste, T2: frass media for tofu dregs, and T3: frass media for vegetable and fruit waste) and 7 replications was used. The results showed that there was no effect of different types of media treatment on the organoleptic quality, chemistry and microbiological profile of maggotâ��s frass. The results of chemical analysis of maggotâ��s frass revealed moisture of 26.39 - 46.26, crude protein of 10.92 - 16.37, worm eggs in the dregs media tofu (16 EPG), vegetable and fruit waste (32 EPG), total bacteria of 1.91-4.95 x 108cfu/g, and no any Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates. Maggotâ��s frass which comes from fruit and vegetable waste was recommended. Therefore, maggot feed using fruit and vegetable waste treatment is recommended because of its high crude protein and metabolic energy and also without any E.coli and Salmonella contamination. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
THE ORGANOLEPTIC, CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF MAGGOTâ��S FRASS AS ALTERNATIVE POULTRY FEED INGREDIENTS
EVALUATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS OF HORSES HOUSED WITH GOATS IN INDIVIDUAL BOXES (Text)
EVALUATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS OF HORSES HOUSED WITH GOATS IN INDIVIDUAL BOXES (Other)
HTML Summary of #898 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EVALUATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS OF HORSES HOUSED WITH GOATS IN INDIVIDUAL BOXES</epc:when>
Horses are animals that are affected very quickly by the warnings coming from the environment. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate oxidative stress parameters of horses obtained from saliva analysis related to animal welfare as a result of keeping horses together with goats. While the research was being prepared, three groups were developed based on the time spent sheltering goats and horses. The horses were housed alone in the first and last 15-day groups, and along with the goats in the second 15-day group. In these stages, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) level in saliva were examined. Results showed that MDA and IMA levels decreased, but CAT, GPx, and SOD activities increased. It was concluded that goats had a positive effect on horses according to the oxidative stress parameters examined in terms of animal welfare. However, there is still a need for research that will house horses with various animals in acceptable animal welfare circumstances, analyse their stress metrics, and maintain a high level of welfare. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
EVALUATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS OF HORSES HOUSED WITH GOATS IN INDIVIDUAL BOXES
RELATIVE ANALYSIS OF TWO CITRUS SPECIES VERSUS MAIZE FOR POTENTIAL NUTRITIVE TRAITS AS LIVESTOCK FEED (Text)
RELATIVE ANALYSIS OF TWO CITRUS SPECIES VERSUS MAIZE FOR POTENTIAL NUTRITIVE TRAITS AS LIVESTOCK FEED (Other)
HTML Summary of #890 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">RELATIVE ANALYSIS OF TWO CITRUS SPECIES VERSUS MAIZE FOR POTENTIAL NUTRITIVE TRAITS AS LIVESTOCK FEED</epc:when>
The present study seek to assess the nutritional qualities and the mineral composition of citrus fruits (pulps + peels) of two different species (Citrus clementina and Citrus limon), while comparing its nutritive perspective with Zea mays L (yellow maize) commonly used as livestock feed. Proximate evaluation was done via the method of the association of official analytical chemists (AOAC). Elemental components of citrus species were measured by means of a standard spectrometer. The proximate evaluation of the sample indicated that Citrus limon fruit contained comparable amounts of protein, fibre and lipid, but significantly higher ash contents than yellow maize. While the Citrus clementina was higher in protein and ash content, but comparable moisture content to Zea mays L. Meanwhile, minerals including Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Mn and Fe were significantly higher in the two citrus species than in Zea mays L. Therefore the manuscript revealed that the Citrus clementina and Citrus limon species possess the potentials to be utilized as livestock feed ingredients. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
RELATIVE ANALYSIS OF TWO CITRUS SPECIES VERSUS MAIZE FOR POTENTIAL NUTRITIVE TRAITS AS LIVESTOCK FEED
PARATYPHOID SALMONELLA SEROVARS IN CHICKENS: MOLECULAR DETECTION OF VIRULENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE GENES (Text)
PARATYPHOID SALMONELLA SEROVARS IN CHICKENS: MOLECULAR DETECTION OF VIRULENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE GENES (Other)
HTML Summary of #893 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PARATYPHOID SALMONELLA SEROVARS IN CHICKENS: MOLECULAR DETECTION OF VIRULENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE GENES</epc:when>
Paratyphoid salmonellosis is a serious disease that threatens the poultry industry worldwide, besides its public health hazard. The aims of this study were characterization of paratyphoid Salmonella spp. in chicken flocks of some Egyptian governorates, demonstration of the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated Salmonella spp., and detection of some virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes using recent molecular techniques. A total of 238 organ samples were collected from 52 broiler, layer, and breeder chicken flocks, representing 9 Egyptian governorates. Conventional characterization of Salmonella isolates revealed a total isolation rate of 56.3 (134/238). Moreover, the isolation rates of Salmonella spp. were (49/79; 62), (47/81; 58), (10/18; 55.5), (9/20; 45), (2/6; 33.3), (2/3; 66.7), and (15/82; 53.6) from liver, yolk sac, heart, spleen, caecum, ovary, and dead-in-shell embryos, respectively. A total of 32/238 (13.44) isolates of Salmonella were found. Serological identification revealed presence of S. enteritidis (21.9), S. kentucky (15.6), S. typhimurium (12.5), S. molade (12.5), S. takoradi (9.4), S. wingrove (6.3), S. infantis (6.3), S. tsevie (6.3), S. shangani (3.1), S. bargny (3.1), and S. papuana (3.1). All Salmonella strains (32/32; 100) were resistant to streptomycin, while almost all of them (31/32; 96.9) were susceptible to meropenem. The amplification of 16S rRNA gene of Salmonella isolates using uniplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) generated a specific Salmonella product of approximately 550 base pair. The multiplex PCR revealed presence of invA (100), stn (65.6), and sopB (40.6 ) virulence-associated genes as well as aadA1 (100), blaTEM (59.4), aadB (18.75), and sul1 (28.1) antibiotic resistance genes. In conclusion, virulent paratyphoid Salmonella spp. are circulating in the Egyptian flocks, causing economic losses. Additionally, they became resistant to the most commonly used field antibiotics. Therefore, regular molecular surveillance studies on the circulating Salmonella spp. and their resistance to the used antibiotics are of significant importance. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
PARATYPHOID SALMONELLA SEROVARS IN CHICKENS: MOLECULAR DETECTION OF VIRULENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE GENES
Prevalence and Role of Anemia in Mortalities of Dogs with Babesiosis (Text)
Prevalence and Role of Anemia in Mortalities of Dogs with Babesiosis (Other)
HTML Summary of #961 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Prevalence and Role of Anemia in Mortalities of Dogs with Babesiosis</epc:when>
Anemia is a decrease in red blood cells (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), and hemoglobin in the blood due to hemolysis, hemorrhage, or decreased production of RBC. This research determined the prevalence, characteristics, and role of anemia in association with babesiosis in dogs for one year. A total of 103 dogs positive for babesiosis presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria, were screened for anemia. Among these, 80 dogs displaying anemia were selected. A thin blood smear was used to identify Babesia spp. The PCV and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) were determined using an automatic hemoglobinometer (Acon Laboratories, Inc., San Diego, USA). Temperature, pulse, PCV, Hb, and RBC assessed were correlated with mortalities. The findings indicated that 32 anemic babesiosis were male. The percentage of severe anemia was higher, compared to mild or moderate anemia. The age-specific prevalence of anemia was highest among dogs above 3 years but lowest in the age range of 1-3 years. Small breeds of dogs had a higher prevalence of anemia compared with larger breeds. The mortality rate was 18 (22.5), with severe or microcytic hypochromic anemia being the highest. The temperature and pulse rates of the dogs that died were higher than those of survivors, while the PCV, Hb, and total RBC counts were significantly lower than those of survivors. In conclusion, the prevalence of anemia in dogs with babesiosis in this study was very high. Most of the mortalities recorded in the present study can be attributed to severe anemia and microcytic hypochromic anemia, with mortality rates of 61. and 38.9, respectively. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
Prevalence and Role of Anemia in Mortalities of Dogs with Babesiosis
A Comparative Evaluation of the Alternative Anatomical Sites for Body Temperature Measurement Using Digital Thermometers in Dairy Cows (Text)
A Comparative Evaluation of the Alternative Anatomical Sites for Body Temperature Measurement Using Digital Thermometers in Dairy Cows (Other)
HTML Summary of #962 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A Comparative Evaluation of the Alternative Anatomical Sites for Body Temperature Measurement Using Digital Thermometers in Dairy Cows</epc:when>
The measurement of body temperature is a critical aspect of assessing the health and reproductive status of dairy cows. The standard method used to estimate this temperature is rectal thermometry. However, this technique has limitations, including disease spread, distress, and or risks of rectal injuries. The current study was undertaken to validate the potential of alternative anatomical sites for temperature measurement using a digital thermometer (DT). The study employed a one-factor experimental design considering the anatomical site as the main factor, with four treatments or factor levels, namely rectal (DTtrectal), inguinal (DTtinguinal), axillary (DTtaxillary), and undertail (DTtundertail) sites. A simple random sampling technique was employed to determine the order of site selection for temperature measurement. In total, 26 adult Holstein Friesian-Boran cows with an average weight of 482 kg were used to conduct this study. Each cow was assessed for all the treatments considered in this study. The temperature measured at different anatomical sites was evaluated. The highest mean temperature was observed for rectal temperature (38.27 ± 0.42°C), while that of mean axillary temperature was the lowest (37.75 ± 0.53°C). The mean temperature readings were significantly affected by the anatomical site. There was no significant difference between mean rectal and inguinal or undertail temperature. There was a significant correlation between the rectal and undertail temperature, while no significant correlation was observed between rectal and inguinal temperature. The equivalence analysis between the rectal and undertail pair revealed a significant bias. This bias suggests that the two anatomical sites cannot be used interchangeably, particularly with digital thermometer application in Holstein Friesian-Boran cows. However, the observed mean undertail temperature and its correlation with rectal temperature indicated that the undertail site still holds promise as an alternative site for temperature-taking under conditions different from this study. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
A Comparative Evaluation of the Alternative Anatomical Sites for Body Temperature Measurement Using Digital Thermometers in Dairy Cows
Potential Benefits of Propolis in Large and Small Animal Practices: A Narrative Review of the Literature (Text)
Potential Benefits of Propolis in Large and Small Animal Practices: A Narrative Review of the Literature (Other)
HTML Summary of #967 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Potential Benefits of Propolis in Large and Small Animal Practices: A Narrative Review of the Literature</epc:when>
Propolis is a resinous substance from a mixture of different plant parts and molecules bees compose. This narrative review article explored the application of propolis in large and small animal practices in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Propolis is applied in different pharmaceutical forms. Due to its numerous biological actions, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antiulcer, antitumor, and immunomodulatory, propolis can improve animal health and production. Propolis could be used as an alternative treatment for many diseases, such as mastitis, lumpy skin disease, foot and mouth disease, reproductive disorders, and diarrhea in cattle. Moreover, it could improve weight gain in cattle. In equine, propolis has been used as a local anesthetic and for treating dermatomycosis, chronic bronchitis, and skin wounds. In pigs, propolis has been used to treat enzootic pneumonia and as a prophylaxis for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in weak pigs. Propolis has been applied to treat caseous lymphadenitis and parasitic diseases in sheep and goats. Furthermore, it improves the immune status of kids and the health status of late pregnant ewes. In dogs and cats, propolis has been applied to treat otitis externa, eye diseases, Cushingâ�� s syndrome, and dermatophytosis. In dogs, propolis can treat transmissible venereal tumors. Moreover, propolis positively affects animal production, average daily gain and milk yield in sheep, growth of calves, lambs, and piglets, and cowâ��s milk nutritional quality. On the other hand, the addition of propolis to the diet of feedlot bulls and pigs has no effect on their feed intake, hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters, nutrient digestibility, microbial synthesis, and carcass characteristics. Based on the available clinical studies, propolis has potential benefits for animal health in cattle, equine, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs, and cats. According to the available literature, propolis is a natural promising agent that can alternate conventional pharmaceuticals, particularly antibiotics. It improves animal health and production with no adverse effects and low cost. Most conducted studies on the efficacy of propolis on animal health and production are in vitro. Due to its scarcity, further controlled clinical trials are recommended to evaluate the exact usefulness of propolis in veterinary medicine and to obtain reliable conclusions on the benefits of propolis in animal health and production. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
Potential Benefits of Propolis in Large and Small Animal Practices: A Narrative Review of the Literature
Protection of Khaki Campbell Ducks against Duck Plague Using an Inactivated Duck Plague Vaccine (Text)
Protection of Khaki Campbell Ducks against Duck Plague Using an Inactivated Duck Plague Vaccine (Other)
HTML Summary of #802 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Protection of Khaki Campbell Ducks against Duck Plague Using an Inactivated Duck Plague Vaccine</epc:when>
Duck plague (DP) or duck viral enteritis is a fatal viral disease of ducks taht causes huge economic losses in the duck industry. The present study was performed to determine the immune response and protective efficacy of an inactivated DP vaccine prepared from a local virulent DP virus. A virulent DP virus was obtained from the laboratory repository of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh (Bangladesh). The DP virus (EID50 105.3/ml) was inactivated using 0.04 formalin. The alum (40 g/L) was added to the inactivated DP virus as an adjuvant. A total of 60 Khaki Campbell male ducks aged 17 weeks were randomly divided into three groups. Ducks of groups A (n = 20) and B (n = 20) were vaccinated intramuscularly in the breast muscle with 1 ml of inactivated DP vaccine and a live attenuated DP vaccine, respectively. Ducks of group C (n = 20) were kept as unvaccinated control. Booster vaccination was administered at 2 weeks after primary vaccination. Antibody titers of vaccinated ducks were measured at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-vaccination (DPV) using a passive haemagglutination (PHA) test. Ducks of both vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were challenged with 1 ml virulent DP virus (EID50 104.3/ml) at 28 DPV. Clinical signs, morbidity and mortality, and gross pathological lesions of vaccinated and control ducks were observed for 10 days post-challenge to evaluate the protective efficacy of inactivated DP vaccine. The mean PHA antibody titers of vaccinated ducks of group A at 7, 14, 21, and 28 DPV were 5 ± 0.43, 26 ± 1.71, 43 ± 3.4, and 54 ± 3.28, respectively. Ducks in group B had mean serum PHA antibody titers of 21 ± 1.71, 41 ± 3.28, 52 ± 3.41, and 84 ± 7.25 at 7, 14, 21, and 28 DPV, respectively. No mortality or gross pathological lesions were observed in vaccinated ducks after they were subjected to a challenge infection. Additionally, no significant difference was observed between groups A and B in terms of the challenge infection. The mortality rate of the control group of ducks was 70. Hemorrhage in the trachea and intestine and necrotic foci in the liver were seen in unvaccinated control ducks (group C). Experimentally developed inactivated DP vaccine induced a protective serum antibody titer and conferred 100 protection against virulent challenge infection up to 10 days observation period. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Protection of Khaki Campbell Ducks against Duck Plague Using an Inactivated Duck Plague Vaccine
Effects of Sumac (Rhus coriaria) Seeds and Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes on Wool Growth of Awwasi Male Lambs (Text)
Effects of Sumac (Rhus coriaria) Seeds and Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes on Wool Growth of Awwasi Male Lambs (Other)
HTML Summary of #791 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Sumac (Rhus coriaria) Seeds and Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes on Wool Growth of Awwasi Male Lambs</epc:when>
Nutrition can have a significant effect on animal production. In recent years, many compounds have been widely used as feed additives to stimulate animalsâ�� appetites and consequently improve animal productivity. Exogenous fibrinolytic enzymes are one of these feed additives, which have been used as a digestive stimulant in different types of animals. Sumac (Rhus coriaria) seeds and leaves have been widely used as an appetite stimulant. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the dietary effects of using 0.3 exogenous fibrolytic enzymes and 3 of grinds Rhus coriaria seeds on wool production and some physical traits of the Awassi lambs. Twenty-four male Awassi lambs with an average age of 4 months were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, each containing six animals. The control group received a basal diet equivalent to 2 of body weight. The second group received the same diet supplemented with 3 sumac (Rhus coriaria) powder. The third group received the basal diet supplemented with 0.3 exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (protease, amylase, and cellulase). The fourth group received the basal diet supplemented with both 3 Rhus Coriaria powder and 0.3 exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. The experiment lasted 130 days in the animal house belonging to the College of Veterinary Medicine in Iraq. Some wool traits, including wool staple length, clean wool weight, greasy wool weight, wool fiber length, and wool fiber diameter, were measured. The results revealed significant differences in all measured wool quality traits among the treated groups compared to the control group. The group receiving the diet supplemented with a combination of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes and Rhus coriaria powder exhibited the most significant improvements in wool growth, overall wool production, and physical characteristics. These findings highlight the potential of using exogenous fibrolytic enzymes and sumac as effective appetite stimulants and enhancers of wool production in Awassi lambs. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Sumac (Rhus coriaria) Seeds and Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes on Wool Growth of Awwasi Male Lambs
Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoa in Pigs of Northern Black Sea Region, Ukraine (Text)
Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoa in Pigs of Northern Black Sea Region, Ukraine (Other)
HTML Summary of #792 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoa in Pigs of Northern Black Sea Region, Ukraine</epc:when>
Intestinal protozoan parasites threaten the health and welfare of pigs and impair the sustainability of pig farms, resulting in monetary losses. The present study aimed to determine the distribution of protozoa in large white pigs in the farms of Odesa, Mykolaiv, and Kherson regions in Ukraine. The parasitological surveys were conducted from March 2020 to March 2022 on three types of farms, including four large farms (> 100 sows), six medium farms (25-100 sows), and eight small farms (< 25 sows). A total of 3938 fecal samples from pigs of various age groups, namely 0-2-month piglets, 2-4-month piglets, pigs on fattening, and sows, were examined. Eimeria and isospores were determined using McMasterâ��s method in Raynaudâ��s modification, cryptosporidia by staining smears, blastocysts by the method of ethyl acetate-formalin concentration, and direct microscopy. The recorded protozoa were species Eimeria spp., Cystoisospora suis (syn. Isospora suis), Balantidium coli, Cryptosporidium spp., Blastocystis spp. These species of protozoa were observed in 31.1, 49.0, and 58.8 of pigs in large, medium-sized, and small farms, respectively. The findings indicated that Isospora suis and Eimeria spp. were most commonly present in piglets aged 0-2 months in large (29.7 and 23.0, respectively), medium (32.3, 29.4), and small farms (30.0, 13.5). Balantidium coli was not registered in pigs from large farms, and in piglets 2-4 months old from small farms, the prevalence of infestation was 17.2. Cryptosporidium spp. and Blastocystis spp. were mostly recorded in piglets 2-4 months old from small farms (16.2, 7.1). In large and medium-sized farms of the Northern Black Sea region, mono infestations were recorded the most (73.6, 72.0), while mixed two-component infestation dominated (52.5) small farms. Intestinal protozoa should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intestinal disorders as major factors or concomitant intestinal pathogens. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoa in Pigs of Northern Black Sea Region, Ukraine
Common Infectious and Parasitic Diseases in Goats of Tropical Africa and their Impacts on Production Performance: A Review (Text)
Common Infectious and Parasitic Diseases in Goats of Tropical Africa and their Impacts on Production Performance: A Review (Other)
HTML Summary of #964 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Common Infectious and Parasitic Diseases in Goats of Tropical Africa and their Impacts on Production Performance: A Review</epc:when>
Available scientific studies on goat diseases in tropical Africa are limited to specific regions or specific diseases. This study aimed to review scientific research findings on goat diseases in tropical Africa, focusing on their prevalence and impacts on production performance. All main diseases, such as parasitic, viral, and bacterial diseases, are included in the present study. Studies conducted in different countries have revealed high prevalence rates of gastrointestinal parasites exceeding 95. These parasites resulted in growth retardation and reduced carcass weight at slaughter. Management of mites could decrease production and reproductive function. Trypanosomiasis led to decreased hematocrit levels, abortions, low birth weight, and high kid mortality. The prevalence of trypanosomiasis has been different across regions, ranging from 2.95 to 57.1. Peste des Petits Ruminants has been reported in many African countries, causing significant outbreaks with seroprevalence rates ranging from 30 to 55. Rift Valley fever was characterized by high mortality in adult goats (20-30) and numerous abortions 2 weeks after infection, with seroprevalence rates ranging up to 25.8. Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia indicated high morbidity (approximately 100) and high mortality (80 to 100), with prevalence ranging from 22 to 39 in abattoirs and from 35 to 52 in farms. Brucellosis did not affect the weight of infected animals but reduced litter size in goats and disrupts vital organs. This review highlights the extent of goat diseases in tropical Africa to determine the most appropriate prevention and control strategies. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
Common Infectious and Parasitic Diseases in Goats of Tropical Africa and their Impacts on Production Performance: A Review
Treatment Effects of Chitosan Nanoencapsulated Bromelain against Gastrointestinal Nematodes and Coccidia in Goats of Kenya (Text)
Treatment Effects of Chitosan Nanoencapsulated Bromelain against Gastrointestinal Nematodes and Coccidia in Goats of Kenya (Other)
HTML Summary of #801 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Treatment Effects of Chitosan Nanoencapsulated Bromelain against Gastrointestinal Nematodes and Coccidia in Goats of Kenya</epc:when>
The management of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and coccidiosis of livestock relies on the use of commercial anthelmintic; however, the excessive and frequent usage of these drugs has led to the substantial and dramatic development of anthelmintic and anticoccidial resistance. The present study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic and anticoccidial efficacy of chitosan nanoencapsulated bromelain (CNB) against a wide spectrum of GIN and coccidia in goats. Additionally, the study assessed the safety of CNB in the goats. Bromelain was extracted from the pineapple peels and then encapsulated using chitosan. A total of 20 healthy male goats naturally infected with GIN and coccidia were used. The goats were separated into four treatment groups, with five goats per each. The CNB was orally administered at dosages of 270 and 90 mg/Kg, once daily for 60 days. Fecal egg counts (FEC), fecal oocyst counts (FOC), packed cell volume (PCV), aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), urea, and creatinine were determined weekly. The goats were monitored for clinical signs daily, and their body weight was recorded weekly. The findings revealed that FEC reduction rates in the group that received 270 mg/Kg CNB and the group that received Albendazole were 73.41 and 79.54 at day 7 post-treatment. Also, the reduction of FOC in the group receiving 270 mg/Kg CNB at day 7 (84.12) did not show a significant difference with Diclazuril (82.12). The FEC and FOC were zero (reduction of FEC and FOC was 100) at 28 days of treatment in goats treated with 270 mg/Kg CNB. During the monitoring period, no mortalities and no clinical signs were observed in the treated goats. The PCV, AST, ALT, creatinine, and urea levels for the goats in all groups were within normal limits. No pathological lesions were observed in the goatâ��s organs. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that repeated (60 days) dosages of 270 mg/Kg had anthelmintic and anticoccidial effects and were safe for goats. The study recommends further investigation in a field setting involving more animals. This would allow the development of a novel product for managing helminthiasis and coccidiosis in ruminants. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Treatment Effects of Chitosan Nanoencapsulated Bromelain against Gastrointestinal Nematodes and Coccidia in Goats of Kenya
Effects of Supplementation of Eurca Seeds as Nutraceutical Feed Additive on Productivity, Antioxidant Activity, and Yolk Cholesterol Level of Laying Hens (Text)
Effects of Supplementation of Eurca Seeds as Nutraceutical Feed Additive on Productivity, Antioxidant Activity, and Yolk Cholesterol Level of Laying Hens (Other)
HTML Summary of #925 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Supplementation of Eurca Seeds as Nutraceutical Feed Additive on Productivity, Antioxidant Activity, and Yolk Cholesterol Level of Laying Hens</epc:when>
Eruca sativa (ES) seeds are annual herbs belonging to the Brassicaceae family, widely grown in Mediterranean countries, such as Egypt, Italy, and Greece. The ES is rich in macronutrient components and phytochemical content, exhibiting potent antioxidant properties and functional properties for vital processes such as digestion and absorption of nutrients. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary ES supplementation on laying performance, some blood parameters, and egg yolk cholesterol. A total of 300 Silver Sabahia strain hens, aged 26 weeks, were randomly distributed among four groups of five replicates, each replicate consisting of 15 hens. Chickens in group 1 served as a control and were fed the basal diet. Those in groups 2, 3, and 4 were fed basal diet supplemented with 1, 2, and 3 ESs, respectively. Productive performance traits, egg quality traits, hematological parameters, blood parameters, and yolk cholesterol profiles were performed throughout the study. The study lasted for 13 weeks (until week 39 of chickens' age). Results indicated that 3 ES supplementation had higher results on egg mass (35.68), egg production (21.13), and improved feed conversion ratio by 30.37, compared to all groups. Furthermore, ESs supplementation positively affects the shell thickness and yolk color score compared to the control. Compared to the control, the highest significant blood hemoglobin and lymphocytes were recorded in the groups supplemented with 2 and 3 of ESs. The ES inclusion at a higher level (3) in the diet of laying hens led to significantly enhanced serum high-density lipoprotein and total antioxidant capacity, while reducing cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and malondialdehyde levels, compared to the control diet. Serum calcium, tri-iodothyronine, and alkaline phosphatase levels increased significantly in response to 3 ES treatment, while liver enzymes decreased significantly compared to the control diet. Notably, the addition of 2 and 3 ESs to the hensâ�� ration resulted in reduced egg cholesterol content, which is desirable for consumers seeking healthier dietary choices. Finally, adding 3 ESs to hensâ�� diet improves productive performance, egg quality traits, hematological parameters, blood parameters, and yolk cholesterol profile. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Supplementation of Eurca Seeds as Nutraceutical Feed Additive on Productivity, Antioxidant Activity, and Yolk Cholesterol Level of Laying Hens
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Growth and Production Indicators of Broiler Chickens (Text)
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Growth and Production Indicators of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #926 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Growth and Production Indicators of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
In response to the 2006 EU ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters, researchers have sought alternatives, leading to a focus on the beneficial effects of probiotics on chickens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the probiotic mixture containing Lactobacillus (L.) farciminis CNCM-I-3699 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM-I-3698 on the growth, production indicators, and edible organs of broiler chickens. Three trials were conducted, each consisting of 260 newly hatched Ross 308 broiler chicks (males and females) from a commercial hatchery, randomly allocated into control (n = 130) and probioticsupplemented groups (n = 130). The dietary treatments were basal diet for the control group and basal diet + the mixture of L. farciminis CNCM-I-3699 (2.1010 GU/g) and L. rhamnosus CNCM-I-3698 (2.1010 GU/g) at a rate of 4g/10kg of diet for the probiotic supplemented group. Broilers were raised until day 35 of age, and their body weight and feed intake were recorded on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. All broiler chickens were weighed on the first day. The investigated parameters included average weight gain, feed conversion ratio, cumulative feed intake, and the European Broiler Index. Daily mortality was recorded. The average organâ��s relative weight was calculated for each group on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. Although both groups yielded positive results regarding growth and production indicators, no significant differences were observed between the two groups, suggesting that probiotics may not provide expected outcomes when appropriate conditions and agerelated requirements are met. The probiotic-supplemented group exhibited significantly accelerated growth in the heart and liver. However, relative organ weights did not differ significantly between the groups. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Growth and Production Indicators of Broiler Chickens
Effects of Supplementation of Saviotan Feed (Chestnut Tannin) on Blood Parameters and Yolk Cholesterol Concentration in Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica) (Text)
Effects of Supplementation of Saviotan Feed (Chestnut Tannin) on Blood Parameters and Yolk Cholesterol Concentration in Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica) (Other)
HTML Summary of #921 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Supplementation of Saviotan Feed (Chestnut Tannin) on Blood Parameters and Yolk Cholesterol Concentration in Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica)</epc:when>
Tannins are secondary metabolites and active compounds widely present in plants. Tannins have several properties, such as astringent, antiparasitic, anti-diarrheal, anti-bacterial, and antioxidant. Hence, plants containing tannins are a major study subject for a natural alternative to in-feed antibiotics or antioxidants. The functions of tannin extracted from chestnut wood, namely Saviotan Feed (SF) in poultry, especially in quails, have not yet been fully understood. The current study aimed to examine the effect of SF supplementation on some plasma metabolites, including glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO) concentration, and yolk cholesterol in quails (Coturnix japonica). A total of 100 unsexed quails were divided into 4 groups, with 25 quails in each group. These quails were then placed into 20 experimental pens, with 5 quails per pen. Each treatment was replicated 5 times, and the quails were fed a commercial rations diet supplemented with different SF doses of 0 (control), 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3. Quails were provided with SF supplementation from 14 to 56 days of age. A sample of 40 plasma and eggs were randomly collected and analyzed for GLU, TG, and TCHO. The results indicated no significant effects of SF on plasma GLU and TG concentration, but a significant effect was found regarding TCHO. Moreover, supplementation of SF from 0.1 to 0.3 significantly decreased TCHO concentration in the yolk. In conclusion, it has been determined that supplementation of SF may play a significant role in decreasing TCHO in yolk eggs in quails. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Supplementation of Saviotan Feed (Chestnut Tannin) on Blood Parameters and Yolk Cholesterol Concentration in Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica)
Phylogenetic Analysis and Detection of Drug Resistance Gene in Theileria annulata Isolated from Buffaloes (Text)
Phylogenetic Analysis and Detection of Drug Resistance Gene in Theileria annulata Isolated from Buffaloes (Other)
HTML Summary of #799 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Phylogenetic Analysis and Detection of Drug Resistance Gene in Theileria annulata Isolated from Buffaloes</epc:when>
Bovine theileriosis, caused by Theileria annulate, is disease affecting cattle and buffaloes worldwide. The current study aimed to screen the blood samples of 30 naturally suspected local buffaloes infected with Theileria species. The blood samples were initially examined by light microscopic and then the positive samples were subjected to PCR reactions. All 30 animals indicated clinical symptoms, such as high fever, loss of appetite, the presence of the hard tick, and enlargement of lymph nodes. The amplified products of 18S rRNA were analyzed, along with molecular detection of the drug-binding site alterations and interrelated changes in the cytochrome b (cyto b) gene. Blood smears revealed the presence of infected erythrocytes with Theileria spp. The PCR results confirmed infection in samples when DNA amplified with partial 18S rRNA and cyto b genes. The sequencing data were obtained from GeneBank using the accession numbers OM937770.1, ON207523.1, ON207525.1, ON207524.1, ON207526.1, and ON207527.1 Following BLAST analysis (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool), genetic differences were observed between the Iraqi isolate OM937770.1 and strains from India, Iran, and Turkey. The data obtained from the current study may reveal the genetic alteration of the local strain in the drug-target codons, which are found in one isolate and are different from the GenBank isolates. The results suggest that the failure of buparvaquone therapy might be due to the resistance to cyto b gene. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Phylogenetic Analysis and Detection of Drug Resistance Gene in Theileria annulata Isolated from Buffaloes
Antioxidant Activity of Fermented Red Bean Extract on Sperm Quality of Mice Exposed to Cigarette Smoke (Text)
Antioxidant Activity of Fermented Red Bean Extract on Sperm Quality of Mice Exposed to Cigarette Smoke (Other)
HTML Summary of #965 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Antioxidant Activity of Fermented Red Bean Extract on Sperm Quality of Mice Exposed to Cigarette Smoke</epc:when>
Smoking has a negative effect on fertilization as it decreases sperm quality. The current research aimed to investigate the effect of fermented red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) extract on sperm motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity of white mice (Mus musculus) exposed to cigarette smoke. The red beans were subjected to a 36-hour fermentation process using Rhizopus spp. Then, methanol was extracted by maceration method for 24 hours until maceration was obtained. In this study, 25 male white mice aged 3 months were randomly divided into 5 groups of 5 mice. Group C (negative control) was given 0.5 mL of carboxymethyl cellulose natrium (CMC Na) 1 solution orally without unfiltered cigarette smoke exposure, and group C+ (positive control) was given 0.5 mL of CMC Na 1 solution orally and unfiltered cigarette smoke exposure. Treatment groups T1, T2, and T3 were orally given fermented red bean extract at doses of 26 mg/kg Body weight (BW), 52 mg/kg BW, and 104 mg/kg BW, respectively, and then were exposed to unfiltered cigarette smoke. For 36 days, treatment groups (except the negative control) were subjected to the inhalation of smoke from an unfiltered cigarette containing a nicotine dose of 2.2 mg. The exposure period lasted for 20 minutes each day. Each group was put into a cigarette smoke-exposing box. The sperm motility (observing the forward movement of spermatozoa), the sperm viability (examining the color of the sperm head), and the sperm plasma membrane integrity (observing the tail shape using the hypoosmotic swelling test) were then evaluated. The findings indicated significant differences in sperm motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity of each group with positive control. A dose of 104 mg/kg BW of fermented red bean extract had the best potential to maintain sperm motility (70), viability (82.13), and plasma membrane integrity (61.93) of mice exposed to unfiltered cigarette smoke. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
Antioxidant Activity of Fermented Red Bean Extract on Sperm Quality of Mice Exposed to Cigarette Smoke
Effects of Partnership Patterns on Broiler Chickens Performance in the Agribusiness System of Indonesia (Text)
Effects of Partnership Patterns on Broiler Chickens Performance in the Agribusiness System of Indonesia (Other)
HTML Summary of #935 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Partnership Patterns on Broiler Chickens Performance in the Agribusiness System of Indonesia</epc:when>
The partnership system is standard broiler cooperation in Indonesia. This system influenced agribusiness performance. Hence, the current study aimed to analyze the broiler agribusiness system in Kediri Regency, Indonesia, addressing three main areas, including partnership patterns, production performance, and financial performance. In this study, data was gathered from participants using a cross-sectional survey approach, capturing information from individuals at a specific moment in time. The research was performed from July to September 2022, utilizing both primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through direct observations and interviews with relevant stakeholders, while secondary data was sourced from various databases, such as the Indonesian Statistical Bureau and the Agriculture Ministry of Indonesia. Both types of data were subjected to quantitative descriptive analysis. The results indicated that the broiler partnership pattern consisted of three subsystems, including the chicken production facility providers (day-old chicks, feed, and medicines), the farming unit responsible for production process management (housing, feeding, drinking, and biosecurity), and the marketing subsystem focusing on chicken prices). The farmers in the farming unit showed effective production performance with a feed conversion ratio of 1.69, an index performance of 307, and an average body weight of 2.03 kg/head. Moreover, the farmers demonstrated a profitable financial performance with the revenue-cost ratio exceeding 1, reaching 1.07. © CC BY 4.0
Effects of Partnership Patterns on Broiler Chickens Performance in the Agribusiness System of Indonesia
Effects of Commercial and Homemade Extenders on Post-thaw Sperm Quality and Fertility of Semen from Ethiopian Indigenous Horro Chicken Breed (Text)
Effects of Commercial and Homemade Extenders on Post-thaw Sperm Quality and Fertility of Semen from Ethiopian Indigenous Horro Chicken Breed (Other)
HTML Summary of #794 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Commercial and Homemade Extenders on Post-thaw Sperm Quality and Fertility of Semen from Ethiopian Indigenous Horro Chicken Breed</epc:when>
Cryopreservation of spermatozoa represents an important strategy for in vitro programs designed for the conservation of the genetic material of livestock populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of homemade tris-egg yolk-based and commercial poultry semen extenders on post-thaw sperm quality, fertility, and hatchability of semen from the Ethiopian Indigenous Horro chicken breed. A total of 30 roosters were used for semen collection, and 160 adult hens were inseminated artificially. The collected, qualified, and pooled semen samples were divided into three groups. Each semen sample was diluted with a homemade tris-egg yolk-based extender, Dimethyl-formamide commercial extender, and Commercial Beltsville Poultry Extender. Each extended semen was further divided into 20 sterile tubes as replicates. The extended semen samples were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen using standard procedures. Changes in post-thaw spermatozoa mass and progressive motility, in vitro viability, morphological abnormality, fertility, and hatchability were evaluated. The post-thaw evaluation showed a decrease in the mass and progressive motility, morphologically normal spermatozoa, and an increase in dead spermatozoa and spermatozoa with bent necks, compared to fresh semen. There were significant differences in progressive sperm motility, motility, and in vitro viability between commercial and homemade cryoprotectants. However, no significant difference was observed in mass motility across the extenders. The commercial Dimethyl-formamide extender was found to be the most suitable regarding the proportion of morphologically normal sperm and in vitro viability rate of cryopreserved sperm samples. There were no significant differences across all treatments in terms of fertility and hatchability rate. However, there was a significant difference between the control treatment and commercial extenders in terms of fertility and hatchability. The findings indicated favorable outcomes for a tris-egg yolk-based extender that was prepared locally with regard to the cryopreservation of poultry semen. Additional investigations are recommended to enhance the fertility and hatchability of the semen. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Commercial and Homemade Extenders on Post-thaw Sperm Quality and Fertility of Semen from Ethiopian Indigenous Horro Chicken Breed
The effect of applying change management strategies on job performance and empowering employees of the administrative department of Islamic Azad University (Text)
The effect of applying change management strategies on job performance and empowering employees of the administrative department of Islamic Azad University (Other)
HTML Summary of #1015 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The effect of applying change management strategies on job performance and empowering employees of the administrative department of Islamic Azad University</epc:when>
As businesses evolve to outpace their competitors, so do their expectations of their employees' performance. An employee is a critical element of an organization, and their overall performance can determine its achievements or failures. Because of the constantly changing business environment, every business has its way of doing things. Therefore, these changes require the manager to adopt internal changes that affect employee performance, thus increasing organizational growth, etc. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of change management strategies on job performance and empower employees of electronics administrative department in the Islamic Azad University (IAU). The statistical population of the research included 200 administrative employees of electronics department of IAU (60 female and 140 male). Data analysis was done using SPSS software and regression coefficients. The results showed that the use of change management strategies has a positive and significant effect on the job performance and empowerment of the of the IAU administrative department’s employees from Electronics Unit. For future studies, we suggest to increase the statistical population and perform the study on more diverse organizations.
The effect of applying change management strategies on job performance and empowering employees of the administrative department of Islamic Azad University
HD28 Management. Industrial Management
HD61 Risk Management
L Education (General)
Journal of Educational and Management Studies
HTML Summary of #796 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Protective Role of Rosa damascena Miller Hydroalcoholic Extract on Oxidative Stress Parameters and Testis Tissue in Rats Treated with Sodium Arsenite</epc:when>
Regarding the strong antioxidant properties of Rosa damascene extract, this study aimed to investigate the protective role of Rosa damascene Miller hydroalcoholic petal extract on oxidative stress parameters and testis tissue in rats treated with sodium arsenite. To this end, 30 male rats were divided into five groups, including control, positive control (treated with arsenite), and three groups of patients affected by sodium arsenite with 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 450 mg/kg Rosa damascene extract for 34 days by gavage. The animals were then anesthetized, and the blood samples were collected from the heart. The left testis was removed for histopathological studies. The findings revealed that Sodium arsenite in the positive group caused a significant reduction in TAC, testosterone, and serum Luteinizing hormone (LH) and a significant increase in serum Malondialdehyde. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference among the groups regarding the amount of Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Moreover, the consumption of Rosa damascene extract with sodium arsenite caused a significant increase in testosterone, LH, and FSH compared to the positive control group. Histopathological results showed that in the experimental group receiving a dosage of 300 mg/kg b.w and the control group, the number of sperm tubes increased, and the germinal epitheliumâ��s thickness was appropriate. Daily treatment with Rosa damascene extract with a dosage of 300 mg/kg b.w for 34 days could improve the changes caused by sodium arsenite and reduce Malondialdehyde levels. Thus, it seems that Rosa damascene hydroalcoholic extract can effectively improve the male reproductive systemâ��s function. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Protective Role of Rosa damascena Miller Hydroalcoholic Extract on Oxidative Stress Parameters and Testis Tissue in Rats Treated with Sodium Arsenite
Genetic Diversity and Structure of Local Chicken Populations Raised in Five Agroecological Zones of Togo (Text)
Genetic Diversity and Structure of Local Chicken Populations Raised in Five Agroecological Zones of Togo (Other)
HTML Summary of #1091 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Genetic Diversity and Structure of Local Chicken Populations Raised in Five Agroecological Zones of Togo</epc:when>
Local chickens are the most commonly raised poultry breed in rural areas of Togo, where they help in alleviating poverty and food insecurity in households. The current study aimed to ensure the sustainable management of this genetic resource by evaluating the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and population structure of local chicken populations from five agroecological zones (Dry Savannah, Atakora, Forest, Wet Savannah, and Littoral) in Togo. Genotyping was carried out using 15 microsatellite markers on 30 unrelated individuals per agroecological zone. Genetic diversity was assessed by estimating the number of alleles per locus, observed heterozygosity, unbiased expected heterozygosity, and the polymorphic information content (PIC). The genetic structure of the populations was analyzed using a Bayesian-based approach. The results revealed a high genetic diversity but weak population structuring among local chickens. Moreover, 98 alleles were detected in all population groups, varying from 3 to 12 per locus, with an average of 6.53 ± 2.67 alleles per locus. The PIC values varied from 0.436 to 0.690, with an average of 0.550 ± 0.087. The mean number of alleles per population across all markers ranged from 4.4 ± 1.4 (Dry Savannah) to 5.4 ± 2.0 (Forest). The unbiased expected heterozygosity was high and varied from 0.58 ± 0.07 (Atakora) to 0.65 ± 0.11 (Forest), while that observed varied between 0.46 ± 0.09 (Dry Savannah) and 0.57 ± 0.14 (Forest). All populations deviated significantly from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Across populations, FIT, FIS, and FST fixation indices were 0.150, 0.132, and 0.021, respectively. The genetic distances were low and varied from 0.022 (between Atakora and Dry Savannah) to 0.045 (between Atakora and Forest). These results could be used in potential genetic improvement programs or the preservation of local chickens in Togo.
Genetic Diversity and Structure of Local Chicken Populations Raised in Five Agroecological Zones of Togo
Macromorphological Changes after Spontaneous Co-invasion of Eimeriosis, Histomonosis, and Trichomoniasis in Domestic Chickens (Text)
Macromorphological Changes after Spontaneous Co-invasion of Eimeriosis, Histomonosis, and Trichomoniasis in Domestic Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #968 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Macromorphological Changes after Spontaneous Co-invasion of Eimeriosis, Histomonosis, and Trichomoniasis in Domestic Chickens</epc:when>
The study of macro morphological changes is important for recognizing pathological processes and diagnosing diseases, especially co-invasions. The current study aimed to reveal macro morphological changes during spontaneous co-invasion of Eimeria spp., Histomonas meleagridis, and Trichomonas gallinae in adult chickens. The methods of evisceration and parasitological studies of the carcasses of adult domestic chickens (n = 31) aged 1.5-2.3 years, and (n = 8) are the control group, died of a natural death from farms in the Kharkiv region of Ukraine revealed the peculiarities of manifestations of macro morphological changes in organs, which were characterized by manifestations of pathologies in 100 of cases in dead chickens by changes in the intestines and liver, in 48.39 in the spleen, in 16.13 in the bursa of Fabricius, in 16.13 in the peritoneum and 9.68 in skin. In particular, a mucosal-hemorrhagic inflammatory process was observed in the intestines of chickens with damage to both thin and thick parts (duodeno-jejuno-ileo-typho-cloacitis). This inflammatory process was observed in combination with necrotic-granulomatous lesions on the intestinal wall. A combined lesion of the liver was detected - hepatomegaly on the background of steatosis, multifocal necrosis, and granulomas (shiny, vitreous, with a white center) in the presence of Histomonas meleagridis and Trichomonas gallinae. A granulomatous splenitis was diagnosed in the spleen of chickens. Necrotic-granulomatous lesions leading to cyst formation were identified in the bursa of Fabricius. Additionally, granulomatous lesions originating from trichomoniasis were observed on the peritoneum and skin. These findings highlight the systemic nature of pathological-anatomical changes resulting from the co-infection of eimeriosis, histomoniasis, and trichomoniasis in domestic chickens. This systemic manifestation signifies the occurrence of multi-organ failure and holds valuable diagnostic implications. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
Macromorphological Changes after Spontaneous Co-invasion of Eimeriosis, Histomonosis, and Trichomoniasis in Domestic Chickens
A Review on Production, Reproduction, Morphometric, and Morphological Characteristics of Ethiopian Native Chickens (Text)
A Review on Production, Reproduction, Morphometric, and Morphological Characteristics of Ethiopian Native Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #924 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A Review on Production, Reproduction, Morphometric, and Morphological Characteristics of Ethiopian Native Chickens</epc:when>
Native chickens in Ethiopia are characterized in a fragmented manner for their performance characteristics and genotypes. This review aimed to explore the production and reproduction performance characteristics as well as the morphometric and morphological diversity of Ethiopian native chickens. The investigation was performed on four production performance characteristics, including average egg per clutch, average clutch/hen/year, average egg set/hen, and average egg/hen/year, as well as six reproductive performance characteristics, including age at first laying, age of male chickens at first bred, age at which female chickens are first bred, the reproductive life span of males and females, and fertility percentage in various parts of Ethiopia. Some economically practical morphometric characteristics of native chickens, such as shank length, chest circumference, comb length, body weight, body length, keel length, wattle length, neck length, back length, and morphological diversity, were also summarized. Regarding performance characteristics, there were some variations in eggsâ�� average production performance per clutch (13.56-15.4 eggs) and clutch/hen/year (3.0-4.29) in Ethiopia. The average reproduction performance characteristics of Ethiopian native chickens for age at first laying (6.90-7.13 months), age of male chickens at first bred (5.87-6.15 months), female at first bred (5.20-5.93 months), the reproductive life span of males (3.79 years) and hens (3.56 years), and chicks hatched from set eggs revealed variation across Ethiopia. In various locations of Ethiopia, the average trait values reported for Ethiopian native chickens under the farmerâ��s management differed in terms of morphometric and morphological features. The variation observed in performance characteristics, as well as morphometrics and morphological characteristics for Ethiopian native chicken ecotype population, can help the native breed classification, unique trait conservation, and breed improvement intervention programs. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
A Review on Production, Reproduction, Morphometric, and Morphological Characteristics of Ethiopian Native Chickens
Effects of Partnership Patterns on Broiler Chickens’ Performance in the Agribusiness System of Indonesia (Text)
Effects of Partnership Patterns on Broiler Chickens’ Performance in the Agribusiness System of Indonesia (Other)
HTML Summary of #1089 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Partnership Patterns on Broiler Chickens’ Performance in the Agribusiness System of Indonesia</epc:when>
The partnership system is standard broiler cooperation in Indonesia. This system influenced agribusiness performance. Hence, the current study aimed to analyze the broiler agribusiness system in Kediri Regency, Indonesia, addressing three main areas, including partnership patterns, production performance, and financial performance. In this study, data was gathered from participants using a cross-sectional survey approach, capturing information from individuals at a specific moment in time. The research was performed from July to September 2022, utilizing both primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through direct observations and interviews with relevant stakeholders, while secondary data was sourced from various databases, such as the Indonesian Statistical Bureau and the Agriculture Ministry of Indonesia. Both types of data were subjected to quantitative descriptive analysis. The results indicated that the broiler partnership pattern consisted of three subsystems, including the chicken production facility providers (day-old chicks, feed, and medicines), the farming unit responsible for production process management (housing, feeding, drinking, and biosecurity), and the marketing subsystem focusing on chicken prices). The farmers in the farming unit showed effective production performance with a feed conversion ratio of 1.69, an index performance of 307, and an average body weight of 2.03 kg/head. Moreover, the farmers demonstrated a profitable financial performance with the revenue-cost ratio exceeding 1, reaching 1.07.
Effects of Partnership Patterns on Broiler Chickens’ Performance in the Agribusiness System of Indonesia
Antioxidant Properties and Toxic Risks of Using Metal Nanoparticles on Health and Productivity in Poultry (Text)
Antioxidant Properties and Toxic Risks of Using Metal Nanoparticles on Health and Productivity in Poultry (Other)
HTML Summary of #920 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Antioxidant Properties and Toxic Risks of Using Metal Nanoparticles on Health and Productivity in Poultry</epc:when>
Metal nanoparticles (NPs) are introduced into various fields of science, particularly poultry farming. Supplementation of metal salts in nanoform can increase the profitability of poultry farming by enhancing meat and egg production. Although their toxic parameters pose limitations on their use, many studies have evaluated the effects of using metal NPs in modern poultry farming on health, productivity, metabolism, and especially antioxidant properties. In addition, the peculiarities of their toxicokinetic and recommended doses that meet safety criteria in practical activities are highlighted. Zinc oxide NPs are one of the most studied compounds in the poultry industry. Their pronounced antioxidant properties, positive effect on productivity and homeostasis of poultry, egg quality, and immune status have been experimentally confirmed. Copper oxide NPs have similar properties but are limited in usage due to their toxicokinetics. Silver and gold NPs emerge as potential alternatives to antibiotics and could solve the resistance problem of microorganisms to antibiotics. Other important NPs used in poultry are Iron and Calcium. In their nanoform, these NPs exhibit high bioavailability, which allows for efficient absorption and utilization by poultry. The methods used to synthesize these nanoparticles make it economically viable to incorporate them into poultry diets, reducing overall expenses compared to similar macroergic compounds. Manganese and chromium NPs positively affect sperm survival in turkeys during refrigerated storage and contribute to increasing the resistance of the broiler chickens' body to heat stress and normalizing the metabolism of sex hormones. In conclusion, the application of metal nanoparticles to poultry is a promising research direction, aiming at the development of feed additives, antibiotics, and growth stimulants due to their antioxidant, bactericidal, and immunomodulatory effects. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
Antioxidant Properties and Toxic Risks of Using Metal Nanoparticles on Health and Productivity in Poultry
Semen Cryopreservation Quality and Sperm Kinematics of Saanen Goats Using Different Diluents (Text)
Semen Cryopreservation Quality and Sperm Kinematics of Saanen Goats Using Different Diluents (Other)
HTML Summary of #798 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Semen Cryopreservation Quality and Sperm Kinematics of Saanen Goats Using Different Diluents</epc:when>
The success of artificial insemination (AI) in small ruminants, especially goats, depends on the quality of frozen semen. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the quality of various diluents, including tris-egg yolk, AndroMed®, and OviXcell®, on semen quality. The fresh semen samples from three male Saanen goats aged 1.5-2 years were collected and the mean individual motility of samples was recorded at 70. The cryopreservation quality of the semen was evaluated based on motility, viability, abnormality, and total sperm motility (TSM) indexes. The present laboratory experiment was performed with 3 treatments and 10 repetitions. The treatments in this study were T0 (tris-egg yolk), T1 (AndroMed®), and T2 (OviXcell®). The results showed no significant difference in the parameters of motility, viability, abnormality, and TSM among the treatment group. The kinematic parametersâ�� average path length, velocity curved linear, and linearity showed a significant difference in all treatment groups. However, there were no significant differences among the three groups in terms of motility, progressiveness, distance curved line, distance straight line, average velocity path, velocity straight line, straightness, amplitude lateral head, beat cross frequency, and wobble kinematic parameters. Motility was higher in T2 than in T0 and T1, viability was higher in T1 than in T0 and T2, and abnormality was lower in T1 than in T0 and T2. In conclusion, the use of various diluents, such as tris-egg yolk, AndroMed®, and OviXcell®, can maintain the quality of frozen spermatozoa for over 24 hours, including motility, viability, abnormality, and TSM. Kinematic parameters obtained using CASA IVOS II can provide relevant information for various parameters using these diluents. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Semen Cryopreservation Quality and Sperm Kinematics of Saanen Goats Using Different Diluents
The Protective Effects of Melatonin against Brain Disorders Induced by the Western Diet in Male Rats (Text)
The Protective Effects of Melatonin against Brain Disorders Induced by the Western Diet in Male Rats (Other)
HTML Summary of #795 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Protective Effects of Melatonin against Brain Disorders Induced by the Western Diet in Male Rats</epc:when>
Globally, the effects of consuming a diet rich in fat have gained great concerted attention. The current study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of melatonin on neurological disorders induced by the western diet in rats. A total of 30 adult male white local Iraqi rats were randomly assigned to three equal groups, including control (CC), high-fat diet (HFD), and melatonin group (HFD+M, a high-fat diet along with intraperitoneal injections of 10 mg/kg body weight melatonin) for 8 weeks. The rats were analyzed in terms of brain tissue concentration of dopamine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and nervous system impairment using Barns maze task and elevated plus maze. The findings revealed a significant decline in the dopamine concentration of the HFD group after 8 weeks of treatment, compared to CC and HFD+M groups. Moreover, there was a significant increase in brain TNF-α concentration in the group fed HFD, compared with CC and HFD+M. Finally, the melatonin treatment significantly reduced spatial memory impairments and anxiety induced by HFD in rats. After 8 weeks, the histological examination revealed that brain section rats on an HFD indicated significant congestion in the blood vessels with marked cerebral edema, where there was a dilation of Virchow-Robin space, severe congestion, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the meninges. The HFD+M groups showed normal meninges without any inflammatory exudate except for a few congestions in the blood vessels and no or mild vacuolations in the cerebral tissue, gliosis, and astrocytosis. In contrast, male rats fed an HFD showed vacuolation and aerophagia in brain tissue and a marked aggregation of the proliferation of astrocytes and a proliferation of microglial cells in the cerebral. In conclusion, HFD impairs brain neurotransmitters, induces pro-inflammatory changes, and affects learning ability and memory by changing the structure of neural tissue. Melatonin can ameliorate HFD-caused effects. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
The Protective Effects of Melatonin against Brain Disorders Induced by the Western Diet in Male Rats
Design and Analysis of Ventilation System for Closed Poultry House in Tropical Climate Conditions (Text)
Design and Analysis of Ventilation System for Closed Poultry House in Tropical Climate Conditions (Other)
HTML Summary of #923 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Design and Analysis of Ventilation System for Closed Poultry House in Tropical Climate Conditions</epc:when>
The climate significantly impacts the temperature in different parts of the world. A moderate environment makes it simple to construct a chicken farm. Nevertheless, raising the birds in tropical places where typical temperatures can exceed 40-45°C is difficult because they can only survive at temperatures between 30°C and 35°C. As a result, the current study aimed to design a chicken house with a ventilation and cooling system to prevent excessive heat. The effectiveness of ventilation systems in maintaining liveable and constant conditions at the chicken house was assessed using computational fluid dynamics modeling to mimic internal and external airflows. In this study, a water evaporator-based cooling system and an exhaust fan-based ventilation system were built within a poultry house. ANSYS CFD was utilized to create the design and examine the flow of the model. The findings of each model were generated individually, and these results were compared to those of the other models to determine which model could decrease the temperature within the chicken coop. The proposed model's maximum temperature was around 30-32°C. A poultry house can be constructed using this idea to maintain chickens at a suitable temperature range of 30-32°C. © CC BY 4.0
Design and Analysis of Ventilation System for Closed Poultry House in Tropical Climate Conditions
In Silico and In Vivo Potential of Fraction Red Betel Leaf as an Immunostimulant Agent in White-leg Shrimp (Text)
In Silico and In Vivo Potential of Fraction Red Betel Leaf as an Immunostimulant Agent in White-leg Shrimp (Other)
HTML Summary of #969 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">In Silico and In Vivo Potential of Fraction Red Betel Leaf as an Immunostimulant Agent in White-leg Shrimp</epc:when>
Production of white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in aquaculture with advanced technology ultimately results in high mortality rates in cultivation. Infectious diseases, including Vibrio spp., can cause mortality with necrosis symptoms in the white-leg shrimp hepatopancreas. Disease prevention through enhancing immunity is highly effective in controlling diseases in shrimps. The current study aimed to obtain information on the compounds present in the fraction of Piper (P.) crocatum as an immunostimulant agent used in silico. The current study investigated the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/T), and determined the optimal fraction dosage of P. crocatum when injected as an immunostimulant substance. In this study, in silico analysis was conducted by accessing several servers, while the shrimpâ��s immune response was evaluated using a completely randomized design experiment with four treatments (10 individuals/container) and three replications, including 0 (control), 0.5 μg/g, 1 μg/g, and 1.5 μg/g. The shrimpâ��s immunity was examined by injecting the P. crocatum fraction initially, followed by a second injection 24 hours later. Shrimp hemolymph was collected before the injection of the P. crocatum fraction and 24 hours after the injection. Hemolymph was collected at both time intervals to assess total hemocyte count (THC), differential hemocyte count (DHC), and phenoloxidase (PO) as the immune response of shrimp before and after administration of P. crocatum fraction. Two compounds were confirmed immunostimulant agents in a fraction of P. crocatum, 2-Amino-1,3,4-octadecanetriol, and erucamide. The immune response values for THC (14.17 ± 2.45 Ã� 106 cells mL-1), DHC hyaline (53 ± 4.5), semi-granular cells (52 ± 4.0), and granular cells (43 ± 40), and PO (0.112 ± 0.016 units/λ=490) at a concentration of 1.5 μg/g showed a significant increase in number and percentage compared to the control. These results indicate the presence of two compounds in fraction one P. crocatum, as candidates for immunostimulant agents. Administration of 1.5 μg/g of a fraction of P. crocatum is the appropriate dose as an immunostimulant agent when administered via injection method for white-leg shrimp. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
In Silico and In Vivo Potential of Fraction Red Betel Leaf as an Immunostimulant Agent in White-leg Shrimp
Bacterial Stomatitis in Wild Reticulated Pythons (Malayopython reticulatus) in Malaysia (Text)
Bacterial Stomatitis in Wild Reticulated Pythons (Malayopython reticulatus) in Malaysia (Other)
HTML Summary of #966 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Bacterial Stomatitis in Wild Reticulated Pythons (Malayopython reticulatus) in Malaysia</epc:when>
Bacterial stomatitis is a common clinical form of upper alimentary tract disease in reptiles. The current study aimed to isolate and identify the common aerobes in the oral cavities of wild reticulated pythons and to profile their antimicrobial susceptibility. The need to conduct the current research was deemed in parallel with the increasing demand for snakes as pets and the growing emergence of multiple-drug-resistant organisms. A total of 40 fresh carcasses of the wild-caught reticulated pythons were assessed for the presence or absence of stomatitis. Oral swabs were obtained and cultured on blood and MacConkey agar media. The colony and cellular morphologies of the isolates were evaluated, followed by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against selected antibiotics, namely gentamicin (GEN), amoxicillin (AMX), cephalexin (LEX), azithromycin (AZM), tetracycline (TET), and ciprofloxacin (CIP), commonly used to treat bacterial infection in reptiles. Results indicated that the prevalence of stomatitis was 77.5. Among 153 isolates identified, 76.47 of bacteria were identified from pythons with stomatitis lesions, while 23.53 of bacteria were identified from pythons without stomatitis. Of 153 isolates, Gramnegative bacteria were shown to be predominant (94.77). The three most isolated bacterial species were Aeromonas spp. (14.38), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.76), and Alcaligenes faecalis (8.5). Meanwhile, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (4.58) and Corynebacterium spp. (0.66) were the only isolated Grampositive aerobes. Most isolates were observed to be equally susceptible to GEN and CIP (at 95.8) but highly resistant to AMX (83.3) and LEX (75.0). In conclusion, bacterial stomatitis in wild-caught reticulated pythons was highly prevalent and often seen as a mixed bacterial infection (96.8). The isolated bacteria consistently show susceptibility towards GEN and CIP and thus could be considered the primary line of antibiotics in treating this disease. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
Bacterial Stomatitis in Wild Reticulated Pythons (Malayopython reticulatus) in Malaysia
Genomic Profiling of Multidrug Efflux Pumps and Heavy Metal Proteins in Multidrug-resistant Campylobacter fetus Isolated from Sheath Wash Samples of Bulls in South Africa (Text)
Genomic Profiling of Multidrug Efflux Pumps and Heavy Metal Proteins in Multidrug-resistant Campylobacter fetus Isolated from Sheath Wash Samples of Bulls in South Africa (Other)
HTML Summary of #959 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Genomic Profiling of Multidrug Efflux Pumps and Heavy Metal Proteins in Multidrug-resistant Campylobacter fetus Isolated from Sheath Wash Samples of Bulls in South Africa</epc:when>
A substantial evolution of resistance mechanisms among zoonotic bacteria has resulted from anthropogenic factors related to the application of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine, particularly in contemporary agriculture. This issue associated with the presence of heavy metal-laced protein in zoonotic bacteria should be taken seriously with regard to the health of animals and the general people. To address this issue, the present study employed whole genome sequencing to identify the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus (Cff) and Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv), resistance and virulence genes, as well as heavy metal protein. Based on culture method biochemical testing and PCR amplification using particular primer pairs (MG3F-MG4R and VenSF-VenSR), bacteria were isolated and identified as C. fetus subsp. fetus and C.fetus subsp. venerealis. Subsequently, antimicrobial disc diffusion tests and whole genome sequencing were performed. Isolated bacteria were resistant to tetracycline at 65, amoxicillin, and doxycycline at 60. The resistance was also observed against neomycin at (55), streptomycin (60), and gentamycin (55). Through comprehensive genome sequencing analysis and PCR, multiple efflux pumps linked to multidrug resistance were identified, including the broad-specificity multidrug efflux pump (YkkD), along with CmeA, CmeB, CmeC, and gryA.The genome sequence also revealed genes associated with the production of Cytotoxin (Cdt A, B, and C), adhesion and colonization (VirB10 and VirB9), and invasion (CiaB). In addition, different genomic features in heavy metal resistance included Cobaltzinc-cadmium resistance protein (CzcD), Tellurite resistance protein (TehA), and arsenic efflux pump protein. The findings of the current study revealed that the emergence of bacterial multidrug resistance is increasingly associated with the substantial and growing contribution of Multidrug resistance efflux pumps, as evident in Cff and Cfv. Therefore, it is crucial to tighten the control of Cff and Cfv in livestock production to prevent the transfer of genes resistant to humans through the food chain. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
Genomic Profiling of Multidrug Efflux Pumps and Heavy Metal Proteins in Multidrug-resistant Campylobacter fetus Isolated from Sheath Wash Samples of Bulls in South Africa
Fasciolosis Prevalence in Sacrificial Cattle of West Sumatra, Indonesia (Text)
Fasciolosis Prevalence in Sacrificial Cattle of West Sumatra, Indonesia (Other)
HTML Summary of #960 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Fasciolosis Prevalence in Sacrificial Cattle of West Sumatra, Indonesia</epc:when>
Fasciola is a species of the trematode genus that can cause devastating parasitic disease, namely fasciolosis. Fasciola spp. infestation can affect ruminants, such as cows, buffaloes, goats, and pehhs, resulting in economic losses to livestock owners. Ruminants are the definitive host for the Fasiola species. This cross-sectional research was conducted on Eid al-Adha/Qurban in July 2022 to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis in sacrificial cattle in Fifty Cities District, West Sumatra, Indonesia. A total of 106 samples of sacrificial cattle liver from the abattoir were investigated. Examination of the liver for the presence of Fasciola spp. was carried out by postmortem examination by removing the liver from the abdominal cavity immediately after slaughter. The livers of all sacrificial cattle were examined by systematic inspection, palpation, and incision for Fasciola spp. infestation. Necropsy results of samples indicated the prevalence of Fasciola spp. (36.79), which was higher in female animals, compared to males. Based on age, the highest prevalence was at the age of?> 4 years, (52.95), followed by 2 years (39.62) and 3 years (25.00). Regarding the cattle breed, the highest prevalences were indicated in Pesisir cattle (47.61), Simmental cattle (44.44), Bali cattle (37.28), Ongole cattle (20), and Limousine cattle (14.28). This study revealed that fasciolosis in sacrificial animals in Fifty Cities, West Sumatra, was influenced by gender. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest improving treatment protocol for the prevention of fasciolosis in sacrificial animals. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
Fasciolosis Prevalence in Sacrificial Cattle of West Sumatra, Indonesia
Investigation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Metabentonite and Slag-based Geopolymer Mortars (Text)
Investigation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Metabentonite and Slag-based Geopolymer Mortars (Other)
HTML Summary of #860 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Investigation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Metabentonite and Slag-based Geopolymer Mortars</epc:when>
With population growth and industrialization, fly ash accumulates in ground blast furnace slag and other industrial waste landfills. Since these wastes are the main source of pollution, they are harmful to the environment, but in the production of geopolymer mortar or concrete, these solid wastes are recycled and added to the system. In this study, metabentonite (MB)-slag-based geopolymer mortars, which are formed by calcining bentonite clay with by-products such as blast furnace slag, were prepared. In this context, bentonite was transformed into metabentonite by calcining at 900 °C. In the study, geopolymer mortars based on metabentonite-ground granulated blast furnace slag (100 MB,75 MB+25 GGBFS, 50 MB+50 GGBFS, 25 MB+75 GGBFS) and containing recycling aggregate as fine aggregate was produced in five series and physical (unit weight, water absorption and void ratio) and mechanical tests (compressive and flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity) were carried out on the 7th and 28th days. The conclusions showed that although the highest strength was obtained in the series containing 75 GGBFS+25 MB, remarkable physical and mechanical properties were obtained for the series containing 75 MB+ 25 GGBFS in both molar concentrations, and an environmentally friendly and economical geopolymer composite design could be formed.
Investigation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Metabentonite and Slag-based Geopolymer Mortars
PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND HEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKS FED BIODEGRADED CASSAVA ROOT (Text)
PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND HEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKS FED BIODEGRADED CASSAVA ROOT (Other)
HTML Summary of #830 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND HEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKS FED BIODEGRADED CASSAVA ROOT</epc:when>
To evaluate the performance and hematological indices of broiler chickens fed biodegraded cassava root meal an experiment was conducted in the Poultry Unit of the Livestock Teaching and Research Farm, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State. A total of one hundred and fifty five week-old (Ross 308) finishing broilers was used for the experiment. The birds were assigned randomly into three treatments and each treatment was replicated five times with ten birds per replicate. Cassava root was peeled and chopped into small pieces of about 90-100g and mixed with rumen filtrate (fluid). This was then biodegraded for 24 hours and 48 hours. The biodegraded cassava root meal (BCRM) was used to formulate broilerâ��s diets at a 10 inclusion level to supplement for maize. The diets formulated were T1, T2 and T3 at 0, 10 (24 hours biodegraded) and 10 (48 hours biodegraded) inclusion, respectively. The birds in each replicate were housed in separate cages in a completely randomized design (CRD). All routine management practices, including recommended vaccinations were strictly observed, feed and water were served ad libitum throughout the period of the study which lasted for 28 days. Performance indices such as body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were measured. Hematological parameters were also taken; pack cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HB), white blood cell (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and white blood cell (WBC) differential. Results revealed that there was no significant (P>0.05) differences in all the performance indices measured except in feed intake. Feed intake increased with prolonged period of biodegradation across treatments. There was significant (P<0.05) differences in the lymphocytes, heterophils and eosinophils across treatments. The study concluded that the dietary supplementation of 10 biodegradable cassava root meal at 24 and 48 hours did not adversely affect the performance/health status of broiler chicken, however, for profit maximization, 48 hour biodegradation of cassava is recommended. © (), (). All Rights Reserved.
PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND HEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKS FED BIODEGRADED CASSAVA ROOT
S Agriculture (General)
A NEW READING OF THE ANIMAL PRODUCTION SUBSIDY PROGRAM FOR THE SAHARAN REGIONS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS (Text)
A NEW READING OF THE ANIMAL PRODUCTION SUBSIDY PROGRAM FOR THE SAHARAN REGIONS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS (Other)
HTML Summary of #887 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A NEW READING OF THE ANIMAL PRODUCTION SUBSIDY PROGRAM FOR THE SAHARAN REGIONS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS</epc:when>
Like in other Saharan regions, the Animal Production Subsidy Program has increased the herd in Ghardaia. The creation of breeding farms in such areas has generated specific dynamics through a set of measures that have had different impacts on the components of this sector. The data from the guides addressed to the various stakeholders illustrates that the management of the breeding farms presents shortcomings at different levels and even compromises its sustainability. In our model, around 49 of farmers are renting their farmland, while 51 are managing their own land. A significant portion of breeders (approximately 75.88 ) expresses the view that the main obstacle hindering the progress of these treatments is the insufficient availability of outreach programs. Applying this management results in young breeders abandoning the farms and using them for other activities. As a solution, the government must revise its agricultural programs and investments in order to achieve the long-term development goals that have been set. The measures to be taken are discussed to preserve the sector and explain the substantial investments made by the public authorities. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
A NEW READING OF THE ANIMAL PRODUCTION SUBSIDY PROGRAM FOR THE SAHARAN REGIONS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS
MORPHOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS COMPARISON OF F1 AND F2- BACKCROSS OF LOCAL AND PEKIN DUCKS IN INDONESIA (Text)
MORPHOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS COMPARISON OF F1 AND F2- BACKCROSS OF LOCAL AND PEKIN DUCKS IN INDONESIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #884 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">MORPHOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS COMPARISON OF F1 AND F2- BACKCROSS OF LOCAL AND PEKIN DUCKS IN INDONESIA</epc:when>
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the comparison of morphology characteristics of two groups (the F1 and F2 backcross of Local and Pekin ducks at 25 weeks of age) in South Sulawesi Indonesia. The research material used 14 ducks males and 10 ducks females of F1 and 7 ducks males and 14 ducks females of F2-backcross. The data were measured on live weight, shank length, bill length, bill width, wing length, chest circumference, neck length, drumstick length, and thigh length. All mean differences of quantitative data from those two groups were analyzed using Independent T-test. The results showed that the performance of body dimensions of the F1 and F2-backcross of male and female ducks were relatively equal in performance concerning live weight, shank length, bill length, and neck length, respectively. The highest and positive correlation exists between shank length with chest circumference and drumstick (r=0.78) of F1 backcross female duck, between live weight with shank length (r=0.72) of F2-backcross female duck, between shank length with chest circumference (r=0.59) of F1 male duck and between live weight with chest circumference (r=0.84) of F2-backcross male duck, respectively. All measured variables had a coefficient of variation on both generations were less than 15, except the bill width of the F1 male duck (41.79) and both sex of thigh length of the F1 duck (24.68 and 23.68, respectively). © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
MORPHOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS COMPARISON OF F1 AND F2- BACKCROSS OF LOCAL AND PEKIN DUCKS IN INDONESIA
AN INVESTIGATION ON AVAILABILITY AND EFFICACY OF ANTI-ANEMIC DRUGS FOR PIGS IN THE UKRAINIAN PHARMACEUTICALS (Text)
AN INVESTIGATION ON AVAILABILITY AND EFFICACY OF ANTI-ANEMIC DRUGS FOR PIGS IN THE UKRAINIAN PHARMACEUTICALS (Other)
HTML Summary of #829 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">AN INVESTIGATION ON AVAILABILITY AND EFFICACY OF ANTI-ANEMIC DRUGS FOR PIGS IN THE UKRAINIAN PHARMACEUTICALS</epc:when>
Antianemic drugs are used to prevent anemia, majorly iron deficiency anemia. Drugs with such pharmacological action are especially relevant for piglets, as animals of this species at this age are particularly sensitive to iron deficiency. The present investigation aimed at studying the pharmaceutical market of antianemic drugs registered in Ukraine during 2017-2022. It should be noted that if the drug is registered, it has been checked for safety according to the food industry standards of Ukraine. In 2017, the national market of veterinary iron-containing drugs was represented by 13 drugs from the group QB03A â��Antianemic drugs. Drugs of ironâ��, according to the Ð�Ð¢Ð¡-vet classification. The range of these drugs by 38 was provided by pharmaceutical products of Ukrainian manufacturers: "O.L.KAR-AgroZooVet-Service", "Pharmaton", "Brovapharma", "Experimental production of the Institute of Epizootology", "Biopharm", and "Vetsintez". Imported products (62 ) were represented by Pharmacosmos, Merial, Koofavet, "Vugen B&G", "Biovet Pulawy", "Interchem Verken De Adelaar", and "Bioveta". In general, the modern pharmaceutical market of veterinary drugs in Ukraine during 2017â��2022 was sufficiently provided with antianemic drugs for pigs and mostly imported drugs. The percentage of antianemic drugs of Ukrainian production prevailed in 2020, however the imported drugs of this pharmacological group's was higher in 2022. It can be concluded that the drugs of non-Ukrainian production predominated among antianemic drugs in Ukraine during 2017-2022. Based on the obtained results, we can state that in Ukraine there is a need for the development and/or production of domestic anti-anemic drugs. They must be effective and ensure a reduction in the dependence of the national pharmaceutical market of drugs of this group on foreign manufacturers. © (), (). All Rights Reserved.
AN INVESTIGATION ON AVAILABILITY AND EFFICACY OF ANTI-ANEMIC DRUGS FOR PIGS IN THE UKRAINIAN PHARMACEUTICALS
CAUSES OF HONEYBEE COLONY DECLINE IN SOUTH ETHIOPIA (Text)
CAUSES OF HONEYBEE COLONY DECLINE IN SOUTH ETHIOPIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #828 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">CAUSES OF HONEYBEE COLONY DECLINE IN SOUTH ETHIOPIA</epc:when>
The purpose of this study was to identify the major causes of colony decline in the Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia. Three districts, namely, Yirga Cheffe, Wonago, and Dilla Zuria, were purposefully selected based on beekeeping potential. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data from 135 beekeepers and 15 key informants using a semi-structured questionnaire, focus group discussion, and personal observation of apiary sites. The results revealed two main causes of colony declines in the Gedeo zone: colony management-related factors and natural factors. Seventy percent of beekeepers lack the practical skills to perform hive inspection; 47 do not feed their colonies; 45 spray pesticides and insecticides near their apiaries; and 82 fail to control swarming. As a result, 87 of sampled beekeepers have experienced frequent colony absconding. The trends of colony decline showed an increase from 2008 to 2020 in the highlands and from 2008 to 2017 in the midlands and lowlands, respectively. The number of households facing colony declines increased in all agro-ecologies from 2008 to 2020. Pests and predators, like wax moths, and small hive beetles were take the first rank followed by ants, the inherent behavior of honeybees, a shortage of flora, and the presence of poisonous plants were the top five challenges among natural factors, respectively. Therefore, we strongly recommend educating beekeepers on scientific methods of colony management and planting bee flora. Laboratory diagnostics are required to identify bee diseases. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
CAUSES OF HONEYBEE COLONY DECLINE IN SOUTH ETHIOPIA
EFFECTS OF FODDER TREE LEAVE SUPPLEMENTATION FOR BASAL RICE STRAW DIET ON RUMEN AMMONIA, pH, AND DEGRADATION CHARACTERISTICS IN SHEEP (Text)
EFFECTS OF FODDER TREE LEAVE SUPPLEMENTATION FOR BASAL RICE STRAW DIET ON RUMEN AMMONIA, pH, AND DEGRADATION CHARACTERISTICS IN SHEEP (Other)
HTML Summary of #885 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECTS OF FODDER TREE LEAVE SUPPLEMENTATION FOR BASAL RICE STRAW DIET ON RUMEN AMMONIA, pH, AND DEGRADATION CHARACTERISTICS IN SHEEP</epc:when>
Fodder tree leaves (FTLs) contain high levels of protein, vitamins, and minerals that play a major role in enhancing roughage intake by ruminants, thus improving low-quality roughage utilization. The study sought to measure the rumen degradation characteristics, pH, and ammonia N concentration of sheep fed rice straw (RS) and supplemented with FTLs. Four forest-type rumen-fistulated rams of an average weight of 19.0±1.2 kg were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 4 Ã� 4 Latin Square design. Treatment diets consisted of urea-ammoniated straw (UAS; control), RS+100 Leucaena leucocephala (L), RS+100 Samanea saman (S), and RS+50 L+50 S (LS). Data obtained were subjected to the Glimmix procedure of SAS (2016) and significant means were separated using Tukeyâ��s test at (P<0.05). Treatments differed significantly (P<0.001) in the quantity of readily soluble materials (a), rate of degradation (c), and a potentially degradable fraction (P) with LS recording the highest a, c, and P among the treatments. Ruminal pH and ammonia concentrations differed significantly (P<0.0001) among the treatments. Overall mean rumen pH values obtained ranged from 6.44 in UAS to 6.72 in the S-supplemented diet whereas mean rumen ammonia values ranged from 4.59 mg/100 ml in sheep fed UAS diet to 9.15 mg/L in sheep fed L diet. The pH values obtained imply that the experimental diets could improve rumen fermentation and, hence, serve as good sources of feed for ruminants. The rumen DM degradation values indicated that sufficient amounts of DM would be degraded over a period of time, thus releasing substantial quantities into the small intestines for digestion to provide essential nutrients needed for better animal performance. The rumen ammonia values obtained were higher than the minimum values recommended for optimal microbial activity for animals fed lignocellulosic materials. This indicated that such FTLs could be utilized for moderate animal performance, especially during the dry seasons when natural pastures are qualitatively and quantitatively poor. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
EFFECTS OF FODDER TREE LEAVE SUPPLEMENTATION FOR BASAL RICE STRAW DIET ON RUMEN AMMONIA, pH, AND DEGRADATION CHARACTERISTICS IN SHEEP
EFFECT OF COMBINATION OF Indigofera zollingeriana, BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE, AND TURMERIC ON PERFORMANCE AND HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NATIVE CHICKEN AT STARTER PHASE (Text)
EFFECT OF COMBINATION OF Indigofera zollingeriana, BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE, AND TURMERIC ON PERFORMANCE AND HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NATIVE CHICKEN AT STARTER PHASE (Other)
HTML Summary of #888 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF COMBINATION OF Indigofera zollingeriana, BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE, AND TURMERIC ON PERFORMANCE AND HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NATIVE CHICKEN AT STARTER PHASE</epc:when>
Sources of high protein feed ingredients can come from plants and animals (insects), namely Indigofera zollingeriana syn. and black soldier fly larvae. The addition of natural feed additives to feed can be obtained from turmeric phytobiotics which have many biological activities, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant. This study aimed to determine the effect of the combination of Indigofera zollingeriana syn., black soldier fly (BSF) larvae and turmeric on the performance and histomorphology of the bursa Fabricius in the native chicken starter phase. The research design was completely randomized with 3 treatments and 5 replications with 6 chickens per unit. The combination treatments were P0 (Commercial feed as control); P1 (5 Indigofera flour + 25 BSF larvae flour + 2.5 turmeric flour) and P2 (10 Indigofera flour + 20 BSF larvae flour + 2.5 turmeric flour). Parameters measured in this study were performance (body weight gain, feed consumption, FCR) and bursa of fabricius histomorphology in native chickens. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the combination of Indigofera zollingeriana syn., BSF larvae and turmeric had a significant effect on the performance of native chickens but could not match the performance of P0 (control feed). While the histomorphology of bursa Fabricius showed that the combination of Indigofera zolliengeriana flour up to 10 and 25 black soldier fly larvae flour in the feed identified the medulla width, cortex thickness and follicle width can increase lymphocyte cells to produce antibodies for native chickens at starter phase. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
EFFECT OF COMBINATION OF Indigofera zollingeriana, BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE, AND TURMERIC ON PERFORMANCE AND HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NATIVE CHICKEN AT STARTER PHASE
NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF FIBROUS FEEDSTUFFS IN HIGH-CONCENTRATE DIET WITH SODIUM-BICARBONATE (NaHCO3) ADDITION IN RUMEN-FISTULATED BRAHMAN BULL (Text)
NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF FIBROUS FEEDSTUFFS IN HIGH-CONCENTRATE DIET WITH SODIUM-BICARBONATE (NaHCO3) ADDITION IN RUMEN-FISTULATED BRAHMAN BULL (Other)
HTML Summary of #831 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF FIBROUS FEEDSTUFFS IN HIGH-CONCENTRATE DIET WITH SODIUM-BICARBONATE (NaHCO3) ADDITION IN RUMEN-FISTULATED BRAHMAN BULL</epc:when>
Ruminants are given substantial quantities of concentrate diets full of quickly fermentable carbohydrates to increase output performance; however, it can also lead to digestive disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding NaCHO3 to a high-concentrate diet on the nutrient digestibility of locally available fibrous feedstuffs in the Philippines. The experiment utilized a rumen-fistulated Brahman bull. The treatment diets were the following: Treatment 1 (T1): Untreated rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw; T2: Urea-treated rice straw; T3: Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach); T4: Napier silage; T5: Sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) tops; and T6: Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica L.). The nylon bags containing the treatment diets were incubated in the rumen at two periods: first at a high-concentrate (70 level), and second at a high concentrate added with NaCHO3). The results showed that the nutrient digestibility of locally-available feedstuffs varies significantly (p<0.05) both with and without NaHCO3. The addition of NaHCO3 in a high-fiber diet improves the digestibility of locally available fibrous feedstuffs in terms of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Therefore, the addition of NaHCO3 to a high-concentrate diet has the potential to positively stabilize rumen pH and enhance the nutrient digestibility of locally available fibrous feedstuffs. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF FIBROUS FEEDSTUFFS IN HIGH-CONCENTRATE DIET WITH SODIUM-BICARBONATE (NaHCO3) ADDITION IN RUMEN-FISTULATED BRAHMAN BULL
EFFECT OF FERMENTED PEARL MILLET ON PERFORMANCE, PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, GUT MORPHOLOGY, AND CAECAL MICROBIOTAS IN BROILER CHICKENS (Text)
EFFECT OF FERMENTED PEARL MILLET ON PERFORMANCE, PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, GUT MORPHOLOGY, AND CAECAL MICROBIOTAS IN BROILER CHICKENS (Other)
HTML Summary of #833 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF FERMENTED PEARL MILLET ON PERFORMANCE, PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, GUT MORPHOLOGY, AND CAECAL MICROBIOTAS IN BROILER CHICKENS</epc:when>
This study evaluated the contribution of fermented pearl millet Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br., on growth performance, physiological responses, gut morphology, and microbial composition in the caeca. One hundred and eighty day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were assigned into five groups and were fed starter (d 0 to 21) and finisher (d 22 to 42) diets. Test diets included a control composed of maize-soybean meal (0%); a similar diet with maize replaced with fermented pearl millet (FPM) at 25, 50, 75, and 100%. Results showed that there was no significant improvement in weight gain and feed conversion ratio although more feed was consumed (P = 0.035) as FPM increased in the diet. Carcass yield increased linearly (P = 0.05) at d 42. Bursa of Fabricius quadratically increased (P = 0.02) in weight particularly at 25% and 50% FPM levels at d 21. Concentrations of total protein (P = 0.026) and low-density lipoprotein (P = 0.037) increased linearly as FPM increased in the diets. Proventriculus weight, lymphocyte concentration in the blood, and size of gut segments linearly reduced (P < 0.05). Proventriculus and crop pH improved linearly (P = 0.05) while digesta pH in jejunum reduced linearly (P = 0.005) at d 21. Duodenal villus width increased quadratically (P = 0.008), and the highest width occurred in the 50% FPM group. Furthermore, dietary FPM did not influence caeca Salmonella and Lactobacillus. In conclusion, replacement of maize with FPM had no adverse effect on performance, physiological status, gut morphology and microbial composition of broiler chickens. Our results suggest that FPM represents a potential alternative in diets of broiler chickens without sacrificing the nutritional quality of the diet. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
EFFECT OF FERMENTED PEARL MILLET ON PERFORMANCE, PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, GUT MORPHOLOGY, AND CAECAL MICROBIOTAS IN BROILER CHICKENS
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION OF Brachiaria decumbens HARVESTED AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF GROWTH IN THE HOT HUMID REGION (Text)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION OF Brachiaria decumbens HARVESTED AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF GROWTH IN THE HOT HUMID REGION (Other)
HTML Summary of #886 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION OF Brachiaria decumbens HARVESTED AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF GROWTH IN THE HOT HUMID REGION</epc:when>
The study evaluated the effect of harvesting date on the chemical composition and in vitro gas production of the botanic fractions of Brachiaria decumbens grass. The botanic fractions (leaf, stem and whole plant) of the grass at two maturities (60 and 120 days) in a Completely Randomised Design with factorial arrangement. Samples of botanic fractions at the different harvest dates were chemically analyzed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), fibre concentrations and in vitro gas production (IVGP) was measured at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h to estimate the volume and rate of gas production. Short-chain volatile fatty acids, microbial protein production, in vitro organic matter digestibility, and metabolizable energy were estimated from established models. Organic matter, crude fibre, NDF, ADF and ADL increased (P<0.05) with increasing maturity whereas the reverse was so for CP and ash contents (P<0.05). Significant interactions (P<0.05) between harvest date and plant fraction were present for both â��bâ�� and â��câ�� attributable to treatment effects. Potential gas production â��bâ�� elicited a negative response for all plant fractions across the two harvest dates as the values decreased linearly. The rate at which the gases were produced â��câ�� also induced a negative response for the leaf and whole fraction but a positive one for the stem fraction. The nutrient composition and gas production characteristics of grasses harvested at day 60 offer a better potential as high quality forage for improved intake and digestibility. The leaf fractions performed relatively better based on the afore-mentioned methods of quality assessment at both maturity periods. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION OF Brachiaria decumbens HARVESTED AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF GROWTH IN THE HOT HUMID REGION
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON DAIRY MILK PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA (Text)
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON DAIRY MILK PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #834 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON DAIRY MILK PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA</epc:when>
This study explores the impacts of climate change on milk production in Nigeria. Climate variables such as temperature, rainfall, sunshine, relative humidity and wind speed were considered as covariates in the analysis. Time-series data spanning a period of forty years obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria and FAOSTAT database was used. The autoregressive distributed lag model was used to analyze both the short run and long run impacts of climate change on milk production. As expected, not all the variables were stationary at levels, but they were all significant at the difference suggesting the presence of cointegration. The result showed that the Boundâ��s test F-ratio was statistically significant implies the existence of long run and short run relationships among the variables studied. Present findings revealed that temperature, rainfall and relative humidity had a negative impact on milk production, while sunlight recorded a positive impact on milk production both in the short run and long run estimates. The study concludes that milk production in Nigeria dropped as a result of climate change particularly rising temperature and prolonged rainfall. Agricultural climate smart practices were recommended to mitigate impact of climate change on milk production. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON DAIRY MILK PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA
ORGANIZATION OF HISTO-HEMATIC BARRIERS OF THE LIVER IN ANGLO-NUBIAN GOAT (Text)
ORGANIZATION OF HISTO-HEMATIC BARRIERS OF THE LIVER IN ANGLO-NUBIAN GOAT (Other)
HTML Summary of #832 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">ORGANIZATION OF HISTO-HEMATIC BARRIERS OF THE LIVER IN ANGLO-NUBIAN GOAT</epc:when>
The aim of this research was to establish features of the liver histo-hematic barriers ultrastructural organization of the Anglo-Nubian goat. The liver of an adult Anglo-Nubian goat was used as the material. The work was carried out using the electron microscopic method. Liver parenchymal tissue fragments were selected. These samples were fixed in a 2.0 glutaraldehyde solution on a cacodylate buffer for two hours. They were then washed in three portions of the same buffer and post-fixed in a 1.0 solution of osmium tetrachloride for one hour. The samples were then dehydrated in alcohols of ascending concentration and absolute acetone. The subsequent filling of the fragments was carried out in Epon-812. Ultrathin sections were obtained on an ultramicrotome, contrasted with a 2.0 aqueous solution of uranyl acetate and a solution of lead citrate. The ultrathin sections were photographed with a Jem-1011 electron microscope at magnifications of 2500-3000. Two histo-hematic barriers are detected in the liver of the studied animals hemato-hepatic and hepatobiliary. The hemato-hepatic barrier is formed by the plasmalemma of the apical end of the hepatocyte, covered by the glycocalyx, the perisinusoidal space of the Disse, the endotheliocyte of the sinusoid capillary, as well as Kupfer cells located in the lumen of the latter. The hepatobiliary includes all of the above structures, with the exception of Kupfer cells, as well as the plasmalemma of the basal end of the hepatocyte. All of the above structures in their organization have characteristic species features for Anglo-Nubian goats. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
ORGANIZATION OF HISTO-HEMATIC BARRIERS OF THE LIVER IN ANGLO-NUBIAN GOAT
EFFECT OF DIETARY CRUDE PROTEIN LEVELS ON FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF WAGYU CROSSBRED CATTLE (Text)
EFFECT OF DIETARY CRUDE PROTEIN LEVELS ON FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF WAGYU CROSSBRED CATTLE (Other)
HTML Summary of #883 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF DIETARY CRUDE PROTEIN LEVELS ON FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF WAGYU CROSSBRED CATTLE</epc:when>
The objective of the experiment was to determine the suitable crude protein level on feed intake and digestible nutrient value of Wagyu crossbred cattle from 13 to 20 months of age. The research included 2 experiments. Experiment 1: five male Wagyu x Zebu crossbred cattle (12.2±0.56 months of age and average live weight of 179±24.2 kg, Mean±SD). Experiment 2: five male Wagyu x Zebu crossbred cattle (16.7±1.05 monthâ��s old and live weight of 276±22.0 kg). Two experiments were Latin square design (5x5) with 5 treatments and 5 periods (21 days per period). The treatments were different crude protein levels at 210, 245, 280, 315, and 350 g per 100 kg live weight (LW) corresponding to CP210, CP245, CP280, CP315, and CP350 treatments, respectively. The basal diet was commercial concentrate (1.2 kg/day), fresh Elephant grass (5.0 kg/day) and ad libitum rice straw. While soybean meal was used to adjust the dietary CP level per 100 kg LW in diets. The result showed that increasing nutrient consumption and metabolism energy (P<0.05) but reduced fiber intakes (P>0.05) by increasing crude protein levels. Experiment 1: the CP digestibility was highest (P<0.05) of CP350 (72.8) treatment compare to CP210 (58.8) treatments, while the CP280 (67.2) treatment was not significant (P>0.05) with CP245 (62.9) and CP315 (71.7) treatments. Experiment 2: the highest CP digestibility (P<0.05) of CP350 treatment as compared to CP315, CP280, CP245, and CP210 treatments (80.2, 77.4, 73.1, 70.5, and 65.0, respectively). As a result, increasing CP levels per 100 kg BW could rise nutrients digestibility and digestible value for Wagyu crossbred cattle. The level of 245 g CP per 100kg live weight in Wagyu crossbred cattle diet from 13 to 20 months of age could be recommended for application. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
EFFECT OF DIETARY CRUDE PROTEIN LEVELS ON FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF WAGYU CROSSBRED CATTLE
Campylobacteriosis in Poultry: A Review (Text)
Campylobacteriosis in Poultry: A Review (Other)
HTML Summary of #769 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Campylobacteriosis in Poultry: A Review</epc:when>
Campylobacter is common in poultry, including layer and broiler chickens, geese, ducks, and turkeys. This review aimed to emphasize the prevalence of campylobacteriosis, recent poultry diagnoses, and strict prevention measures. Campylobacter species colonize the intestines of poultry and waterfowl but are generally nonpathogenic in poultry. However, they are the most common bacterial cause of sporadic human enteritis in both developed and developing countries. The main species responsible for campylobacteriosis is Campylobacter jejuni, followed by Campylobacter coli. A number of other Campylobacter species, such as Campylobacter lari, fetus, upsaliensis, and hyointestinalis are rarely associated with campylobacteriosis. Campylobacter hepaticus is the species linked to spotty liver disease in layers and breeder chickens, and it may be the etiological agent of the disease previously known as avian vibrionic hepatitis. The most prevalent infection source for Campylobacter is environmental contamination from poultry droppings. However, some Campylobacter species can be transmitted vertically, either on the surface of eggs or via trans-ovarian transmission in addition to consumption of contaminated feed or water. Due to the non-specific clinical signs such as diarrhea and weight loss, diagnosing campylobacteriosis in poultry requires culture or polymerase chain reaction tests. Little is known about the available vaccine or effective antibiotic treatment due to the rapid development of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, strict biosecurity measures play a crucial role in preventing Campylobacter infection in commercial poultry. These measures include decontaminating housing between flocks, preventing the entry of rodents, wild birds, and animals, and eradicating insects. To control campylobacteriosis and reduce infection risks, it is important to implement efficient on-farm biosecurity measures, conduct regular inspections of workers at meat processing plants and poultry farms, and ensure thorough preparation of chicken meat and eggs before consumption. These measures are vital in minimizing the Campylobacter transmission from both broiler and laying chickens, thereby reducing the risk of foodborne diseases caused by contaminated food. © 2023, Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Toxic Effects of Nanographene Oxide on Testes of Rats (Text)
Toxic Effects of Nanographene Oxide on Testes of Rats (Other)
HTML Summary of #807 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Toxic Effects of Nanographene Oxide on Testes of Rats</epc:when>
The current study aimed to examine the effects of nanographene oxide on the testes. A total of 48 male albino rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. The first, second, third, fourth, and sixth groups were treated with graphene oxide nanopowder at 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mg/kg concentrations, respectively. The sixth group was considered the control group. The results indicated a significant decrease in the average testis weight of rats treated with different nanographene oxide dosages, compared to the control group. There was also a significant decrease in the level of FSH and testosterone of treated rats with nanographene oxide, while there was no significant difference in the level of LH hormone when compared to the control group. The histological examination of the testes in the treated rats indicated hemorrhage, decreased sperm count, decreased thickness of the tubular epithelium, dissociation of connective tissue between the seminiferous tubules, in addition to hematological congestion, necrosis of the tubular epithelium, divergence of the seminal tubules, absence of sperm, shattering of the seminal tubule wall and degeneration sperm-forming cells and edema formation. Using the transmission electron microscope, the findings revealed a range of cellular changes, such as the presence of two-headed spermatids, the destruction of the nucleus membrane, spermatoblasts, the destruction of the cell membrane, and the denting of the nucleus membrane. It can be concluded that the nanographene oxide at 20-60 mg/kg concentrations can have harmful effects on spermatogenesis and normal function testis in rats © 2023, World's Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved.
Toxic Effects of Nanographene Oxide on Testes of Rats
Suitability of Inguinal and Axillary Sites for Temperature Measurement Using Digital Thermometers: A Comparison with Rectal Thermometry in Broiler Chicken (Text)
Suitability of Inguinal and Axillary Sites for Temperature Measurement Using Digital Thermometers: A Comparison with Rectal Thermometry in Broiler Chicken (Other)
HTML Summary of #767 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Suitability of Inguinal and Axillary Sites for Temperature Measurement Using Digital Thermometers: A Comparison with Rectal Thermometry in Broiler Chicken</epc:when>
Core body temperature is one of the physiological parameters that must be assessed during the monitoring of the thermic and or health status of broiler chickens. In this regard, cloacal thermometry is a standard method used for temperature measurement although it has many drawbacks. This study was conducted to explore the suitability of other anatomical sites for temperature measurement using a digital thermometer. This was a single-factor experiment that considered the anatomical site as the main factor with three levels (treatments), including cloacal (DTtcloacal), axillary (DTtaxillary), and inguinal (DTtinguinal) sites. Out of 84 broiler chickens, a total of 28 chickens were randomly selected for temperature measurement. The temperature was measured for each anatomical site, and the readings were analyzed using appropriate statistics. The cloacal site had the highest mean temperature (41.40 ± 0.17°C), while the lowest mean value was observed for the axillary site (41.12 ± 0.19°C). There was no significant difference between the mean cloacal and inguinal temperatures. The cloacal and inguin.al temperature readings were significantly correlated. The results for the cloacal and inguinal temperature measurements revealed a non-significant bias. The agreement interval between these two methods was sufficiently lower than the maximum acceptable difference between the anatomical sites. Both cloacal and inguinal temperature measurements had similar median points. The results indicated an underestimation of the temperature readings for the axillary site compared to those of the other sites. In conclusion, this study has revealed that the application of a digital thermometer using the inguinal site gives temperature readings that are similar to those of the conventional cloacal method. © 2023, Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Suitability of Inguinal and Axillary Sites for Temperature Measurement Using Digital Thermometers: A Comparison with Rectal Thermometry in Broiler Chicken
Zootechnical Performance and Growth Curve Modelling of the Niamey Local Chickens in Niger (Text)
Zootechnical Performance and Growth Curve Modelling of the Niamey Local Chickens in Niger (Other)
HTML Summary of #803 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Zootechnical Performance and Growth Curve Modelling of the Niamey Local Chickens in Niger</epc:when>
The Niamey region in Niger depends on imports to meet its chicken meat needs. Although consumers appreciate local poultry products, they cannot fulfill their needs. The reluctance of modern producers to use local chickens on their farms is linked to a lack of knowledge of the production characteristics of local strains, which have been little studied. Thus, this study aimed to determine the growth profile of traditional chickens from villages in the Niamey region (Niger). In doing so, 100 local chicks whose parents were collected in the surrounding villages of the Niamey region were followed from hatching until the age of 140 days. The chickens were raised in cages with 10 per compartment of 3 m length and 1.5 m width. Food consumption was recorded daily, and weights were measured weekly. The parameters of the growth curves were obtained using the Gompertz equation. Female and male chickens had a significant weight difference at the third week of age. The mean weight of chicks at hatching was 24.90 ± 0.36 g. At the end of the follow-up, males, with a mean weight of 1523.05 ± 26.22 g were significantly heavier than females (1052.73 ± 14.04 g). Over the entire period of the experiment, the average daily gain and consumption indices were 9.5 g/d and 5.12, respectively. Asymptotic weights were 2096.78 g and 1313.26 g for males and females, respectively. The maturation factor of the Gompertz equation was higher in females (0.0196 g/d) than in males (0.0181 g/d), and the inflection age averaged 75 days for both sexes. In conclusion, Niamey local chickens are slow growing and have a high feed conversion ratio compared to the modern broiler or layer strains. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Zootechnical Performance and Growth Curve Modelling of the Niamey Local Chickens in Niger
NETosis and Calcium influx in Dromedary Camel Neutrophils after In Vitro Toll-like Receptor Stimulation (Text)
NETosis and Calcium influx in Dromedary Camel Neutrophils after In Vitro Toll-like Receptor Stimulation (Other)
HTML Summary of #806 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">NETosis and Calcium influx in Dromedary Camel Neutrophils after In Vitro Toll-like Receptor Stimulation</epc:when>
Neutrophilic granulocytes are vital immune cells of the early response to pathogens. They contribute to the antimicrobial response through phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species, cytokine production, degranulation, and NET-formation. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), also known as NETosis, are a critical antibacterial effector mechanism of cells of myeloid effector cells, including neutrophils and macrophages. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that mediate pathogen sensing through the recognition of microbial structures known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The present study aimed to investigate the potential of several TLR ligands that mimic the sensing of bacterial and viral pathogens to stimulate NET-formation or Ca2+ influx in camel neutrophils. Neutrophils were purified from blood and were stimulated in vitro with ligands to TLR4, TLR2/1, TLR7/8, or TLR3. Net-formation was analyzed using the DNA-sensitive dye SYTOXâ�¢ Green and staining with antibodies to the neutrophil's granular enzyme myeloperoxidase. Real-time stimulation-induced Ca2+ influx was measured using the Ca2+-sensitive dye Flou-4 and flow cytometry. Only the TLR4-ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could induce NET-formation in camel neutrophils, while none of the investigated TLR agonists showed a Ca2+ influx-inducing effect in camel neutrophils. The current study represents the first report on the impact of direct activation of TLR on NET-formation and Ca2+ influx in camel neutrophils with a selective effect of LPS on NET-formation induction. Future studies may investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the different responsiveness of bovine and camel neutrophils to TLR stimulation. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
NETosis and Calcium influx in Dromedary Camel Neutrophils after In Vitro Toll-like Receptor Stimulation
Effectiveness of Solenostemma Argel Extract on Dermanyssus Gallinae in Budgies (Melopsittacus undulatus) (Text)
Effectiveness of Solenostemma Argel Extract on Dermanyssus Gallinae in Budgies (Melopsittacus undulatus) (Other)
HTML Summary of #793 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effectiveness of Solenostemma Argel Extract on Dermanyssus Gallinae in Budgies (Melopsittacus undulatus)</epc:when>
Dermanyssus gallinae (D. gallinae) is an important ectoparasite in veterinary and human medicine due to its role as a vector of infectious disease-causing pathogens and its economic impact. The present study reported the infestation of 45 budgies (Melopsittacus undulatus) reared in an aviary at the Jardin dâ��essai Zoo, Algiers, Algeria, showing signs of pruritus with sores due to itching. Skin samples were taken from the 45 budgies (26 females, 19 males), 26 nests, and an aviary containing the budgies were microscopically analyzed. The findings indicated the presence of D. gallinae (hematophagous mite) in all budgies and nests. To fight against this red mite, a treatment based on the Solenostemma argel (S. argel) aqueous extract was implemented. The S. argel aqueous extract 2 showed a fast and effective influence on D. gallinae mites present in the budgies, nests, and aviary. The aqueous extract of S. argel leaves could be a good candidate in the fight against red mites. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Effectiveness of Solenostemma Argel Extract on Dermanyssus Gallinae in Budgies (Melopsittacus undulatus)
Effects of Bioherbal Compounds on Performance and Intestinal Characteristics of Laying Chickens (Text)
Effects of Bioherbal Compounds on Performance and Intestinal Characteristics of Laying Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #1056 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Bioherbal Compounds on Performance and Intestinal Characteristics of Laying Chickens</epc:when>
Since the European Union banned the use of antibiotic growth promoters in poultry feed in 2006 (EC Regulation No 1831/2003), alternative feed additives have been investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a bioherbal combination of probiotics and phytobiotics as a feed additive in drinking water on the performance and intestinal characteristics of male laying chickens. The study was performed on 200 male laying chickens for 60 days. This research method was a field experiment with a completely randomized design, consisting of four treatments and five replications. The treatments were T0 (drinking water without bioherbal, control), T1 (control + bioherbal code 1 M), T2 (control + bioherbal code 2 H), and T3 (control + bioherbal combination of 1M and 2H). The investigated parameters included growth performance and intestinal profile of the male laying chickens. The addition of bioherbal increased the number of villi in the intestines of the male laying chickens; however, there was no significant difference among other parameters. It can be concluded that the addition of bioherbal code 2H as a feed additive with a composition of herbal leaves can improve the performance and intestinal characteristics of male laying chickens.
Effects of Bioherbal Compounds on Performance and Intestinal Characteristics of Laying Chickens
Effects of Cyperus alternifolius, Echinochloa pyramidalis, Typha angustifolia, and Imperata cylindrica on Growth Performance, Feed Digestibility, Gut Microbiota, Haemato-biochemical and Immunity Parameters in Broiler Chickens (Text)
Effects of Cyperus alternifolius, Echinochloa pyramidalis, Typha angustifolia, and Imperata cylindrica on Growth Performance, Feed Digestibility, Gut Microbiota, Haemato-biochemical and Immunity Parameters in Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #1065 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Cyperus alternifolius, Echinochloa pyramidalis, Typha angustifolia, and Imperata cylindrica on Growth Performance, Feed Digestibility, Gut Microbiota, Haemato-biochemical and Immunity Parameters in Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
The rhizomes of Cyperus (C.) alternifolius, Echinochloa (E.) pyramidalis, Typha (T.) angustifolia, and Imperata (I.) cylindrica are rich in secondary metabolites and have diverse pharmacological activities. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary C. alternifolius, E. pyramidalis, T. angustifolia, and I. cylindrical rhizomes on the performance of broiler chickens. A total of 384 day-old chicks were randomly assigned to six treatment groups (each treatment replicated four times). The first group received a basal diet (negative control), and the second group received a basal diet with 1 gr of antibiotic (Doxicycline, positive control). Other groups received a basal diet with 2 gr of each phyto-additives/kg feed. The results revealed that treatments had no significant effects on feed intake and carcass yield in chickens. The C. alternifolius and T. angustifolia significantly increased live weight and weight gain, and decreased feed conversion ratio, compared to negative control. The addition of C. alternifolius, T. angustifolia, and I. cylindrica to broilers’ diet significantly increased the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein, compared to the negative control. Compared to the negative control, the lactic acid bacteria count significantly increased with the incorporation of T. angustifolia and I. cylindrica. The granulocytes count and globulins concentration were not affected by the different treatments. However, the lymphocyte count was significantly decreased with the diet containing E. pyramidalis compared to the negative and positive controls, and the diets containing C. alternifolius and T. angustifolia. The spleen and bursa weights and volumes significantly increased in all groups of chickens fed on phyto-additives, compared to the negative control. Except for haematocrit, which significantly increased with C. alternifolius and T. angustifolia in the treatments compared to the negative control, the feed additives did not significantly affect the hematological parameters. Compared to the negative control, T. angustifolia and I. cylindrica significantly increased HDL-cholesterol concentration in broiler chickens’ serum, while all treatment groups were comparable for all the other biochemical parameters. Incorporating 2 g of C. alternifolius and T. angustifolia in broiler chickens’ feed improves feed digestibility, enhances the population of lactic acid bacteria in the gut, and causes subsequent improvement in growth performance.
Effects of Cyperus alternifolius, Echinochloa pyramidalis, Typha angustifolia, and Imperata cylindrica on Growth Performance, Feed Digestibility, Gut Microbiota, Haemato-biochemical and Immunity Parameters in Broiler Chickens
Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Species Isolated from Table Eggs in Morocco (Text)
Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Species Isolated from Table Eggs in Morocco (Other)
HTML Summary of #808 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Species Isolated from Table Eggs in Morocco</epc:when>
The development of antimicrobial resistance has become a severe global public health emergency. Foods of animal origin are considered possible drivers of resistant bacteria, including Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella spp. It is associated with the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, resulting in the inability to treat patients infected with antibiotic-resistant pathogens and a high risk of transmission of these resistant pathogens. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of E. coli and Salmonella spp. in raw table eggs in Morocco. A total of 870 table eggs resulting from 290 samples (3 eggs = 1 sample), were purchased from ambulatory sellers, street vendors, kiosks, and neighborhood markets from different cities in Morocco and transferred to the laboratory in the Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute of Rabat, Morocco. The egg shells and contents were tested separately then the isolation and identification of bacterial pathogens were performed according to the Moroccan Standard Norms. The bacterial isolates were tested for susceptibility to six commonly used antibiotics, namely nalidixic acid (30 μg), kanamycin (30 μg), gentamycin (15 μg), ciprofloxacin (15 μg), tetracycline (30 μg), and amoxicillin (10 μg). The findings revealed that 38 samples (13) tested positive for E. coli of which 9 were on egg shells, and 4 were in egg content, while for Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis), 5 samples (2) tested positive and only in the egg contents. Escherichia coli showed the highest resistance to amoxicillin, followed by tetracycline and nalidixic acid with 92.10, 84.21, and 50, respectively, and was sensitive to ciprofloxacin (84.21), kanamycin (65.79), and gentamicin (60.54). Salmonella enteritidis had the highest resistance against tetracycline (80), followed by ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid with 40 each. The highest sensitivity rates of S. enteritidis were for gentamicin, amoxicillin, and kanamycin at 80, 80, and 40, respectively. Given that these resistant bacteria could potentially be transferred to humans through eggs or egg products, it is necessary to employ strict hygiene measures and provide a wise and legal use of antibiotics in animal breeding. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Species Isolated from Table Eggs in Morocco
Instructional supervision: best management practices in secondary schools in Kinondoni municipality, Tanzania (Text)
Instructional supervision: best management practices in secondary schools in Kinondoni municipality, Tanzania (Other)
HTML Summary of #989 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Instructional supervision: best management practices in secondary schools in Kinondoni municipality, Tanzania</epc:when>
Quality of learning depends much on classroom management, and instructional supervision always helps to alert the teacher in managing class. Instructional supervision practices engage teachers and their principals in a mutual relationship for the sole purpose of developing, maintaining and improving a school’s instructional programme, especially its curriculum and teaching personnel in attaining quality of education. This study intended to explore the best practices of instructional supervision management in selected secondary schools in Kinondoni Municipality. Specifically, it was aimed at examining the perception of teachers about instructional supervision practices and identifying exemplary/best practices of instructional supervision techniques practiced in secondary schools and lessons drawn from them for other institutions. The study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches and a descriptive survey design. It relied on a sample size of 159 participants, including parents, heads of schools, heads of departments, teachers and students from five selected secondary schools. The data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, document reviews, and observation and were analysed through descriptive statistics and content analysis. The findings of this study revealed that the majority of teachers had negative attitudes towards instructional supervision as a result of unfriendly supervisory practices by heads of schools and heads of departments. The supervisors failed to create a friendly environment with their supervisee to the extent that the teachers perceived instructional supervision as a mere implementation of the stipulated policies. The study further observed that the supervisors lacked adequate training apart from being too occupied by administrative roles and hence forgetting supervisory activities. The study established that teachers in secondary schools perceive instructional supervision as more fault finding rather than supporting them in improving their teaching practices. The focus of school-based supervisors ought to be on assisting teachers in enhancing their teaching and learning processes to better administer instructional supervision. Instructional supervision must place more emphasis on improving than on proving.
Instructional supervision: best management practices in secondary schools in Kinondoni municipality, Tanzania
LB1501 Primary Education
LB1603 Secondary Education. High schools
Effects of Phytogenic Feed Additives on Body Weight Gain and Gut Bacterial Load in Broiler Chickens (Text)
Effects of Phytogenic Feed Additives on Body Weight Gain and Gut Bacterial Load in Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #804 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Phytogenic Feed Additives on Body Weight Gain and Gut Bacterial Load in Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) have promising importance in chicken production as antibiotic alternatives to balance chicken gut microorganisms and improve productivity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the body weight gain (BWG) and gut bacterial load of broiler chicks fed on selected herbs. For this experiment, 360 unsexed one-day-old broiler chicks of Cobb 500 with an average weight of 40.74 g were randomly allocated into six treatment groups with three replicates of 20 chicks in each pen. The treatment 1 (T1) group was fed by a basal diet alone. Chickens of T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 were fed the basal diet containing 1 of basil, lemongrass, peppermint, rosemary, and thyme leaves powder, respectively for 49 days. Body weight (BW), BWG, and average daily weight gain (ADWG) data were recorded every week and at the end of every phase. On days 21 and 42, three chickens from each replicate were slaughtered for microbiological analysis (pathogenic and normal flora) of cecum contents aseptically. The obtained result showed that chickens kept on T3 had significantly higher BW, BWG, and ADWG during the starter and grower phases. Significantly highest final BW was recorded during the finisher phase on T3 and T6. Chickens that consumed T3 and T6 had significantly higher overall BWG and ADWG. The lowest Escherichia coli counts were seen in chickens fed on rosemary (T5) on both days 21 and 42 of the experimental time. Similarly, the highest Lactobacilli counts were recorded on chicken fed on T5 (day 21) and T3 (day 42). On the other hand, almost all treatment herbs showed a higher Enterococcal count, with the highest recorded for T3 (day 21) and T6 (day 42). The present findings suggest that supplementing lemongrass and thyme leaf powder improves BW performance and gut microbial composition. Likewise, rosemary leaf powder enhances the beneficial microbial composition and reduces pathogenic bacteria. However, the underlying detailed biological mechanisms and dose standardization of these herbs for inclusion in the diet of broiler chickens need to be studied further. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Phytogenic Feed Additives on Body Weight Gain and Gut Bacterial Load in Broiler Chickens
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Phytogenic Feed Additives on Broiler Feed Conversion Efficiency and Immune Response against Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccine (Text)
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Phytogenic Feed Additives on Broiler Feed Conversion Efficiency and Immune Response against Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccine (Other)
HTML Summary of #771 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Phytogenic Feed Additives on Broiler Feed Conversion Efficiency and Immune Response against Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccine</epc:when>
The ban on antibiotic growth promoters in livestock feeding has encouraged the utilization of phytogenic feed additives. These phytogenics recently attracted much attention and are generally recognized as residue-free ideal feed additives in animal Production. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of the phytogenic herbs on feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and immune responses associated with the infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine in broiler chickens. For this study, 360 day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to six feeding trials, each with three replicates containing 20 chicks. The control group (T1) was only fed a basal diet alone, while the treatment groups were given the basal diet supplemented with 1 of basil (T2), lemongrass (T3), peppermint (T4), rosemary (T5), and thyme (T6) leaves powder, respectively. Body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were recorded. All chicks were vaccinated against IBD on days 7 and 19. A serology test was conducted to check the antibody titer against the IBD vaccine. The findings of this study showed that chickens in group T2 had significantly consumed more feed, followed by T1 and T6. During the overall study period, chickens in group T4 had significantly better feed conversion efficiency, followed by T3 and T6. Chickens in groups T5 and T6 showed a more pronounced antibody titer against the IBD vaccine at days 21 and 42 of the experiment. Therefore, these findings indicated that supplementation of basil leaf powder improved feed intake. Moreover, peppermint and lemongrass leaf powder improved the feed conversion ratio. In addition, supplementation of rosemary and thyme enhances the immune status of broiler chickens and could be considered a natural growth promoter feed additive. Therefore, further studies should be done to discover their beneficial effects to use as alternative feed additives in broiler chickens. © 2023, Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Phytogenic Feed Additives on Broiler Feed Conversion Efficiency and Immune Response against Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccine
HTML Summary of #1051 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Campylobacteriosis in Poultry: A Review</epc:when>
Campylobacter is common in poultry, including layer and broiler chickens, geese, ducks, and turkeys. This review aimed to emphasize the prevalence of campylobacteriosis, recent poultry diagnoses, and strict prevention measures. Campylobacter species colonize the intestines of poultry and waterfowl but are generally nonpathogenic in poultry. However, they are the most common bacterial cause of sporadic human enteritis in both developed and developing countries. The main species responsible for campylobacteriosis is Campylobacter jejuni, followed by Campylobacter coli. A number of other Campylobacter species, such as Campylobacter lari, fetus, upsaliensis, and hyointestinalis are rarely associated with campylobacteriosis. Campylobacter hepaticus is the species linked to spotty liver disease in layers and breeder chickens, and it may be the etiological agent of the disease previously known as avian vibrionic hepatitis. The most prevalent infection source for Campylobacter is environmental contamination from poultry droppings. However, some Campylobacter species can be transmitted vertically, either on the surface of eggs or via trans-ovarian transmission in addition to consumption of contaminated feed or water. Due to the non-specific clinical signs such as diarrhea and weight loss, diagnosing campylobacteriosis in poultry requires culture or polymerase chain reaction tests. Little is known about the available vaccine or effective antibiotic treatment due to the rapid development of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, strict biosecurity measures play a crucial role in preventing Campylobacter infection in commercial poultry. These measures include decontaminating housing between flocks, preventing the entry of rodents, wild birds, and animals, and eradicating insects. To control campylobacteriosis and reduce infection risks, it is important to implement efficient on-farm biosecurity measures, conduct regular inspections of workers at meat processing plants and poultry farms, and ensure thorough preparation of chicken meat and eggs before consumption. These measures are vital in minimizing the Campylobacter transmission from both broiler and laying chickens, thereby reducing the risk of foodborne diseases caused by contaminated food.
Effects of Using Commercial and Homemade Extenders on Sperm Quality of Liquid Stored Semen of Horro Chicken Breed (Text)
Effects of Using Commercial and Homemade Extenders on Sperm Quality of Liquid Stored Semen of Horro Chicken Breed (Other)
HTML Summary of #765 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Using Commercial and Homemade Extenders on Sperm Quality of Liquid Stored Semen of Horro Chicken Breed</epc:when>
This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of homemade tris-egg yolk-based and Commercial Beltsville poultry extenders for short-term storage of semen from the Ethiopian Indigenous Horro chicken breed at refrigeration temperature. A total of 30 Horro roosters with an average age of 40 weeks were used to collect semen. The treatments (T) in the sperm quality experiment were control (semen without extender added), semen extended with homemade extender (E1), and semen extended with commercial Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (E2). Changes in spermatozoa motility, in vitro viability, and morphology were evaluated in fresh semen and semen diluted as 1:4 (v/v semen to extender) and stored for 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours at 4°C. During semen storage, there was a decrease in mass motility, an increase in morphologically abnormal spermatozoa with a high incidence of the bent tail, and an increase in dead spermatozoa. The commercial Beltsville poultry extender was found to be the most suitable extender regarding mass motility and in vitro viability of stored spermatozoa, but there was no significant difference in sperm abnormalities across all extenders. The results showed locally prepared tris-egg yolk-based extender could be a suitable extender for short-term storage of chicken sperm regarding the sperm quality attributes. © 2023, Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Using Commercial and Homemade Extenders on Sperm Quality of Liquid Stored Semen of Horro Chicken Breed
Molecular Characterization of the NRAMP1 Gene and Blood Parameters of Sinai and Lohman Brown Chickens in Egypt (Text)
Molecular Characterization of the NRAMP1 Gene and Blood Parameters of Sinai and Lohman Brown Chickens in Egypt (Other)
HTML Summary of #774 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Molecular Characterization of the NRAMP1 Gene and Blood Parameters of Sinai and Lohman Brown Chickens in Egypt</epc:when>
In almost all animal species, natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMPs) have been linked to disease resistance. It plays a crucial part in innate immunity and can affect adaptive immunity as well. The aim of this study was to investigate some immunological traits and molecular genetics in the native breed of chickens, named Sinai (S) and a commercial strain of Lohman Brown (LB). The NRAMP1 gene was reported to be associated with a defense mechanism against infection by bacteria and viruses. A total of 144 female day-old chicks, including 72 from the commercial layer strain (LB) and 72 from the Egyptian native chicken strain (S), were used in this study. At 38 days of age, blood samples were taken randomly from 8 chickens of each group for serum antibodies against the New Castle disease virus, avian influenza virus, and infectious bursal disease virus analysis. Additionally, genomic DNA was extracted from 20 blood samples at 38 days of age. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses were conducted on the DNA samples, followed by sequencing of the PCR products to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NRAMP1 gene in the two strains of chickens. The findings indicated that lymphocyte, eosinophil, phagocyte activity, and IgY were significantly greater in LB chicks than in S chicks. Sinai chickens, on the other hand, achieved dominance in Newcastle titter. Eight SNPs were found in NRAMP1 of the two strains. The nucleotide identity between S and LB nucleotides was 58.68, while the changes in different amino acids were found in different positions. Multiple SNPs in the NRAMP1 gene have been discovered in Sinai and LB, suggesting that this gene can be used as a genetic marker for the selection of high-producing indigenous hybrids with the ability to resist pathogenic diseases in poultry. © 2023, Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Molecular Characterization of the NRAMP1 Gene and Blood Parameters of Sinai and Lohman Brown Chickens in Egypt
Effects of Replacing Maize by Proso Millet on Performance of Broiler Chickens (Text)
Effects of Replacing Maize by Proso Millet on Performance of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #775 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Replacing Maize by Proso Millet on Performance of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
The continual rise in the cost of poultry feed ingredients, the fluctuations in price and the comparatively insufficient maize supply have prompted a search for less expensive alternatives. This research study was carried out to investigate the impact of a partial or total replacement of maize with proso millet on performance parameters of broiler chickens, including live body weight, feed conversion ratio, mortality rate and carcass yield. An experiment was carried out using 160 one-day-old broiler chicks of a commercial breed. The chicks were randomly assigned to 5 groups of 32. They consumed different isoprotein and isocaloric diets in which maize was replaced by proso millet at 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 inclusion rates as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. Results showed that all broiler chickens fed on diets containing different rates of millet instead of maize significantly improved live body weight, feed conversion ratio, and carcass yield for females and males compared to T1. Additionally, it was observed that there was a significant decrease in the relative weight of the liver for females and males compared to T1. The use of millet in diets did not negatively affect the broilersâ�� health, and the mortality rate was low throughout the experiment. These results confirmed that maize could be replaced by proso millet in broiler chicken diets up to 100. © 2023, Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Replacing Maize by Proso Millet on Performance of Broiler Chickens
Pathologic-anatomical Changes in the Comorbidity of Eimeriosis and Tuberculosis in Domestic Chickens and Decorative Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus L., 1758) (Text)
Pathologic-anatomical Changes in the Comorbidity of Eimeriosis and Tuberculosis in Domestic Chickens and Decorative Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus L., 1758) (Other)
HTML Summary of #938 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Pathologic-anatomical Changes in the Comorbidity of Eimeriosis and Tuberculosis in Domestic Chickens and Decorative Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus L., 1758)</epc:when>
The study of patho-anatomical changes is essential in identifying pathological processes and diagnosing especially comorbid pathologies. The aim of this study was to reveal pathological changes and differences in the spontaneous comorbidity of tuberculosis (Mycobacterium avium) and eimeriosis (Eimeria spp.) in adult chickens and ornamental pheasants. The paper highlighted the results of pathological-anatomical changes in adult domestic chickens (n = 17) and ornamental pheasants (n = 5) with spontaneous comorbidity of eimeriosis and tuberculosis. Mycobacteria was detected using bacterioscopy of smears-prints from fragments of organs and Eimeria oocysts were detected by the Füllenborn flotation method. In pheasants, tubercular granulomas were found in the intestine, liver, and spleen in combination with scarring and swelling of the wall and mesentery, and venous stasis in the mesenteric vessels. In addition, hematomas and organ destruction in the liver and spleen were found in pheasants. In domestic chickens, tuberculous granulomas and steatosis were found in the liver. In the intestines, there were indications of mucocatarrhal inflammation, edema, hyperplasia, and small hemorrhages in the area of the cecal-intestinal diverticulum. Tuberculous nodules, internal hemorrhages around the perimeter of the tubercle, and devascularization were observed in the spleen. The present study revealed notable differences in the pathological and anatomical changes resulting from the comorbidity of eimeriosis and tuberculosis in domestic chickens and pheasants. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
Pathologic-anatomical Changes in the Comorbidity of Eimeriosis and Tuberculosis in Domestic Chickens and Decorative Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus L., 1758)
Detection and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella spp. Isolated From Commercial Eggs in Tiaret Province, Algeria (Text)
Detection and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella spp. Isolated From Commercial Eggs in Tiaret Province, Algeria (Other)
HTML Summary of #810 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Detection and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella spp. Isolated From Commercial Eggs in Tiaret Province, Algeria</epc:when>
Salmonellosis is a significant public health problem worldwide. The current study aimed to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. in commercial eggs of Tiaret province, Algeria, and evaluate the susceptibility of isolated strains to different antimicrobial agents. A total of 180 commercial eggs collected from various retail outlets (groceries, butchers, wholesalers, street vendors) were analyzed by conventional methods, and 13 Salmonella spp. isolates were tested on a panel of 7 antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method. Of 180 chicken egg content samples examined, the findings indicated that 13 (7.22) were positive for Salmonella spp. Regarding the collection site, 2 (1.11), 4 (2.22), and 7 (3.88) of Salmonella spp. isolates were detected from butchers, wholesalers, and street vendors, respectively. Most antibiotic discs have demonstrated widespread resistance with an incidence rate of 100, including amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, and erythromycin. However, colistin sulfate, gentamycin, and tetracycline were more effective against Salmonella isolates. It can be concluded that the highest detection rate of Salmonella spp. was observed for street vendors, and the highest resistance was recorded for commonly used antibiotics in poultry production. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Detection and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella spp. Isolated From Commercial Eggs in Tiaret Province, Algeria
A Retrospective Study on Dairy Cattle Mortality Patterns in Two Farms of South-eastern Botswana (Text)
A Retrospective Study on Dairy Cattle Mortality Patterns in Two Farms of South-eastern Botswana (Other)
HTML Summary of #812 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A Retrospective Study on Dairy Cattle Mortality Patterns in Two Farms of South-eastern Botswana</epc:when>
Generally, high mortalities of dairy cattle due to infectious and non-infectious diseases cause huge economic losses, unprofitability, and low productivity in the dairy industry. The present study aimed at determining the mortality rates, their causes, and risk factors among 1779 cattle at two dairy farms belonging to the Department of Agricultural Research, Botswana. An 8-year retrospective study was conducted using farm records during 2005-2012. Monthly and annual records of the farms were examined regarding the total dairy cattle population, sex, breed, age, cattle deaths, and causes of death. Mortality was calculated from the total cattle population and expressed as a percentage, and it was analyzed with respect to farm, breed, age, sex, year, season, and mortality causes. The overall mortality rate was 8.5. The semi-intensively managed Farm II, as well as young stock (<12 months old), and males recorded significantly higher mortalities than their counterparts. Dairy crosses of pure exotic and indigenous Tswana cattle had higher mortalities than the Friesians and Jerseys, and the wet season accounted for over 70 of the total deaths. Only two years (2010 and 2012) out of the 8-year study period had a mortality rate < 5. Notably, 28.1 of mortalities with a known cause were due to heartwater disease (n = 57), but most deaths (62.3) were due to unknown causes. In conclusion, to improve farm herd health and husbandry practices, more efforts should be devoted to preventing heartwater and mortalities in young stock and male animals, particularly during the hot-wet season. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
A Retrospective Study on Dairy Cattle Mortality Patterns in Two Farms of South-eastern Botswana
Newcastle Disease Virus in Poultry: Current Status and Control Prospects (Text)
Newcastle Disease Virus in Poultry: Current Status and Control Prospects (Other)
HTML Summary of #800 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Newcastle Disease Virus in Poultry: Current Status and Control Prospects</epc:when>
Since its first appearance in Java Island, Indonesia, in 1926, Newcastle disease has significantly impacted the global poultry industry, leading to substantial economic losses. The disease has rapidly spread worldwide, becoming endemic in many countries where agriculture is the primary source of national income. The present study aimed to present a comprehensive review of the recent literature on the Newcastle disease virus to contribute to understanding the virus and its control measures in poultry and provide an updated perspective on current knowledge. All strains of the Newcastle disease virus are classified under a single serotype; however, they are grouped into two classes and have been found to have emerging genetic diversity. Although various molecular diagnostic protocols have been developed, many have limitations. Nucleotide variability in the F gene of the Newcastle disease virus seems to explain the false-negative results provided by different real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction protocols. Vaccination combined with biosecurity measures has been shown to limit the devastating effect of the Newcastle disease virus. However, the current vaccines are not effective enough to prevent viral shedding and infection of vaccinated animals. The efficacy of the vaccine strains utilized for decades is being scrutinized, raising questions about their effectiveness over time. The development of reverse genetics offers promising prospects for exploring new generations of attenuated vaccines capable of protecting poultry against clinical diseases and infections, such as Newcastle disease. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Newcastle Disease Virus in Poultry: Current Status and Control Prospects
Management Updates on Prepartal Stress Effects on Transition Cow and Calf Health (Text)
Management Updates on Prepartal Stress Effects on Transition Cow and Calf Health (Other)
HTML Summary of #797 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Management Updates on Prepartal Stress Effects on Transition Cow and Calf Health</epc:when>
The transition phase is thought to be the most critical period in high-producing dairy cowsâ�� productive cycle. Maternal stresses during the peripartum period affect both dam and newborn calf health. The objective of this review article was to describe the role of prepartal metabolic and environmental stressors on postpartum-related disorders in both cows and newborn calves. The transition phase (21 d before to 21 d after calving) is considered the most critical period in dairy cattle life. Decreased dry matter intake coincides with increased nutrient demands due to the onset of lactation. It can lead to negative energy balance and tremendous metabolic challenges for high-producing dairy cows. During this time, insulin concentrations and peripheral tissue sensitivity decrease, leading to fat mobilization from adipose tissue. Such incidences would increase levels of non-esterified fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyric acid in plasma. The success in the transition from the dry to lactating phase depends on how the cow could deal with such challenges. Failure to handle such metabolic alterations may predispose cattle to costly metabolic disorders such as ketosis, fatty liver, retained placenta, displacement abomasum, and infectious diseases, including metritis and mastitis in the postpartum period. The energy content of dairy cow diets in the dry-off (40 days before calving) or close-up (21 days before calving) periods may influence cow physiology and health in the peripartum period. The role of a transition period diet on cow health and productivity in the early or overall lactation period has been frequently investigated. However, the role of stressors such as nutritional deficiencies, heat stress, stocking density, and grouping in the late gestation period on the health and performance of cows and calves are much less addressed. Therefore, the present review delineates and reviews updates on the role of maternal stresses during the peripartum period on dam as well as newborn calf physiology and behavior. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Management Updates on Prepartal Stress Effects on Transition Cow and Calf Health
The Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Hong Kong Caterpillar (Tenebrio molitor) on Quail Egg Quality (Text)
The Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Hong Kong Caterpillar (Tenebrio molitor) on Quail Egg Quality (Other)
HTML Summary of #773 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Hong Kong Caterpillar (Tenebrio molitor) on Quail Egg Quality</epc:when>
The Hong Kong caterpillar (HC) is an alternative source of animal protein for feed. This research aimed to study the effect of using Hong Kong caterpillars in the quail diet on egg quality. A total of 200 quail aged 8-14 weeks, weighing 110 ± 10 g, were used in the study, with 40 production. This study used a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. The laying quail diets were formulated with varying levels of HC, including 0 HC for group A, 3 HC for B, 6 HC for C, 9 HC for D, and 12 HC for E. The egg quality parameters measured were egg yolk fat, egg yolk cholesterol, egg white protein, and eggshell thickness. The results indicated that including 12 HC in the quail diet significantly reduced egg yolk cholesterol and egg yolk fat. However, eggshell thickness and egg white protein remained unaffected. Consequently, it can be concluded that Hong Kong caterpillars can be used in quail diets up to a maximum of 12 to reduce egg yolk cholesterol and fat while maintaining eggshell thickness and egg white protein levels. © 2023, Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
The Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Hong Kong Caterpillar (Tenebrio molitor) on Quail Egg Quality
Administration of Strobilanthes crispus in an Angora Cat with Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (Text)
Administration of Strobilanthes crispus in an Angora Cat with Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (Other)
HTML Summary of #805 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Administration of Strobilanthes crispus in an Angora Cat with Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease</epc:when>
The occurrence of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUD) in Indonesia has not been widely reported. However, the incidence of the disease has increased due to dietary cat patterns. The diet habitually consists of commercial dry food only, without wet food, such as meat. FLUD often affects certain breeds of cats. Surgical therapy is the first option to remove kidney stones; however, rural areas in Indonesia often lack animal surgical facilities. This condition requires alternative therapies to cure the disease. A one-year-old male Angora cat was brought to Rumah Satwa veterinary clinic in Tanah Datar, Indonesia, for examination, with a history of urination difficulties or dysuria, pain in the abdomen when being handled, and lack of desire to mate. A macroscopic examination of urine showed a cloudy and dense appearance. The ultrasound examination revealed a stone (struvite) and a thickening of the urinary bladder wall. The angora cat was diagnosed with obstructive FLUD caused by urolithiasis. A capsule containing 125 mg Keji Beling (Strobilanthes crispus, Bl) extract was administered to the cat once daily to aid the struvite stone dissolution. Keji Beling is a herbal plant easily found in Indonesia and used to treat human kidney stones. After 32 days of therapy, the clinical condition of the cat improved. The ultrasound examination did not find any stones left in the bladder. In conclusion, based on local wisdom, Keji Beling leaves can potentially be an alternative therapy for FLUD in Angora cats with certain conditions. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Administration of Strobilanthes crispus in an Angora Cat with Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease
The Effect of Shrimp Shell (Litopenaeus vannamei) Extract on Testicular Parameters of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats (Text)
The Effect of Shrimp Shell (Litopenaeus vannamei) Extract on Testicular Parameters of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats (Other)
HTML Summary of #822 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effect of Shrimp Shell (Litopenaeus vannamei) Extract on Testicular Parameters of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats</epc:when>
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that has become a major health problem worldwide. Reproductive dysfunction is one of the main complications of DM, particularly in men. However, as is known, shrimp shell extract contains nutrients, such as astaxanthin, that affect reproductive traits. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of shrimp shell extract on the volume, weight, and histological features of the testes of a DM rat model. Fifteen adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group A (n = 5) was a healthy control group, group B (n = 5) was a DM control group, and group C (n = 5) was a DM group treated with shrimp shell extract. Rats in groups B and C were treated with streptozotocin to induce DM. Rats in group C were given shrimp shell extract at 25 mg/kg body weight for 30 consecutive days after DM induction. Testicles were collected and submitted to dimension, weight, and histological examinations. The testicle volume and weight of rats in group C were significantly higher and heavier, respectively, than rats in group B and did not differ from rats in group A. The seminiferous tubule diameter of rats in group C was significantly larger than rats in group B and did not differ from rats in group A. Rats in group B had a lower testicle volume and lighter testicle weight as well as a shorter seminiferous tubule diameter than rats in groups A and C. In conclusion, shrimp shell extract could improve male fertility parameters in a DM rat model. However, the mechanism of action needs to be studied further © 2023, World's Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved.
The Effect of Shrimp Shell (Litopenaeus vannamei) Extract on Testicular Parameters of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Chitosan Hydroxyapatite: Physic-chemical Properties and its Effect on the Growth and Development of Broiler Chickens (Text)
Chitosan Hydroxyapatite: Physic-chemical Properties and its Effect on the Growth and Development of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #768 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Chitosan Hydroxyapatite: Physic-chemical Properties and its Effect on the Growth and Development of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
The current study aimed to obtain a calcium-containing, biocompatible drug based on chitosan Bombyx mori. Composites of Chitosan (CS) Bombyx mori with hydroxyapatite (HA) in the ratio of CS/HA = 50:50 mass percentage were synthesized in situ conditions at Ca/P = 1.67 mol with intensive stirring for one hour at a speed of 1400 rpm and a temperature of 40 ± 2ºÐ¡. It was revealed that the components form an intermediate complex through â��N-Ca, O-Ca, O (glycosidic bond)â��Ca, Hâ��O-bonds interacted by electrostatic forces. Atomic force microscopy studies indicated particles in the 100-50 nm size range on the polymer matrix surface. The polymer matrix prevented the growth of HA crystals and particle agglomeration. It was also determined that the CS/HA composite was non-toxic, and the LD50 was more than 5000 mg/kg. The composites were introduced into the chickensâ�� diet in groups for 30 days at 25 to 40 mg/kg doses. The findings indicated an increased survival rate of chickens by 100, improved the morphological parameters of the blood, and enhanced the contents of calcium, phosphorus, and hemoglobin. The addition of CS/HA=50:50 mass percentage contributed to an increase in the number of erythrocytes in the blood of broilers and hemoglobin by 11-12. It should be noted that CS/HA did not adversely affect other morphological parameters of chicken blood. Therefore, CS/HA is recommended for the prevention of osteoporosis and osteomalacia in broiler chickens. © 2023, Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Chitosan Hydroxyapatite: Physic-chemical Properties and its Effect on the Growth and Development of Broiler Chickens
Exploring challenges and factors in students' literacy: basis for intervention program development (Text)
Exploring challenges and factors in students' literacy: basis for intervention program development (Other)
HTML Summary of #988 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Exploring challenges and factors in students' literacy: basis for intervention program development</epc:when>
This study employed a descriptive-exploratory research design using the Participatory Rapid Rural Appraisal (PRRA) approach, a participatory research method designed to elicit insights from the local community. PRRA facilitated the identification of literacy challenges within selected schools, fostering a collaborative effort with representatives from various sectors in Barangay Tabugon, Sta. Elena Camarines Norte, Philippines. By engaging these stakeholders, the study aimed to comprehensively address critical issues, including limited resources, overcrowded classrooms, and insufficient parental involvement, all of which significantly impact effective learning. The findings suggest evidence-based intervention strategies to improve literacy outcomes and contribute to the community's holistic development. The study recommends the implementation of a literacy enhancement and assistance program for the community.
Exploring challenges and factors in students' literacy: basis for intervention program development
BV1460 Religious Education
LA History of education
LB2300 Higher Education
LC5201 Education extension. Adult education. Continuing education
HTML Summary of #1058 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Using Commercial and Homemade Extenders on Sperm Quality of Liquid Stored Semen of Horro Chicken Breed</epc:when>
This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of homemade tris-egg yolk-based and Commercial Beltsville poultry extenders for short-term storage of semen from the Ethiopian Indigenous Horro chicken breed at refrigeration temperature. A total of 30 Horro roosters with an average age of 40 weeks were used to collect semen. The treatments (T) in the sperm quality experiment were control (semen without extender added), semen extended with homemade extender (E1), and semen extended with commercial Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (E2). Changes in spermatozoa motility, in vitro viability, and morphology were evaluated in fresh semen and semen diluted as 1:4 (v/v semen to extender) and stored for 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours at 4°C. During semen storage, there was a decrease in mass motility, an increase in morphologically abnormal spermatozoa with a high incidence of the bent tail, and an increase in dead spermatozoa. The commercial Beltsville poultry extender was found to be the most suitable extender regarding mass motility and in vitro viability of stored spermatozoa, but there was no significant difference in sperm abnormalities across all extenders. The results showed locally prepared tris-egg yolk-based extender could be a suitable extender for short-term storage of chicken sperm regarding the sperm quality attributes.
HTML Summary of #1052 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Phytogenic Feed Additives on Broiler Feed Conversion Efficiency and Immune Response against Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccine</epc:when>
The ban on antibiotic growth promoters in livestock feeding has encouraged the utilization of phytogenic feed additives. These phytogenics recently attracted much attention and are generally recognized as residue-free ideal feed additives in animal Production. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of the phytogenic herbs on feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and immune responses associated with the infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine in broiler chickens. For this study, 360 day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to six feeding trials, each with three replicates containing 20 chicks. The control group (T1) was only fed a basal diet alone, while the treatment groups were given the basal diet supplemented with 1% of basil (T2), lemongrass (T3), peppermint (T4), rosemary (T5), and thyme (T6) leaves powder, respectively. Body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were recorded. All chicks were vaccinated against IBD on days 7 and 19. A serology test was conducted to check the antibody titer against the IBD vaccine. The findings of this study showed that chickens in group T2 had significantly consumed more feed, followed by T1 and T6. During the overall study period, chickens in group T4 had significantly better feed conversion efficiency, followed by T3 and T6. Chickens in groups T5 and T6 showed a more pronounced antibody titer against the IBD vaccine at days 21 and 42 of the experiment. Therefore, these findings indicated that supplementation of basil leaf powder improved feed intake. Moreover, peppermint and lemongrass leaf powder improved the feed conversion ratio. In addition, supplementation of rosemary and thyme enhances the immune status of broiler chickens and could be considered a natural growth promoter feed additive. Therefore, further studies should be done to discover their beneficial effects to use as alternative feed additives in broiler chickens.
Risk Factors Associated with Brucellosis Seropositivity in Goat Farms of Sing Buri Province, Thailand (Text)
Risk Factors Associated with Brucellosis Seropositivity in Goat Farms of Sing Buri Province, Thailand (Other)
HTML Summary of #809 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Risk Factors Associated with Brucellosis Seropositivity in Goat Farms of Sing Buri Province, Thailand</epc:when>
During 2012 2016, goat farms in Sing Buri province were growing rapidly with support from the Thai government. In the following three years (2017-2019), the analysis of brucellosis surveillance data indicated that the seropositivity of brucellosis in goats increased. Therefore, this study attempted to identify possible risk factors associated with brucellosis seropositivity in meat goats raised in Sing Buri province of Thailand. A case-control study was conducted in a random sampling of 72 goat farms in Sing Buri province, Thailand. Questionnaires were used to collect information regarding farm production types, husbandry, goat health management, grazing management, breeding, carcass management, and goat purchasing. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors of Brucella seropositivity. Results revealed that the most frequent health complaint by the farmers was a stillbirth. Brucella seropositivity at the farm level was 26.4. The two most probable risk factors for seropositivity included raising goats in a communal pasture and keeping goats with a history of clinical signs associated with brucellosis. In conclusion, approximately 25 of goat farms in Sing Buri province were infected by the bacteria genus Brucella. The farmers were recommended to attentively seek and cull for a brucellosis-suspected goat in their farms using clinical signs or symptoms together with active serosurveillance. Furthermore, communal pasture avoidance would also help prevent the goat from Brucella infection. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Risk Factors Associated with Brucellosis Seropositivity in Goat Farms of Sing Buri Province, Thailand
HTML Summary of #1057 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Molecular Characterization of the NRAMP1 Gene and Blood Parameters of Sinai and Lohman Brown Chickens in Egypt</epc:when>
In almost all animal species, natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMPs) have been linked to disease resistance. It plays a crucial part in innate immunity and can affect adaptive immunity as well. The aim of this study was to investigate some immunological traits and molecular genetics in the native breed of chickens, named Sinai (S) and a commercial strain of Lohman Brown (LB). The NRAMP1 gene was reported to be associated with a defense mechanism against infection by bacteria and viruses. A total of 144 female day-old chicks, including 72 from the commercial layer strain (LB) and 72 from the Egyptian native chicken strain (S), were used in this study. At 38 days of age, blood samples were taken randomly from 8 chickens of each group for serum antibodies against the New Castle disease virus, avian influenza virus, and infectious bursal disease virus analysis. Additionally, genomic DNA was extracted from 20 blood samples at 38 days of age. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses were conducted on the DNA samples, followed by sequencing of the PCR products to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NRAMP1 gene in the two strains of chickens. The findings indicated that lymphocyte, eosinophil, phagocyte activity, and IgY were significantly greater in LB chicks than in S chicks. Sinai chickens, on the other hand, achieved dominance in Newcastle titter. Eight SNPs were found in NRAMP1 of the two strains. The nucleotide identity between S and LB nucleotides was 58.68%, while the changes in different amino acids were found in different positions. Multiple SNPs in the NRAMP1 gene have been discovered in Sinai and LB, suggesting that this gene can be used as a genetic marker for the selection of high-producing indigenous hybrids with the ability to resist pathogenic diseases in poultry.
The Effect of Nano-bentonite Supplementation on Reducing the Toxicity of Aflatoxin B1 in Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan Chickens’ Diet (Text)
The Effect of Nano-bentonite Supplementation on Reducing the Toxicity of Aflatoxin B1 in Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan Chickens’ Diet (Other)
HTML Summary of #772 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effect of Nano-bentonite Supplementation on Reducing the Toxicity of Aflatoxin B1 in Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan Chickens’ Diet</epc:when>
Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus are fungi that produce toxic secondary metabolites known as aflatoxins. These toxins can contaminate various food and feed products, including grains and nuts, before or after they are harvested. This contamination is most commonly found in tropical countries. Many studies have demonstrated that clay additions can reduce animal aflatoxin toxicity. The objective of this research was to study how the usage of Pacitan's local bentonite, located in East Java, Indonesia, could potentially decrease the harmful effects of aflatoxin B1 in native chicken species. The Masking Gel Calcification method was used to create bentonite nanoparticles at the Center for Ceramics in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The in vivo study was conducted at a native chicken farm in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, with 1200 unsexed Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) chickens. Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan chickens were divided into 4 treatments and 6 replications, each containing 50 chickens. The diets in the treatments were named as T0 (the control group in which chickens were fed basal diet, without aflatoxin B1), T1 ( T0 + 200 μg/kg aflatoxin B1), T2 (T0 + 200 μg/kg aflatoxin B1 + 1 g/kg Factory Feed with standard factory absorbent), and T3 (T0 + 200 μg/kg aflatoxin B1 + 1 g/kg nano bentonite). Aspergillus flavus isolates from PAU Universitas Gadjah Mada were created using crude aflatoxin (FNC 2262). This study found a significant difference in KUB chicken performance, specifically in feed conversion ratio (FCR). Compared to T0, the findings indicated that T1 had the highest FCR value, followed by T2 and T3. It can be concluded that nanoparticle bentonite has a looser structure because of decreased packing density with the lowest FCR. Based on hematology analysis, it can suppress aflatoxin B1 toxicity in KUB chickens. © 2023, Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
The Effect of Nano-bentonite Supplementation on Reducing the Toxicity of Aflatoxin B1 in Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan Chickens’ Diet
Effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Tacrolimus on Discoid Facial Lupus Erythematosus in a Dog (Text)
Effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Tacrolimus on Discoid Facial Lupus Erythematosus in a Dog (Other)
HTML Summary of #937 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Tacrolimus on Discoid Facial Lupus Erythematosus in a Dog</epc:when>
Discoid lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that affects the skin in dogs. 6-year-old male German Shepherd weighing 38 kg was taken to the Small Animal Hospital at the University in Kyiv, Ukraine, with a history of progressive skin lesions. The indications of discoid lupus erythematosus in dogs manifested as red, scaly macules or papules on the skinâ��s surface. These gradually develop into follicular plugging, disc-shaped plaques with adherent scales, and peripheral hyperpigmentation. The oral hydroxychloroquine was used for medication, and the prescribed dosage was 5.0 mg per kilogram of the dogâ��s weight, administered once daily. The hydroxychloroquine was gradually reduced and discontinued within a month. Concurrent with the hydroxychloroquine treatment, the application of tacrolimus cream (Protopic® 0.03) was initiated. The veterinary physician also advised the dog owner to limit sun exposure to avoid any adverse effects. After a four-week period, there was a decrease in pruritus and erythema, and plaques had flattened although the skin still had some patchy hyperpigmentation. Approximately 3-4 weeks later, the veterinarian determined that the dog had achieved clinical remission as all the skin lesions had become completely flattened. The use of deproteinized calf blood extract gel (Solcoseril® Gel for external 4.15 mg/1 g, Legacy led to the complete disappearance of the initial redness and prevented the appearance of new skin lesions. These results can be considered as a safe and effective alternative to conventional treatment methods. © The Author(s) 2023
Effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Tacrolimus on Discoid Facial Lupus Erythematosus in a Dog
Combined Effect of Colemanite and Polypropylene Fiber on Properties of Cement Mortar (Text)
Combined Effect of Colemanite and Polypropylene Fiber on Properties of Cement Mortar (Other)
HTML Summary of #873 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Combined Effect of Colemanite and Polypropylene Fiber on Properties of Cement Mortar</epc:when>
Turkey is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of boron mineral reserves. The most commercially used boron mineral in Turkey is colemanite. Although there are some studies on the use of colemanite in concrete, there is still a gap in the literature. In this study, first of all, the use of colemanite in mortar samples was investigated by substituting different ratios of colemanite for cement. In addition, polypropylene fiber was added in different ratios by volume, and an evaluation was made on the combine effect of colemanite and fibers on mortar samples. For this purpose, colemanite was substituted for cement in mortar samples at 5% and 10% cement by weight. Polypropylene fibers were added to the mortars produced with colemanite at a rate of 0.4% and 1.2% by volume. In the study, flow tests, capillarity, water absorption, flexural, compressive, and ultrasonic velocity tests were performed on mortar samples, respectively. According to the test results, it was observed that the flow values of the mortar samples produced with colemanite increased compared to the control mixture. It was found that the addition of 10% colemanite instead of cement negatively affected the capillarity, water absorption, flexural and compressive strength, and UPV values of the mortar specimens. 5% colemanite addition had a lower negative effect. 0.4% polypropylene fiber addition resulted in a positive change in the compressive strength and capillarity values compared to the non-fiber specimens.
Combined Effect of Colemanite and Polypropylene Fiber on Properties of Cement Mortar
Aiming at the clarification of architectural presence: a theoretical framework (Text)
Aiming at the clarification of architectural presence: a theoretical framework (Other)
HTML Summary of #1020 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Aiming at the clarification of architectural presence: a theoretical framework</epc:when>
The present paper seeks to discuss the principles of a theoretical framework aiming at the clarification of architectural presence. Hence it briefly explains the philosophical notion of presence in art and architecture. The tendencies to define architecture through the notion of presence delineate that the history of architecture has been a significant source for the theoretical framework to clarify the presence. As prominent modern architects have presented clarity in their designs, this article explores the fundamentals of architecture for dealing with the clarification. The description of the principles shows that they are related to order, natural light, space, and form, as the primary concerns of design. These principles then present several features by the clarification of the presence. The paper finally explains the specific outcomes of the clarification.
Aiming at the clarification of architectural presence: a theoretical framework
EFFECTS OF CONCENTRATE SUPPLEMENTATION ON REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS OF CO GOATS AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF THEIR KIDS UNDER GRAZING CONDITION (Text)
EFFECTS OF CONCENTRATE SUPPLEMENTATION ON REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS OF CO GOATS AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF THEIR KIDS UNDER GRAZING CONDITION (Other)
HTML Summary of #850 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECTS OF CONCENTRATE SUPPLEMENTATION ON REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS OF CO GOATS AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF THEIR KIDS UNDER GRAZING CONDITION</epc:when>
The experiment was conducted in A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue province of Vietnam, to evaluate the effect of concentrate supplementation on the reproductive traits of local Co goats and growth performance of their kids. A total of 20 pregnant Co goats in the last 1.5 month of pregnancy were monitored in two reproductive cycles. Goats were randomly divided into two dietary treatments as control (CG), in which animals freely grazed, and experiment (EG), in which concentrates were supplemented at 1.0 and 1.5 BW in the late gestation and lactation periods, respectively. After kidding, kids in each treatment were kept with their mother to access milk for the whole study period. In the CG, the kids have no supplements, and in the EG, the kids of 1 to 3 months of age were supplemented the concentrate at 1.5 BW/day. The results indicated that higher body condition scores and body weights of does after kidding, 1 and 2 months postpartum were in the EG than in the CG. The supplementation of concentrate also reduced the postpartum and kidding intervals; and increased the number of litters per year of does. Furthermore, the supplementation of concentrate improved significantly the weaning weight of kids and financial benefit per doe/per litter. In conclusion, the supplementation of concentrate in late pregnancy period and lactation diets improved reproductive traits of local Co goats and also concentrate supplementation in kidsâ�� diet improved growth performance under grazing conditions. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
EFFECTS OF CONCENTRATE SUPPLEMENTATION ON REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS OF CO GOATS AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF THEIR KIDS UNDER GRAZING CONDITION
PHYLOGENETIC IDENTIFICATION OF Anaplasma phagocytophilum IN HORSES IN BAGHDAD, IRAQ (Text)
PHYLOGENETIC IDENTIFICATION OF Anaplasma phagocytophilum IN HORSES IN BAGHDAD, IRAQ (Other)
HTML Summary of #844 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PHYLOGENETIC IDENTIFICATION OF Anaplasma phagocytophilum IN HORSES IN BAGHDAD, IRAQ</epc:when>
This study aimed to detect Anaplasma phagocytophilum in horses through hematological and molecular tests. The 16S rRNA gene of the Anaplasma phagocytophilum parasite was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), then sequenced, and subjected to phylogenetic analysis to explore "Equine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis" (EGA) infection in three important gathering race horses areas in Baghdad governorate, Iraq. Blood samples were obtained from 160 horses of varying ages, three breeds, and both sexes, between January and December 2021. Prevalence and risk variables for anaplasmosis were analyzed using statistical odds ratio and chi-square tests. Results demonstrated that clinical anaplasmosis symptoms comprised jaundice, weight loss, paleness of mucus membrane with petechial hemorrhage in the third elides, and edema in extremities; There was no tick infestation. The hematological test did not significantly reveal decreases in red and white blood cells and platelet count. Microscopically found 11 from 160 smears (6.88) had morulae within granulocytes, PCR results of Anaplasma spp primers was 32 positive amplicons (20), and molecular sequencing results of â��16S ribosomal RNA genesâ�� confirmed 21 horses (13.13) infected by Anaplasma phagocytophilum for the first time in Iraq horses. The results of the phylogenetic analysis revealed compatibility values similarity 98.81-99.76 with worldwide isolates. Mares occurred not significantly riskier; also age and breed were not illustrated risks of any group. This study is the first molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in racehorses reared in Baghdad in Iraq. The outcomes of this study provide genetic data for early identification of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection, treatment, and management of the illness in Iraq horses, as well as monitoring its transmission to the human population. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
PHYLOGENETIC IDENTIFICATION OF Anaplasma phagocytophilum IN HORSES IN BAGHDAD, IRAQ
INFLUENCE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF ANTIBIOTIC AND THYME ON ZOOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS AND CAECAL MICROFLORA OF GROWING RABBIT (Text)
INFLUENCE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF ANTIBIOTIC AND THYME ON ZOOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS AND CAECAL MICROFLORA OF GROWING RABBIT (Other)
HTML Summary of #849 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">INFLUENCE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF ANTIBIOTIC AND THYME ON ZOOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS AND CAECAL MICROFLORA OF GROWING RABBIT</epc:when>
The objective of this study was to compare the influence of antibiotic and thyme dietary supplements on zootechnical parameters and caecal microflora of growing rabbits. One hundred and ninety eight weaned rabbits (forty days old), white New Zealand (of both sexes) were divided into three groups to submit to the following dietary treatments: Control diet, diet A (control diet + 100 ppm zinc bacitracin), and diet T (control diet + 7 Thymus capitatus leaves) for twenty-one days. The remaining nine days they received only the control diet. The results showed that both the live body weight and feed conversion ratio were positively affected by the antibiotic diet (P<0.05). However, the rabbits' growth performance was not influenced by dietary thyme supplements. The antimicrobial effect of thyme observed against C. perfringens in caecum is not determined even after 20 days of treatment. In conclusion, zootechnical parameters and mortality were not positively affected by dietary thyme supplements comparing it with the antibiotic diet, but these phytobiotics showed the antibacterial effect against E. coli and C. perfringens in caecum of rabbit. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
INFLUENCE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF ANTIBIOTIC AND THYME ON ZOOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS AND CAECAL MICROFLORA OF GROWING RABBIT
Carcass characteristics and meat quality of crossbred (Brahman × Lai Sind) and (Red Angus × Lai Sind) bulls kept in small scale farms (Text)
Carcass characteristics and meat quality of crossbred (Brahman × Lai Sind) and (Red Angus × Lai Sind) bulls kept in small scale farms (Other)
HTML Summary of #848 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Carcass characteristics and meat quality of crossbred (Brahman × Lai Sind) and (Red Angus × Lai Sind) bulls kept in small scale farms</epc:when>
This study aimed to evaluate carcass characteristics and meat quality of cross-bred (Brahman × Lai Sind, BL) bulls and cross-bred (Red Angus × Lai Sind, AL) bulls. A total of 30 bulls, 15 head/crossbred genotype were fattened for 90 days before slaughtering at 24 months of age. Carcass traits and meat quality were accordingly measured in 30 slaughtered animals. Results showed that the slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass dressing, meat percentage, loin muscle area were higher for AL bulls than for BL bulls (p<0.05). The color of the meat was not affected by genotype with exception of L* at 48, 168 and 336 hours after slaughter, and this value was higher in AL than in BL bulls (p<0.05). The pH of the meat was not different between genotypes (p>0.05) but decreased quickly at 24 hours after slaughter (p<0.05), then maintained not significantly during storage times. The drip loss, cooking loss and tenderness of the meat were affected by cattle genotype and these values were lower in AL bulls than in BL bulls (p<0.05). In conclusion, crossbred (Red Angus × Lai Sind) bulls were higher carcass characteristics, and were better meat quality than crossbred (Brahman × Lai Sind) bulls.
Carcass characteristics and meat quality of crossbred (Brahman × Lai Sind) and (Red Angus × Lai Sind) bulls kept in small scale farms
OCCURRENCE OF PARASITES IN FISH MARKETED IN THE INEZGANE WHOLESALE MARKET AND THE FISHING PORT OF AGADIR, MOROCCO (Text)
OCCURRENCE OF PARASITES IN FISH MARKETED IN THE INEZGANE WHOLESALE MARKET AND THE FISHING PORT OF AGADIR, MOROCCO (Other)
HTML Summary of #851 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">OCCURRENCE OF PARASITES IN FISH MARKETED IN THE INEZGANE WHOLESALE MARKET AND THE FISHING PORT OF AGADIR, MOROCCO</epc:when>
Based on importance of animal products safety, the purpose of this work was to assess the extent of parasitism at the wholesale market level of Inezgane and the fishing port of Agadir in Morocco. For this purpose, fieldwork aimed at direct investigation of parasites involved 366 fish pieces. This study was conducted in the period between March and June 2021. The prevalence of parasitism was 20.76. The total number of parasites collected is 2385 including 1959 nematodes, 318 xenomas, 92 cestodes, and 16 isopods. An abundance of 6.51 and an overall intensity of 31.38. These infestation parameters varied by species and location of origin. For the qualitative analysis of the parasites, the study revealed a predominance of L3 larvae of the Anisakis nematode with a percentage of 82.14. Xenomas had a percentage of 13.33. As for the cestodes of Gymnorhynchus gigas, the larvae were collected from the Atlantic pomfret (Brama brama) with a percentage of 3.86. As a result of this study, a significant positive correlation of r=0.81 was shown between the total length of the fish and the number of anisakids. The results of this study revealed that the extent of parasitism seems to be less pronounced in some species, but there is still a presence of concern. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
OCCURRENCE OF PARASITES IN FISH MARKETED IN THE INEZGANE WHOLESALE MARKET AND THE FISHING PORT OF AGADIR, MOROCCO
VARIABILITY IN PROXIMATE AND MINERAL COMPOSITIONS OF YOLK AND ALBUMEN IN EGGS KEPT UNDER DIFFERENT STORAGE CONDITIONS (Text)
VARIABILITY IN PROXIMATE AND MINERAL COMPOSITIONS OF YOLK AND ALBUMEN IN EGGS KEPT UNDER DIFFERENT STORAGE CONDITIONS (Other)
HTML Summary of #842 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">VARIABILITY IN PROXIMATE AND MINERAL COMPOSITIONS OF YOLK AND ALBUMEN IN EGGS KEPT UNDER DIFFERENT STORAGE CONDITIONS</epc:when>
This investigation evaluated the effects of storage length and temperature on the proximate and mineral compositions of yolk and albumen (white) of chicken eggs. A total of 720 eggs were used in a 4 X 2 factorial experiment consisting of four (0, 7, 14 and 21) storage days and two (room and cold) storage temperatures. Data obtained were subjected to ANOVA. The results showed no significant effect of storage length on crude protein and ash contents of the egg parts whereas carbohydrate increased significantly with increasing storage length. Also, protein and fat contents of the yolk were largely influenced (p<0.05) by storage temperature but nutrients in the albumen did not differ significantly between the two storage temperatures. On the other hand, mineral compositions of the egg components did not vary noticeably by storage temperature but storage length influenced some minerals considerably. It was noted that variations in proximate and mineral contents of egg yolk and albumen under different storage conditions exist; so, storage conditions (length and temperature) must be given much attention when keeping eggs prior to consumption in order to ensure nutrient quality. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
VARIABILITY IN PROXIMATE AND MINERAL COMPOSITIONS OF YOLK AND ALBUMEN IN EGGS KEPT UNDER DIFFERENT STORAGE CONDITIONS
IMPACT AND PREVALENCE OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN VILLAGE CHICKENS IN SOUTHERN NIGER (Text)
IMPACT AND PREVALENCE OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN VILLAGE CHICKENS IN SOUTHERN NIGER (Other)
HTML Summary of #846 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">IMPACT AND PREVALENCE OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN VILLAGE CHICKENS IN SOUTHERN NIGER</epc:when>
The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Newcastle disease and to identify potential risk factors in village chickens in Niger. A total of 1,627 serum samples were collected using a stratified random sampling method with proportional allocation. Samples were collected from village breedings in the departments of the Maradi region (Guidan Roumdji, Madarounfa, Aguié, Gazaoua, and Tessaoua), departments of Zinder region (Takeita, Kantché, Magaria, Dungass, and Mirriah), and cities of Maradi and Zinder. Data on risk factors were collected through an interview with the herders. All collected sera were subjected to competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) to detect Newcastle disease virus-induced antibodies. The findings were indicative of 302 positive sera, representing an overall seroprevalence of 18.6. The Studentâ��s t-test at p<0.05 revealed a significant difference between regions and among some departments. Furthermore, the logistic regression test identified the agroecological zone, type of breeding, species mix, and the origin of the animals as risk factors associated with seropositivity to Newcastle disease virus. The present results confirmed the exposure of village chickens to the Newcastle disease virus, emphasizing the need to intensify vaccination campaigns and educate poultry farmers on adopting biosecurity measures. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
IMPACT AND PREVALENCE OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN VILLAGE CHICKENS IN SOUTHERN NIGER
EXTRACTING PHYTOCOMPOUNDS FROM Mucuna pruriens LEAVES AS POTENTIAL RUMINANT FEED ADDITIVES USING DIFFERENT SOLVENTS (Text)
EXTRACTING PHYTOCOMPOUNDS FROM Mucuna pruriens LEAVES AS POTENTIAL RUMINANT FEED ADDITIVES USING DIFFERENT SOLVENTS (Other)
HTML Summary of #843 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EXTRACTING PHYTOCOMPOUNDS FROM Mucuna pruriens LEAVES AS POTENTIAL RUMINANT FEED ADDITIVES USING DIFFERENT SOLVENTS</epc:when>
Some secondary metabolites of plants could serve as ruminant feed additives. They primarily preserve protein from rumen breakdown, reduce rumen protozoa population, and decrease methane gas production. The current study aimed to identify the phytocompounds content of extracted Mucuna pruriens leaves using the Microwave-assisted extraction method using three different solvents of methanol 70 (EM), aquadest (EA), and combinations of EM and EA (EK). The phytocompounds were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Some phytocompounds identified in the Mucuna pruriens substances from GC-MS curve proportion area of EM were 10.35 inositol, 3.1 quinazoline, 4.72 anthraquinone, 3.76 Coptisine, 2.06 isoquinoline, 2.18 D-gluconic acid, 2.83 D-Fructose, 3.91 D-glucose, and 4.59 butanedioic acid. The phytocompounds for EK were 17.22 inositol, 6.36 Niclosamide, 1.4 Acetamide, 1.32 Aniline, 55.97 4-Amino-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofuro2,3-b quinoline-3-carbonitrile, 17.22% inositol. Furthermore, 22.73% inositol, 6.55%, ribonoic acid, 5.58%, silanol, 21.27% butanodioic acid, 2.88% Fluoroquinoxaline, 5,31%, glycerol, 1,64%, D-gluconic acid were found in the EA. The EA had high inositol content, the EK had high quinoline content, and the EM showed moderate results for all phytobiotics. The total phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins content significantly differed among the three solvents. The EA yielded the highest concentrations of total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins, but the lowest concentration of total saponins. In contrast, the EM yielded the lowest total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins content, but the highest total saponins content. Meanwhile, the EK yielded modest results for all phytocompounds, with values between EA and EM. In conclusion, the methanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens substance had the highest phytocompounds and bioactive potential as ruminant feed additives. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
EXTRACTING PHYTOCOMPOUNDS FROM Mucuna pruriens LEAVES AS POTENTIAL RUMINANT FEED ADDITIVES USING DIFFERENT SOLVENTS
NEW GROWTH MEDIUM FOR CULTURING LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AS PROBIOTIC CONSORTIUM ISOLATED FROM FERMENTED FISH (BUDU) (Text)
NEW GROWTH MEDIUM FOR CULTURING LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AS PROBIOTIC CONSORTIUM ISOLATED FROM FERMENTED FISH (BUDU) (Other)
HTML Summary of #845 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">NEW GROWTH MEDIUM FOR CULTURING LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AS PROBIOTIC CONSORTIUM ISOLATED FROM FERMENTED FISH (BUDU)</epc:when>
This study aimed to obtain the best ratio of inoculums and types of alternative media in increasing the growth of the probiotic consortium with the observed variables consisting of viability, cell biomass and decrease in pH. Completely randomized design (CRD) factorial consisting of 2 factors with 3 replications, factor A were the probiotic consortium (A1: Lactobacillus parabuchneri: L. buchneri: L. harbinensis, Schieferilactobacillus harbinensis and Lentilactobacillus parabuchner) with ratio 1:1:1:1:1; A2: same consortium with ratio 1:1:1:1:2; A3: same consortium with ratio 1:1:1:2:1; A4: same consortium with ratio 1:1:2:1:1; A5: same consortium with ratio 1:2:1:1:1; A6: same consortium with ratio 2:1:1:1:1 and factor B were the type of alternative media (B1=control; B2=coconut water (90) + cassava flour (5) + fish waste flour (5); B3=tofu liquid waste (90) + flour onggok (5) + fish waste meal (5); B4= tofu whey (90) + onggok flour (5) + fish waste meal (5). The results showed that there was an interaction between factor A and factor B which was highly significant (P<0.01) on viability, cell biomass and decrease in medium pH. In conclusion, the best ratio of probiotic consortium was 1:1:1:2:1, with growth medium coconut water (90) + cassava flour (5) + fish waste flour (5) which resulted in a viability value of: 3, 02, cell biomass: 22.47 mg/ml and a decrease in the pH of the medium by 2.84. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
NEW GROWTH MEDIUM FOR CULTURING LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AS PROBIOTIC CONSORTIUM ISOLATED FROM FERMENTED FISH (BUDU)
ANALYSIS OF RUMEN DEGRADATION CHARACTERISTICS OF FORAGE CRUDE PROTEIN IN GOAT (Text)
ANALYSIS OF RUMEN DEGRADATION CHARACTERISTICS OF FORAGE CRUDE PROTEIN IN GOAT (Other)
HTML Summary of #847 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">ANALYSIS OF RUMEN DEGRADATION CHARACTERISTICS OF FORAGE CRUDE PROTEIN IN GOAT</epc:when>
The quality of feed given to ruminants can be determined from the degradation of nutrient content in the rumen. This study aimed to determine the pattern of forage degradation and the characteristics degradation of crude protein in the rumen using the in sacco method. The study used 4 fistulae kacang goats with an average body weight of 14.57 kg. The forage used consisted of R1: elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), R2: mini elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott), R3: guinea grass (Panicum maximum), and R4: signal grass (Bracharia decumbens). The nylon bag is made of polyester measuring 8x4 cm with a porosity of 40μm. Feed samples were put into the rumen and incubated for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. The parameters measured were consumption, patterns, and forage degradation characteristics by calculating the values of a, b, c, a+b, lag time, and ED. Determination characteristics of feed degradation in the rumen by in sacco method will be analyzed. The results showed that the characteristics of crude protein degradation had significant differences in fraction values a, b, a+b, and lag time (P<0.05), while c and ED did not have significant differences (P>0.05). In conclusion the crude protein of the degradation characteristics in the rumen were: elephant grass (a: 9.88, b: 64.37, and c: 0.06/h-1), mini elephant grass (a: 16.50, b: 45.24, and c: 0.05/h-1), guinea grass (a: 7.42, b: 68.24, and c: 0.05/h-1), and signal grass (a: 6.79, b: 56.19, and c: 0.07/h-1). So, grass can provide sufficient protein for microbial growth in the rumen for ruminants. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
ANALYSIS OF RUMEN DEGRADATION CHARACTERISTICS OF FORAGE CRUDE PROTEIN IN GOAT
COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF VITAMIN COMPLEX AND ORANGE EXTRACT ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BLOOD PARAMETERS OF TRANSPORTED PULLETS IN HUMID TROPICS (Text)
COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF VITAMIN COMPLEX AND ORANGE EXTRACT ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BLOOD PARAMETERS OF TRANSPORTED PULLETS IN HUMID TROPICS (Other)
HTML Summary of #836 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF VITAMIN COMPLEX AND ORANGE EXTRACT ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BLOOD PARAMETERS OF TRANSPORTED PULLETS IN HUMID TROPICS</epc:when>
The comparative modulating effects of synthetic and natural source of ascorbic acid (AA) were investigated on transporting pullet birds in the hot-dry season of humid tropics. Ninety-six 16 weeks Isa-brown pullets were randomly allotted in a completely randomized design into four treatments of oral vitamin supplementation 5 days before transportation i.e; T1 (ordinary water), T2 (synthetic vitamin), T3 (30 citrus-sweet orange), T4 (50 citrus-sweet orange). Birds were crated and transported for 3 hrs covering 135km at 45km/hr. Meteorological values were monitored during the journey and no mortality was recorded. The results revealed that treatments had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on measured physiological parameters body temperature (BTC), rectal temperature (RTC), respiratory rate (RR) and panting rate (PR), hematological parameters and measured serum biochemical parameters as compared to the control group (T1). The treatments group of orange at different inclusion ratios (T3 and T4) compared well with pullet birds on oral supplementation of synthetic vitamin (T2) and were significantly different (p < 0.05) from birds on control water treatment (T1). Birds on control (T1) had the highest values for all measured physiological parameters which were significantly different from other groups (p<0.05). Birds in the control treatment (T1) were more stressed as compared to other treatment groups, indicated by increased hematological and serum biochemical parameters except for a decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) as compared to other treatments. It can be deduced from this study that the oral supplementation of natural source of ascorbic acid (Citrus sinensis) and synthetic vitamin supplement helps to ameliorate the effect of transportation stress. Citrus sinensis extract can be a suitable alternative that is readily available for farmers and stakeholders. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF VITAMIN COMPLEX AND ORANGE EXTRACT ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BLOOD PARAMETERS OF TRANSPORTED PULLETS IN HUMID TROPICS
EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTION OF FERMENTED CHICKEN LITTER WITH CONCENTRATE ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF SHEEP (Text)
EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTION OF FERMENTED CHICKEN LITTER WITH CONCENTRATE ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF SHEEP (Other)
HTML Summary of #881 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTION OF FERMENTED CHICKEN LITTER WITH CONCENTRATE ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF SHEEP</epc:when>
: The study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementing fermented chicken litter on feed consumption, nutrient digestibility (dry matter/DM, organic matter/OM, crude fiber/CF, extract ether/EE, crude protein/CP), total digestible nutrients (TDN), and average daily gain (ADG) in sheep. A completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications, namely T0 = concentrate without the addition of fermented litter, T1 = 90 concentrate + 10 fermented litter, T2 = 80 concentrate + 20 fermented litter, T3 = 70 concentrate + 30 fermented litter and T4 = 60 concentrate + 40 fermented litter was used. The parameters studied were dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), extract ether digestibility (EED), crude fiber digestibility (CFD), crude protein digestibility (CPD), TDN, feed consumption and average daily gain. The results revealed that sheep fed different levels of fermented litter did not affect OMD, DMD, EED, CPD, CFD, TDN, dry matter consumption, and average daily gain (ADG). It was concluded that fermented chicken litter can be incorporated in sheep diet, without considerable negative effects. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTION OF FERMENTED CHICKEN LITTER WITH CONCENTRATE ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF SHEEP
IMPACT OF PHASE-FEEDING PROGRAMS ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS IN NIGERIA (Text)
IMPACT OF PHASE-FEEDING PROGRAMS ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS IN NIGERIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #840 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">IMPACT OF PHASE-FEEDING PROGRAMS ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS IN NIGERIA</epc:when>
Phase-feeding is the feeding of several diets for a relatively short period of time to specifically meet an animalâ��s nutrient requirements. The study evaluated the effect of different phase feeding methods on growth and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A total of 120-day-old chicks of the FIDAN strain were assigned to four dietary treatments of 30 birds each, 15 birds per replicate. Birds were fed at different phases: Phase 1 were fed broiler starter diet alone for 8 weeks; Phase 2 birds were fed starter diet from 0-4 weeks and 1st finisher diet from 5-8 weeks. Phase 3 birds were fed starter diet from 0-3 weeks, 1st finisher diet from 4-6 weeks and 2nd finisher diet from 6-8 weeks. Phase 4 birds were fed starter diet from 0-2 weeks, 1st finisher diet from 2-4 weeks, 2nd finisher diet from 4-6 weeks and 3rd finisher diet from 6-8 weeks of age. Result no significant differences (p>0.05) between the groups in body weight gain (2.91-2.47 kg/bird) and feed conversion ratio (2.03-2.34). Total feed intake was highest in phase 1 (6.70 kg/bird) followed by phase 2 birds (6.41 kg). Dressed weight in Phase 1 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than others, followed by Phase 2. Dressing percentage did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between the groups. Feed cost between treatments was however significantly (p<0.05) different, Phase 1 diet being costliest. Phase-feeding using phase 4 regime elicited reduced dietary cost without compromising optimal performance of the birds. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
IMPACT OF PHASE-FEEDING PROGRAMS ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS IN NIGERIA
EFFECT OF THREE DIFFERENT PROCESSING TECHNIQUES OF SOYBEAN ON NUTRITIONAL AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE QUAIL (Coturnix japonica) (Text)
EFFECT OF THREE DIFFERENT PROCESSING TECHNIQUES OF SOYBEAN ON NUTRITIONAL AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE QUAIL (Coturnix japonica) (Other)
HTML Summary of #882 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF THREE DIFFERENT PROCESSING TECHNIQUES OF SOYBEAN ON NUTRITIONAL AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE QUAIL (Coturnix japonica)</epc:when>
The experiment investigated the effects of various soya bean groups (boiled, fermented, and roasted) on Japanese quail at 3 weeks old. 160 Japanese quail were randomly assigned to four treatments (control, boiling soya beans, fermented soya beans, roasted soya beans) with four duplicates each. The 12- week trial lasted. Data on weekly body weights and feed conversion ratio were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honestly significant at 5 probability test. The result shows there are significant differences in weekly weights of Japanese quail at weeks 1 (828.12-1083.24g), 2 (1026.47- 1362.02g), and 3 (1325.69-1528.20g) with the highest observed in birds in treatment 2 (boiled soya beans). The maximum FCR was in week 1 for all treatments, while the lowest was in treatment 3 for weeks 5 and 9 (0.83; P<0.05). Week 1 to week 12 feed conversion ratio decreases. The birds' feed conversion ratios varied significantly (P<0.05). The quails in treatment 4 (roasted soybeans) had the greatest weekly weight after the trial (1742.34g). Thus, quails in treatment 3 (roasted soybean) had the best development performance than the control, boiled and fermented. So it is advised that roasted soybean can be an efficient diet for Japanese quails for maximum performance. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
EFFECT OF THREE DIFFERENT PROCESSING TECHNIQUES OF SOYBEAN ON NUTRITIONAL AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE QUAIL (Coturnix japonica)
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING CONDITIONS ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF PEKIN, LOCAL, AND CROSSBRED DUCKS (Text)
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING CONDITIONS ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF PEKIN, LOCAL, AND CROSSBRED DUCKS (Other)
HTML Summary of #841 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING CONDITIONS ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF PEKIN, LOCAL, AND CROSSBRED DUCKS</epc:when>
The objective of the study was to investigate performance and carcass quality of Pekin, local, and cross-breed ducks raised under different feeding (varied in protein and fiber levels). A total of 180 male ducks aged 14 days, consisting of 60 Pekin ducks, 60 local ducks (Mojosari), and 60 cross-breed (Mojosari + Alabio) ducks were used in the study. Each type of duck was randomly divided into 36 units of cages, each of which was filled with 5 ducks. The data obtained from the study were analyzed according to a completely randomized design with 2x3 factorial pattern. Initial body weight of local ducks at 14 days was significantly (P<0.01) lower than that of Pekin and cross-breed ducks, while, Pekin ducks were higher than the other two types of ducks. On the other hand, feed consumption was significantly (P<0.01) influenced by the type of diet and breed. While carcass percentage was significantly (P<0.01) influenced by breed and diet types. The percentage of Pekin duck carcasses that received diet A (low protein and fiber) was significantly different (P<0.05) from cross-breed ducks, in comparison to local ducks. In conclusion the feed conversion rate and final body weight for diet A showed better results than diet B (high protein and high fiber) on the Pekin duck. Meanwhile, the carcass characteristics like abdominal fat of diet B (for Pekin, local duck, and cross breed) were better than diet A (for Pekin and local duck). Itâ��s suggested to use Pekin ducks with low protein and low fiber diet to get the better performance, in compared with local ducks which needs high protein and high fiber content in diet. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING CONDITIONS ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF PEKIN, LOCAL, AND CROSSBRED DUCKS
IMPACT OF PHYTOGENIC FORMULATION ON PERFORMANCE AND FATTY LIVER DISEASE OF BROILER CHICKENS (Text)
IMPACT OF PHYTOGENIC FORMULATION ON PERFORMANCE AND FATTY LIVER DISEASE OF BROILER CHICKENS (Other)
HTML Summary of #839 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">IMPACT OF PHYTOGENIC FORMULATION ON PERFORMANCE AND FATTY LIVER DISEASE OF BROILER CHICKENS</epc:when>
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of polyherbal (phytogenic) formulation (PHF: containing Acacia nilotica and Curcuma longa) on performance parameters, liver histopathology and prevention of fatty liver in broilers. 700 day-old chicks were randomly distributed to seven groups (10 replicates /group; 10 birds each), namely positive control (T1) fed with basal diet + choline chloride (CCL) 60 (1000g), negative control (T2) fed with high energy (5 increment), low protein (24 reduction), high cholesterol (2 increment) diet, T3 (T2 + PHF; 1000g-full cycle), T4 (T2 + PHF; 2000g-full cycle), T5 (T2 + CCL 60 (1000g-full cycle)), T6 (T5 + PHF; 1000g-grower and finisher stage), T7 (T5 + PHF; 2000g-finisher stage). Average daily gain (ADG; g), average daily feed intake (ADFI; g) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated at 1-14 days, 15-28 days, 29-42 days, and 1-42 days. Serum triglycerides analysis, gross and histopathological observations of liver morphology were performed for the samples of control and experimental groups on day 42. The performance parameters; ADG, ADFI, FCR, and liveability were found to be improved in all the groups as compared to the negative control group. However, better performance was observed in PHF (2000g) top-up group (during the finisher stage) as compared to the negative control group. Serum triglyceride levels were increased non-significantly as compared to the negative control indicating that more fat is mobilized from liver to serum. In addition, PHF supplementation at 2000g during the finisher phase had restored the liver tissue architecture as well as improved the liver score when compared to the negative control group. It is concluded that PHF (2000g/ton) during the finisher stage can be used as a top-up to improve the performance parameters as well as to prevent the fatty liver condition in broiler chickens. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
IMPACT OF PHYTOGENIC FORMULATION ON PERFORMANCE AND FATTY LIVER DISEASE OF BROILER CHICKENS
EVALUATION OF FERMENTATION PROGRESS DURING STORAGE OF MILLET STOVERS SILAGE BASED ON pH-INDICATORS (Text)
EVALUATION OF FERMENTATION PROGRESS DURING STORAGE OF MILLET STOVERS SILAGE BASED ON pH-INDICATORS (Other)
HTML Summary of #853 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EVALUATION OF FERMENTATION PROGRESS DURING STORAGE OF MILLET STOVERS SILAGE BASED ON pH-INDICATORS</epc:when>
This study aimed at evaluating the fermentation levels of pearl millet Pennisetum Glaucum (L.) R. Br stovers silage during storage based on pH evolution. A completely randomized experimental design in a 6x2x2 factorial scheme with three replications for each treatment was used to evaluate three factors (6 cultivars, 2 different cutting stages, and with or without salt addition to the cultivars). The silages were prepared in plastic bags and stored for 60 days at room temperature. The results revealed that the pH values of the treatments were significantly (P<0.05) higher on the first day than in the other periods and a rapid drop in pH, with significant differences (P<0.05), to levels below 4 was obtained on the third day of storage for the majority of local Sadoé and Siaka Millet silages (Niger). Four types of pH evolution were recorded and the variation was statistical significant among cultivars. Also, analysis of the relationships between pH, chemical composition parameters and In Vitro Digestibiliy of Organic Matter (IVDOM) showed that increasing pH values were associated with increasing Dry Matter content of stovers before silage (DM_BE), Dry Matter content of silages (DM_S), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) values and decreasing Crude Protein (CP), Metabolizable Energy (ME), IVOMD, and Ash values. However, the pH values obtained for all silages showed that all the millet stovers used were suitable for silage. At the maturity stage, it is thus possible to use the grain for human consumption and to ensile the stovers for animal feed. This study also shows that monitoring the pH in the silo makes it possible to evaluate the quality of the fermentations to avoid losses on the farms. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
EVALUATION OF FERMENTATION PROGRESS DURING STORAGE OF MILLET STOVERS SILAGE BASED ON pH-INDICATORS
THE QUALITY OF FERMENTED RICE STRAW WITH Trichoderma viride INOCULUM (Text)
THE QUALITY OF FERMENTED RICE STRAW WITH Trichoderma viride INOCULUM (Other)
HTML Summary of #837 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">THE QUALITY OF FERMENTED RICE STRAW WITH Trichoderma viride INOCULUM</epc:when>
Rice straw has several nutritional weaknesses, namely its high silica and lignin content, and its low level of protein, minerals and vitamins, so the impact on digestibility is also low. Aim of present study was to evaluating nutritional efficacy of rice straw after fermentation with Trichoderma viride. The study was conducted by using complete random design. There were three different treatments with four replicates for each treatment. Fermented rice straws were treated with varying concentrations of Trichoderma viride inoculum as follows; 0.5 (T1), 1 (T2), and 1.5 (T3). Fermented rice straw's nutrients, including dry ingredients, organic material, crude fiber, crude protein, dry matter digestibility coefficients, and organic matter digestibility coefficients were measured in this study. T3 (1.5 of T. viride) treatment performed a proper nutrient, with 80.02 dry ingredients, 80.03 organic materials, 31.68 crude fiber, 5.72 protein, 38.46 dry matter digestibility coefficient, and 61.05 organic matter digestibility coefficient. In conclusion, using 1.5 Trichoderma viride to improve the quality of rice straw, as stimulator of fermentation process can be efficient in ruminant or non-ruminant nutrition. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
THE QUALITY OF FERMENTED RICE STRAW WITH Trichoderma viride INOCULUM
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND DIGESTIBILITY OF AMMONIATED BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (Vigna subterranea) SHELL FOR RUMINANTS (Text)
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND DIGESTIBILITY OF AMMONIATED BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (Vigna subterranea) SHELL FOR RUMINANTS (Other)
HTML Summary of #838 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND DIGESTIBILITY OF AMMONIATED BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (Vigna subterranea) SHELL FOR RUMINANTS</epc:when>
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the physical properties, chemical quality, and digestibility of the ammoniated Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) shell as ruminant feed. Bambara groundnut shell (BGS) were collected, ground with a grinder machine, afterward added 0, 3 and 5 ( DM) urea levels into 500 g of sample. Samples were mixed until homogeneous, then put into plastic bottles, after that stored for 7 and 14 days. Opened, dried in the oven at 650C for 48 hours and ground. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used with 5 treatments of BGS ammoniation (T0= control, T1= BGS + 3 urea and 7 days storage, T2= BGS +5 urea and 7 days storage, T3= BGS + 3 urea and 14 days storage, and T4= BGS + 5 urea and 14 days storage time), 4 replications each. The result of this study showed that the increase of urea level and days storage time, can decrease crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and hemicellulose contents of all samples (P<0.05) and increase the value of bulk density, tapped density, in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro organic matter digestibility in comparison to untreated samples (P<0.05). It was concluded that the T4 was the best treatment. The BGS ammoniated with 5 urea for a period 14 days of storage causes the lowest value of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and hemicellulose, and also causes the highest value of bulk density, tapped density, crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro organic matter. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND DIGESTIBILITY OF AMMONIATED BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (Vigna subterranea) SHELL FOR RUMINANTS
USE OF FISH WASTE TO SILAGE PREPARATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN ANIMAL NUTRITION (Text)
USE OF FISH WASTE TO SILAGE PREPARATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN ANIMAL NUTRITION (Other)
HTML Summary of #835 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">USE OF FISH WASTE TO SILAGE PREPARATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN ANIMAL NUTRITION</epc:when>
In recent years, global aquaculture production has increased, leading to an increase in fish waste. These wastes, which in many cases are disposed directly without trying to take advantage of them, are a major environmental and economic problem that may affect the sustainability of the fishing and aquaculture industry. Therefore, their use seems necessary to reduce pollution and make the aquatic industry more efficient. Most of well-known technologies for using fish waste are not economically attractive due to the need for high initial investment. But an easy and inexpensive way to use these wastes is to convert them into silage. Fish silage is a product of good nutritional quality included in animal diets as part of the feed. Fish silage is a liquid product made from whole fish or parts of it to which lactic acid-producing acids, enzymes or bacteria are added, and the liquefaction of the material indicates the action of enzymes present in the fish. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to investigate the use of aquatic waste for preparing silage and the possibility of using it in animal nutrition. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
USE OF FISH WASTE TO SILAGE PREPARATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN ANIMAL NUTRITION
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF RAW AND COOKED ONIONS IN RABBIT DOE NUTRITION (Text)
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF RAW AND COOKED ONIONS IN RABBIT DOE NUTRITION (Other)
HTML Summary of #852 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF RAW AND COOKED ONIONS IN RABBIT DOE NUTRITION</epc:when>
The aim of this research is to examine how raw and cooked onions affect some antioxidant enzymes and some tissues in female rabbits. Twenty-four female albino rabbits weighing (1-1.5 Kg), (5-6 months age), non-pregnant, were used for the experiment, and they were divided into three groups for a duration of 28 days. A 20 g/kg raw onion and same amount of cooked onion were added to the second and third groupsâ�� diets respectively for comparison of results with control groups without any addition of onion. Results showed that diets supplemented with raw and cooked onion significantly increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The cooked onion group showed normal and no pathological changes in liver, kidney, and heart tissues, while liver tissues of both control and raw onion groups suffered extreme congestion in the central veins of the liver lobules and in kidney tissues of only control rabbits, developed hemorrhagic foci was observed. In the control and raw onion groups, the heart tissue showed the development of hemorrhagic foci and necrosis in the heart muscle fibers. In conclusion, both raw and cooked onions boosted the activity of SOD enzyme, but the cooked onions showed to be more effective than raw at protecting liver, kidney, and heart tissues against cell necrosis caused by oxidative processes. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF RAW AND COOKED ONIONS IN RABBIT DOE NUTRITION
The Role of Head Associated Lymphoid Tissues in Infectious Bronchitis Virus (Text)
The Role of Head Associated Lymphoid Tissues in Infectious Bronchitis Virus (Other)
HTML Summary of #813 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Role of Head Associated Lymphoid Tissues in Infectious Bronchitis Virus</epc:when>
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) replicates primarily in the epithelial tissues of the respiratory tract, particularly the trachea. However, little is known about IBV replication and immune responses in relation to head-associated lymphoid tissue (HALT), such as the Harderian gland (HG) and choanal cleft, as well as respiratory (turbinate) tissues. Furthermore, few studies have looked into the role of the HG, choanal cleft, pharyngeal tissues, and turbinate in innate, cellular, and mucosal immune responses of commercial broiler chickens and laying hens infected with IBV, compared to the studies about the ettenf tc ffe trachea. This review article overviewed the role of avian HALT, conjunctival-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT), concerning the anatomical, physiological, and immune responses to infectious bronchitis disease in chickens. The HG, choanal cleft, and turbinate in innate, mucosal, and cellular immune responses play a significant role in avian protection through virulent or attenuated vaccines of IBVs. The IBV viruses could not reach the trachea in chickens vaccinated with IBV vaccine due to the inhibition of viruses by HALT and respiratory tissues by innate, mucosal, and cellular immunity. It can be concluded that other than the trachea, the HALT and respiratory tissues play an important role in the infectivity and immune induction against IBVs due to their proximity to the upper air passages. © 2023,. All Rights Reserved.
The Role of Head Associated Lymphoid Tissues in Infectious Bronchitis Virus
The Efficiency of Urtica dioica Extract in Feeding of Laying Hens (Text)
The Efficiency of Urtica dioica Extract in Feeding of Laying Hens (Other)
HTML Summary of #764 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Efficiency of Urtica dioica Extract in Feeding of Laying Hens</epc:when>
Currently, poultry specialists are working hard to find feed additives of natural origin. Medicinal plants are a source of a wide range of biologically active compounds with multifunctional effects, including antimicrobial ones. To understand the potential use of various medicinal plants and their extracts in poultry farming, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of feeding different doses of water-ethanol extract of Urtica dioica (Urtica dioica L.) on the egg productivity of laying hens. A total of 300 laying hens were divided to control and five experimental groups of chickens, each with 5 replicates. During the entire experiment, the laying hens of the control group were fed complete compound feeds according to the egg-laying phase, and the chickens of the experimental groups were additionally fed Urtica dioica extract in different doses. The results indicated that feeding laying hens with Urtica dioica extract in doses of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mg/kg of body weight had a positive effect on their egg productivity. An increase in egg production per average laying hen in the experimental groups was 2.6-6.1, and the intensity of egg production was 2.1-5.4, compared to the control. However, the feed consumption in all experimental groups decreased. When introducing Urtica dioica extract into full-fledged compound feeds for laying hens, there was an increase in the relative egg white content, egg white/egg yolk ratio, and a decrease in relative yolk and shell content. Accordingly, it is suggested to include Urtica dioica extract at a dose of 15 mg/kg in the diet of laying hens which can improve economic efficiency and egg parameters © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
The Efficiency of Urtica dioica Extract in Feeding of Laying Hens
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Red Meat Handlers in Moroccan Slaughterhouses (Text)
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Red Meat Handlers in Moroccan Slaughterhouses (Other)
HTML Summary of #816 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Red Meat Handlers in Moroccan Slaughterhouses</epc:when>
Meat handlers are vectors of pathogens in slaughterhouses and can play a major role in the microbiological contamination of meat. The level of knowledge of meat handlers in slaughterhouses is a critical factor in food safety. Good hygienic practices in the slaughterhouse are required to reduce the risk of microbiological contamination while handling meat. This study evaluated workersâ�� knowledge, attitudes, and practices in four municipal slaughterhouses in Morocco. A total of 267 employees were evaluated using a structured survey. The results showed that workers had acceptable knowledge and practices, and their attitudes were very satisfactory, averaging 52.87, 50.9, and 63.07, respectively. A positive correlation between the workersâ�� level of knowledge and education was found in all studied slaughterhouses. Similarly, the results indicated a positive correlation between knowledge and attitudes at Meknes and Kenitra slaughterhouses. The impact of the studied sociodemographic characteristics may vary from one slaughterhouse to another. In conclusion, the study suggested that although the knowledge, attitudes, and level of practice of food handlers were very satisfactory, some aspects related to the control of the health status of the handlers and personal protective equipment had to be underlined. Ongoing food safety training should become mandatory to enhance food safety in the slaughterhouses of study locations © 2023, World's Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Red Meat Handlers in Moroccan Slaughterhouses
HTML Summary of #752 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Poultry Management Strategies to Alleviate Heat Stress in Hot Climates: A Review</epc:when>
Heat stress remains a major challenge affecting poultry production in sub-tropical and tropical environments; hence it continues to receive attention. The present study aimed to discuss heat stress and its effects on poultry production and suggests mitigation strategies to combat the effects of increased environmental temperature on poultry performance. Poultry raised in hot climates suffers from heat stress, which reduces meat and egg production, reproductive performance, feed intake, and feed conversion efficiency leading to poor growth rates. Reduced feed intake results in a reduction in meat quality, growth, egg yield, and quality. A decrease in feed utilization efficiency is the major cause of poor growth performance in hot environments. To counteract the negative impacts of high ambient temperatures on the performance of poultry, a wide range of management practices are widely used, including nutrient manipulations (particularly protein and energy), electrolyte and vitamin supplementation, feed form (especially particle size and moisture content), choice feeding, controlled feeding, time of feeding, wet feeding, water management, and use of new breeds that thrive well in hot environments. These management practices help lower heat load and facilitate evaporative cooling, all of which may positively impact poultry performance and health. © 2023,Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Poultry Management Strategies to Alleviate Heat Stress in Hot Climates: A Review
Processing of Sargassum binderi Seaweed for Supplementation in Poultry Diet (Text)
Processing of Sargassum binderi Seaweed for Supplementation in Poultry Diet (Other)
HTML Summary of #756 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Processing of Sargassum binderi Seaweed for Supplementation in Poultry Diet</epc:when>
Sargassum binderi has been potentially used as laying hen feed since it contains bioactive compounds useful for poultry health. In addition, the high alginate content of S. binderi has made it inappropriate for the poultry diet. Therefore, the alginate content should be reduced before its use in poultry feed. This study aimed to reduce the alginate of S. binderi for use as laying hen feed. The experiment was performed in two phases in a completely randomized design. The first phase included heated S. binderi in the autoclave and the second phase entailed the immersion of S. binderi in whiting filtrate. The treatments in the physical method contained a control group, and four treatment groups heating for 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The treatments in the chemical method had a control group and four treatment groups with immersion periods of 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. Each treatment was repeated five times, and the investigated parameters were crude protein, total dry matter, organic matter, ash, and alginate, respectively. The heating durations of S. binderi in an autoclave and different immersion periods of S. binderi in whiting filtrate did not significantly affect total dry matter, organic matter, ash, alginate, and crude protein. The results of this study showed that physical treatment (heat treatment) and chemical treatments (whiting filtrate immersion) did not have a significant effect on the alginate content, crude protein, ash, dry matter, and organic matter. © 2023,Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Processing of Sargassum binderi Seaweed for Supplementation in Poultry Diet
Clostridium perfringens in Broiler Chickens: Isolation, Identification, Typing, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility (Text)
Clostridium perfringens in Broiler Chickens: Isolation, Identification, Typing, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility (Other)
HTML Summary of #757 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Clostridium perfringens in Broiler Chickens: Isolation, Identification, Typing, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility</epc:when>
Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a common worldwide poultry disease caused by the bacterium of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) which has significant economic losses in the poultry industry as well as the cost of treatment and preventive measures. The current study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of NetB toxin positive in C. perfringens on different farms in Egypt. In the years 2020 and 2021, on industrial broiler farms (15-45 days-old), 100 intestinal samples were collected consisting of 30 healthy Ross broiler chickens and 70 unhealthy Ross broiler chickens. Culture and biochemical characterization (Catalase, urease, sugar fermentation, gelatin liquefaction, nitrate reduction, and lecithinase reaction tests) confirmed that C. perfringens was isolated at a rate of 10 (3/30) from apparently healthy broiler chickens and 40 from unhealthy broiler chickens. Thirty-one isolates were tested for toxigenicity and typing by ELISA kits and the results showed that 80 of the isolates from unhealthy broiler chickens were C perfringens type A alpha-toxin (toxigenic), 20 were non-toxigenic, and 66.7 isolates from apparently normal broiler chickens were toxigenic. The same thirty-one (44) C. perfringens isolates were detected by PCR to investigate the presence of the NetB toxin gene in apparently healthy and unhealthy broilers and subsequently detect the role of NetB toxin in inducing NE. Of the samples, 82 of the isolates from unhealthy chicks were found to incode NetB gene, while none of the isolates from healthy broiler chickens had NetB. Clostridium perfringens showed sensitivity to amoxicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and ampiclox, intermediate for ofloxacin, and high resistance to cephalexin, streptomycin, colistin sulfate, erythromycin, sulfa trimethoprim, gentamycin, and oxytetracycline. The present study revealed the importance of NetB gen in the appearance of clinical signs of NE in broiler chickens. © 2023,Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Clostridium perfringens in Broiler Chickens: Isolation, Identification, Typing, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility
Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Environment, Humans, Animals, and Animal Products in Morocco: A Systematic Review (Text)
Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Environment, Humans, Animals, and Animal Products in Morocco: A Systematic Review (Other)
HTML Summary of #818 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Environment, Humans, Animals, and Animal Products in Morocco: A Systematic Review</epc:when>
Several studies have been carried out in Morocco on Salmonella contamination in humans, domestic and wild animals, food products, and the environment. This bacterial genus is responsible for several infections and foodborne illnesses worldwide. The epidemiological situation of contamination by Salmonella is worsened by the development of antibiotic resistance to the main antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine. The purpose of this study was to review the leading research carried out in this field, emphasizing the antibiotic resistance of this bacterium to antibiotics in humans and animals. Although some studies could not demonstrate the presence of Salmonella in the environments studied, the prevalence of contamination remained relatively high in humans, animals, food products, and the environment. The most critical contaminations were observed in poultry farms and poultry meat. Salmonella causes 42.8 of food poisoning cases in Morocco. It is the second most common cause of poisoning after pesticide poisoning. Morocco ranks first in the Middle East and North Africa for human salmonellosis, with a prevalence of 17.9 (1997-2012). Its prevalence in food products, especially those of animal origin, is very high and could reach 52.9 in turkey meat. Food products have been studied more for their contamination by Salmonella species. Meat products accounted for 17.35 of food poisoning cases. This study revealed that the isolation rate of Salmonella from food products of animal origin was dominated by isolations from meat products, with prevalence rates of 41.76 from red meat and meat products and 25.88 from poultry meat, followed by prevalence rates of 12.44 from fish products and 11.80 from eggs. On the coast of Agadir, the incidence rates of Salmonella were 6.8 and 4.1 in sediment and seawater, respectively. This occurrence was 2.38 in the surface waters of Oued Khoumane. The development of resistance, particularly multi-resistance to antibiotics of therapeutic interest in both humans and animals, is alarming, especially with the ease of transmission of the bacterium to humans and facilitates its dissemination. Research findings indicated that 93.02 of isolates of Salmonella from humans, 79.37 of the strains isolated from poultry, and 46.27 of isolates from food products were resistant to at least one antibiotic © 2023, World's Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved.
Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Environment, Humans, Animals, and Animal Products in Morocco: A Systematic Review
Investigating the Preventive Effect of Herbal Medicine (Allium sativum, Artemisia annua, and Quercus infectoria) against Coccidiosis in Broiler Chickens (Text)
Investigating the Preventive Effect of Herbal Medicine (Allium sativum, Artemisia annua, and Quercus infectoria) against Coccidiosis in Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #755 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Investigating the Preventive Effect of Herbal Medicine (Allium sativum, Artemisia annua, and Quercus infectoria) against Coccidiosis in Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Coccidiosis is a critical disease in the poultry industry worldwide. Producers apply different strategies to control and prevent this disease. Herbal drugs are suitable remedies for reducing losses associated with coccidiosis in poultry. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an herbal mixture in preventing coccidiosis. A total of 160 broiler chickens were divided into four treatment groups, with five replicates for each. Experimental infection of all groups, except group D, was carried out with mixed Eimeria species (E. tenella, E. necatrix, E. brunetti, and E. maxima) on day 14. Broiler chickens in group A were given an herbal mixture (75 Quercus infectoria, 16 Artemisia annua, and 9 Allium sativum) as feed additives during the rearing period, and group B was treated with Monensin. No treatment was applied to group C after the chickens were experimentally infected with mixed Eimeria spp. Group D was used as the negative control since chickens in this group were not infected or sick during the experiment. Body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality rate, intestinal lesion scoring, and oocyst count per gram (OPG) were evaluated in this study. The results of the present study revealed that the highest mean body weight was gained in group D, followed by chickens in group A. The best FCR results were attributed to chickens in group D, followed by group B. In this study, both drugs decreased mortality rate, intestinal lesion scores, and OPG in the treated chickens. In conclusion, this herbal mixture can reduce coccidial lesions. © 2023,Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Investigating the Preventive Effect of Herbal Medicine (Allium sativum, Artemisia annua, and Quercus infectoria) against Coccidiosis in Broiler Chickens
Investigation of Ovarian and Non-ovarian Associated Factors Related to Follicular Population and Oocyte Maturation of Chadian Cattle Breeds (Text)
Investigation of Ovarian and Non-ovarian Associated Factors Related to Follicular Population and Oocyte Maturation of Chadian Cattle Breeds (Other)
HTML Summary of #811 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Investigation of Ovarian and Non-ovarian Associated Factors Related to Follicular Population and Oocyte Maturation of Chadian Cattle Breeds</epc:when>
cow can give birth to an average of 6-7 calves in her entire reproductive period. The remaining oocytes could be used for the in vitro production of embryos. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ovarian and non-ovarian factors on the follicular population and oocyte maturation of three Chadian cattle breeds (Arab, Kouri, and Toupouri). For this purpose, the ovaries of 166 cycled cows were collected at the Farcha slaughterhouse of Chad and placed individually in labeled conical tubes containing 0.9 NaCl and 0.5 mg/ml penicillin-streptomycin. After clearing the ovaries of tissue debris, they were weighed, and the follicles were counted. The diameter of each follicle was measured and classified into three categories. A total of 2734 oocytes were collected in 28 days with a minimum of 97 per day by the slicing method using a 10X stereoscope. They were then classified into four groups according to the structure of their cumulus oophorus. Immature oocytes (class 1 and 2 1455) were placed in different culture media consisting of Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) alone, MEM with 10% follicular fluid, and MEM with 50% follicular fluid for oocyte maturation. The results indicated that the mean follicular population and mean oocyte yield were 24.71 ± 0.88 and 11.65 ± 0.94, respectively. The mean oocyte index and the number of cultivable oocytes for in vitro embryo production (class 1 and 2) were 1.03 ± 0.23 and 1.65 ± 0.94, respectively. The number of follicles observed in the age group of 6-9 years was higher than in other age groups. Oocyte yield was significantly higher in cows with a body condition score of 4-5 compared to average and lean cows. Among the different culture media used for oocyte maturation, the medium consisting of MEM plus 10% follicular fluid recorded a higher maturation rate than the other culture media. Cows aged 6-9 years had a higher maturation rate than other age groups. In conclusion, the good follicle (follicle that produced oocyte) and appropriate oocyte performance were observed in cows with body condition score 3-5 and an age range of 6-9 years. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Investigation of Ovarian and Non-ovarian Associated Factors Related to Follicular Population and Oocyte Maturation of Chadian Cattle Breeds
Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Virulence Determinants in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolated from Broiler Chickens in Egypt (Text)
Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Virulence Determinants in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolated from Broiler Chickens in Egypt (Other)
HTML Summary of #821 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Virulence Determinants in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolated from Broiler Chickens in Egypt</epc:when>
Besides its zoonotic importance, avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes substantial financial losses in the poultry industry globally. The progress of antimicrobial resistance in APEC is mainly associated with excessive antimicrobial use and improper sanitation. Since its beginning in the 1970s, the VITEK system has developed into the VITEK 2 system, which has used an automated system to perform all the steps required for microbial identification and antibiotic susceptibility rapidly and accurately. The present study aimed to update the available circulating data about APEC isolates by phenotypic identification, sero-grouping of APEC from broilers chickens and breeders in five governates of Egypt, investigation of their antibiotic resistance pattern by VITEK 2 system, and molecular identification of their virulence determinants. The prevalence of APEC isolated from the different internal organs (liver, lung, heart, heart blood, and spleen) was 67.5. The most prevalent serotypes were O125, 0114, O44, O127, O142, and O78. Virulence-associated genes (iutA, fimC, and papC) were detected at rates of 84.4, 74, and 54.8, respectively. The highest resistance was found against ampicillin (100), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (80), and ampicillin-sulbactam (78.5), which indicates that the poultry farms need a surveillance and intervention system with proper accuracy and rapidity to prevent the misuse of antibiotics and APEC outbreaks © 2023, World's Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved.
Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Virulence Determinants in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolated from Broiler Chickens in Egypt
Identification of Probiotic Bacteria Isolated from Domestic Chickens (Gallus domesticus) Using the 16S rRNA Gene Method (Text)
Identification of Probiotic Bacteria Isolated from Domestic Chickens (Gallus domesticus) Using the 16S rRNA Gene Method (Other)
HTML Summary of #759 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Identification of Probiotic Bacteria Isolated from Domestic Chickens (Gallus domesticus) Using the 16S rRNA Gene Method</epc:when>
The intestines of domestic poultry (Gallus domesticus) are one of the potential sources of probiotic bacteria that can produce antibacterial agents. The objective of this study was to identify the types of probiotic bacteria obtained from the digestion of domestic poultry using the molecular analysis method of 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Observations were conducted on colony morphology, gram staining, biochemical tests, and antibacterial activity using the diffusion agar method. Molecular analysis of DNA extraction was carried out, followed by the amplification of samples using a 16S rRNA universal primer. Dielectrophoresis and sequencing were performed on the 16S rRNA gene. The identification of morphological observations, gram staining, and biochemical tests showed that probiotic bacteria isolates, including Gram-positive, rod-shaped, rounded colony form, flat elevation, entire nonmotile edge, and catalase-negative, could ferment all carbohydrate content in the TSIA medium. The antibacterial potential was also found in probiotic bacteria, as evidenced by the inhibition zone formed in the test. The results of the bacterial gene sequences of PaTa5 probiotic bacterial isolates had a similarity of 98.37 with Lactobacillus plantarum. These findings indicated the presence of some bacteria species that have antibacterial activity in the intestines of domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus). © 2023,Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Identification of Probiotic Bacteria Isolated from Domestic Chickens (Gallus domesticus) Using the 16S rRNA Gene Method
Isolation and Characterization of Fowl Adenoviruses Associated with Hydro-pericardium Syndrome from Broiler Chickens in Egypt (Text)
Isolation and Characterization of Fowl Adenoviruses Associated with Hydro-pericardium Syndrome from Broiler Chickens in Egypt (Other)
HTML Summary of #763 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Isolation and Characterization of Fowl Adenoviruses Associated with Hydro-pericardium Syndrome from Broiler Chickens in Egypt</epc:when>
One of the most prominent viral diseases affecting the poultry industry is hydropericardium syndrome caused by fowl adenoviruses. Hydropericardium syndrome has recently led to significant economic losses in the Egyptian poultry sector. Many outbreaks of hydropericardium syndrome have been documented across the country in the last few years. This research examined the epidemiology and molecular characterization of fowl adenoviruses in broiler chickens in Egypt. Samples were taken from 26 outbreaks of commercial broiler chicken farms in the Beheira and Menofia governorates, Egypt, from January 2021 to March 2022. Adenoviruses genomes were detected in cloacal swabs of 10 flocks using polymerase chain reaction. Clinically, infected broiler chickens (Cobb, Ross, Indian River, Modified-Avian, and Arbor Acres) showed depression, ruffled feathers, retarded growth, and ascites, with mortality rates of 10-28. The most common postmortem lesions were hydropericardium, yellowish enlarged liver with ecchymotic hemorrhages, pancreatitis, and enteritis. Histopathologically, intranuclear inclusion bodies, commonly basophilic type, were scattered in the hepatocyte, proventriculus, duodenum, kidney, pancreas, and spleen. In addition, depletion of lymphocytes in the bursa of Fabricius and the thymus was observed. Seven samples were selected for gene sequencing of the loop 1 region of the hexon gene. The sequence analysis revealed that all samples were identical and similar to fowl adenoviruses species D serotype 2/11, suggesting that this serotype was the predominant fowl adenoviruses circulating in the study location in the last two years. Further studies are required to address the pathogenicity of isolated fowl adenoviruses and evaluate the vaccine used to control fowl adenoviruses in Egypt © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
Isolation and Characterization of Fowl Adenoviruses Associated with Hydro-pericardium Syndrome from Broiler Chickens in Egypt
Comparative Analysis of Contract Farming Effect on Technical Efficiency of Broiler Chicken Farms in Indonesia (Text)
Comparative Analysis of Contract Farming Effect on Technical Efficiency of Broiler Chicken Farms in Indonesia (Other)
HTML Summary of #770 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Comparative Analysis of Contract Farming Effect on Technical Efficiency of Broiler Chicken Farms in Indonesia</epc:when>
The development of broiler chicken farms in Indonesia has taken two forms, namely non-contract and contract farming. This study aimed to compare the technical efficiency levels of production in these two types of farming in Banten Province, Indonesia. Data were collected randomly from 180 broiler chicken farmers, consisting of 103 non-contract and 77 contract farmers. The study used the stochastic frontier production function to meet its objectives. The results showed that non-contract broiler chicken farmers were less efficient in their production than those under contract. The mean technical efficiency of the production factor for non-contract broiler chicken farmers was 0.689, ranging from 0.339 to 0.996. On the contrary, broiler chicken farmers under contract had a higher mean efficiency value of 0.893, ranging from 0.638 to 0.988. Moreover, the type of input supplier had a significant positive effect on technical inefficiency in non-contract farms. Non-contract farmers who purchased their production needs from a poultry shop showed higher technical efficiency compared to those who used distributors. This research sheds light on the efficiency of broiler chicken farms, both non-contract and contract, enabling all stakeholders, including the government, to devise appropriate policies for the development of broiler chicken farming. The study provided valuable insights into the technical efficiency levels of broiler chicken farming in Indonesia, which can help farmers identify areas that need improvement and develop strategies to increase productivity and profitability. © 2023, Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Comparative Analysis of Contract Farming Effect on Technical Efficiency of Broiler Chicken Farms in Indonesia
Impact of Prebiotic Supplementation on Productive Performance, Carcass Traits, and Physiological Parameters of Broiler Chickens under High Stocking Density Condition (Text)
Impact of Prebiotic Supplementation on Productive Performance, Carcass Traits, and Physiological Parameters of Broiler Chickens under High Stocking Density Condition (Other)
HTML Summary of #754 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Impact of Prebiotic Supplementation on Productive Performance, Carcass Traits, and Physiological Parameters of Broiler Chickens under High Stocking Density Condition</epc:when>
The present study was performed to investigate the effect of increasing stocking density, prebiotic supplementation, and the interactions on broiler chicken performance and some physiological parameters. A total of 912 one-day-old chickens were used in this study, and they were randomly divided into six groups with 4 replicates each. The experiment included three levels of stocking densities (10, 13, and 15 broiler chicken/m2) in 6 groups. Groups 1, 3, and 5 were maintained without prebiotic supplementation, while groups 2, 4, and 6 received a diet supplemented with prebiotics in water (1cm/liter). Reducing stocking densities and adding prebiotics improved body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, oxidative stress parameters (total antioxidant capacity), and European production efficiency factor, while decreasing malondialdehyde levels. On the other hand, stocking density and prebiotic supplementation did not affect dressing percentage, the relative weight of giblet parts, hind part, front part, and lymphoid organs (thymus and bursa of Fabricius). In conclusion, adding prebiotics at 1 cm/liter (Mannan-oligo saccharide and B-Glucan) can partially mitigate the negative effects of high stocking density on production performance, physiological and oxidative stress parameters, and European production efficiency factor. © 2023,Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Impact of Prebiotic Supplementation on Productive Performance, Carcass Traits, and Physiological Parameters of Broiler Chickens under High Stocking Density Condition
Mycotoxins and Heavy Metals of Poultry Feeds from the Centre, Littoral, and Western Regions of Cameroon (Text)
Mycotoxins and Heavy Metals of Poultry Feeds from the Centre, Littoral, and Western Regions of Cameroon (Other)
HTML Summary of #758 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Mycotoxins and Heavy Metals of Poultry Feeds from the Centre, Littoral, and Western Regions of Cameroon</epc:when>
Heavy metals are a group of elements that could be found in poultry feeds and influence poultry production. Poultry feed generally consists of agricultural products, such as maize, groundnuts, and wheat, which may also be contaminated by mycotoxins. The use of mycotoxins and heavy metals contaminated feed in the poultry sector might represent a potential source of cross-contamination for humans. This study aimed to analyze total aflatoxins (AFs), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in poultry feed from the Centre, Littoral, and Western regions of Cameroon. In this order, six local broiler feeds, six local layer feeds, and three imported layer feeds were randomly collected from each region and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry for heavy metals and competitive indirect ELISA for mycotoxins. The results indicated that all feed samples contained the analyzed mycotoxins and heavy metals. The ranges for the mean concentrations of mycotoxins were 3.5-19.7, 2.7-19.3, 0.8-1.1 μg/kg for AFs, AFB1, and OTA, respectively. They were globally below the established regulated limits (20 μg/kg for AFs, 10 μg/kg for AFB1 and 5 μg/kg for OTA). The bulk layer feed from the Littoral region had the highest lead (995.8 ± 0.4 μg/kg) and cadmium (3.3 ± 0.0 μg/kg) concentrations. The average concentration of lead was above the permissible limit (10 μg/kg). Bulk broiler feed from the Littoral region scored the highest concentration of arsenic (2819.4 ± 0.1 μg/kg) above the permissible limit (500 μg/kg). Bulk broiler feed from the Centre region showed the highest concentration of mercury (5.6 ± 0.0 μg/kg) although lower than the permissible limit of 100 μg/kg. This study demonstrates that there are potential safety issues associated to poultry feeds used in some regions of Cameroon. It suggests a possible low productivity of poultry and health issues for consumers. © 2023,Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Mycotoxins and Heavy Metals of Poultry Feeds from the Centre, Littoral, and Western Regions of Cameroon
The Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Livestock and their Health Hazards: A Review (Text)
The Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Livestock and their Health Hazards: A Review (Other)
HTML Summary of #827 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Livestock and their Health Hazards: A Review</epc:when>
Livestock plays an important role in the national economy and has a significant share in the gross domestic product of Pakistan. Parasitic diseases and worm infestations negatively affect their health, production, and reproductive performance. In addition, parasitic infestation in livestock reduces gross production values and renders huge economic losses globally. Among the parasites, the most important are nematodes. They are distributed worldwide and affect all kinds of livestock. This review aimed to elaborate on the main gastrointestinal nematodes, their mode of action, impacts on livestock and their control (physical, chemical or biological) strategies. Common examples of nematode worms infesting the livestock are Ascaris, Hemonchus, Strongyloids, Trichostrongyliods, Ostertagia, Trichuris, Dictyocaulus, Trichnellia, Enterobius, Cooperia, Gunagylonema, Chabertia, and Oesphagostomum. The gastrointestinal nematodes are detrimental to the animalsâ�� health. Nematodes primarily affect animalsâ�� feed consumption and efficiency, and severe ailments result in the death of the affected animals. The production and health losses primarily depend on the age of the animals, the degree of severity of worm infestation, epidemiology pattern of the parasites, management strategies of the flocks, and ecoclimatic conditions which are favorable for the wormâ��s infestation. To minimize these issues, farmers should be educated on the importance of intensive livestock management and environmental sanitation, as well as strategic deworming of cattle using efficient broad-spectrum anthelmintics, biological control of the parasites, and breaking their life cycle and intermediate hosts © 2023, World's Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved.
The Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Livestock and their Health Hazards: A Review
Adrenal Gland of Poultry: Anatomy, Microscopy, Morphometry, and Histochemistry (Text)
Adrenal Gland of Poultry: Anatomy, Microscopy, Morphometry, and Histochemistry (Other)
HTML Summary of #751 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Adrenal Gland of Poultry: Anatomy, Microscopy, Morphometry, and Histochemistry</epc:when>
The adrenal gland plays a crucial role in poultryâ��s body. Its hormones affect growth, tissue differentiation, and metabolism regulation, as well as the bird bodyâ��s resistance to infections, intoxication, stress, and low temperature. For poultry farming, veterinary medicine, and ornithology, it is of scientific interest to study the morphological features of the adrenal gland of birds. This review aimed to assess poultry adrenal anatomy, microscopy, morphometry, and histochemistry by summarizing research data from various published articles. The structure of the adrenal gland has been morphologically investigated in clinically healthy chickens, ducks, geese, and quails. Data from the anatomical level of the adrenal gland have indicated that the shape of this organ in poultry of different species is not the same. In most cases, the shape of the adrenal gland of poultry is close to an oval, triangle, or pyramid. The color of the adrenal gland of poultry varies from gray to brown, which depends on the tissue saturation of this organ with carotenoids. The mass of the adrenal glands of poultry correlates with their age. The left adrenal gland has higher mass, volume, and length indicators than the right gland. The microscopic structure of the adrenal gland corresponds to the general laws of the structure and function of endocrine organs. However, the adrenal glands of poultry are characterized by class features of its histoarchitectonics. The adrenal capsule contains ganglia of the autonomic nervous system, the cell strands of cortical and medullary tissues are intertwined, and the configuration of these cell strands determines the formation of two or three zones of the adrenal gland. Studies of the adrenal glands of poultry at the cellular level have indicated that cortical tissue is represented by acidophilic cells and medullary tissue by basophilic cells. Depending on the shape and electron density of secretory granules, medullary tissue cells are divided into epinephrine and norepinephrine. Data on morphometric parameters (capsule thickness, area of cortical and medullary tissues, cortical-medullary ratio) of the adrenal gland are not the same and depend on the type, age, gender, and sexual activity of poultry. In conclusion, morphologists have paid great attention to studying the features of the anatomy, microscopy, morphometry, and histochemistry of the adrenal gland in clinically healthy poultry. Therefore, the presented data can be used to assess deviations in the morphofunctional state of the adrenal gland in poultry under the influence of various factors and pathology. © 2023,Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Adrenal Gland of Poultry: Anatomy, Microscopy, Morphometry, and Histochemistry
Incidence and Hematological Changes in Dogs Infected with Dirofilaria immitis in Thailand (Text)
Incidence and Hematological Changes in Dogs Infected with Dirofilaria immitis in Thailand (Other)
HTML Summary of #826 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Incidence and Hematological Changes in Dogs Infected with Dirofilaria immitis in Thailand</epc:when>
Dirofilaria immitis is responsible for heartworm disease in dogs. Clinical signs are non-specific, ranging from asymptomatic to severe symptoms. The most common symptoms include coughing, emaciation, dyspnoea, and sudden loss of consciousness. Therefore, diagnosing heartworm infection in dogs requires a combination of methods, such as hematology and serology. This study was conducted on dogs with clinical signs, including anorexia, coughing, panting, and hind legs weakness, that was referred accidentally to a pet clinic in Thonburi district, Bangkok Province, Thailand, during 2020-2022. The examination was performed using a rapid enzyme immunoassay test and a thin blood smear. The total number of dogs admitted to a pet clinic during that period was 980. The result indicated infection of 21 (12 male and 9 female) dogs with heartworm (2.14). The mean age of dogs was 5.62 ± 2.48 years. All infected dogs were classified under an open husbandry system that did not consistently use heartworm prevention products such as the macrocyclic lactone group. In the groups that received topical ectoparasites products, 10 dogs were detected with heartworm infection. The hematological changes in the infected dogs consisted of leucocytosis and increased levels of ALT, BUN, and creatinine. The study results can guide owners in choosing products that can prevent heartworm. Anti-mosquito nets should be deployed in areas where pets live, and always keep the environment clean © 2023, World's Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved.
Incidence and Hematological Changes in Dogs Infected with Dirofilaria immitis in Thailand
The Effects of Grounded Herbs on the Intestinal Villus Height and Shedding of F18-positive Escherichia coli in Weaned Pigs (Text)
The Effects of Grounded Herbs on the Intestinal Villus Height and Shedding of F18-positive Escherichia coli in Weaned Pigs (Other)
HTML Summary of #817 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effects of Grounded Herbs on the Intestinal Villus Height and Shedding of F18-positive Escherichia coli in Weaned Pigs</epc:when>
Antibiotics have been widely used to control and treat infections caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) in weaned pigs. The bacteria resistance to antibiotics can occur naturally; however, the misuse of antibiotics can accelerate this resistance. New antibiotics are developed very slowly, and only two new classes of antibiotics have been developed in the past 40 years. This makes herbal medicine a promising method for fighting against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In the current study, 25 male crossbred (Duroc x Landrace x Large white) weaned piglets with an average weight of 6-8 kg were examined for 24 days. The pigs were randomly assigned to five groups in a completely randomized design with five replicates (1 pig/pen). All treatments included 20 crude protein corn-soybean as the basal diet. The negative control group received no supplementation, while pigs in the second experimental group received a basal diet supplemented with 150 ppm colistin sulfate. Basal diet and herbal mixture (Andrographis paniculata, Zingiber cassumunar, and Garcinia mangostana) were fed to three other experimental groups at 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm. The F18-positive, colistin-resistant E. coli were orally inoculated to all pigs for 9 days. The antibacterial and anti-diarrheal effects of this diet and its effect on the inoculated pigsâ�� intestinal villi were evaluated. The results indicated that supplementation of this herbal mixture at levels of 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm had antibacterial effects, with no significant difference between doses. However, the positive effects of this herbal mixture on intestinal villi height and diarrhea were found only in pigs that received 1000 and 2000 ppm of the herbal mixture. From a practical point of view, supplementation of this herbal mixture at 500 and 1000 ppm could be applied for prophylaxis during the weaning period, whereas 2000 ppm of the herbal mixture could be used for the treatment of postweaning E. coli diarrhea © 2023, World's Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved.
The Effects of Grounded Herbs on the Intestinal Villus Height and Shedding of F18-positive Escherichia coli in Weaned Pigs
Assessment of Drought Characteristics and Trend Analysis in Antalya Basin, Turkey (Text)
Assessment of Drought Characteristics and Trend Analysis in Antalya Basin, Turkey (Other)
HTML Summary of #858 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Assessment of Drought Characteristics and Trend Analysis in Antalya Basin, Turkey</epc:when>
Drought is a phenomenon related to water scarcity due to decrease in precipitation over a long period of time. It is also identified as a natural and a recurrent feature of climate, although many erroneously consider it as a rare and random event. The understanding and trend analysis of historical drought is vital for the future development and management of water resources. In this study, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at SPI 1, 3, 6 and 12 month time scales was computed using long time series (1970-2007) of monthly precipitation data observed at 9 meteorological stations in Antalya Basin, Turkey. The computed SPI values were, then, subjected to the Mann-Kendall (MK) and Spearman’s Rho (SR) statistical trend analyses. Based on the results of the study, most of the results of SPI determined for above indicated time-scales, were found to fall under “No Drought” and “Near Normal” drought intensity classes. Though there are variations in the values of the drought characteristics considered in the study, the values did not show spatial pattern. In addition, significant trend without spatial pattern was observed in the SPI 12 values determined for almost all of the stations considered in the study.
Assessment of Drought Characteristics and Trend Analysis in Antalya Basin, Turkey
Thermal Manipulation During Incubation: Effects on Embryo Development, Production Performance, Meat Quality, and Thermal Tolerance of Broiler Chickens (Text)
Thermal Manipulation During Incubation: Effects on Embryo Development, Production Performance, Meat Quality, and Thermal Tolerance of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #753 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Thermal Manipulation During Incubation: Effects on Embryo Development, Production Performance, Meat Quality, and Thermal Tolerance of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Thermal manipulations during the embryonic period have positive effects on thermotolerance and the productive performance of broilers subjected to acute heat stress. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of Thermal manipulation during incubation (TMI) on productive performances and thermotolerance of broiler chickens growing in tropical climates. A total of 900 Cobb 500 broiler chicken eggs from a 35-week-old breeder flock were incubated in standard incubation conditions (37.8°C, 60 relative humidity) until day 7, when they were divided into 3 groups (300 eggs per group). The control group (C) was incubated at standard incubation conditions while T6 and T12 groups were subjected to, respectively, 6 hours/day and 12 hours/day of TMI (T° = 39.5°C, relative humidity = 65, Embryonic day = 7-16). The relative embryo and albumen weight were determined from 10 to 18 days of incubation. The hatching event was checked between 450 and 504 hours of incubation, and egg hatchability, chick quality, and cloacal temperature were also determined. One hundred and twenty-five chicks from each incubation group were transferred to the farm and raised for 6 weeks. During this period, their post-hatch performances were determined. At week 6, blood samples were collected to measure T3, T4, and corticosterone hormone levels. Then, the 6-week-old broilers were slaughtered to determine meat yield and quality. Results showed that the chickâ��s rectal temperature was significantly reduced in T6 and T12 groups compared to the C group, while hatchability and one-day-old chick weight were not affected. Final body weight and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved in the T12 group, compared to other groups. Thermal manipulation during incubation for 6 and 12 hours significantly reduced mortality rate and pectoralis major muscle drip loss while it increased muscle pH at 24 hours post-mortem (pH24). Corticosterone, T3, and T4 plasma hormone levels at week 6 were also significantly reduced by TMI. Therefore, exposing hatching eggs to 39.5°C and 65 of relative humidity from days 7 to 16 of incubation for 12 hours/day is recommended for the poultry industry in tropical climates. © 2023,Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Thermal Manipulation During Incubation: Effects on Embryo Development, Production Performance, Meat Quality, and Thermal Tolerance of Broiler Chickens
Effects of Storage Time on Ostrich Egg Quality (Text)
Effects of Storage Time on Ostrich Egg Quality (Other)
HTML Summary of #761 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Storage Time on Ostrich Egg Quality</epc:when>
Egg quality is considered as both internal egg quality that focuses on the egg content and external egg quality that focuses on the eggshell. This study investigated the effect of storage time on ostrich egg quality. A total of 15 ostrich eggs were obtained from Dibete Ostrich Multiplication Unit and subjected to five storage periods (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days) at room temperature (18-25°C). The measured parameters were egg weight, egg length, egg width, yolk weight, albumen weight, albumen height, yolk height, shell weight, egg specific gravity (ESG), egg surface area, Haugh Unit (HU), egg shape index, albumen ratio, shell ratio, yolk ratio and weight of egg contents. Results showed that storage time did not influence egg weight for eggs stored for 0, 3, and 6 days. On the other hand, storage time significantly affected egg weight for eggs stored at 9 and 12 days. The albumin ratio for egg storage duration had no significant impact on eggs held for 0, 3, or 6 days. However, the albumen ratios of eggs held for 9 and 12 days were impacted by the storage period compared to those stored for 0, 3, and 6 days. The HU for the eggs stored for 0, 3, and 6 days was not affected by storage time. On the contrary, the HU for eggs stored for 9 and 12 days was significantly impacted by storage time as the HU decreased with the prolonged storage time, compared to those stored for 0, 3, and 6 days. The results of this study suggest that ostrich eggs should not be stored for more than 6 days at ambient temperature to avoid egg quality degradation © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Storage Time on Ostrich Egg Quality
The effect of heads of schools’ supervisory practices on learning achievement in public secondary schools in Ubungo municipality, Tanzania (Text)
The effect of heads of schools’ supervisory practices on learning achievement in public secondary schools in Ubungo municipality, Tanzania (Other)
HTML Summary of #987 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The effect of heads of schools’ supervisory practices on learning achievement in public secondary schools in Ubungo municipality, Tanzania</epc:when>
To create a proactive and effective educational system for individual, community, and national progress, it is presumable that educational stakeholders must oversee educational practices to obtain consistently good results. Supervisory assessment of teaching staff helps educators obtain the support they need to succeed as well as to evaluate, weigh, and examine the benefits of various educational methodologies and tactics to achieve high-quality student performance in schools. This study analysed the effect of heads of schools’ supervisory practices on students’ learning achievement in public secondary schools in Ubungo municipality using 240 participants, including heads of schools, students, and teachers. The study employed a mixed approach with convergent parallel as the design. Various methodologies were employed to gather data, including questionnaires, documentary reviews, observations and semistructured interviews. The results revealed that the supervisory practices of school heads play a greater role in the quality of teaching and overall learning achievement of students in secondary schools. The academic achievement of students is impacted by supervisory practises such classroom visits, teacher mentoring, assessing teachers pedagogical abilities, assisting teachers in creating lesson plans, and other creative teaching methods. However, unfriendly working conditions, including a lack of facilities, funding, and dedicated teachers, make it difficult for school heads to carry out their supervisory duties. As a result, for supervisory practises to have a significant impact on the teaching and learning process, the government must constantly provide adequate school infrastructure, hire enough qualified teachers, create appropriate teaching and learning resources, and set up an efficient monitoring system to improve the teaching and learning process in secondary schools.
The effect of heads of schools’ supervisory practices on learning achievement in public secondary schools in Ubungo municipality, Tanzania
LB Theory and practice of education
The Relationship between Warm Weather and Milk Yield in Holstein Cows (Text)
The Relationship between Warm Weather and Milk Yield in Holstein Cows (Other)
HTML Summary of #820 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Relationship between Warm Weather and Milk Yield in Holstein Cows</epc:when>
The increasing variability of weather conditions associated with global climate change is becoming a major problem for dairy farming. The present article provided the results of studies on the relationship between the milk production of Holstein cows and environmental parameters during the warm season. The study investigated whether the relationship between weather conditions (air temperature, relative humidity, wind direction, wind strength, and insolation) and daily milk yield, as well as its components (milk fat yield and milk protein), depended on the conditions comfortable for the cows. The temperature-humidity index was calculated based on air temperature and relative humidity data, which were recorded by the nearest weather station to the farm, which is subordinate to the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center. It was found that the relationship between environmental parameters and milk yield was weak concerning the increase in proportion to the growth of heat load. However, the factorial analysis indicated that the total influence of weather factors on milk yield, milk fat, and protein yield was 42-46. Moreover, weather conditions could significantly impact dairy productivity when cows are kept in naturally ventilated barns. This suggests further investigation of issues related to the microclimate improvement in cowsheds in hot seasons using sprinkler systems for cooling dairy cows © 2023, World's Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved.
The Relationship between Warm Weather and Milk Yield in Holstein Cows
Effects of a Vitamins D and C Supplement on Performance, Hatchability and Blood Profiles of Broiler Breeders (Text)
Effects of a Vitamins D and C Supplement on Performance, Hatchability and Blood Profiles of Broiler Breeders (Other)
HTML Summary of #1071 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of a Vitamins D and C Supplement on Performance, Hatchability and Blood Profiles of Broiler Breeders</epc:when>
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in controlling Calcium and Phosphor homeostasis, bone mineralization, and modulation of immune responses. Vitamin C is a cofactor of enzymatic reactions with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties to prevent and repair damage to cells in the body from exposure to free radicals and the immune system. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of 25(OH)D3 with vitamin C at different doses on broiler breeders’ blood profile, egg quality, and hatchability. The adaptation process before collecting the data was 2 weeks. A total of 6200 females and 620 male broiler breeders in the laying period aged 32-46 weeks were divided into 4 treatment groups with 5 replicates (each peach contained 310 female and 31 male breeders). The treatments included control as T0 (0 g/ton Nutricell HyC®), T1 (100 g/ton Nutricell HyC®), T2 (200 g/ton Nutricell HyC®), T3 (400 g/ton Nutricell HyC®) supplemented in feed. The observed variables were performance in breeding farms and hatcheries. The treatments with experimental doses indicated significant differences in the performance of broiler breeders, including feed intake, body weight, egg weight, egg mass, hen day production, hen house production, feed conversion ratio, and parameters of blood profile. The results showed a significant difference between the treatments and the control group in terms of hatch performance, clear eggs, exploding eggs, hatchability eggs, fertile eggs, salable chicks, and hatching of fertile eggs. However, no significant effects on fertility, culling of chicks, and embryonic mortality in the treatment groups were indicated. In conclusion, Nutricell HyC® with a dose of 400 g/ton in feed has indicated the best result in breeding farm and hatchery performance of broiler breeders in the laying period.
Effects of a Vitamins D and C Supplement on Performance, Hatchability and Blood Profiles of Broiler Breeders
Seismic Performance of Steel Moment Frame with Side-Plate Connections Combined with Friction Dampers (Text)
Seismic Performance of Steel Moment Frame with Side-Plate Connections Combined with Friction Dampers (Other)
HTML Summary of #856 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Seismic Performance of Steel Moment Frame with Side-Plate Connections Combined with Friction Dampers</epc:when>
With the gradual change in the design method of structures from resistance-based methods to performance-based methods, existing common building frames do not respond to the criteria of these methods, and if these frames are designed with new performance criteria, the design will be uneconomical. The basic problem of the existing types of frames is the imbalance between hardness and plasticity in them. A structure must have sufficient hardness in order not to be displaced in an earthquake, and it must have high ductility in order to dissipate the energy of the earthquake well. In this article, the purpose of the structure's performance in the combination of friction dampers and side-pleat joints in the steel structure of the bending frame is according to the constraints in solving the problem such as architectural, executive and design limitations and considering the uncertainties inherent in the system. This problem is solved in such a way that all three conditions are estimated, and for this purpose, three structures, 6, 10, 15 stories, have been modeled in three dimensions and have been analyzed under time history analysis. In examining the arrangement of dampers in the frames, the amount of energy in the 3x3 structures in the second frame is more than the first frame, which has increased by about 15%. But in 5x5 structures, the amount of energy when the frame damper is 3 is more than other frames. In these structures, when the damper is in the third frame, the energy of the structure has increased by about 10% compared to other states. Also, the effect of side plate connection in increasing the hardness is also important. that the above connection will reduce displacement by creating hardness at the connection point, and as a result, it will absorb more energy.
Seismic Performance of Steel Moment Frame with Side-Plate Connections Combined with Friction Dampers
Effects of Lactobacillus-Fermented Feed on Production Performance and Carcass Quality of Broiler Chickens (Text)
Effects of Lactobacillus-Fermented Feed on Production Performance and Carcass Quality of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #760 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Lactobacillus-Fermented Feed on Production Performance and Carcass Quality of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
The quality of broiler chicken carcasses is greatly influenced by feed management and the number of nutrients digested in the digestive tract that will be utilized for optimal meat production. The study aimed to determine the effect of feeding fermented feed at different times on the production performance and quality of broiler chicken carcasses. The number of day-old chicks used in this study was 180 broiler chickens strain Cobb. This study was carried out experimentally using a complete randomized design consisting of four treatments and five replications. Each treatment carried out in this experiment consisted of a different length of time, namely feeding for 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks. Experimental parameters included feed consumption, weight gain, and ration conversion. In addition, the cracrcc quality was investigated as live weight, carcass percentage, and percentage of broiler chicken abdominal fat. The results showed that the longer the time of fermentation feed significantly increased feed consumption by 40.07 and increased 13.77 weight gain, as well as decreased ration conversion by 25.33. Furthermore, the same results were also obtained regarding live weight by 17.80 and increased percentage of the carcass by 8.84, while the percentage of abdominal fat decreased by 12.90. It can be concluded that the provision of fermented feed for 5 weeks can improve the production performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Lactobacillus-Fermented Feed on Production Performance and Carcass Quality of Broiler Chickens
Efficacy of Hemagglutinin Gene of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza as a Vaccine Candidate in Poultry: A Review (Text)
Efficacy of Hemagglutinin Gene of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza as a Vaccine Candidate in Poultry: A Review (Other)
HTML Summary of #824 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Efficacy of Hemagglutinin Gene of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza as a Vaccine Candidate in Poultry: A Review</epc:when>
The most prevalent fatal disease in poultry that can result in high morbidity and mortality is highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), subtype H5N1. A vaccination program is the most frequent way to prevent HPAI cases in poultry, especially against the H5 subtype of HPAI. There are currently a number of avian influenza vaccines available, including recombinant and inactivated whole virus vaccines. The foundation of a recombinant vaccine is possible by the expression of an avian influenza gene of interest following insertion into a carrier vector (no pathogenic virus). A recombinant HPAI vaccine is required to further challenge avian influenza cases in poultry. As a recombinant vaccine inserted into a carrier vector, the hemagglutinin (HA) gene has proven effective. The recombinant Herpes Virus Turkey (rHVT) vector vaccine for avian influenza has been discovered and is commercially available. The rHVT vaccine was developed using a hemagglutinin insert from the HPAI virus clade 2.2. Overall, studies in this review aimed to determine the efficacy of any developed recombinant avian influenza vaccine that uses the HA gene from different clades challenged with any avian influenza virus (AIV) isolate. It was found that the efficacy of hemagglutinin as a recombinant vaccine could be promising for future HPAI vaccine development. In addition, it is possible to design a recombinant vaccine using local isolates to protect poultry farms, particularly in endemic regions © 2023, World's Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved.
Efficacy of Hemagglutinin Gene of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza as a Vaccine Candidate in Poultry: A Review
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Vitamin E on Growth Performance and Immune System of Broiler Chickens (Text)
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Vitamin E on Growth Performance and Immune System of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #749 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Vitamin E on Growth Performance and Immune System of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
As a potent antioxidant, Vitamin E may lessen the potentially harmful consequences of such oxidative stress to protect broilers against immune-pathological damage. Broiler chicken growth and viability are enhanced by Vitamin E supplementation. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Vitamin E dietary supplementation on broiler chickensâ�� growth performance and health status. A total of 48 one-day-old Ross chicks were randomly divided into two groups of control and treatment (supplementation of Vitamin E at a dose of 300 mg/kg diet) with three replicates per group. The study included an equal number of Ross breed chicks and Vitamin E dosage in two trials on two different dates (January and March, 2022). In both trials, the obtained results indicated no significant changes in weight gain in the control and treatment groups. In both trials, there were no significant differences in the spleen weight of the control and treated groups; however, from day 1 to 28 of the second trial, the bursa of Fabricius was heavier in the treated group than in the control group. Additionally, Vitamin E had no significant effects on the mitogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and Concanavalin A (Con A). Dosages of 20 and 10 μl for both PHA and Con A did not significantly affect the rate of pure lymphocyte proliferation in chicks fed 300 mg Vitamin E /kg feed. Cell-mediated immunity did not differ significantly between the two trials. The percentages of CD4, CD8, Bu1, and MHCII molecules in the spleen and cecal tonsil of the chicks that received Vitamin E 300 mg/kg feed did not change significantly. The antibody titers against infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease vaccines showed no significant differences. On day 42, there was a trend toward an increase in antibody titer in the case of the Newcastle disease vaccine. In conclusion, 300 mg/kg of Vitamin E added to the diet did not improve growth performance and immunity in broiler chicks. © 2023,Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Vitamin E on Growth Performance and Immune System of Broiler Chickens
Trichinella spiralis as a Potential Antitumor Agent: An Update (Text)
Trichinella spiralis as a Potential Antitumor Agent: An Update (Other)
HTML Summary of #815 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Trichinella spiralis as a Potential Antitumor Agent: An Update</epc:when>
Due to the limited success of therapeutic strategies in treating tumors, a new practical potent approach is needed. This review aimed to investigate previous literature related to tumors and Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis). In recent years, there has been growing interest in utilizing biological, viral, bacterial, yeast, and parasitic agents to cure cancers. According to several studies, some parasites could interferee with the tumorsâ�� growth. There has been much discussion about some parasitesâ�� applications to cure tumors in animals and humans. In studies, T. spiralis was found to have antitumor properties. The active proteins in T. spiralis, such as Caveolin-1, Heat shock proteins, and Ribosomal proteins, are thought to inhibit the growth of cancers, such as melanoma, myeloma, sarcoma, leukemia, stomach cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer. In addition, these proteins are thought to induce apoptosis in specific neoplastic cells. Accordingly, antigens derived from parasites may be helpful in cancer immunotherapy. However, there are still many unanswered questions regarding Trichinella spiralisâ�� potential use as a biotherapy agent against cancer. Future studies should focus on the purification of parasite antigens and their use for wider-scale trials in animal models © 2023, World's Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved.
Trichinella spiralis as a Potential Antitumor Agent: An Update
Effects of a Vitamins D and C Supplement on Performance, Hatchability, and Blood Profiles of Broiler Breeders (Text)
Effects of a Vitamins D and C Supplement on Performance, Hatchability, and Blood Profiles of Broiler Breeders (Other)
HTML Summary of #750 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of a Vitamins D and C Supplement on Performance, Hatchability, and Blood Profiles of Broiler Breeders</epc:when>
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in controlling Calcium and Phosphor homeostasis, bone mineralization, and modulation of immune responses. Vitamin C is a cofactor of enzymatic reactions with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties to prevent and repair damage to cells in the body from exposure to free radicals and the immune system. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of 25(OH)D3 with vitamin C at different doses on broiler breedersâ�� blood profile, egg quality, and hatchability. The adaptation process before collecting the data was 2 weeks. A total of 6200 females and 620 male broiler breeders in the laying period aged 32-46 weeks were divided into 4 treatment groups with 5 replicates (each peach contained 310 female and 31 male breeders). The treatments included control as T0 (0 g/ton Nutricell HyC®), T1 (100 g/ton Nutricell HyC®), T2 (200 g/ton Nutricell HyC®), T3 (400 g/ton Nutricell HyC®) supplemented in feed. The observed variables were performance in breeding farms and hatcheries. The treatments with experimental doses indicated significant differences in the performance of broiler breeders, including feed intake, body weight, egg weight, egg mass, hen day production, hen house production, feed conversion ratio, and parameters of blood profile. The results showed a significant difference between the treatments and the control group in terms of hatch performance, clear eggs, exploding eggs, hatchability eggs, fertile eggs, salable chicks, and hatching of fertile eggs. However, no significant effects on fertility, culling of chicks, and embryonic mortality in the treatment groups were indicated. In conclusion, Nutricell HyC® with a dose of 400 g/ton in feed has indicated the best result in breeding farm and hatchery performance of broiler breeders in the laying period. © 2023,Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Effects of a Vitamins D and C Supplement on Performance, Hatchability, and Blood Profiles of Broiler Breeders
The Effect of Sausage Tree Fruit (Kigelia africana) on Gonadal Development and Growth Performance of Oreochromis andersonii (Text)
The Effect of Sausage Tree Fruit (Kigelia africana) on Gonadal Development and Growth Performance of Oreochromis andersonii (Other)
HTML Summary of #825 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effect of Sausage Tree Fruit (Kigelia africana) on Gonadal Development and Growth Performance of Oreochromis andersonii</epc:when>
In Zambia fish farms, Oreochromis andersonii is an important common indigenous fish species. Naturally, safe phytochemicals can effectively improve hsif reproduction performance and their production potential. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of Kigelia africana on the gonadal development and the performance of Oreochromis andersonii. A total of 96 male fingerlings were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (D1-D4), and each treatment group had three replicates. The D1, D2, D3, and D4 groups were formulated to receive 0, 50, 100, and 150 g of powdered Kigelia africana/kg, respectively. The fish were fed the diets for 9 weeks, followed by the study parameter measurements at the end of the experiment. The highest mean body weight and gonadal weight were (29.8 ± 0.63 and 0.09 ± 0.010 g, respectively) for fish in the D2 group. There was no significant difference between the mean body weight of fish in different groups, but their mean gonadal weights differed significantly. The gonadal somatic index of fish differed significantly among treatment groups, with those in D2 having the highest mean value (0.36 ± 0.060). The highest mean standard length (103.3 ± 0.63 mm) and total length (126.0 ± 0.11 mm) of fish were observed for D1 and D2 groups, respectively. Additionally, the mean values for those parameters decreased with increasing Kigelia africana in the diet. The physicochemical parameters of water, including temperature and dissolved oxygen, ranged 16.8-23.1°C and 0.6-2.2 mg/L, respectively; these were generally at low levels considering the optimum requirements for this fish species. In conclusion, Kigelia africana improved gonadal growth and development but did not promote overall fish growth. The best gonadal growth/development results of Kigelia africana powder were observed at a level of 50 g/kg, which can be used as a performance booster in the aquaculture production of Oreochromis andersonii © 2023, World's Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved.
The Effect of Sausage Tree Fruit (Kigelia africana) on Gonadal Development and Growth Performance of Oreochromis andersonii
Effects of Sex and Rearing Season on Body Weight Gain and Growth Curve Parameters of Local Chickens in Niger (Text)
Effects of Sex and Rearing Season on Body Weight Gain and Growth Curve Parameters of Local Chickens in Niger (Other)
HTML Summary of #762 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Sex and Rearing Season on Body Weight Gain and Growth Curve Parameters of Local Chickens in Niger</epc:when>
Local chicken breeding is widespread in Niger, a country with harsh environmental conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sex, temperature, and hygrometry variations on the body weight gain and growth curve of local Nigerien chickens. Two groups of local chickens were followed from hatching to 20 weeks of age. The first and second groups consisted of 96 and 124 chickens, respectively. Three seasons were identified based on continuously recording ambient temperature and humidity over a year. The dry and warm seasons (February, March, April, and May), the wet and warm seasons (June, July, August, and September), and the dry and cold seasons (October, November, December, and January). The average hatch weight was about 24 g, and monthly body weight gains ranged from 100 to 360 g. Asymptotic weights were 2214.02 ± 69.94 g and 1776.93 ± 63.57 g for roosters and 1380.25 ± 25.96 g and 1433.08 ± 71.24 g for hens. The sexual maturity rates indicate that hens are more precocious than roosters. Sex and season had significant impacts on the growth performance of the chickens. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that the optimal time to raise local chickens in rural Niger is from June to January, and males are better candidates for meat production © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Sex and Rearing Season on Body Weight Gain and Growth Curve Parameters of Local Chickens in Niger
HTML Summary of #766 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Bioherbal Compounds on Performance and Intestinal Characteristics of Laying Chickens</epc:when>
Since the European Union banned the use of antibiotic growth promoters in poultry feed in 2006 (EC Regulation No 1831/2003), alternative feed additives have been investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a bioherbal combination of probiotics and phytobiotics as a feed additive in drinking water on the performance and intestinal characteristics of male laying chickens. The study was performed on 200 male laying chickens for 60 days. This research method was a field experiment with a completely randomized design, consisting of four treatments and five replications. The treatments were T0 (drinking water without bioherbal, control), T1 (control + bioherbal code 1 M), T2 (control + bioherbal code 2 H), and T3 (control + bioherbal combination of 1M and 2H). The investigated parameters included growth performance and intestinal profile of the male laying chickens. The addition of bioherbal increased the number of villi in the intestines of the male laying chickens; however, there was no significant difference among other parameters. It can be concluded that the addition of bioherbal code 2H as a feed additive with a composition of herbal leaves can improve the performance and intestinal characteristics of male laying chickens. © 2023, Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Intercomparison of Rainfall Estimates of Three Distributions for Computation of PFD using Rational Formula and SUH Approach (Text)
Intercomparison of Rainfall Estimates of Three Distributions for Computation of PFD using Rational Formula and SUH Approach (Other)
HTML Summary of #857 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Intercomparison of Rainfall Estimates of Three Distributions for Computation of PFD using Rational Formula and SUH Approach</epc:when>
Peak flood discharge (PFD) for a given return period is considered as one of the most important parameters for planning and design of hydraulic structures, river protection works, and development of integrated water resources management projects. This can be achieved by adopting various methods such as flood frequency analysis, rational formula, envelope curves and Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (SUH) approach. Out of which, rational formula is applied for estimation of PFD for ungauged catchments with catchment area less than 25 km2 while SUH approach is adopted for ungauged catchments with catchment area more than 25 km2. This paper aims to investigate the study on intercomparison of probability distributions for estimation of extreme (i.e., 1-day maximum) rainfall for computation of PFD by adopting rational formula and SUH approach for the Vadhavan Port Project (VPP). The annual 1-day maximum rainfall series is extracted from the daily rainfall data observed at Dahanu site during the period 1969 to 2019 and also used for estimation of rainfall. The probability distributions viz., Extreme Value Type-1, 2-parameter Log Normal and Log Pearson Type-3 (LP3) adopted in extreme value analysis of rainfall is evaluated through diagnostic test using root mean square error and accordingly LP3 is adjudged as the best fit for estimation of rainfall. The 1-day maximum rainfall obtained from LP3 is considered to compute the rainfall intensity by applying one-third rule of IMD (India Meteorological Department) and also used for computation of PFD through rational formula. In SUH approach, the areal rainfall, physiographic and SUH parameters of the ungauged catchments are considered for computation of PFD. The study suggests the 25-year, 50-year and 100-year return period PFDs at six locations within the study area using rational formula and SUH approach could be considered for design purposes while designing any civil and hydraulic structures in the VPP.
Intercomparison of Rainfall Estimates of Three Distributions for Computation of PFD using Rational Formula and SUH Approach
Effects of the Anthocyanin Compound (Cyanidin-3-Glucoside) on Some Histological and Physiological Parameters Related to the Heart in Male Rats Exposed to Oxidative Stress (Text)
Effects of the Anthocyanin Compound (Cyanidin-3-Glucoside) on Some Histological and Physiological Parameters Related to the Heart in Male Rats Exposed to Oxidative Stress (Other)
HTML Summary of #823 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of the Anthocyanin Compound (Cyanidin-3-Glucoside) on Some Histological and Physiological Parameters Related to the Heart in Male Rats Exposed to Oxidative Stress</epc:when>
The increasing incidence of heart disease due to an unhealthy diet rich in fats has encouraged the use of plant extracts, which have shown efficiency in improving body immunity and promoting human health. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucoside on some physiological and histological parameters related to the heart in white male rats exposed to oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide. The study included 48 adult male white rats with a weight range of 200-300 g, and an ages range of 8-12 weeks. The rats were randomly divided into six groups of eight rats per group. Group 1 was considered a negative control group supplied with water and the basal diet for 30 days. Group 2 was a positive control group in which the rats were given drinking water containing hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1. The third group orally received cyanidin-3-glucoside at a concentration of 50 mg/kg. The fourth group received both cyanidin-3-glucoside compounds at a concentration of 70 mg/kg and drinking water containing hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1. The fifth group was dosed orally with a cyanidin-3-glucoside only at a concentration of 50 mg/kg, and the sixth group was dosed orally with a cyanidin-3-glucoside at a concentration of 70 mg/kg. At the end of the experiment, the animals were anesthetized, then blood samples were collected from the heart directly to obtain serum for measuring the levels of troponin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK-MB). The results showed a significant increase in troponin, LDH, and CK-MB levels in the positive control group compared to the negative control group. However, there was a significant decrease in the level of these enzymes in the third and fourth groups, compared to the positive control group. The fifth and sixth groups demonstrated a significant decrease, compared to the positive control group. However, they revealed a nonsignificant difference in the levels of these parameters, compared to the negative control group. The obtained results indicated that the cyanidin-3-glucoside compound positively prevented heart muscle damage caused by oxidative stress © 2023, World's Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved.
Effects of the Anthocyanin Compound (Cyanidin-3-Glucoside) on Some Histological and Physiological Parameters Related to the Heart in Male Rats Exposed to Oxidative Stress
Strategies for Prevention and Control of Multidrug-resistant Bacteria in Ruminants (Text)
Strategies for Prevention and Control of Multidrug-resistant Bacteria in Ruminants (Other)
HTML Summary of #819 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Strategies for Prevention and Control of Multidrug-resistant Bacteria in Ruminants</epc:when>
Antibiotics are no longer effective in treating bacterial infections due to antimicrobial drug resistance. Therefore, various alternative strategies have been developed to combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The current review article aimed to shed light on strategies to prevent and control MDR bacteria in ruminants. Due to the development of new resistant bacteria, there is a need for effective treatments and prevention protocols in livestock and humans. With growing antibiotic-resistant organisms, a few antimicrobial medicines will be available to treat the infection when no new drugs are developed. This highlights the importance of looking for other strategies for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this regard, alternative strategies have been proposed to minimize antimicrobial drug overuse in ruminants. These alternative procedures include alternatives for growth promotion (such as in-feed enzymes, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and antimicrobial peptides), alternatives for disease prevention (such as vaccines, immune modulators, chicken egg yolk antibodies, farm management, and biosecurity), and alternatives for disease treatment such as plant extracts and phage-therapy to antibiotics. These alternative methods should be safe and efficient without inducing microbial resistance © 2023, World's Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved.
Strategies for Prevention and Control of Multidrug-resistant Bacteria in Ruminants
An Overview of Adenovirus Vector-based Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 (Text)
An Overview of Adenovirus Vector-based Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 (Other)
HTML Summary of #814 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">An Overview of Adenovirus Vector-based Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2</epc:when>
Adenovirus vectors have been employed to develop a vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for curtailing the Covid-19 pandemic spreading. Many different viral vectors have been mainly targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein as an antigen. Spike (S) protein is comprised of S1 and S2 subunits, in which the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S1 is responsible for recognizing and engaging with its host cellular receptor protein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), S2 accounts for membrane fusion of virus and host cell. Chimpanzee adenovirus was also used as a vector vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 (ChAdSARS-CoV-2-S) by intramuscular injection, and intranasal administration has been tested. Adenovirus vector-based vaccines are the most advanced, with several vaccines receiving Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). It was shown that rhesus macaques were protected from SARS-CoV-2 challenge after a month of being vaccinated with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S. A single intranasal or two intramuscular ChAd-SARSCoV-2-S vaccines could induce humoral antibodies and T cell responses to protect the upper and lower respiratory tract against SARS-CoV-2. As the effectiveness was demonstrated in non-human primates, ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-Sa potential option for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. However, detecting novel more transmissible and pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 variants added concerns about the vaccine efficacy and needs monitoring. Moreover, the cause of recently documented rare cases of vaccine indicated immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. This review article provided details for the adenovirus vector vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 in humans and tried to provide solutions to the adenovirus vector hemagglutinin issue © 2023, World's Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved.
An Overview of Adenovirus Vector-based Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2
EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS OF GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.) LEAF MEAL ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND MEAT ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF CHICKEN (Text)
EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS OF GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.) LEAF MEAL ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND MEAT ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF CHICKEN (Other)
HTML Summary of #733 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS OF GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.) LEAF MEAL ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND MEAT ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF CHICKEN</epc:when>
A study was carried out to determine the productive performance and meat organoleptic properties of finisher broiler fed diets supplemented with graded levels of dried guava leaf meal (DGLM) as a phytogenic feed additive. The study was conducted at the livestock experimental unit of National Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Nigeria. Two hundred and forty unsexed 5-weeks-old broilers of similar mean live weight were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary groups with 3 replicates (0, 150g, 300g and 450g of DGLM per 100kg basal diets) over a four weeks finisher period, in completely randomized design. All the diets of iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric and water were served to the birds ad libitum. The results of the finisher phase of the experiment showed that, though the average daily feed intakes of all the treatments were the same, the final body weights of birds fed T4 diets were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those fed other diets. Feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed cost/weight gain followed similar trend as in body weight gain. The organoleptic properties (colour, appearance, texture, taste and aroma) of all the treatment groups revealed that DGLM had no adverse effect on broiler meat. The study concluded that the supplementation of DGLM at 300g and 450g/ 100kg enhanced utilization of nutrients in the diets resulting in impressive growth performance, reduced feed cost/weight gain, and high survivability without influencing the organoleptic properties of finisher broiler chickens. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS OF GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.) LEAF MEAL ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND MEAT ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF CHICKEN
EFFECTS OF BIOSECURITY PRACTICES ON THE HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF POULTRY FARMS IN NIGERIA (Text)
EFFECTS OF BIOSECURITY PRACTICES ON THE HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF POULTRY FARMS IN NIGERIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #734 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECTS OF BIOSECURITY PRACTICES ON THE HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF POULTRY FARMS IN NIGERIA</epc:when>
The purpose of the study was to determine how Oyo State, Nigerian biosecurity strategies, affected the poultry health management system. The regional data were collected through a planned investigation. The 120 respondents were selected using random and purposeful sampling approaches. The analysis revealed that 43.3 of poultry farmers were between the ages of 31 and 40; the majority were men; 72.5 were married; 37.5 had been in farming for between 11 and 20 years, and 95.5 had one to six children. Most farmers (75.8) reported that raising poultry was their main source of income; 70.8 stated they got their information from the farmers' association; 95.0 stated burning birds reduced susceptibility to infectious diseases, and nearly all (99.2) stated keeping foot dips in place stopped the spread of infectious diseases. According to the regression analysis, there is a strong correlation between respondents' age, sex, marital status, agricultural experience, family size, source of income, and adoption of biosecurity methods in the research region. The greatest and most affordable way of infection protection can be found in biosecurity. Without appropriate biosecurity measures, no single disease prevention program will succeed. It is can be concluded that the introduction of additional biosecurity measures could be a significant boost to the prevention and spread of poultry diseases in the study area. © 2023,Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
EFFECTS OF BIOSECURITY PRACTICES ON THE HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF POULTRY FARMS IN NIGERIA
DETECTION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED SOYBEAN SEED, SOYBEAN MEAL AND RICE IN KARBALA CITY OF IRAQ (Text)
DETECTION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED SOYBEAN SEED, SOYBEAN MEAL AND RICE IN KARBALA CITY OF IRAQ (Other)
HTML Summary of #723 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">DETECTION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED SOYBEAN SEED, SOYBEAN MEAL AND RICE IN KARBALA CITY OF IRAQ</epc:when>
Rice and soybean are two high-demanded grains for human foods and animal feeds. The current study aimed as first time in one of Iraqi region to find genetically modified soybean seed, soybean meal and rice grain samples utilizing the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator catalyst like Agrobacterium tumefaciens NOS (ANOS) terminator, in PCR tests. A total of 55 samples of soybeans seed, soybean meal, and rice cereal were collected from the market in Karbala, Iraq. The samples were collected from markets in Karbala city during January-March 2021, and evaluated in the Food Laboratory, College of Al Safwa University of Karbala, Iraq. DNA was isolated from dry vegetable samples. Two genes, including CaMV-35S and NOS terminator, that are routinely used in genetic engineering were employed to evaluate genetically modified crops. The present study revealed CaMV-35S and NOS genes in soybean meals. In conclusion, the obtained results indicated that all rice samples tested with the same primers were genetically unaltered. Whereas, there is genetically alternations in soybean seeds and soybean meal. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
DETECTION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED SOYBEAN SEED, SOYBEAN MEAL AND RICE IN KARBALA CITY OF IRAQ
AVIAN CELLULITIS: A SKIN AFFECTION ASSOCIATED WITH ECONOMIC LOSSES IN BROILER CHICKENS (Text)
AVIAN CELLULITIS: A SKIN AFFECTION ASSOCIATED WITH ECONOMIC LOSSES IN BROILER CHICKENS (Other)
HTML Summary of #728 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">AVIAN CELLULITIS: A SKIN AFFECTION ASSOCIATED WITH ECONOMIC LOSSES IN BROILER CHICKENS</epc:when>
This review was designed for focusing on cellulitis condition in broiler chickens regarding causes, clinical picture, and prevention measures of this condition. Cellulitis is an acute diffuse inflammation of subcutaneous tissues and muscles especially on the skin of thighs and abdomen. This condition is more common in broilers than others and it is usually associated with economic losses. At processing, low grade chicken carcasses and high incidences of condemnation are the sequels of cellulitis. Skin integrity, stocking density, and litter conditions are predisposing factors for induction of cellulitis. However, other infectious bacterial and immunosuppressive viral pathogens are associated with cellulitis. Affected birds display areas of yellow skin along with a plaque of pus underneath the skin and the underlying muscles show hemorrhages. Presence of caseous, yellowish to green, dark red, or brown fetid gangrenous exudate could also be observed in the advanced cellulitis cases. Prevention and control of cellulitis are based on application of hygienic practices, vaccination, antibiotic therapy, genetic selection, and nutrition. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
AVIAN CELLULITIS: A SKIN AFFECTION ASSOCIATED WITH ECONOMIC LOSSES IN BROILER CHICKENS
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FERMENTED WATER HYACINTH LEAF MEAL ON FEED UTILIZATION AND PERFORMANCE OF JUVENILE NILE TILAPIA (Text)
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FERMENTED WATER HYACINTH LEAF MEAL ON FEED UTILIZATION AND PERFORMANCE OF JUVENILE NILE TILAPIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #729 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FERMENTED WATER HYACINTH LEAF MEAL ON FEED UTILIZATION AND PERFORMANCE OF JUVENILE NILE TILAPIA</epc:when>
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different inclusion levels of water hyacinth leaf meal fermented with Aspergillus niger on feed utilization efficiency and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus L.). Fermented water hyacinth leaf (FWHL) at 0, 10, 20 and 30 inclusion levels were incorporated into four isonitrogenous (35 CP), and isoenergetic (18 KJ g-1 g) test diets. The fishes were stocked in 80 liters aquarium units, in a closed, recirculating indoor system. The diets were fed to triplicate groups of fish fingerlings (1.6 g average body weight) twice a day, at 6 of body weight/day, for three months. The study demonstrated that Nile tilapia fed FWHL at levels 30 had a significant negative impact (P<0.05) on weight gain, specific growth rate, feed utilization efficiency, and whole body composition. But, there was no significant change on the performance of Nile tilapia fed diets supplemented with 10 and 20 FWHL when compared with the control group. Therefore, supplementation of fermented water hyacinth leaf meal to diets of Nile tilapia is recommended up to 20 because it is cheaper than fish meal and corn. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FERMENTED WATER HYACINTH LEAF MEAL ON FEED UTILIZATION AND PERFORMANCE OF JUVENILE NILE TILAPIA
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PROCESSING METHODS ON NUTRIENT CONTENTS AND ACCEPTABILITY OF HOG PLUM (Spondias mombin Linn.) LEAF BY WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP (Text)
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PROCESSING METHODS ON NUTRIENT CONTENTS AND ACCEPTABILITY OF HOG PLUM (Spondias mombin Linn.) LEAF BY WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP (Other)
HTML Summary of #725 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PROCESSING METHODS ON NUTRIENT CONTENTS AND ACCEPTABILITY OF HOG PLUM (Spondias mombin Linn.) LEAF BY WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP</epc:when>
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of processing method on leaves from Spondias mombin tree as fodder for ruminants in the tropics. The leaves were subjected to three different physical processing methods; T1 control (fresh but air drying), T2 (fresh but soaked in ordinary water for 24 h then air drying), and T3 (fresh but soaked in water at 50oC for 20 min then air drying). Nutrient and secondary metabolites content were determined in experiment 1. In experiment II, the Coefficient of preference (CoP) was determined. In vitro gas production was used to predict metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD), short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and methane (CH4) of S. mombin leave with different processing methods in experiment 111. Results revealed significant differences in the chemical composition of S. mombin leaf subjected to different processing methods. The dry matter value was highest in S. mombin leaves soaked in hot water (90.22), and lowest in S. mombin leaves soaked in water at room temperature (85.05). Crude protein was highest in leaf processed with hot water (11.25 ) and lowest in control (9.59 ). No significant variations were observed for minerals and anti-nutrients investigated. The Vitamin content of leaves of S. mombin tree with various processing methods differed significantly except for vitamin E. The preference coefficient value was greater in leaves soaked at 50oC for 20 mins than leaves from the other processing method and control. All leaves of S. mombin tree from all processing methods considered in this study were acceptable to the animals, but leaves soaked in 50oC for 20 mins were most preferred. The in vitro gas production parameters and characteristics were not significantly different. In conclusion, S. mombin leaf subjected to 50 oC for 20 mins is more advantageous as forage in animal nutrition than unprocessed. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PROCESSING METHODS ON NUTRIENT CONTENTS AND ACCEPTABILITY OF HOG PLUM (Spondias mombin Linn.) LEAF BY WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP
FERMENTATION OF BLOOD MEAL ABSORBED BY OIL PALM FRONDS WITH Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AND Lactobacillus plantarum (Text)
FERMENTATION OF BLOOD MEAL ABSORBED BY OIL PALM FRONDS WITH Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AND Lactobacillus plantarum (Other)
HTML Summary of #730 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">FERMENTATION OF BLOOD MEAL ABSORBED BY OIL PALM FRONDS WITH Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AND Lactobacillus plantarum</epc:when>
This study was aimed at improving the efficiency of blood meal (BM) use as feedstuff through the application of agricultural waste absorbance and fermentation technology. Blood was absorbed by oil palm fronds and fermented by using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BAF) and Lactobacillus plantarum (BLP) inoculants in 0, 60, and 120 hour incubation times. Quality was assessed by using Van Soest fiber analysis and in vitro digestibility trial on the best fermented product. Results showed that there was significant interaction effect (P<0.05) of inoculant type and fermentation times on the changes in fiber fraction of BM absorbed by oil palm fronds. Inoculant types were found to give significant effects (P<0.05) on ration digestibility rate and in vitro rumen condition characteristics. It was concluded that fermentation of BM absorbed with palm oil fronds with BLP in 120 hours resulted in BM with the best fiber fraction reduction, digestibility rate, and in vitro rumen condition characteristics. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
FERMENTATION OF BLOOD MEAL ABSORBED BY OIL PALM FRONDS WITH Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AND Lactobacillus plantarum
SYMPTOMATIC REPONIBLE UMBILICAL HERNIA IN THE RABBIT (Text)
SYMPTOMATIC REPONIBLE UMBILICAL HERNIA IN THE RABBIT (Other)
HTML Summary of #732 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">SYMPTOMATIC REPONIBLE UMBILICAL HERNIA IN THE RABBIT</epc:when>
A case of umbilical hernia in a 7-month-old female rabbit was presented to the Surgery Clinic of the Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo. The owner noticed inappetence and lethargy four days before arrival at the clinic. Clinical parameters on physical examination were within the physiological range. Bruxism and lethargy were noted as signs of discomfort due to gas accumulation in colon. A reponible, nonpainful mass in the umbilical scar area was palpated but intestinal peristalsis was not altered. General anesthesia was induced by intramuscular administration of ketamine with medetomidine and maintained with isoflurane. Surgical treatment of hernia included the peritoneal sac dissection and amputation, repositioning of small intestines, and correction of abdominal wall defect. Intraoperative multimodal analgesia approach was used to reduce inhalant anesthesia requirements and to prevent pain-related and stress-related complications. In this case report we described a surgical and veterinary treatment of the reponible umbilical hernia in a rabbit. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
SYMPTOMATIC REPONIBLE UMBILICAL HERNIA IN THE RABBIT
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF QUAIL OVARY EMBRYOGENESIS (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) UNDER DIFFERENT LIGHTING COLORS (Text)
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF QUAIL OVARY EMBRYOGENESIS (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) UNDER DIFFERENT LIGHTING COLORS (Other)
HTML Summary of #724 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF QUAIL OVARY EMBRYOGENESIS (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) UNDER DIFFERENT LIGHTING COLORS</epc:when>
Quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) is one of the commercial poultry that is being developed and produced more frequently. Various lighting programs (pre-hatching) on Aves have been carried out to provide an increased biological response, including growth, reproduction, and productivity. The addition of light or the lighting program is also a factor in the growth of Aves which directly plays a role in controlling various physiological processes. The purpose of this study was to review embryogenesis development of the Quail ovary under various lighting conditions. A literature search was carried out systematically through the PubMed, NCBI, and Google Scholar databases using keywords, namely, "embryogenesis development, ovary, quail light color, and lighting”. The articles obtained were selected based on these keywords by setting several inclusion criteria. Papers that do not meet the inclusion criteria are eliminated, and articles that meet the criteria will be analyzed to obtain data. Based on the search results in the databases using predetermined keywords, 500 articles were obtained. All articles were selected based on inclusion criteria and exclusion and obtained as many as 35 articles that met the inclusion criteria. From the results of the research, it can be concluded that giving variations in the colour of lighting for 16 hours affects the development of quail ovaries. Because of the significant effect of lighting and its colour on embryo development, pre-hatch lighting programs should be considered in future studies. © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF QUAIL OVARY EMBRYOGENESIS (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) UNDER DIFFERENT LIGHTING COLORS
CONTROL OF DIPTERIDS IN A FEEDLOT UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN A FOREST AREA OF CENTER REGION OF CAMEROON (Text)
CONTROL OF DIPTERIDS IN A FEEDLOT UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN A FOREST AREA OF CENTER REGION OF CAMEROON (Other)
HTML Summary of #726 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">CONTROL OF DIPTERIDS IN A FEEDLOT UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN A FOREST AREA OF CENTER REGION OF CAMEROON</epc:when>
The forest agro-ecological zone of Cameroon is heavily infested with biting dipterids, but no control is ongoing in this part of the country. In the rainy season (May 2022) in a feedlot under construction in Ndogbea village, eight days entomological study consisting of (i) baseline fly collection using five vavoua traps set in all the sides of a one hectare feedlot yard for four days and (ii) installation of deltamethrin impregnated screens set at 1m from trap and their spraying at frequency of two days in four days. About 1368 biting and non-biting dipterids were collected and classified under five important genera namely Musca, Stomoxys, Tabanus, Chrysops, and Glossina. Musca spp. Were more frequent than other species. Only one Glossina fuscipes fuscipes was identified. The vavoua trap (VT4) facing the forest with canopy trees had the highest fly catches. The apparent density (ADT) of all the fly genera dropped from pre-screen installation phase (ADT=86.8flies/trap/day (f/t/d)) to screen installation phase (ADT= 38.2 f/t/d) with overall fly population density reduction rate of 55.99. However, there was no statistically significant difference (Χ2=35.000; df =30; P=0.243) in population density reduction rates of the various fly-groups. In conclusion, five dipterid groups of veterinary and zoonotic importance constituted the fly-vector fauna of Ndogbea village. The presence of deltamethrin impregnated screens contributed to the fly population density reduction rate of 55.99. An integrated approach including: animal spraying, herd hygiene, use of traps and screens is needed to maintain low fly numbers in this feedlot. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
CONTROL OF DIPTERIDS IN A FEEDLOT UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN A FOREST AREA OF CENTER REGION OF CAMEROON
EFFECTS OF CLOVE (Syzygium aromaticum) ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENTS VALUE AND DIGESTIBILITY, BLOOD LIPID PROFILE, ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE OF GROWING RABBITS (Text)
EFFECTS OF CLOVE (Syzygium aromaticum) ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENTS VALUE AND DIGESTIBILITY, BLOOD LIPID PROFILE, ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE OF GROWING RABBITS (Other)
HTML Summary of #731 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECTS OF CLOVE (Syzygium aromaticum) ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENTS VALUE AND DIGESTIBILITY, BLOOD LIPID PROFILE, ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE OF GROWING RABBITS</epc:when>
The current study evaluated the effect of feeding clove (Syzygium aromaticum) as a natural additive on productive performance, digestibility and nutritive value, antioxidant enzymes activities, and immune response of growing rabbits. A total of 48 New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits aged 6 weeks were randomly allocated to 4 groups (12 rabbits/group). Clove buds powder (CLP) was supplemented at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 of basal diet. Four tested diets formulated to contain basal diet without CLP (treatment 1, T1), 0.5 CLP (T2), 1 CLP (T3), and 1.5 CLP (T4). The animals were provided pelleted diets and fresh water ad libitum throughout the experimental period. The rabbits fed diets containing CLP improved FCR (P=0.007) and consumed (P<0.0001) less than those fed control group. The diet containing 1.5 CLP had the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) value (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed among experimental groups in all nutrients digestibility except CP digestibility significantly (P=0.0261) increased with 0.5 and 1 CLP groups compared to control group. Blood total lipid (TL) was significantly decreased (P<0.009) with increasing the dietary level of CLP, (being 379.17 and 361.11 mg/dl for 1 and 1.5 CLP groups vs. 470.84 for the control group). The catalase and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) concentrations significantly (P<0.0001) increased with CLP groups compared to control group. The immunoglobulins titres (IgG and IgM) improved (P>0.05) with rabbits fed CLP diets when compared to those fed the control diet. In conclusion, using CLP as an alternative feed additive in rabbit’s diets up to 1.5 without any adverse effect on productive performance and vital activities. The CLP inclusion in rabbit diets decreased feed intake (FI), improved FCR and increased profitability, moreover, had a positive effect on antioxidant enzyme activity and immunity (IgG and IgM) titres. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
EFFECTS OF CLOVE (Syzygium aromaticum) ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENTS VALUE AND DIGESTIBILITY, BLOOD LIPID PROFILE, ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE OF GROWING RABBITS
EFFECTS OF GRADED LEVELS OF DIETARY CHROMIUM-YEAST ON RUMEN AND BLOOD METABOLITES, FEED DIGESTIBILITY, AND PERFORMANCE OF GOATS (Text)
EFFECTS OF GRADED LEVELS OF DIETARY CHROMIUM-YEAST ON RUMEN AND BLOOD METABOLITES, FEED DIGESTIBILITY, AND PERFORMANCE OF GOATS (Other)
HTML Summary of #727 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECTS OF GRADED LEVELS OF DIETARY CHROMIUM-YEAST ON RUMEN AND BLOOD METABOLITES, FEED DIGESTIBILITY, AND PERFORMANCE OF GOATS</epc:when>
The study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of Chromium-yeast minerals on consumption, feed digestibility, rumen and blood metabolites, Average Daily Gain (ADG) and body condition score (BCS). The research was conducted at Gunung Tugel Farm, Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia. The material used was 24 male Jawarandu goats with an average initial weight of 25 ± 1.23 kg, individual cages, the feed given consisted of elephant grass silage and concentrate. The treatment feed contains chromium-yeast at levels of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/kg. The research method used was experimental using a completely randomized design. There were 4 treatments tested, namely T0 (70 concentrate + 30 elephant grass silage), T1 (70 concentrate + 30 elephant grass silage + 0.5 mg/kg chromium-yeast), T2 (70 concentrate + 30 elephant grass silage + 1 mg/kg chromium-yeast) and T3 (70 concentrate + 30 elephant grass silage + 1.5 mg/kg chromium-yeast). Each treatment was repeated 6 times so there were 24 trials. The further test used is polynomial orthogonal. The variables measured in this study were feed consumption, feed digestibility, rumen metabolite products, daily body weight gain and body condition score. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the treatment had a significant effect on dry matter and organic matter consumption, feed digestibility, rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and blood glucose 3 h post-feeding, chromium-yeast levels, and had a very significant effect on ADG and BCS. In conclusion, chromium-yeast supplementation was able to improve goat performance with optimal levels ranging from 1.04–1.36 mg/kg of feed. © 2023, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
EFFECTS OF GRADED LEVELS OF DIETARY CHROMIUM-YEAST ON RUMEN AND BLOOD METABOLITES, FEED DIGESTIBILITY, AND PERFORMANCE OF GOATS
Carcass and Internal Organs Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Fed Soybean Diet (Text)
Carcass and Internal Organs Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Fed Soybean Diet (Other)
HTML Summary of #747 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Carcass and Internal Organs Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Fed Soybean Diet</epc:when>
Soybean (Glycine max) is a principal vegetable protein source in the animal feed industry in Nigeria, including the poultry feed industry, but because of the fact that it contains various anti-nutritional factors, the raw full-fat cannot be used in poultry nutrition. The present study was carried out to examine the carcass, and internal organ characteristics of broiler chickens fed a soybean diet. A total of eight hundred and four unsexed one-day-old broiler chickens (Arbor Acre) with an average weight of 45 ± 1.1 g were used in 56 days feeding trial to observe the effect of different processing methods of soybean on broiler chicken carcass and organs characteristics including; liver, spleen, lungs, crop, bile, pancreas, heart, intestine and empty gizzard. There were four dietary treatments (T1-T4), each containing soybean meal as the control diet, dried-boiled soybean, roasted soybean and dried-fermented soybean. Each treatment was replicated three times with 67 broiler chickens per replicate, giving 201 broiler chickens per treatment. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design. The starter diet was fed for 4 weeks and the finisher diet for 4 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, 15 broiler chickens were randomly selected for sampling and collecting the data. The weight of the internal organs and carcass characteristics showed no significant difference in the treatment groups, but the fermented method showed the highest value in the live weight (2075.00 g), eviscerated weight (1532.46 g), and breast weight (483.72 g) compared to other carcass parameters in other treatments including the control diet. It is, therefore, concluded that for optimal broiler growth, the fermented processing method of soybean is recommended. © 2023, Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Carcass and Internal Organs Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Fed Soybean Diet
Suitability of Inguinal and Axillary Sites for Temperature Measurement Using Digital Thermometers: A Comparison with Rectal Thermometry in Broiler Chickens (Text)
Suitability of Inguinal and Axillary Sites for Temperature Measurement Using Digital Thermometers: A Comparison with Rectal Thermometry in Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #1055 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Suitability of Inguinal and Axillary Sites for Temperature Measurement Using Digital Thermometers: A Comparison with Rectal Thermometry in Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Core body temperature is one of the physiological parameters that must be assessed during the monitoring of the thermic and or health status of broiler chickens. In this regard, cloacal thermometry is a standard method used for temperature measurement although it has many drawbacks. This study was conducted to explore the suitability of other anatomical sites for temperature measurement using a digital thermometer. This was a single-factor experiment that considered the anatomical site as the main factor with three levels (treatments), including cloacal (DTtcloacal), axillary (DTtaxillary), and inguinal (DTtinguinal) sites. Out of 84 broiler chickens, a total of 28 chickens were randomly selected for temperature measurement. The temperature was measured for each anatomical site, and the readings were analyzed using appropriate statistics. The cloacal site had the highest mean temperature (41.40 ± 0.17℃), while the lowest mean value was observed for the axillary site (41.12 ± 0.19℃). There was no significant difference between the mean cloacal and inguinal temperatures. The cloacal and inguinal temperature readings were significantly correlated. The results for the cloacal and inguinal temperature measurements revealed a non-significant bias. The agreement interval between these two methods was sufficiently lower than the maximum acceptable difference between the anatomical sites. Both cloacal and inguinal temperature measurements had similar median points. The results indicated an underestimation of the temperature readings for the axillary site compared to those of the other sites. In conclusion, this study has revealed that the application of a digital thermometer using the inguinal site gives temperature readings that are similar to those of the conventional cloacal method.
Suitability of Inguinal and Axillary Sites for Temperature Measurement Using Digital Thermometers: A Comparison with Rectal Thermometry in Broiler Chickens
Effects of Black Pepper, Turmeric, and Fennel on Essential and Non-essential Chemical Contents of Egg (Text)
Effects of Black Pepper, Turmeric, and Fennel on Essential and Non-essential Chemical Contents of Egg (Other)
HTML Summary of #748 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Black Pepper, Turmeric, and Fennel on Essential and Non-essential Chemical Contents of Egg</epc:when>
The use of essential oils (EOs) in animal feeding has gained attention as a potential antibiotic growth promoter replacement over the past two decades. The current study aimed to determine the impact of three feed additives, namely black pepper, turmeric, and fennel, on the productivity of laying hens, the chemical composition, and macro and microelement content in layer eggs. A total of 280 chicks aged 75 days were randomly divided into 7 treatments (5 replicates of 8 chicks). One treatment group was provided as the unsupplemented control. The other six treatment groups, namely D0 (basal diet BD control), D1 (BD + 1% of black pepper), D2 (BD + 1% of turmeric), D3 (BD + 1% of fennel), D4 (BD + 0.5% of black pepper + 0.5% of turmeric), D5 (BD + 0.5% of black pepper + 0.5% of fennel), D6 (BD + 0.5% of turmeric + 0.5% of fennel) were supplemented with varying levels of phytobiotics. The result of the study indicated that the egg weight, Hen-day-production (HDP), egg quality, and haugh unit significantly improved with a combined supplementation of phytobiotics (D4, D5, and D6 diets) when compared with the control. However, there were no significant differences in the chemical composition of eggs. The X-ray fluorescence spectrometer analysis of eggs revealed the presence of 17 significant elements, including phosphorous, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, and bromine. The study findings showed that the combined supplementation of phytobiotics lowered K and Cl, whereas Zn, Ca, S, and Cu contents positively increased in hen eggs by including phytobiotic in the diet. In conclusion, the EOs of phytobiotics as dietary supplementation at 1% and 0.5% could improve the HDP, egg weight, and egg mass, including nutrient elements in the egg. © 2023, Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Black Pepper, Turmeric, and Fennel on Essential and Non-essential Chemical Contents of Egg
Amelioration of Hepatotoxicity by Sodium Butyrate Administration in Rats (Text)
Amelioration of Hepatotoxicity by Sodium Butyrate Administration in Rats (Other)
HTML Summary of #790 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Amelioration of Hepatotoxicity by Sodium Butyrate Administration in Rats</epc:when>
Lead poisoning is a serious environmental issue with life-threatening consequences. Lead poisoning increases the risk of cancers, gastrointestinal disorders, hepatotoxicity, central nervous system diseases, nephropathy, and cardiovascular diseases in animals and humans. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of sodium butyrate, as an antioxidant, on protecting female adult rats from the harmful effects of lead acetate. A total of 40 adult female albino rats were divided randomly into four equal groups. The first group dealt as the control. The second group received lead acetate at a dose of 200 mg/kg daily orally. The third group received lead acetate at a dose of 50 mg/kg daily orally, and the fourth group received both sodium butyrate and lead acetate orally/day for 35 days. The result indicated that sodium butyrate reduced the concentration of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) which were elevated by lead acetate poising. Moreover, sodium butyrate ameliorates the redux status by decreasing malondialdehyde and increasing total antioxidant capacity. Additionally, sodium butyrate-treated rats showed significant alterations in the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and interleukin -10 genes. In conclusion, this study reveals an unrecognized role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and Interleukin-10 signaling after sodium butyrate treatment in regulating the immunopathology that occurs during lead acetate poising. © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Amelioration of Hepatotoxicity by Sodium Butyrate Administration in Rats
Value Pertinence for Residential Property Investments in Christian Mission Estates: An Investigation of Canaan City in Ogun State, Nigeria (Text)
Value Pertinence for Residential Property Investments in Christian Mission Estates: An Investigation of Canaan City in Ogun State, Nigeria (Other)
HTML Summary of #877 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Value Pertinence for Residential Property Investments in Christian Mission Estates: An Investigation of Canaan City in Ogun State, Nigeria</epc:when>
The rapid expansion and urbanization of Lagos state of Nigeria due to uncontrolled rural - urban migration seems to have succeeded in transforming the peri-urban areas of Ota, Ogun state into a mini economic hub, thus propelling property values skywards. The present study ascertains if passing rents, as well as sales value for the various apartments in Canaan city estate as charged by the project developer, is overpriced, and underpriced or fair-priced. The rental data collected from the residents of the estate were compared with rental opinion obtained from practicing estate surveyors and valuers in Ogun State. 240 questionnaires were administered to residents of the estate while 22 questionnaires were administered to registered estate surveying and valuation firms. Interviews and questionnaires were deployed to solicit data from the Physical Planning Department (PPD) being the managers of the estate. The retrieved data were then collated and presented using figures and Tables. Findings showed that the passing rents for all cadres of residential apartments in the estate were discounted with the most discounted apartment type being the 2-bedroom luxury flats and the least discounted apartment type being the 4-bedroom semi-detached houses. For sales value, findings showed that the high end apartments – the detached houses, semi-detached and also the 3-bedroom terrace houses were hugely discounted. Unfortunately, the 1-bedroom and 2-bedroom flats were the least discounted while the 2-bedroom luxury flats and 3-bedroom flats were either within range or slightly overpriced. The study concluded that the passing rents were underpriced due to the income nature of tenants and subsequently, the sales value proposed by the developer of the estate was underpriced. The study recommended an upward review of sales prices should the estate proprietor still continue with the sales of its apartment within Canaan city.
Value Pertinence for Residential Property Investments in Christian Mission Estates: An Investigation of Canaan City in Ogun State, Nigeria
Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Porcine Cysticercosis in Boucle Du Mouhoun Region of Burkina Faso: A Cross-sectional Survey (Text)
Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Porcine Cysticercosis in Boucle Du Mouhoun Region of Burkina Faso: A Cross-sectional Survey (Other)
HTML Summary of #777 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Porcine Cysticercosis in Boucle Du Mouhoun Region of Burkina Faso: A Cross-sectional Survey</epc:when>
Taenia solium cysticercosis is a neglected tropical zoonosis with economic and public health importance. Cysticercosis is widely present in low-income countries with extensive pig breeding systems and poor human hygiene practices. In Burkina Faso, a study on porcine cysticercosis has been done only in Boulkiemde province. There is a lack of serological data on this disease in other areas, such as Balés province in the Boucle du Mouhoun region. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of porcine cysticercosis in Boucle du Mouhoun, Burkina Faso. A total of 373 serum samples were collected from local breed pigs that were randomly selected from four villages in the mentioned region. Data were also collected using a structured questionnaire to determine explanatory factors for the infection. Serum samples were tested using an antigen ELISA test to detect circulating antigens of Tænia solium. The prevalence of the disease was 54.9 (95 CI = 49.8-59.9). Following univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, pigs originating from Kombia were found to be a protective factor (OR=0.54, 95 CI = 0.33-0.89). Male pigs were more likely to be infected than females (OR= 1.7, 95 CI = 1.09-2.64). The prevalence and factors associated with Taenia solium cysticercosis were identified and according to these data, porcine cysticercosis had a high prevalence in this area. Therefore, it is important to implement control actions focusing on disease control and public health for people infected with Taenia solium © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Porcine Cysticercosis in Boucle Du Mouhoun Region of Burkina Faso: A Cross-sectional Survey
The Expression of Plasma Protein in Bali-polled Bulls Using 1D-SDS-PAGE (Text)
The Expression of Plasma Protein in Bali-polled Bulls Using 1D-SDS-PAGE (Other)
HTML Summary of #789 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Expression of Plasma Protein in Bali-polled Bulls Using 1D-SDS-PAGE</epc:when>
The fertility rate of bulls in a breeding program is not only described by the quantity and quality of semen. Factors, such as the interstice factor of the sperm and the plasma component of semen, affect the fertility rate of bulls. The fertility rate can also be determined by identifying the protein content of semen plasma. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify the relationship between seminal plasma protein molecular weight and semen quality of Bali-polled bulls. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Semen Processing, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia, the Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia and the Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia from November 2021 to January 2022. The samples came from 5 Bali-polled and 5 Bali-horned bulls. Semen collection was conducted twice a week using an artificial vagina. The concentration of seminal plasma protein was determined by the Bradford method of 1D-SDS-PAGE. The study results showed that fresh semen of Bali-polled and Bali-horned bulls was considered a normal category. Seminal plasma proteins of Bali-polled and Bali-horned bulls were classified using 8 bands to categorize molecular weight; 150 kD (IGF-1), 110 kD (A-kinase anchoring protein 3), 93 kD (A-kinase anchoring protein 4), 54-87 kD (Arylsulfatase-a), 44-62 kD (N-Acetyl-Ã�-Guicosaminidase), 44kD (Phosphoglycerate kinase), 15-30 kD (BSP A1/A2, BSP-A3 and BSP-30 BSP1, BSP3, and BSP5) and 12-14 kD (Acidic seminal fluid proteins). The findings indicated that both Bali-polled and Bali-horned bulls could have a high reproductive rate. In conclusion, protein analysis based on molecular weight using 1D-SDS-PAGE can be used as a biomarker for semen quality in Bali-polled bulls. Therefore, evaluating the semen quality with a molecular basis as an additional indicator of superior bull in the selection process is an alternative method. © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
The Expression of Plasma Protein in Bali-polled Bulls Using 1D-SDS-PAGE
Circular Economy for Sustainable Construction Material Management (Text)
Circular Economy for Sustainable Construction Material Management (Other)
HTML Summary of #1299 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Circular Economy for Sustainable Construction Material Management</epc:when>
The construction industry is a major contributor to global resource consumption and environmental degradation, emphasizing the need for sustainable material management. This study explores the integration of circular economy (CE) principles into the construction sector to enhance resource efficiency, reduce waste, and promote the reuse and recycling of materials. We review current practices identify barriers to CE adoption, and propose innovative strategies such as modular design, material passports, and digital platforms for material tracking and exchange. The environmental, economic, and social benefits of adopting these principles are examined through detailed case studies of pioneering projects that showcase significant reductions in environmental impact, operational costs, and enhanced social value. The paper highlights the potential of CE to transform the construction industry towards sustainable practices that align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on responsible consumption and production, and sustainable cities and communities. The study concludes by discussing the challenges and opportunities in mainstreaming circular economy practices within the industry, urging a collaborative approach among stakeholders for successful implementation.
Circular Economy for Sustainable Construction Material Management
Designing a Recombinant Multi-epitope DNA Vaccine as Candidate for Protection against Pathogenic Leptospira Infection in Animals (Text)
Designing a Recombinant Multi-epitope DNA Vaccine as Candidate for Protection against Pathogenic Leptospira Infection in Animals (Other)
HTML Summary of #779 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Designing a Recombinant Multi-epitope DNA Vaccine as Candidate for Protection against Pathogenic Leptospira Infection in Animals</epc:when>
Leptospirosis can cause severe disease and probable death in humans. Antigenic epitopes from pathogenic strains of the bacteria have shown potential for serving as vaccine candidates and play a key role in the sensitivity and specificity of immunodiagnostic tests. This in-vitro analysis was undertaken to develop a prototype recombinant DNA vaccine using in-silico epitope prediction method. Epitope prediction software programs predicted the most antigenic linear B-cell epitopes of OmpL1, LipL32, LipL41, Loa22, and LigA. Thirteen epitopes were predicted, connected by the Gly-Ser linker, and synthesized. The purity of the concentrated recombinant multi-epitope protein was assessed by restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis. In-vitro expression on mammalian Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line indicated strong cytoplasmic fluorescence produced based on an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test. The green color of the cytoplasm indicates successful transcribed and translated DNA as against the blue-stained nucleus observed in the un-transfected control group based on the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test. The findings of the current study showed high antibody binding potentials of the vaccine constructs, which could be used for diagnostic applications or as polyvalent vaccine candidates © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Designing a Recombinant Multi-epitope DNA Vaccine as Candidate for Protection against Pathogenic Leptospira Infection in Animals
The comparison of cognitive distortions and dysfunctional attitudes of normal adolescents and adolescents with conduct disorder (Text)
The comparison of cognitive distortions and dysfunctional attitudes of normal adolescents and adolescents with conduct disorder (Other)
HTML Summary of #997 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The comparison of cognitive distortions and dysfunctional attitudes of normal adolescents and adolescents with conduct disorder</epc:when>
Over the past few decades, conduct disorder has increased rapidly. However, few studies have been conducted on the role of interpersonal cognitive distortions and dysfunctional attitudes in this kind of disorder. This is a causal-comparative study. The research statistical population is composed of all the adolescents with conduct disorder living at Esfahan’s Centre for Rehabilitation and Training in 2021. Also, research sample size encompasses a total of 60 adolescents: 30 adolescents with conduct disorder and 30 normal. Two groups were matched regarding the age, sex and educational level. The research tools were three questionnaires on demographic characteristics, interpersonal cognitive distortion and dysfunctional attitude scales. Data were analyzed by Multivariate Regression. According to the research data analysis, there was not a significant difference between two groups with regard to the misconception mean scores in interpersonal relations and interpersonal cognitive distortions. However, mean scores of adolescents suffering from conduct disorder in rejection with interpersonal relations, unrealistic expectations, and dysfunctional attitudes were significant (P<0.05). According to findings of the study, it seems that dysfunctional attitudes and interpersonal cognitive distortions are effective in causing disorders. Thus, by providing grounds for psychological interventions, conduct disorder can be treated with better results.
The comparison of cognitive distortions and dysfunctional attitudes of normal adolescents and adolescents with conduct disorder
BF Psychology
Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Maturation Rate, Morphology, and Gene Expression of Vitrified In Vitro Matured Dromedary Camel Oocytes (Text)
Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Maturation Rate, Morphology, and Gene Expression of Vitrified In Vitro Matured Dromedary Camel Oocytes (Other)
HTML Summary of #783 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Maturation Rate, Morphology, and Gene Expression of Vitrified In Vitro Matured Dromedary Camel Oocytes</epc:when>
In vitro embryo generation, cryopreservation, and embryo transfer are examples of assisted reproductive technologies that can be used to improve camel genetic performance and fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ascorbic acid supplementation to in vitro maturation media on the maturation rate, morphology, and gene expression of fresh and vitrified in vitro matured dromedary camel oocytes. In the current study, 810 oocytes of excellent and good quality were in vitro matured in maturation medium (TCM-199 + 10 ug/ml follicle stimulated hormone + 10 fetal calf serum + 100 IU/ml Pregnant mare serum + 50 μg/ml gentamycin) without any additives to act as a control group (C) and with 50 μg/ml ascorbic acid group (AA) and incubation in a CO2 incubator (38.5 Ì�C, 5 CO2, 20 O2 and 95 humidity) for 40 hours. In vitro matured dromedary camel oocytes with the first polar body (n = 210) in C group and AA group (n = 250) were placed in basic medium (BM) and then placed in vitrification solution1 (VS1) for one minute, followed by the transfer of oocytes to VS2 (double concentration of VS1, containing 20 Ethyl Glycol (EG) and +20 Dimethyl sulfoxide) for 30 seconds. Oocytes were then loaded into sterile 0.25 ml straws and stored in liquid nitrogen for 7-10 days. The normal fresh and vitrified /thawed in vitro matured dromedary camel oocytes were kept in RNA later at a -80°C freezer for gene expression analysis. The maturation rate of dromedary camel oocytes in the in vitro matured AA group was significantly higher than that of the C group. The percentage of normally recovered vitrified/thawed oocytes was higher in the in vitro matured with ascorbic acid (VAA) than in the control (VC) group. The expression pattern of the SOD1 gene and GDF9 gene was upregulated in fresh AA and VAA groups than in the fresh C and VC groups. The profile of the SOD1 gene was more abundant in the vitrified/thawed oocytes VAA group than in the VC group. All vitrified/thawed groups, whether control or ascorbic acid supplemented, had lower levels of SOD1, GDF9, and BMP15 expression, compared to the fresh groups. In conclusion, the supplementation of the maturation medium with ascorbic acid has an increased maturation rate, and normal morphology of vitrified/ thawed oocytes which was linked with upregulation of SOD1, GDF9 genes expression. © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Maturation Rate, Morphology, and Gene Expression of Vitrified In Vitro Matured Dromedary Camel Oocytes
Determination of Earthquake Behaviors of a Reinforced Concrete Building with and without Earthquake Base Isolation (Text)
Determination of Earthquake Behaviors of a Reinforced Concrete Building with and without Earthquake Base Isolation (Other)
HTML Summary of #871 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Determination of Earthquake Behaviors of a Reinforced Concrete Building with and without Earthquake Base Isolation</epc:when>
There are many fault lines within the borders of our country, especially the North Anatolian Fault line. For this reason, earthquake resistant structural design is a very important issue in order to prevent possible economic losses after earthquakes, especially the life safety of people living in our country. The main goal in earthquake insulation, which is a new approach in earthquake design of buildings, is to reduce the possible effects on the structure by placing flexible elements in the horizontal direction and rigid in the vertical direction, by greatly reducing the earthquake loads and accelerations acting on the superstructure. In this study, the earthquake behavior of the buildings, which were designed by the Housing Development Administration of the Republic of Turkey and designed as a base isolation support, and the structures designed according to the principles determined in the Turkey Building Earthquake Code 2018 by using base isolation, were determined according to the non-linear time history analysis method. The behavior changes of the structure designed using earthquake base isolation compared to the conventional structure were examined, and the period values, floor accelerations and base shear forces of the two structures were compared. As a result of the results obtained, the positive effects of the period increase and the decrease in floor accelerations in the earthquake insulated structure were revealed.
Determination of Earthquake Behaviors of a Reinforced Concrete Building with and without Earthquake Base Isolation
The Effects of Antimicrobial Residues on Microbiological Content and the Antibiotic Resistance in Frozen Fish (Text)
The Effects of Antimicrobial Residues on Microbiological Content and the Antibiotic Resistance in Frozen Fish (Other)
HTML Summary of #780 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effects of Antimicrobial Residues on Microbiological Content and the Antibiotic Resistance in Frozen Fish</epc:when>
As fish are perishable foods, their storage conditions require appropriate sanitary and temperature regimes. The producers commonly use various antibiotics to stop fishâ��s microbiological and biochemical processes. The current research aimed to examine antibacterial residues in frozen fish (Argentina, flounder, lackerda, mackerel, capelin, salka, saithe, herring, dorado, and pink salmon) to find their influence on the quantitative content of microorganisms and to determine the sensitivity of isolated psychrotrophic bacteria to antibiotics. A total of 75 samples were collected from the fillets of frozen fish species. These fish were imported from Norway (16 samples), Vietnam (24 samples), Russian Federation (8 samples), China (14 samples), New Zealand (2 samples), Italy (2 samples), United States (4 samples), and United Kingdom (5 samples). The obtained results revealed that aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Kanamycin, Spectinomycin, Dihydrostreptomycin, Paromomycin, and Apramycin) were in 45.6 ± 1.4 of frozen fish. The findings indicated the presence of some antibacterial residues (Nalidixic acid, antibiotics: Apramycin, Kanamycin, Tiamulin, and Nafcillin) in frozen fish, the definition of which has not been specified in the EU Regulation. This gives grounds to prohibit the use or develop standards for the maximum permissible concentration of these antibacterial substances in fish. The most common psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from frozen fish without antibacterial residues were highly sensitive to antibiotics, including Penicillin, Tetracycline groups, and Aminoglycosides. Therefore, it can be concluded that the residual levels of various biocides found in fish are a source for the expression of multi-resistance genes, which can be transmitted to consumers in the food chain © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
The Effects of Antimicrobial Residues on Microbiological Content and the Antibiotic Resistance in Frozen Fish
Immunopathological Assessment of Hydatid Cyst and Cysticercus Tenuicollis Sonicated Protoscoilces Antigens in Mice (Text)
Immunopathological Assessment of Hydatid Cyst and Cysticercus Tenuicollis Sonicated Protoscoilces Antigens in Mice (Other)
HTML Summary of #782 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Immunopathological Assessment of Hydatid Cyst and Cysticercus Tenuicollis Sonicated Protoscoilces Antigens in Mice</epc:when>
The present study was designed to investigate the cross-protection (protective immunity) between Hydatid cyst and Bladder worm and evaluate the immunologic response of both humerol and cellular immunity in mice. To achieve these goals, 120 mice were used and equally divided into four groups immunized subcutaneously with 2 doses of antigen at the first and 14 days of the experiment. Mice in the first group (n=30) were immunized with 0.3 ml of hydatid cyst sonicated protoscolex antigen. Those in the second group (n=30) were immunized s/c with 0.3 ml of Cysticercus tenuicollis sonicated protscolex antigen. The third group (n=30) was immunized with 0.3 ml of both antigens (0.15 + 0.15), and the fourth group was a control group in which the mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2 ml of phosphate buffer solution. At the end of the experiment (30 days), blood samples were taken from the hearts of mice in all groups after being anesthetized by intramuscular injection of Ketamine 60 mg/kg, and Xylazine 12 mg/kg for the assessment of mouse Interleukin-12, IgG, and tumor necrosis alpha levels. The skin test results 24 hours (day 28) post-immunization showed an increase in the skin thickness against both antigens in the treatments, compared to the control. However, there was a decrease at 48 hours (day 29) post-examination in all groups. The results of TNFα titer showed higher titer in the third group, compared to the first, second, and fourth groups. Interleukin 12 concentration showed a higher titer in the third group than in the first, second, and fourth groups. The IgG concentration showed higher titer in the third group compared to the first, second, and fourth groups. In conclusion, immunopathological studies have shown that Ags used in the study, induce humoral and cellular immunity, compared to each Ag alone, and the mixed antigens were much more immunogenic. This cross-reactivity and synergistic interactions between the two parasites may be the cause of their antigenic activities © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Immunopathological Assessment of Hydatid Cyst and Cysticercus Tenuicollis Sonicated Protoscoilces Antigens in Mice
Basic Principles and Applications of Live Cell Microscopy Techniques: A Review (Text)
Basic Principles and Applications of Live Cell Microscopy Techniques: A Review (Other)
HTML Summary of #786 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Basic Principles and Applications of Live Cell Microscopy Techniques: A Review</epc:when>
Live cell imaging has provided great benefits in studying multiple processes and molecular interactions within and/or between cells. This review aimed to describe the common live cell microscopy techniques and briefly explain their principles and applications. A wide range of microscopic techniques, from conventional transmitted light to an array of fluorescence microscopy techniques, including advanced super-resolution techniques, can be applied for live-cell imaging. Transmitted light microscopy uses focused transmitted light that goes through a condenser to achieve a very high illumination on the specimen. On the other hand, fluorescence microscopy uses reflected light to capture images of cells or molecules that have been fluorescently dyed. Techniques for transmitted light microscopy are simple to use but have poor resolution. Although the resolution of fluorescent microscopy techniques is only approximately 200-300 nm, this is nevertheless an improvement over conventional transmitted methods. Conventional light microscopyâ��s resolution was improved by the introduction of the super-resolution microscopy technology family. These methods â��breakâ�� the diffraction limit, enabling fluorescence imaging with resolutions up to ten times higher than those possible with traditional methods. Each live cell imaging method has advantages and drawbacks. The primary deciding criteria for choosing the type of microscope are the studyâ��s objectives, previous experience, the researcherâ��s interests, and financial viability. Hence, a thorough understanding of the technique and application of the various live-cell microscopy methods is paramount in life science studies. © 2022,World''s Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved.
Basic Principles and Applications of Live Cell Microscopy Techniques: A Review
Antimicrobial Effects of Selenium and Chitosan Nanoparticles on Raw Milk and Kareish Cheese (Text)
Antimicrobial Effects of Selenium and Chitosan Nanoparticles on Raw Milk and Kareish Cheese (Other)
HTML Summary of #785 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Antimicrobial Effects of Selenium and Chitosan Nanoparticles on Raw Milk and Kareish Cheese</epc:when>
The contamination of milk and its dairy products with different microorganisms could cause public health hazards. Antibacterial nanoparticles (NPs) are a novel way to ensure that milk and milk products are safe. The present study investigated the effect of chitosan NPs (CS-NPs) and selenium NPs (Se-NPs) on some microorganisms, which consequently affect raw milk and Kareish cheese. Small-sized nanomaterials of Se-NPs and CS-NPs at the size of approximately 20 nm were used in this study. The samples were 700 ml raw milk and 700g Kareish cheese manufactured from 3000 mg milk. The concentrations of used nanoparticles were 0.5, 1, and 1.5 for Se-NPs and 2.5, 5, and 10 for CS-NPs. They were used to improve the microbial properties of milk and Kareish cheese samples during storage at the refrigerated temperature of 4°C. The aerobic plate count, Enterobacteriaceae count, Staphylococcus count, and mold count were significantly reduced in milk and Kareish cheese samples treated with CS-NPs and Se-NPs. The study has confirmed that CS-NPs and Se-NPs indicated high antimicrobial activity against the studied microorganisms at all concentrations although CS-NPs were more effective than Se-NPs. It can be concluded that these NPs can be used as preservatives in milk and milk products, such as Kareish cheese. In addition, increasing the concentrations of these NPs by 10 for CS-NPS and 1.5 for Se-NPS boosted their effects. © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Antimicrobial Effects of Selenium and Chitosan Nanoparticles on Raw Milk and Kareish Cheese
Secondary school re-entry programme of teenage mothers: views of stakeholders in Zanzibar, Tanzania (Text)
Secondary school re-entry programme of teenage mothers: views of stakeholders in Zanzibar, Tanzania (Other)
HTML Summary of #998 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Secondary school re-entry programme of teenage mothers: views of stakeholders in Zanzibar, Tanzania</epc:when>
Increasing access to education through the re-entry policy for girls after school pregnancy could be seen in terms of bringing about social justice and equity in education, especially in developing countries, and enabling them to realise its benefits. This strong international and philosophical commitment is different from the traditional view of education as preparation for life roles. Therefore, implementing it in the African context might be expected to raise several problems, possibly resulting in a lack of commitment on the ground. The purpose of this study was to assess the views of stakeholders on the re-entry programme of teenage mothers into secondary schools in Unguja Urban-West district, Tanzania. The study used a mixed method approach and convergent mixed methods design. The study used a sample size of 160 participants, including teachers and parents. The findings revealed that stakeholders were sceptical of the success of this policy. Teenage mothers do not have enough time to complete their homework and to study at home because their relatives who take care of the babies want to be free of child chores the moment they are back at home. The babies also want attention from their mothers when they return from school. For effective implementation of school re-entry programme among teenage mother, schools should create an enabling learning environment that accommodates both the needs of teenage mothers and their children.
Secondary school re-entry programme of teenage mothers: views of stakeholders in Zanzibar, Tanzania
Effects of Tannin-containing Supplement on Enteric Methane Emissions, Total Digestible Nutrient, and Average Daily Gain of Local Indonesian Beef Cattle (Text)
Effects of Tannin-containing Supplement on Enteric Methane Emissions, Total Digestible Nutrient, and Average Daily Gain of Local Indonesian Beef Cattle (Other)
HTML Summary of #776 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Tannin-containing Supplement on Enteric Methane Emissions, Total Digestible Nutrient, and Average Daily Gain of Local Indonesian Beef Cattle</epc:when>
Reducing methane (CH4) emissions is one of the most critical goals in ruminant nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of concentrate and tannin supplementation on the mitigation of methane gas in Indonesian local beef cattle. The current study was conducted in vivo using 12 Bali cattle using a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates. Cattle were fed a basal ration with field grass (control), the addition of concentrate 25 dry matter (DM) ration no tannin as well as tannin supplemented in concentrate at levels of 0.12 and 0.18 of DM concentrate. The concentrate contains 7.5 crude protein and 71.25 total digestible nutrients and tannin supplementation using gambir (Uncaria gambir Indonesia) tannin extract. The parameters measured were apparent digestibility, total digestible nutrients, methane production, and average daily gain. The results showed that concentrate addition significantly increased DM consumption, crude protein digestibility, and total digestible nutrients. Supplementation of 0.18 tannin in concentrate can mitigate 49.7 methane gas production resulting in energy efficiency, which was reflected in the weight gain rate of 0.75 kg/day. In conclusion, present results suggest that the supplementation of 0.18 gambier tannin extract in concentrate could be considered a suitable feed additive to mitigate methane gas production and increase the average daily gain of Indonesian local beef cattle © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Tannin-containing Supplement on Enteric Methane Emissions, Total Digestible Nutrient, and Average Daily Gain of Local Indonesian Beef Cattle
Multiple Drug Resistance Salmonella and Antibiotic Residues in Egyptian Animal Products (Text)
Multiple Drug Resistance Salmonella and Antibiotic Residues in Egyptian Animal Products (Other)
HTML Summary of #781 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Multiple Drug Resistance Salmonella and Antibiotic Residues in Egyptian Animal Products</epc:when>
Food of animal origin is considered a primary source of foodborne diseases. The misuse of antibiotics to treat and control many bacterial diseases in farm animals has led to multiple antibiotic-resistant pathogens in contaminated food that can seriously threaten public health. The present study aimed to highlight the impact of antimicrobial misuse in Egyptian beef meat, poultry, and dairy farms on the emergence of multiple antibiotic resistance Salmonella and the detection of antibiotic residues in milk. A total of 1050 samples were collected randomly from poultry (liver, intestinal content, and bone marrow), meat, and milk products from different Egyptian governorates. Salmonellae were isolated from the collected samples and subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity testing through disk diffusion test using the most commonly used seven antibiotics in veterinary fields (cefradine, ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, and streptomycin). The detection of oxytetracycline residue in milk samples was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Most isolated Salmonellae were multiple drug resistant with an incidence rate of 8.6, 15.4, and 4 from poultry, meat-associated products, and milk-associated products, respectively, from different governorates. Antibiogram test showed that the isolated Salmonella from poultry, meat, and milk samples were resistant to oxytetracycline at 100, 31.4, and 43, to amoxicillin at 73.3, 31, and 50, and to ampicillin 66.6, 50, and 57, respectively. No resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected in Salmonella isolates from all samples. Using HPLC, oxytetracycline residues were detected in milk samples. In conclusion, more attention should be paid to the connection between the widespread emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella in Egypt and the overuse of antimicrobials in poultry, dairy, and meat farms. This connection affects consumer health and increases the likelihood of resistance genes spreading between different bacterial species © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Multiple Drug Resistance Salmonella and Antibiotic Residues in Egyptian Animal Products
Deterioration of Frozen Semen of Bali Cattle after Cooling at 5°C (Text)
Deterioration of Frozen Semen of Bali Cattle after Cooling at 5°C (Other)
HTML Summary of #778 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Deterioration of Frozen Semen of Bali Cattle after Cooling at 5°C</epc:when>
Frozen semen is produced through several stages, which deteriorate spermatozoa. This research aimed to evaluate the deterioration degree of frozen semen after 5 °C cooling and freezing of Bali cattle. The samples included 10 male Bali cattle with a body weight of 542-668 kg, from which semen was collected once a week for five weeks. The deterioration of each individualâ��s sperm was determined by observing two distinct straws. The parameters observed included viability, abnormalities, intact plasma membrane, and intact acrosome cap. Initial observations of the parameters were conducted following the addition of semen to diluent A1 (AD) as much as the volume of fresh semen. The semen in the AD group was not cooled and frozen. The A1 semen was then divided into two, namely, those with cooling at 5 °C for 4 hours (PT1) and at 5°C for 22 hours (PT2). The results showed that individual variations in Bali cattle caused significant differences in viability and intact plasma membrane of AD and PT1 groups, while PT2 did not differ in viability and intact plasma membrane spermatozoa. Abnormalities were significantly different between AD and PT2 groups, however PT1 did not differ in abnormalities spermatozoa. Intact acrosomal cap was significantly different in the AD, PT1, and PT2 groups. In conclusion, individual variations, including viability, abnormalities, intact plasma membrane, and acrosome cap of spermatozoa, were better at 4 hours compared to cooling at 5°C for 22 hours. A Cooling time of 4 hours at 5°C can be recommended for frozen semen processing © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Deterioration of Frozen Semen of Bali Cattle after Cooling at 5°C
Pixels and columns: tracing the symbiotic evolution of digital graphics and contemporary architecture (Text)
HTML Summary of #1028 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Pixels and columns: tracing the symbiotic evolution of digital graphics and contemporary architecture</epc:when>
Technological advancements have rewritten the perspective and functionality of all fields, including art and architecture. This paper delves into the evolution of the symbiotic relationship between digital graphics and contemporary architecture, highlighting their profound impact on architectural representation, design processes, and visual communication. By tracing the historical development of digital graphics in architecture, from initial implementations to the transformative effects of Computer-Aided Design (CAD), we examine how digital graphics have reshaped architectural representation techniques, empowering architects to create realistic renders, animations, and virtual reality applications. The integration of digital graphics into architects' design workflows, especially through parametric design and algorithmic tools, enables the realization of dynamic, responsive architectural forms. Through case studies of iconic structures, the pivotal role of digital graphics in shaping architectural projects is demonstrated. Furthermore, we explore the influence of architectural aesthetics on digital graphics in various industries, such as video games and advertising, emphasizing the importance of ethical considerations in the responsible representation and marketing of architecture. Looking to the future, upcoming technological advancements, including augmented and virtual reality, real-time rendering, and generative design, are predicted to steer architectural innovation and redefine the future of digital design. The seamless interplay between pixels and columns will continue to inspire architects to create innovative, sustainable, and visually striking architectural experiences for future generations.
Pixels and columns: tracing the symbiotic evolution of digital graphics and contemporary architecture
THE ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF BOVINE EMBRYOS PRODUCED IN VITRO (Text)
THE ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF BOVINE EMBRYOS PRODUCED IN VITRO (Other)
HTML Summary of #738 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">THE ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF BOVINE EMBRYOS PRODUCED IN VITRO</epc:when>
Antioxidants are molecular compounds that can give their electron structure to free radical molecules without disturbing them and can break the chain of free radical compounds. Antioxidants that can be used include enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Supplementation of antioxidants into maturation mediums or cultures with the right concentration can efficiently improves oocyte maturation, cell division, and embryo quality in bovine. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant supplementation of the maturation medium increase the number of oocytes that reach metaphase II (MII). Furthermore, the supplementation of both antioxidants in maturation and culture mediums are also able to increase cell division and embryo that reaches blastocyst. Non-enzymatic antioxidant supplementation is more effective than enzymatic antioxidants in improving the maturation and division of cells in the production of bovine embryos in vitro. In conclusion, non-enzymatic antioxidant supplementation is more effective in supporting embryonic development in vitro. © 2022,Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
THE ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF BOVINE EMBRYOS PRODUCED IN VITRO
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE TRAITS CHARACTERISATION OF INDIGENOUS CHICKENS IN SOUTHERN AFRICAN COUNTRIES (Text)
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE TRAITS CHARACTERISATION OF INDIGENOUS CHICKENS IN SOUTHERN AFRICAN COUNTRIES (Other)
HTML Summary of #739 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE TRAITS CHARACTERISATION OF INDIGENOUS CHICKENS IN SOUTHERN AFRICAN COUNTRIES</epc:when>
Indigenous poultry production is important to human lives as they alleviate poverty by providing an affordable source of animal proteins. Besides, it serves as the easiest source of income for rural farmers in developing countries. The current review was conducted to evaluate the research findings of indigenous chickens’ quantitative and qualitative traits characterisations in Southern African countries. Quantitative and qualitative traits characterisation is the first step for genetic improvement in livestock. The documents used in the review were attained from different search engines, most of which were published lately (after 2010). Potchefstroom Koekoek, Venda, Naked Neck, Ovambo, Boschveld and Tswana indigenous chicken breeds in the Southern African countries were characterised. The studies suggest that there are variations in quantitative traits including live weight, egg weight, wing length, comb length and shank length and qualitative traits including feather color, comb type, comb color and eggshell color of indigenous chickens of Southern African countries. The single red comb types and red wattles were observed in most indigenous chicken breeds in Southern African countries. The present review concludes that the characterisation of quantitative and qualitative traits assists greatly in the differentiation and identification of indigenous chicken breeds. © 2022,Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE TRAITS CHARACTERISATION OF INDIGENOUS CHICKENS IN SOUTHERN AFRICAN COUNTRIES
ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF RAW CAMEL MILK IN THE SOMALI REGIONAL STATE OF ETHIOPIA (Text)
ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF RAW CAMEL MILK IN THE SOMALI REGIONAL STATE OF ETHIOPIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #879 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF RAW CAMEL MILK IN THE SOMALI REGIONAL STATE OF ETHIOPIA</epc:when>
The objective of this study was to determine the physical and microbial quality of raw camel milk along the milk market chain a total of forty-two raw milk samples were taken from milk producers (21 samples) and milk collection centers (21 samples). Each sample was analyzed for physical and microbial quality including temperature, pH, titratable acidity, specific gravity, and clot on boiling, the overall mean and standard deviation values were 27.93 oC, 6.29, 1.030 g/cm3, 0.95, and 88.1 respectively. Microbial quality and safety attributes that include total bacteria count, coliform count, and yeast and mold counts were analyzed. The overall mean log10 counts per ml and standard deviation values for each total bacterial count, coliform count, and microbial analysis were 7.48 log10 CFU/ml, 5.85 log10 CFU/ml, and 4.78 log10 cfu/ml, respectively. The total bacterial count, coliform count, yeast, and mold counts were calculated and show that the milk collection center samples were significantly higher than milk samples obtained from household producers. This study indicated that the quality of camel milk in the study area had low quality and this could cause public risks through the consumption of raw camel milk produced and sold under the present production and handling conditions along the chain. Thus, these calls for strict hygienic measures to improve the quality and safety of camel milk produced and marketed in the study area. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF RAW CAMEL MILK IN THE SOMALI REGIONAL STATE OF ETHIOPIA
MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBIT RAISED AT DIFFERENT AREAS (Text)
MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBIT RAISED AT DIFFERENT AREAS (Other)
HTML Summary of #737 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBIT RAISED AT DIFFERENT AREAS</epc:when>
The study aimed to morphometric characterization the New Zealand White (NZW) doe at three different areas. The materials used were 295 heads of NZW doe rabbits from 29 farms located at different areas. Twelve morphometric characteristics consist of body weight, eight body measurements, and three-body indices. Data analysis was performed by Mixed model, Pearson’s correlation, Principal component, and Canonical discriminant procedures. The most of parameters showed significant differences among areas. The heaviest body weight (4.71 kg) was observed in low-land and the lightest in medium land (3.54 kg). Most of the morphometric characters showed positive correlations with each other. Results of principal component show that the body indices of NZW doe raised in three different areas were similar. Canonical discriminant analysis showed that low-land was more favorable than high-land and medium land. In conclusion, The variation in size difference for morphometric characters of female New Zealand white rabbit could be explained by body index and thoracic index. The morphometric characteristics of New Zealand white doe raised in low-land area were superior to those raised in high-land and medium land areas. © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBIT RAISED AT DIFFERENT AREAS
THE POTENTIAL OF SEED GERMINATION INHIBITION TEST FOR EARLY PREGNANCY DETECTION AND IMPROVED REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF CATTLE IN ZAMBIA (Text)
THE POTENTIAL OF SEED GERMINATION INHIBITION TEST FOR EARLY PREGNANCY DETECTION AND IMPROVED REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF CATTLE IN ZAMBIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #740 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">THE POTENTIAL OF SEED GERMINATION INHIBITION TEST FOR EARLY PREGNANCY DETECTION AND IMPROVED REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF CATTLE IN ZAMBIA</epc:when>
Early pregnancy diagnosis is an important management practice for reducing calving interval, increasing cattle reproductive efficiency, and the overall herd productivity. This study was undertaken to assess the viability of seed germination inhibition technique (Punyakoti test) for early pregnancy detection in cattle under the tropical rearing conditions. Twenty-four randomly selected cows were used for the experiment. Urine samples were collected and subjected to Punyakoti test, using maize seeds, within 6 hours of collection. Descriptive statistics employing means and standard error were used to analyse data, also, inferential statistics including analysis of variance and t-tests were employed to ascertain differences between the variables under study. Urine from pregnant cows had the highest (80.03±3.99) inhibitory effect while the distilled water group had the least (7.50±3.81) mean seed germination inhibition. The means of germinated maize seeds in pregnant and non-pregnant cow urine treatment groups were significantly different. The means of germinated maize seeds in unstripped and stripped pregnant cow urine were significantly different, while the mean shoot length values for the same treatments were not significantly different. Urine from 42 days’ pregnant cows had the highest germination inhibition (80.21±3.59) while the least (25.00±4.35) was observed on day 10. The Punyakoti test reliably detected pregnancy starting from 26 days after insemination. In conclusion, this technique can be used for detecting pregnancy as early 26 days after insemination. The potential role of steroids and involvement of abscisic acid (ABA) in seed germination inhibition requires further investigation. © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
THE POTENTIAL OF SEED GERMINATION INHIBITION TEST FOR EARLY PREGNANCY DETECTION AND IMPROVED REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF CATTLE IN ZAMBIA
EFFECTS OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF TURMERIC AND BLACK CUMIN POWDER ON PERFORMANCE AND BLOOD PARAMETERS OF NATIVE CHICKENS (Text)
EFFECTS OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF TURMERIC AND BLACK CUMIN POWDER ON PERFORMANCE AND BLOOD PARAMETERS OF NATIVE CHICKENS (Other)
HTML Summary of #741 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECTS OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF TURMERIC AND BLACK CUMIN POWDER ON PERFORMANCE AND BLOOD PARAMETERS OF NATIVE CHICKENS</epc:when>
This study was conducted to determine the effect of supplementation of a mixture of turmeric and black cumin powder on the production performance, blood parameters, and quality of native chicken eggs. Ninety-six female native chickens aged 17 weeks were randomly allocated in a completely randomized design into four treatments. The four treatments were differentiated based on the level of supplementation of a mixture of turmeric (TP) and black cumin powder (BCP), namely T0: Control (without a mixture of TP and BCP); T1: (2.5 g TP + 2.5 g BCP)/kg ration; T2: (5 g TP + 5 g BCP)/kg ration and T3: (7.5 g TP + 7.5 g BCP)/kg ration. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, using 8 native chickens. The variables measured were blood parameters including Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, total red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), blood cholesterol and triglycerides; and also, the performance variables of feed consumption, egg production (HDA), body weight at 34 weeks, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion, yolk weight, shell weight, shell thickness, yolk color index, cholesterol, LDL and HDL of yolks. The Data were collected for 16 weeks and analyzed by variance analysis. The results showed that supplementation with a mixture of TP and BCP increased feed consumption; HDA; body weight; egg mass; shell weight, thickness, and yolk color (P<0.05). Egg weight and yolk weight were not significantly different. TP + BCP supplementation significantly reduced feed conversion, cholesterol level, HDL, and LDL. Increased TBCP supplementation increased Hb, hematocrit, red blood cells and white blood cells and significantly decreased cholesterol, lipoproteins, and triglycerides in the blood (P<0.05). It was concluded that TBCP mixture supplementation could improve production performance, some of blood parameters, and quality of native chicken eggs. © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
EFFECTS OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF TURMERIC AND BLACK CUMIN POWDER ON PERFORMANCE AND BLOOD PARAMETERS OF NATIVE CHICKENS
UNDERSTANDING LIPID QUALITY VARIABILITY IN ASIA PACIFIC THROUGH COMPREHENSIVE LIPID EVALUATION TESTS (Text)
UNDERSTANDING LIPID QUALITY VARIABILITY IN ASIA PACIFIC THROUGH COMPREHENSIVE LIPID EVALUATION TESTS (Other)
HTML Summary of #880 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">UNDERSTANDING LIPID QUALITY VARIABILITY IN ASIA PACIFIC THROUGH COMPREHENSIVE LIPID EVALUATION TESTS</epc:when>
The objective of this study was to investigate the variability in the oxidative quality and nutritional values of different lipid samples collected across Asia-Pacific region. The oxidative quality was evaluated through the peroxide value (PV) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, while the free fatty acid (FFA) content and degree of fatty acid saturation (U/S ratio) were two essential parameters used to understand the nutritional values or metabolizable energy (ME) values of lipid samples. A total of 1221 lipid samples were collected and analyzed over a period of 10 years. The study showed high variability in oxidative quality between the lipid samples. Due to higher unsaturated fatty acid composition, the oxidative quality for most of the fish oil and soybean oil was at a less favorable range compared to rice bran oil, crude palm oil, and refined palm oil. The standard deviation of free fatty acids (FFA) content of soybean oil and refined palm oil was smaller compared to tallow, rice bran oil, crude palm oil, and fish oil. Fish oil and soybean oil had a higher standard deviation in U/S ratio. Variations in the FFA content and U/S ratio contributed to fluctuation in ME values. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
UNDERSTANDING LIPID QUALITY VARIABILITY IN ASIA PACIFIC THROUGH COMPREHENSIVE LIPID EVALUATION TESTS
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF Pentas schimperiana AS LIVESTOCK FEED AND POTENTIAL PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT (Text)
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF Pentas schimperiana AS LIVESTOCK FEED AND POTENTIAL PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT (Other)
HTML Summary of #735 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF Pentas schimperiana AS LIVESTOCK FEED AND POTENTIAL PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT</epc:when>
Pentas schimperiana is locally available and dominantly used as a dairy cattle feed in the Dawuro zone's Maraka district, Ethiopia. There is some information about its utilization practice, however, data on its nutritional benefit is limited. This research aimed to examine the chemical content and digestibility of P. schimperiana for use as cattle feed during the dry season. For this study, a 2×2 factorial design with two agro-ecologies (midland and highland) and two seasons (wet and dry) was used for this study. P. schimperiana leaves, twigs and stems were gathered and processed for laboratory analysis from two agro-ecologies and two seasons. The chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and in sacco degradability of the samples were determined after incubation at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Effective degradability (ED) and Potential degradation (PD) were computed. The collected data were subjected to an Analysis of Variance and the means that had significant deference, the mean separation was performed by Tukey with alpha level of 0.05. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) (87.41) and crude protein (CP) (17.39) were significantly higher in highland. Digestible crude protein (DCP) was significantly larger in dry than in the wet season with the content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) decreased. During the wet season, potential degradability (PD) and effective degradability (ED) of DM were highest in the highland with a decrease in leg time, which was related to the low content of ADF, ADL, NDF, tannin, and high CP in vegetative stages of P. schimperiana. The result indicates that P. schimperiana might be used as supplementary feeds to enhance utilization of low-quality feed resources and improve the performance of ruminants during the dry season when feed is scarce. © 2022,Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF Pentas schimperiana AS LIVESTOCK FEED AND POTENTIAL PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT
EFFECT OF FEEDING SAGE MEAL TO WEANED AWASSI MALE LAMBS ON BODY PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY (Text)
EFFECT OF FEEDING SAGE MEAL TO WEANED AWASSI MALE LAMBS ON BODY PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY (Other)
HTML Summary of #713 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF FEEDING SAGE MEAL TO WEANED AWASSI MALE LAMBS ON BODY PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY</epc:when>
An experiment was conducted for 8 weeks on 15 Awassi lambs using sage dry meal. Animals were randomly allocated into 3 groups: control group meal (CGM: 0 sage; Salvia officinalis), experimental group meal 1 (EGM1: 1 sage) and experimental group meal 3 (EGM3: 3 sage) by 5 heads. Feed intake at the 8th week increased proportionally with live body weight (LBW). Cumulative live body weight gain increased slightly more in EGM3 after the 5th week to attain 10.7 Kg at 8th week. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was most effective and attained 3.83 ± 0.97 in EGM3 vs 4.14 ± 0.53 and 4.15 ± 0.64 in CGM and EGM1, respectively. After cooling, luminance ranged between 45.41 ± 2.97 in CGM and 47.28 ± 5.63 in EGM1 whereas in EGM3 it was 47.28 ± 5.63. Redness, a*, after cooling was lowest in EGM3 (20.15 ± 3.29) followed by CGM (22.61 ± 3.41) and EGM1 (24.97 ± 1.24). Yellowness b* after 1 month of freezing is positively correlated with the achieved results after 24 h of cooling. The least losses in water after cooling was in EGM3 attaining 11.39 ± 2.39. Meat of CGM loses more water after cooking (30.30 ± 6.52) than other groups. Furthermore, after 24 hours of cooling, the most tender meat was in EGM1 (4.87 ± 0.44mm) in comparison to CGM (3.3 ± 0.64mm), whereas EGM3 occupied the 1st place in cooked meat tenderness after 1 month of freezing (5.4 ± 0.8mm). It is concluded and recommended to use rations containing sage meal in the daily feeding of Awassi sheep © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research.All Rights Reserved.
EFFECT OF FEEDING SAGE MEAL TO WEANED AWASSI MALE LAMBS ON BODY PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY
TRENDS ESTIMATION IN ANNUAL NUMBERS OF MERINO SHEEP AND WOOL PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AFRICA, FROM 1980 TO 2017 (Text)
TRENDS ESTIMATION IN ANNUAL NUMBERS OF MERINO SHEEP AND WOOL PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AFRICA, FROM 1980 TO 2017 (Other)
HTML Summary of #718 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">TRENDS ESTIMATION IN ANNUAL NUMBERS OF MERINO SHEEP AND WOOL PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AFRICA, FROM 1980 TO 2017</epc:when>
The economic important value of wool in South Africa is influenced by many characteristics that meet processor capacities and consumersâ�� preference. The study was conducted to characterize the trends of annual Merino sheep numbers, wool sales and wool auction price in South Africa, from 1980 to 2017. The data from year 1980 to 2017 was retrieved from the abstract of agricultural statistics which was published by the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (DLRRD) in 2020 was used. Trends were analysed using the differences and percentage change between numbers of years in each independent variable (annual number of Merino sheep, wool sales and wool auction price). The findings indicated that there was a trend in annual number of Merino sheep, wool sales and wool auction prices. In annual numbers of Merino sheep, the highest decrease was observed from 1992 to 1993 (-1878) by 11.2 percent () while the huge increase was observed from 1999 to 2000 (+1177) by 10.6. In wool sales, the findings showed that there was an increase (+5.4) from 1980 to 1982 with 7.7 while there was a decrease (-4.7) from 1982 to 1983 by 6.2. In wool auction price, the highest increase was observed from 1986 to 1987 (+250903) by 77.2. Regression findings indicated that all the predicted regression models were statistically significant at P < 0.01. However, the results suggest that quadratic (R2 = 90) was the best fit model to predict the relationship between number of years and annual Merino sheep numbers. This study suggests that there was a trend in annual numbers of Merino sheep, wool sales and wool auction prices in South Africa from 1980 and 2017. Moreover, this study might help Merino sheep farmers to recognise the trends that might be helpful in planning for annual wool productions © 2022,Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
TRENDS ESTIMATION IN ANNUAL NUMBERS OF MERINO SHEEP AND WOOL PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AFRICA, FROM 1980 TO 2017
CONNECTION BETWEEN GENE MARKERS WITH MILK PRODUCTION TRAITS OF UKRAINIAN DAIRY COWS (Text)
CONNECTION BETWEEN GENE MARKERS WITH MILK PRODUCTION TRAITS OF UKRAINIAN DAIRY COWS (Other)
HTML Summary of #715 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">CONNECTION BETWEEN GENE MARKERS WITH MILK PRODUCTION TRAITS OF UKRAINIAN DAIRY COWS</epc:when>
The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the genotyping of cows of Ukrainian dairy breeds for the presented loci capa-casein gene (CSN3), thyroglobulin (TG-5) gene, leptin (LEP), pituitary-specific transcription factor (Pit-1), and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and to test their association with milk production. The influence of the genotype on milk yield, fat and protein content in the milk of cows of Ukrainian selection has been established. The highest levels of milk productivity traits were expected from animals with the CT genotype for the LEP gene, AA for the CSN3 gene, CC for the TG5 gene, and AA and BB for the Pit-1 gene. But at the same time, milk obtained from cows with CSN3 BB genotype were characterized by the best cheese suitability. The effect of the homo or heterozygous state of BLG on the signs of milk production was less noticeable, and the homozygous TT genotype for the TG5 gene was not found in any of the studied breeds. The results obtained can be used in the practical work of breeding farms along with traditional methods of selection, control and preservation of the genetic diversity of specific herds at an optimal level © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research.All Rights Reserved.
CONNECTION BETWEEN GENE MARKERS WITH MILK PRODUCTION TRAITS OF UKRAINIAN DAIRY COWS
BULL SPERM AND SEMINAL PLASMA PROTEINS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH FERTILITY: A REVIEW (Text)
BULL SPERM AND SEMINAL PLASMA PROTEINS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH FERTILITY: A REVIEW (Other)
HTML Summary of #714 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">BULL SPERM AND SEMINAL PLASMA PROTEINS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH FERTILITY: A REVIEW</epc:when>
The efficiency of artificial insemination (AI) is greatly influenced by the quality of semen. Spermatozoa and seminal plasma are found in semen, which play a role in the reproductive process and its ability to fertilize an egg and maintain the development of an embryo. Various factors will determine the fertility capacity of a sperm, both from the intrinsic factors of the sperm and the plasma component of the semen. Seminal plasma proteins are crucial for maintaining the stability of the membrane, viability, motility of spermatozoa, acrosome reactions, maintaining osmotic pressure and helping the fertilization process. Good quality semen will support the fertilization process. The purpose of this scoping review is to increase our understanding of protein from sperm and seminal plasma of bulls and their relationship with fertility. The sperm proteins that were significantly correlated with fertility were Outer Dense Fiber protein 2 (ODF2), Protamine (PRM), Testis specific histine 2B (TH2B), Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein (PEBP4), and Ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex core protein 2 (UQCRSC2). Meanwhile, the seminal plasma proteins positively correlated with fertility were Osteopontin (OPN), Phospholipasea 2 (PLA2), P25b, Acidic seminal fluid proteins (aSFP), Alpha-L-fucosidase (a-L-fucosidase), and Binder of sperm (BSPs) © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research.All Rights Reserved.
BULL SPERM AND SEMINAL PLASMA PROTEINS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH FERTILITY: A REVIEW
EFFECT OF STRAIN AND AGE OF LAYER CHICKENS ON PROXIMATE CONTENTS OF EGG YOLK AND ALBUMEN (Text)
EFFECT OF STRAIN AND AGE OF LAYER CHICKENS ON PROXIMATE CONTENTS OF EGG YOLK AND ALBUMEN (Other)
HTML Summary of #716 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF STRAIN AND AGE OF LAYER CHICKENS ON PROXIMATE CONTENTS OF EGG YOLK AND ALBUMEN</epc:when>
This research assessed the effects of strain and age on the proximate compositions of egg yolk and albumen of the domestic chicken. A total of 504 eggs were used in a 3 X 3 factorial experiment involving the Lohmann white, Lohmann brown and White Leghorn which were 31, 40 and 53 weeks old using a completely randomised design (CRD). Data obtained were subjected to the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the general linear model (GLM) procedure. Differences in means were separated using the Tukey pairwise comparisons method at 5 level of significance. The results show that, eggs from the Lohmann layers have significantly more protein but lower fat content in the yolk than the White leghorn; while albumen protein was slightly higher in the White leghorn with lower albumen fat in the white strains than the Lohmann brown. Protein content of egg yolk significantly increased as the birds advanced in age but albumen protein was not affected largely by layersâ�� age. Yolk fat significantly decreased as the birds grew but albumen fat was not substantially affected by age of the hens. There was significant effect of strain by age interaction on yolk and albumen protein contents but not on their fat content across the chicken groups. There are variations in the proximate contents of egg yolk and albumen of layer chickens by virtue of their genetic constitution and ages; so, eggs must be produced from the best strains at the appropriate hen-ages to make their nutrient contents meet the needs of specific consumers and products © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research.All Rights Reserved.
EFFECT OF STRAIN AND AGE OF LAYER CHICKENS ON PROXIMATE CONTENTS OF EGG YOLK AND ALBUMEN
ADOPTING BIOSECURITY MEASURES IN CATTLE BREEDING SYSTEMS IN INDONESIA (Text)
ADOPTING BIOSECURITY MEASURES IN CATTLE BREEDING SYSTEMS IN INDONESIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #717 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">ADOPTING BIOSECURITY MEASURES IN CATTLE BREEDING SYSTEMS IN INDONESIA</epc:when>
The study aimed to analyze the barriers to implementing biosecurity measures. Biosecurity refers to a collection of procedures designed to keep disease from spreading beyond the farm. Isolation, sanitation, and cage traffic control are all biosecurity strategies. At 2021, this study was carried out in Selli village, Bengo subdistrict, Bone regency, South Sulawesi province. Bone Regency is noted for being the largest livestock supplier in the province of South Sulawesi. A total of 35 people were chosen to be observed and questioned with the help of a questionnaire. The information gathered was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed that only 2.86 percent and 28.57 percent of respondents used quarantine or provided fences or barriers as isolation or segregation methods. Farm visitors were not provided with sanitary facilities. Everyone entering or exiting the cage was not subject to traffic control. The absence of information was the first roadblock to biosecurity adoption (65.71 percent). Then came a lack of time (31.43 percent) and a hefty price (2.86 percent). Therefore, training and extension should be provided by the Animal Hsubandary Services and Private Sectors © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research.All Rights Reserved.
ADOPTING BIOSECURITY MEASURES IN CATTLE BREEDING SYSTEMS IN INDONESIA
VALUE-ADDED ANALYSIS OF THE MEAT AGROINDUSTRY IN INDONESIA (Text)
VALUE-ADDED ANALYSIS OF THE MEAT AGROINDUSTRY IN INDONESIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #720 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">VALUE-ADDED ANALYSIS OF THE MEAT AGROINDUSTRY IN INDONESIA</epc:when>
This study analyzes the added value of processing fresh beef into beef jerky, shredded beef, and se'i (smoked beef) products in Kefamenanu. The research was conducted in February and March 2021. The research method used was the survey method. Data was collected from cattle slaughterers (butchers) in abattoirs (n = 7), meat retailers (n = 13), and MSMEs in the meat processing industry (n = 15) and consumers (n = 90). The sample was selected through a purposive sampling method, with the criteria for selecting a sample of MSMEs in the processing industry as follows: 1) entrepreneurs have beef jerky, shredded beef, and se'i (smoked beef); 2) entrepreneurs who have sold their products in the past year and their three products are circulating in the market; 3) entrepreneurs produce these three products sustainably. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the added values of beef jerky, shredded, and se'i (smoked beef) products were calculated using the Hayami method. The results showed that each processing of one kilogram of fresh beef could produce 0.70 kg (shredded), 0.73 kg (jerky), and 0.68 kg (se'i). The added value obtained is USD 3,56 for shredded products, USD 4,03 for jerky products, and USD 2,91 for se'i products. The profit from shredded beef is USD 3,34, with beef jerky of USD 3,80 and se'i (smoked beef) of USD 2,64. © 2022,Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
VALUE-ADDED ANALYSIS OF THE MEAT AGROINDUSTRY IN INDONESIA
CURRENT ATTITUDES AND SELF-RATED ABILITIES TOWARD PAIN ASSESSMENT OF HORSE OWNERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (Text)
CURRENT ATTITUDES AND SELF-RATED ABILITIES TOWARD PAIN ASSESSMENT OF HORSE OWNERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (Other)
HTML Summary of #721 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">CURRENT ATTITUDES AND SELF-RATED ABILITIES TOWARD PAIN ASSESSMENT OF HORSE OWNERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA</epc:when>
Over the past decades, recognised importance of prompt and valid pain recognition and quantification in veterinary medicine significantly increased interest in investigating attitudes and self-rated abilities of veterinarians towards pain assessment. However, giving that the owners are the ones who decide when to call the veterinarian, it is also essential to investigate their attitudes and knowledge regarding pain recognition and management. This is the first research investigating horse ownersâ�� attitudes and self-rated abilities towards pain assessment and management in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The participants were invited via email or social media with attached link to online questionnaire created using the Google Forms platform. Surveyed population included adult sport or pleasure horse owners, and horse caretakers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Study response rate was 33.33 (40 respondents). The questionnaire consisted of sections asking about respondentsâ�� demographic data, general pain assessment and management, and attitudes towards pain assessment done by veterinarians compared with theirs. Study respondents considered their abilities for pain recognition and quantification as sufficient and sufficient/moderate, even though most of them were unfamiliar with pain scales, and only negligible number use them. This study indicates the need and importance of owners' education concerning pain recognition and quantification in horses, and their more effective communication with veterinarians. © 2022,Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
CURRENT ATTITUDES AND SELF-RATED ABILITIES TOWARD PAIN ASSESSMENT OF HORSE OWNERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
PROFITABILITY OF DIETS, NUTRITIVE VALUE, PERFORMANCE AND CECAL ACTIVITY OF GROWING RABBITS FED BEAN VEIN HAY (Text)
PROFITABILITY OF DIETS, NUTRITIVE VALUE, PERFORMANCE AND CECAL ACTIVITY OF GROWING RABBITS FED BEAN VEIN HAY (Other)
HTML Summary of #719 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PROFITABILITY OF DIETS, NUTRITIVE VALUE, PERFORMANCE AND CECAL ACTIVITY OF GROWING RABBITS FED BEAN VEIN HAY</epc:when>
A feeding trail was conducted to study effect of bean viens hay (BVH) on the growing rabbitâ��s performance, nutritive value and cecum activity and economic return of experimental diets that. Seventy two New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits (6 week of age) were divided into 6 groups and were fed 6 experimental diets inclusion BVH and Galzym® enzyme contains cellulase, xylanase, lipase, amylase, protease, pectinase, arabinase, phytase, α-galactosidase, and β-glucosidase additives. Group 1 fed negative control (basal diet without both BVH and Galzym®) and group 2 fed positive control diets (basal diet without BVH and with Galzym®). The 3rd and 4th groups fed 25 BVH substitution of clover hay without Galzym® (T3) and with Galzym® (T4). The 5th and 6th groupâ��s rabbits fed 50 BVH substitution of clover hay without Galzym® (T5) and with Galzym® (T6). The crude fiber, NDF, ADF, ADL and cellulose were higher in BVH than those in clover hay while, CP and digestible energy (Kcal/kg) were lower in BVH than those in clover hay. Results of interaction between BVH and Galzym® additives (treatment effect) had significant (P<0.05) effect on rabbits productive performance, all nutrients digestibility except EE and DCP, blood biochemical (TP, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, cholesterol, ALT, and urea), and cecum activity (TVFAâ��s and NH3). Moreover, main effect of BVH was significantly (P<0.05) improved of rabbits productive performance, nutrients digestibility (DM, OM, CP, CF, and NFE), blood constituents (TP, albumin, globulin, and ALT), and TVFAâ��s in cecum. Enzyme main effect decreased (P<0.05) FI and formation of NH3 in rabbitâ��s cecum. In conclusion, the dietary BVH improved the productive performance of growing rabbits without negative effect on health status. Enzyme addition increases the BVH utilization and diets profitability © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research.All Rights Reserved.
PROFITABILITY OF DIETS, NUTRITIVE VALUE, PERFORMANCE AND CECAL ACTIVITY OF GROWING RABBITS FED BEAN VEIN HAY
Impact of Colchicine on Histology of Testis in Rats (Text)
Impact of Colchicine on Histology of Testis in Rats (Other)
HTML Summary of #660 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Impact of Colchicine on Histology of Testis in Rats</epc:when>
Colchicine is a drug widely used for the management of many disorders, such as acute gout and Behçet’s disease. It is also prescribed for the treatment of pericarditis, atrial fibrillation coronary artery diseases, and secondary amyloidosis. In case this drug is used at the early stages of coronavirus infection, its anti-inflammatory properties may reduce the severe inflammatory reactions related to a cytokine storm by affecting the inflammasome. The purpose of the present study was to determine the toxicity of Colchicine on testis in rats from different age groups for 10 days. A total of 27 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. The rats in group I (control group) were administered distilled water by oral gavage. Group II consisted of young rats (5-6 months old) who orally received Colchicine 3 mg/kg body weight. Group III entailed rats of 14-16 months who were orally administered colchicine 3 mg/kg body weight. The testis of the treated groups was dissected and examined for histological changes and morphometrical analysis. The obtained results indicated that high doses of Colchicine (3 mg/kg body weight) could induce tissue damage to the testis, including degeneration and necrosis of both Sertoli and Leydig cells with irregular divisions of germinal epithelium, even when it was used for short periods (10 days). In the elderly treated rats, there were severe tissue damages, including degeneration and necrosis of germinal epithelium with irregular divisions of germ cells, necrosis of Sertoli and Leydig cells with sloughing of germinal epithelium toward the lumen of the tubule. Therefore, there is a need to conduct more studies to investigate the side effect of Colchicine as it is excessively used in the management of coronavirus. © Nikkhah A and Alimirzaei M (2022). Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention. World Vet. J., 12 (3): 230-236. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj29
Impact of Colchicine on Histology of Testis in Rats
Perceptions of secondary English teachers towards modular learning modality (Text)
Perceptions of secondary English teachers towards modular learning modality (Other)
HTML Summary of #995 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Perceptions of secondary English teachers towards modular learning modality</epc:when>
The present study aimed to have an in-depth phenomenological understanding of the various perceptions of the non-randomly selected five secondary English teachers in a public school in Paracale, Camarines Norte, Philippines towards the Modular Learning Modality being implemented by the Department of Education in terms of the following parameters; 1) demographic profile of the participants in terms of age, sex and location of residence; 2) the various perceptions of the participants based on their daily experiences as secondary English teachers towards the Modular Learning Modality in terms of school materials and devices navigation concerns and issues, financial aspect, and communicating with the learners and learner’s parents and; 3.) practical recommendations by the participants to the learners, parents and school administrators in order to (if not to) lessen negative perceptions (difficulties) but to also improve the system implementation of Modular Learning Modality. This study done by doing a face to face interview method (considering strict health protocols) with the participants in the data collection procedure. Thematic analysis approach specifically coding of themes was done to filter and have an in-depth understanding of the different perceptions of the participants towards MLD in a public school in Paracale, Camarines Norte. Results revealed that most of the participants perceived that the MLD is difficult in terms of materials and devices navigation concerns and issues especially when the materials and devices needed for huge volume reproduction of modules for a large number of learners are insufficient and unstable. The participants also perceived that there are challenges in the financial aspect, communicating with both parents and learners when distributing, retrieving and checking the modules, learners have low comprehension levels, have no (available) communication devices such as mobile phones (at least), internet connectivity and too far home location. The participants recommended that material supplies and devices must be made available on time, conduct face to face session with less than the usual number of students in class for a short span of time daily or at least weekly. There should be para-teachers assigned to remote and far-flung areas to assist the low-performing students and students who do not have access to adult’s assistance. Povide Filipino or Tagalog translations for the instructions in the modules especially for materials written in English, and consider risograph in reproducing modules.
Perceptions of secondary English teachers towards modular learning modality
BV Practical Theology
Improving Bacterial, Oxidative, and Sensory Quality of Meat Steaks Using Cumin, Garlic, and Thyme Essential Oils (Text)
Improving Bacterial, Oxidative, and Sensory Quality of Meat Steaks Using Cumin, Garlic, and Thyme Essential Oils (Other)
HTML Summary of #661 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Improving Bacterial, Oxidative, and Sensory Quality of Meat Steaks Using Cumin, Garlic, and Thyme Essential Oils</epc:when>
The meat industry increasingly considers meat shelf life as a critical problem. Some essential oils contain antibacterial and antioxidant characteristics that help to keep meat safe. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the preservation benefits, including antibacterial and antioxidant properties, of cumin, garlic, and thyme essential oils at 1 on chilled beef meat steaks, as well as their effects on pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and related sensory aspects (color, odor, appearance, consistency, and overall acceptability). The results of the current study showed that pretreating beef meat steaks with EOs of cumin, garlic, and thyme at a concentration of 1 effectively reduced levels of APC, coliform count, staph aureus count, TVBN, and TBA while extending shelf life to 12, 15, and 18 days when stored at 4°C. In terms of antibacterial and antioxidant properties, shelf life, and sensory quality on beef meat steaks, the thyme essential oil group outperformed cumin and garlic essential oils. The current study introduced an effective natural preservative alternative that could replace undesirable synthetic substances in the future while also lowering antibiotic resistance © Nikkhah A and Alimirzaei M (2022). Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention. World Vet. J., 12 (3): 230-236. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj29
Improving Bacterial, Oxidative, and Sensory Quality of Meat Steaks Using Cumin, Garlic, and Thyme Essential Oils
Phytochemical and Antibacterial Effects of Leaf Extract from Mangrove Plant (Avicennia Marina) on Vibrio Parahaemolyticus in Shrimps (Text)
Phytochemical and Antibacterial Effects of Leaf Extract from Mangrove Plant (Avicennia Marina) on Vibrio Parahaemolyticus in Shrimps (Other)
HTML Summary of #722 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Phytochemical and Antibacterial Effects of Leaf Extract from Mangrove Plant (Avicennia Marina) on Vibrio Parahaemolyticus in Shrimps</epc:when>
Recently, there has been a tremendous increase in the studies addressing the application of bioactive compounds from the natural ecosystem, particularly for medical purposes. Hence, the present study investigated the antibacterial properties of the secondary metabolites possibly contained in the leaves of Avicennia marina (A. marina) for possible prevention of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus), a devastating bacterial pathogen in shrimp aquaculture. In the current study, secondary metabolites were extracted from the leaves of mangrove plant using ethanol extraction method. The ethanolic extracts were then subjected to phytochemical and antibacterial activity tests. The results from the phytochemical analysis demonstrated that the ethanolic extract from the mangrove plant contained varying amounts of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, polyphenols, alkaloids, steroids, and triterpenoids. However, the number of flavonoids and alkaloids seemed to be higher than the other metabolites. The antibacterial activity analysis through the agar diffusion method has shown that different concentrations (50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm) of the ethanolic extract of A. marina inhibited the V. parahaemolyticus. At 300 ppm, the plant extract exhibited 17.3 antibacterial effectiveness, compared to the antibacterial activity of chloramphenicol. The findings indicated that the secondary metabolites of A. marina have the potential that can be developed as an alternative treatment for aquatic animal diseases in the future. © Nikkhah A and Alimirzaei M (2022). Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention. World Vet. J., 12 (3): 230-236. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj29
Phytochemical and Antibacterial Effects of Leaf Extract from Mangrove Plant (Avicennia Marina) on Vibrio Parahaemolyticus in Shrimps
A Historical Perspective on the Impact of the Infectious Disease Outbreaks on Architectural and Urban Changes (Text)
A Historical Perspective on the Impact of the Infectious Disease Outbreaks on Architectural and Urban Changes (Other)
HTML Summary of #868 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A Historical Perspective on the Impact of the Infectious Disease Outbreaks on Architectural and Urban Changes</epc:when>
There has been illnesses and pandemics all through the history effecting the cities. Some of the most significant architectural and urban changes occured in the cities due to infectious illnesses. The recent emergence of the coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) which was declared as a pandemic in March 2020 with its continuing effects on human life despite all technological and medical advances in the last century and together with the phenomena such as population growth, rapid urbanization, increase in urban and architectural life comfort, has led to an immediate expectation to produce solutions with rapid changes in urban and architectural areas. This paper investigates what happened in the history of cities to develope healthy and hygenic living environments in search of an evaluation whether it is possible to provide humanity architecturally with living spaces in cities free of illnesses or if it is an illusion in terms of reality.
A Historical Perspective on the Impact of the Infectious Disease Outbreaks on Architectural and Urban Changes
Progressive Collapse Evaluation of Low-Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings Designed for Different Occupancy Classes (Text)
Progressive Collapse Evaluation of Low-Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings Designed for Different Occupancy Classes (Other)
HTML Summary of #869 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Progressive Collapse Evaluation of Low-Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings Designed for Different Occupancy Classes</epc:when>
The study aims to investigate the progressive collapse behavior of low-rise reinforced concrete buildings designed for different occupancy classes. For this objective, two low-rise reinforced concrete framed buildings were designed independently according to the Turkish Seismic Code for Buildings by considering the Residential Occupancy Class and Government Buildings Occupancy Class. A nonlinear dynamic analysis method was employed to evaluate the progressive collapse response of the buildings by using the alternate path direct design approach of UFC 4-023-03 and GSA-2016 guidelines. Three-dimensional finite element models were created for the analyses, and fiber hinges were used to represent the nonlinear behavior of the load-bearing members. Three column loss scenarios were implemented independently. The analysis results show that the residual displacement of the residential building is higher than that of the government building in all column removal scenarios. Moreover, the damage conditions of the residential building are commonly worse than the government building for all column loss scenarios. It is deduced from the study that the buildings experienced the most severe local damage, disproportionate to the initial failure, under the inner column loss scenario.
Progressive Collapse Evaluation of Low-Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings Designed for Different Occupancy Classes
Improved Dot-ELISA Assay Using Purified Sheep Coenurus cerebralis Antigenic Fractions for the Diagnosis of Zoonotic Coenurosis (Text)
Improved Dot-ELISA Assay Using Purified Sheep Coenurus cerebralis Antigenic Fractions for the Diagnosis of Zoonotic Coenurosis (Other)
HTML Summary of #658 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Improved Dot-ELISA Assay Using Purified Sheep Coenurus cerebralis Antigenic Fractions for the Diagnosis of Zoonotic Coenurosis</epc:when>
Clinicians face significant problems in the diagnosis of zoonotic coenurosis. The current study aimed to develop an improved dot-Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) for the diagnosis of zoonotic coenurosis using sheep Coenurus cerebralis scolices purified antigen (CcS-Ag) and to compare the obtained results with those of indirect ELISA and Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot technique (EITB). Sera were collected from humans and sheep infected or suspected of infection with Coenurus cerebralis, control cases, and cases infected with other parasites. The CcS-Ag was proved to be the most specific antigen. This antigen was fractionated, and its specific polypeptides against anti-C. cerebralis antibodies (ACc-Ab) were identified using EITB. Fractions at the molecular weight (MW) of 48 and 58 kDa were proved as the only specific ones, eluted from the gel and concentrated, then dotted on the NC sheet as pooled antigen before its evaluation in the diagnosis of infection using dot-ELISA. Dot-ELISA demonstrated absolute 100 sensitivity and 100 specificity as recorded by EITB, compared to both fractions on a nitrocellulose (NC) sheet using surgically proved infected human or sheep sera as a gold standard. Diagnosis by ELISA using crude CcS-Ag revealed similar sensitivity but lower specificity (75). The diagnostic accuracy of dot-ELISA was proved by comparing its results with postmortem data obtained post slaughtering of 20 suspected sheep and patients investigated by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In conclusion, the selection of specific fractions after EITB to be used in dot-ELISA improved the diagnostic value of the test as a diagnostic tool gathering the benefits of ELISA and EITB. © Nikkhah A and Alimirzaei M (2022). Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention. World Vet. J., 12 (3): 230-236. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj29
Improved Dot-ELISA Assay Using Purified Sheep Coenurus cerebralis Antigenic Fractions for the Diagnosis of Zoonotic Coenurosis
Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Bivalent Inactivated Vaccine against Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (Text)
Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Bivalent Inactivated Vaccine against Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (Other)
HTML Summary of #663 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Bivalent Inactivated Vaccine against Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus</epc:when>
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease is a fatal threat to rabbits that causes sustainability problems and substantial economic losses. The aim of the current study was to compare the immuno-enhancing effects of a bivalent inactivated rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) vaccine adjuvanted with Montanide with an inactivated RHDV vaccine with an aluminum hydroxide gel. Montanide incomplete seppic adjuvant 71 VG was prepared as an oil emulsion, and several batches adjuvanted with an aluminum hydroxide gel were prepared. Then, 250 New Zealand rabbits aged 6 weeks were randomly allocated to three groups. Group 1 was subjected to the bivalent inactivated RHDV adjuvanted with an aluminum hydroxide gel, Group 2 received the oil-emulsion vaccine adjuvanted with Montanide, and Group 3 was left unvaccinated as a negative control group. Efficacy was determined using a hemagglutination inhibition test, and resistance was determined using virulent RHDVa and RHDV2. The clinical signs included sudden death, nervous manifestations, aimless running, lateral recumbence, and crying before death. The mortality rates were recorded at 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after vaccination. In addition, blood samples were collected on the first day as well as 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 weeks post-vaccination (WPV), and 2, 3, 4 month post-vaccination (MPV) until 12 MPV. Serological analysis indicated that the bivalent inactivated RHDV oil-emulsion vaccine was more effective than the bivalent inactivated RHDV aluminum hydroxide gel vaccine, resulting in improved immune responses and longer-lasting protective immunological responses in vaccinated rabbits. The bivalent inactivated RHDV oil-emulsion vaccine was also sterile and safe and helped the protection of the rabbits against RHDVa and RHDV2, hence reducing the time and effort required during the vaccination process and reducing the levels of discomfort for the rabbits. © Nikkhah A and Alimirzaei M (2022). Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention. World Vet. J., 12 (3): 230-236. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj29
Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Bivalent Inactivated Vaccine against Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus
Use of Inactivated Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis as an Immunostimulant with Pneumobac Vaccine (Text)
Use of Inactivated Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis as an Immunostimulant with Pneumobac Vaccine (Other)
HTML Summary of #787 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Use of Inactivated Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis as an Immunostimulant with Pneumobac Vaccine</epc:when>
Sheep breeders in Egypt suffer from pneumonic pasteurellosis caused by Pasteurella trehalosi, Pasteurella multocida, and Mannheimia haemolytica. The disease is responsible for significant economic losses in the sheep industry according to the high mortality rate and reduced carcass values. Pneumobac® is the primary vaccine in Egypt used to control pasteurellosis in sheep. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to estimate the nonspecific immune stimulating impact of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis ovis against Pasteurella in sheep vaccinated with Pneumobac®. Nine sheep were classified into three groups, each with three animals. The sheep in the first and second groups were inoculated with the inactivated culture of Pneumobac® and a combined inactivated culture of Pneumobac® with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis ovis bacterin, respectively. The third group was nonvaccinated and kept in control. Indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure the humoral immune response to the produced vaccines. The results of the present study confirmed that the antibodies titer against Pasteurella multocida type A, D, and B6, Pasteurella trehalosi type T, and Mannheimia haemolytica type A significantly increased in sheep vaccinated with a combined vaccine (Pneumobac® and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis ovis bacterin), compared to those vaccinated with Pneumobac® alone. It was concluded that the addition of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis ovis bacterin to inactivated Pneumobac® vaccine could increase the immune response against pneumonic pasteurellosis. © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Use of Inactivated Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis as an Immunostimulant with Pneumobac Vaccine
Effects of Xylanase Supplementation on the Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Digestive Organ Profiles of Broiler Chickens: A Meta-analysis (Text)
Effects of Xylanase Supplementation on the Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Digestive Organ Profiles of Broiler Chickens: A Meta-analysis (Other)
HTML Summary of #919 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Xylanase Supplementation on the Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Digestive Organ Profiles of Broiler Chickens: A Meta-analysis</epc:when>
Enzymes supplementation in broiler feeding is commonly applied to optimize animal feed utilization and reduce feed production costs. One of the enzymes widely used in the broiler industry is xylanase which breaks down complex fibrous compounds in feed, such as nonstarch polysaccharides, to simpler utilizable sugar molecules. However, the effects of xylanase enzymes on broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and organ function in broiler chickens were variable and inconclusive. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of the xylanase enzyme in feed on the performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive function of parrots using a meta-analysis approach. A dataset of 140 points obtained from 53 articles was analyzed using a mixed model methodology. The results showed that the xylanase enzyme supplementation increased the broilerâ��s body weight gain and decreased feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. In addition, xylanase supplementation also increased nutrient digestibility, such as dry matter, crude protein, starch, gross energy, fat, phosphorus, and calcium. Concerning broiler organ weights, the xylanase supplementation in broiler feed significantly reduced the weight of the duodenum, small intestine, and relative length of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Xylanase supplementation also tended to reduce the relative weight of the proventriculus. The results also showed a negative response to the crypt depth ileum of broiler due to xylanase supplementation. It can be concluded that xylanase supplementation improves the performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive function of broiler chickens. © 2022,Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Xylanase Supplementation on the Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Digestive Organ Profiles of Broiler Chickens: A Meta-analysis
Effect of multimedia on achievement in social sciences in relation to gender at secondary school level (Text)
Effect of multimedia on achievement in social sciences in relation to gender at secondary school level (Other)
HTML Summary of #996 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of multimedia on achievement in social sciences in relation to gender at secondary school level</epc:when>
The present study was conducted to explore the effect of multimedia on achievement in social sciences in reference to gender at secondary school level. The procedure was executed by employing pre-test and post-test with reference to group i.e. control group and experimental group. A sample of 100 students of IX class was taken from IX class social science students affiliated to C.B.S.E. To measure the achievement, achievement test in science was used as research tool. The study was delimited to IX class secondary school students affiliated to C.B.S.E only. Experimental group was taught science with multimedia, the control group was taught science through conventional method. The data was analyzed with the assistance of statistics namely descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and graphical representation. The results of the data revealed that there is a significant effect of interaction between multimedia and gender on achievement in science of secondary school students.
Effect of multimedia on achievement in social sciences in relation to gender at secondary school level
Effect of Gadolinium Orthovanadate Nanoparticles on Male Rabbitsâ�� Reproductive Performance under Oxidative Stress (Text)
Effect of Gadolinium Orthovanadate Nanoparticles on Male Rabbitsâ�� Reproductive Performance under Oxidative Stress (Other)
HTML Summary of #788 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Gadolinium Orthovanadate Nanoparticles on Male Rabbitsâ�� Reproductive Performance under Oxidative Stress</epc:when>
Oxidative stress as a leading factor of male infertility requires correction with modern pharmacological agents, particularly redox-active nanoparticles, to improve sperm quality and hormonal balance. The current experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of orthovanadate nanoparticles of rare earth elements, particularly Gadolinium, with pronounced redox properties on the reproductive function of male rabbits under oxidative stress. A total of 36 mature male Hyla rabbits were divided into three groups of intact control (n = 12) and two experimental groups, including rabbits ubder oxidative stress (n = 12), induced by the introduction of tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, and those under oxidative stress plus hydrosol of gadolinium orthovanadate nanoparticles (NPs, n = 12) intake for 14 days. There were four rabbits per three replicates in each group. Animals of all groups were kept on the same diet and had free access to water. The use of NPs led to an improvement in sperm quality indicators. There was an improvement in motility and ejaculate volume indicators (by 14.6 and 39.2, respectively), a reduction of the content of morphologically abnormal sperm by 26.7; normalization of sex hormones, an increase in the level of total testosterone (by 113) with a decrease in 17-β-estradiol (by 16.5). This sex hormones improvement led to an increase in the androgen saturation of the rabbitâ��s body (free androgen index at the end of the experiment was 36.5). The obtained changes were accompanied by a decrease in the oxidative load, as evidenced by a reduced content of diene conjugates and thio-barbituric acid-reactive compounds in the blood serum of rabbits by 30.4 and 26.8, compared to the control. At the same time, there was an increase in the antioxidant potential, especially its glutathione link â�� the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase (by 42.5 and 34.2, respectively), and the content of reduced glutathione increased by 62.3, compared to the indicators before the introduction of NPs. The results of the study confirmed the effectiveness of using gadolinium orthovanadate NPs to correct the reproductive function of males under oxidative stress. © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Effect of Gadolinium Orthovanadate Nanoparticles on Male Rabbitsâ�� Reproductive Performance under Oxidative Stress
Canine Dystocia: The Risk Factors and Treatment Methods in Dogs of Hanoi, Vietnam (Text)
Canine Dystocia: The Risk Factors and Treatment Methods in Dogs of Hanoi, Vietnam (Other)
HTML Summary of #659 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Canine Dystocia: The Risk Factors and Treatment Methods in Dogs of Hanoi, Vietnam</epc:when>
Dystocia is a common disorder that can cause harmful health risks to bitch and puppies. The aim of the current study was to evaluate some risk factors related to canine dystocia and the application of treatment methods to 612 diagnosed cases in Gaia Pets Clinic and Resort, Hanoi, Vietnam, from December 2013 to May 2020. The investigated factors comprised age, parity and breed size, and litter size, as well as fetal sex in relation to the proportion of dystocia in female canines. Dystocia was frequently observed in female dogs aged 1-3 years, with rates of 76.1. The highest proportion of dystocia was found in the first litter group (80.21). The incidence of dystocia increased as the weight of the dog decreased, and it was prevalent in the small breed (61.93). Dystocia risk decreased as the litter size increased. The interventions used in this study were medical treatment with the hormone oxytocin (1.8), surgical management with cesarean section (86.11), and a combination of oxytocin and cesarean section (12.09), with the success rates of each treatment method as 100, 98.86, and 100, respectively. Some risk factors, such as age, parity, breed size, and litter size identified in the present research, could be used as prognostic indicators in the veterinary practice to optimize the survival rate of female dogs and puppies. © Nikkhah A and Alimirzaei M (2022). Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention. World Vet. J., 12 (3): 230-236. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj29
Canine Dystocia: The Risk Factors and Treatment Methods in Dogs of Hanoi, Vietnam
Effect of the Sublethal Dose of Lead Acetate on Malondialdehyde, Dopamine, and Neuroglobin Concentrations in Rats (Text)
Effect of the Sublethal Dose of Lead Acetate on Malondialdehyde, Dopamine, and Neuroglobin Concentrations in Rats (Other)
HTML Summary of #784 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of the Sublethal Dose of Lead Acetate on Malondialdehyde, Dopamine, and Neuroglobin Concentrations in Rats</epc:when>
Lead can have detrimental behavioral, biochemical, and physiological effects on the body. The current experiment was designed to estimate the sublethal dose of lead acetate that induce oxidative stress on the central nervous system (CNS) in adult using the probit analysis. Moreover, the current study examined the dose-response curve by successive doses of lead acetate on some parameters related to oxidative stress for 28 days. A total of 36 adult male rats were randomly selected and divided equally into six experimental groups and treated for 28 days. Rats in the control group received distilled sterile water, and those in G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5 were gavaged with 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 mg/kg of lead acetate, respectively. The result indicated a positive correlation between the successive doses of lead acetate. Malondialdehyde concentration decreased dopamine and neuroglobin by increasing the dose of lead acetate in experimental groups (G3, G4, and G5), compared to the control group. In conclusion, exposure to the sublethal dose of 16 mg/kg of lead acetate significantly alters the levels of the neurotransmitters and increases the production of oxidative stress in the CNS tissue. © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Effect of the Sublethal Dose of Lead Acetate on Malondialdehyde, Dopamine, and Neuroglobin Concentrations in Rats
Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention (Text)
Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention (Other)
HTML Summary of #662 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention</epc:when>
Diarrhea is the most perturbing disease in dairy and beef industries worldwide, leading to significant rates of morbidity and mortality as well as economic losses. The objective of this review article was to delineate the pathophysiology and practical biology of colisepticemia in neonatal calves. Preventive and therapeutic protocols were also presented and discussed from a new integrative perspective. Notably, the situation can be the most deleterious in case diarrhea turns into septicemia. Under such circumstances, the mortality rate may be remarkably high and hard to control. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an invasive and opportunistic bacteria causing severe diarrhea (colibacillosis) and colisepticemia in newborn calves. Colisepticemia is commonly prevalent in 2-5 days old calves, and colostral immunity is considered the first defensive line against E. coli infection. In addition to colostrum feeding quality and management, other management factors, such as dry cow nutrition and welfare, newborn calf welfare and nutrition, housing system, sanitation protocols, as well as early identification and treatment of sick calves, are important in preventing colisepticemia. In conclusion, understanding the mechanism of action and transmission routes of pathogenic E. coli will provide scientific and practical insight to plan preventive and therapeutic protocols decisively and successfully. © Nikkhah A and Alimirzaei M (2022). Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention. World Vet. J., 12 (3): 230-236. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj29
Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention
Comparative Analysis of One-step and Two-step Dilution on Quality of Frozen Semen in Kintamani Dogs (Text)
Comparative Analysis of One-step and Two-step Dilution on Quality of Frozen Semen in Kintamani Dogs (Other)
HTML Summary of #657 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Comparative Analysis of One-step and Two-step Dilution on Quality of Frozen Semen in Kintamani Dogs</epc:when>
Preservation of sperm by freezing allows breeding dogs that are separated over long distances. To increase the fertility of frozen and then thawed spermatozoa, they must be able to survive the process. The current study aimed to evaluate the sperm motility and DNA integrity of Kintamani dogs extended in extenders with one-step and two-step dilution techniques. Ejaculates collected from four dogs were used in the current study. The semen was divided into two equal parts and diluted with extenders using two different dilution techniques, namely One-step dilution in Tris egg yolk containing 7 glycerol, and a two-step dilution technique diluted in an initial 2:1 with an extender, containing 20 egg yolk without glycerol. The same volume of the second extender was added, including 14 glycerol. The sample was loaded into 0.25 ml straws, cooled to 4°C for 4 hours, equilibrated, and then plunged into the liquid nitrogen. The sperm motility was evaluated using Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA), and DNA integrity was assessed using Acridine Orange (AO) stained. Results showed that the sperm motility of Kintamani dogs in extenders using two-step dilution was significantly higher compared to the one-step dilution technique. In addition, the obtained results indicated that two types of dilution steps in Kintamani dog semen were not detrimental to the sperm DNA integrity during the freezing process. In conclusion, extenders with two types of dilution techniques could maintain sperm motility above 30, and no difference between one and two steps dilution was detected © Nikkhah A and Alimirzaei M (2022). Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention. World Vet. J., 12 (3): 230-236. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj29
Comparative Analysis of One-step and Two-step Dilution on Quality of Frozen Semen in Kintamani Dogs
Effect of Selenium-based Diets on Zootechnical Performance, Hematological Parameters, and Relative Weight of Internal Organs in Broiler Chickens (Text)
Effect of Selenium-based Diets on Zootechnical Performance, Hematological Parameters, and Relative Weight of Internal Organs in Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #918 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Selenium-based Diets on Zootechnical Performance, Hematological Parameters, and Relative Weight of Internal Organs in Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Two sources of selenium are commonly used in poultry nutrition, the organic and the inorganic forms. This study was carried out to investigate the comparative effect of Sasso broiler breeder feed supplemented with sodium selenite (SS) and selenomethionine (SM) on the zootechnical performance, hematology, and hatching process of chickens. A total of 120 female broiler breeders and 12 roosters of Sasso strain at 47 weeks were equally assigned to three treatments with four replicates per each, including 10 breeders crossed with 1 rooster. The treatment groups were broiler breeders fed a basal diet without selenium supplementation (control), chickens fed the basal diet supplemented with SS, and breeders fed the basal diet supplemented with SM. The inclusion level of each selenium was 0.2 ppm. The collected data included feed intake and egg weight during 8 weeks. In the end, blood samples were collected for hematological investigations. A total of 150 hatching eggs were collected from each treatment. After recording their weight, the eggs were incubated at adequate temperature and relative humidity. On day 18 of incubation, the eggs were weight again, candled, and transferred into the hatcher. Each egg was individually checked every 3 hours during the last 3 days of incubation for hatching events determination. The results showed that breeders fed SM had the lowest feed conversion ratio. There was an increase in the majority of blood parameters in breeders fed SM, compared to other treatments. The lowest duration of the hatching events was observed with breeders fed SM, and consequently, they had the best hatching rate but without any significant difference in the chicksâ�� quality and their weight of internal organs at the hatch. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that using selenium is beneficial, especially in the organic form, which appeared to be more efficient, compared to the inorganic form. © 2022, Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Effect of Selenium-based Diets on Zootechnical Performance, Hematological Parameters, and Relative Weight of Internal Organs in Broiler Chickens
Intercomparison of Estimates of Reference Evapotranspiration of Surat Region of Gujarat, India (Text)
Intercomparison of Estimates of Reference Evapotranspiration of Surat Region of Gujarat, India (Other)
HTML Summary of #870 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Intercomparison of Estimates of Reference Evapotranspiration of Surat Region of Gujarat, India</epc:when>
Evapotranspiration is a vital parameter for irrigation planning and management, and for hydrological and climatological studies. This can be estimated by using Blaney-Criddle (BC), Thornthwaite (TW), Hargreaves (HG) and Penman-Monteith (PM) methods. Out of these methods, BC and TW are known as temperature based whereas HG is radiation based and PM is based on Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) report on crop water requirements. This paper illustrates a study on comparison on estimates of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) obtained from temperature, radiation and FAO based methods for Surat region. The meteorological data such as air temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours observed at Surat region for the period 2001 to 2016 is used. In addition, the wind speed and solar radiation data is downloaded from the International Water Management Institute website and used in estimation of ETo using PM. The performance of the methods used in estimation of ETo is evaluated through regression analysis by developing a linear regression between the observed and estimated values of ETo using BC, TW and HG, and FAO based PM. The results of linear regression analysis indicated that there is a good line of agreement between the observed and estimated ETo using PM with CC of 0.968 when compared with those values of BC, TW and HG. The study show that the PM is better suited amongst four methods applied in estimating the ETo for Surat region, Gujarat.
Intercomparison of Estimates of Reference Evapotranspiration of Surat Region of Gujarat, India
PERFORMANCE OF BLACKHEAD OGADEN SHEEP FED DIFFERENT GRASSES (Chloris gayana, Pennisetum purpureum, Panicum maximum AND Cynodon dactylon) BASAL DIETS AND THE SAME CONCENTRATE MIXTURE (Text)
PERFORMANCE OF BLACKHEAD OGADEN SHEEP FED DIFFERENT GRASSES (Chloris gayana, Pennisetum purpureum, Panicum maximum AND Cynodon dactylon) BASAL DIETS AND THE SAME CONCENTRATE MIXTURE (Other)
HTML Summary of #618 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PERFORMANCE OF BLACKHEAD OGADEN SHEEP FED DIFFERENT GRASSES (Chloris gayana, Pennisetum purpureum, Panicum maximum AND Cynodon dactylon) BASAL DIETS AND THE SAME CONCENTRATE MIXTURE</epc:when>
A study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding Rhodes grass (RG; Chloris gayana) as treatment 1 (T1), elephant grass (EG; Pennisetum purpureum as T2), guinea grass (GG; Panicum maximum as T3) and bermuda grass (BG; Cynodon dactylon as T4) supplemented with a similar amount of concentrate mixture (CM; wheat bran (WB) and Noug seed cake (NSC) at 67:33 ratio) on performance and economy of fattening of Blackhead Ogaden sheep. The study consisted of a feeding and digestibility trials of 90 and 7 days long, respectively. Twenty-four intact yearling Blackhead Ogaden sheep with an initial body weight (BW) of 15.83±0.04 kg (mean±SD) were used in a randomized complete block design based on their initial BW with four treatments and six replications. All animals received 300 g dry matter (DM) of CM. Nutrient concentration of RG, EG, GG, BG, NSC and WB were 5.5, 8.8, 7.6, 7.9, 24.3 and 14.0% crude protein (CP), and 83.3, 74.5, 75.4, 81.5, 39.0 and 45% neutral detergent fiber, respectively on DM basis. Intake of DM was 696, 700, 719 and 716 g/day (SEM = 0.004) for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively and was lowest for T1 and highest for T3. The CP intake was also lowest for T1 (89 g/day), and similar among the other 3 treatments (99-103 g/day). Digestibility of CP and organic matter were highest for T2, intermediate for T3 and T4 and lowest for T1. Average daily gain was in the order of T2 > T3 = T4 > T1 (27, 63, 50 and 45 g/day (SEM = 13.1) for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively); whereas hot carcass weight did not significantly differ among treatments (5.7, 6.4, 6.1 and 6.3 kg (SEM = 0.36) for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively). Total return, net income and marginal rate of return were all in the order of T2 > T4 > T3 > T1. Therefore, based on biological performance as well as economic return, sheep fed elephant grass perform better. However, variations in performance and economic return among the four grass species needs to be taken cautiously as part of the difference might have attributed to differences in the stage of maturity of the grasses up on harvest for feeding the lambs.
PERFORMANCE OF BLACKHEAD OGADEN SHEEP FED DIFFERENT GRASSES (Chloris gayana, Pennisetum purpureum, Panicum maximum AND Cynodon dactylon) BASAL DIETS AND THE SAME CONCENTRATE MIXTURE
THE SPREADING AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE WATER MOULD Saprolegnia parasitica IN AL-DIWANIYAH RIVER OF IRAQ (Text)
THE SPREADING AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE WATER MOULD Saprolegnia parasitica IN AL-DIWANIYAH RIVER OF IRAQ (Other)
HTML Summary of #619 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">THE SPREADING AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE WATER MOULD Saprolegnia parasitica IN AL-DIWANIYAH RIVER OF IRAQ</epc:when>
The water mold Saprolegnia parasitica is a chief species of oomycetes that affects a wide range of plant, natural ecosystems, fish and the aquaculture industry. The current study aimed to investigate the isolation and identification of some aquatic fungi like Saprolegnia spp. and also molecular characterization of Saprolegnia parasitica in the water of Al-Diwaniyah river of Iraq using the baiting method for isolation and PCR polymerase chain reaction for molecular diagnosis of fungi. A total of 60 samples were taken from three study sites of river: 25 samples of Al-Shafi’iah city bridge (Najaf road) as first site (S1); 25 samples of Hawly Al-Jamiah road bridge, Umm Al-Khail area, as second site (S2); and 10 samples of Al-Orouba bridge as the third site (S3). Molecular diagnosis was carried out by PCR examination using primers for the rDNA gene and its presence in Saprolegnia parasitica, as DNA was obtained at a concentration of 685.4-99.4 μg/μl and a purity of 1.92-1.8. The samples from the first site gave the highest number of 18 isolates (45%), followed by samples from the second site with 14 isolates (35%). The samples from the third site showed a number of 10 isolates (20%). The species S. parasitica was more visible during February 2020 with a number of 17 isolates, and less visible in April 2021, with a number of 3 isolates. In conclusion, the variation in the presence of the types of infectious aquatic fungi Saprolegnia spp. in the Al-Diwaniyah river of Iraq in different sites and months of 2021 showed a high percentage of isolates for Al-Shafi’iah city bridge (Najaf road) site and the highest number of Saprolegnia parasitica in February 2020. There is a need for further examination of oomycetes in different sites of rivers of Iraq in different months.
THE SPREADING AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE WATER MOULD Saprolegnia parasitica IN AL-DIWANIYAH RIVER OF IRAQ
DETERMINING THE RADIUM CONCENTRATION IN VEGETABLES AND FRUITS IN Al-NAJAF, IRAQ (Text)
DETERMINING THE RADIUM CONCENTRATION IN VEGETABLES AND FRUITS IN Al-NAJAF, IRAQ (Other)
HTML Summary of #623 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">DETERMINING THE RADIUM CONCENTRATION IN VEGETABLES AND FRUITS IN Al-NAJAF, IRAQ</epc:when>
Amount of pollution radiation in foodstuffs and feedstuffs are very necessary to measure because it is a direct contact with human and animal health. Therefore, the present investigation is useful for the health and environmental data base. The study included measurement of effective radium-226 content (CRa) in some chosen samples of vegetables and fruits (local and imported) in Najaf governorate. The CRa were measured in samples of vegetables and fruits using Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (LR-115 Type II). Also, the annual effective dose (AED) associated with the exposure due to annual intake of 226Ra were calculated from ingestion of vegetables and fruits samples for adults. The results were revealed that the average value of CRa in vegetables and fruits samples in the present study was 3.98±1.08 Bq/kg and 1.73±0.11 Bq/kg, respectively. While, the average of AED (mSv/y) for vegetables and fruits samples was 0.067±0.018 and 0.082±0.005, respectively. Also, the results showed that the average value of AED from fruits consumption is larger than in vegetables, but the result is not significant. All results of the CRa and AED of the studied samples had been compared with the worldwide reported value (median). Accordingly, it was found that all findings were lower than that of the recommended limits of the UNSCEAR 2000. Finally, based on present investigations, no health risk expected when considering eating vegetables and fruits of Al-Najaf of Iraq.
DETERMINING THE RADIUM CONCENTRATION IN VEGETABLES AND FRUITS IN Al-NAJAF, IRAQ
NUTRIENT CONTENT AND QUALITY OF SOYBEAN MEAL WASTE FERMENTED BY Aspergillus ficuum AND Neurospora crassa (Text)
NUTRIENT CONTENT AND QUALITY OF SOYBEAN MEAL WASTE FERMENTED BY Aspergillus ficuum AND Neurospora crassa (Other)
HTML Summary of #628 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">NUTRIENT CONTENT AND QUALITY OF SOYBEAN MEAL WASTE FERMENTED BY Aspergillus ficuum AND Neurospora crassa</epc:when>
Present research aimed to increase soybean meal waste quality and nutrient by fermentation using different ratio of mixed fungus inoculum (Aspergillus ficuum and Neurospora crassa) and fermentation time. The primary materials were soybean meal waste (SMW), fungus Aspergillus ficuum and Neurospora crassa. The experiment applied a completely randomized design (CRD) with a 3 × 3 factorial pattern and three replications. Two treatments were given in this study, factor A (combination of A. ficuum and N. crassa), comprising of A1 (3:1), A2 (3:2), and A3 (3:3). Factor B (fermentation time) comprising of B1 (5 days), B2 (7 days), and B3 (9 days). The variance analysis exposed a highly significant interaction between factor A and factor B, and those factors also exposed a highly significant effect. The correlation between SMW crude protein and broiler nitrogen retention showed a positive trend, contrary SMW crude fiber content negatively affected crude fiber digestibility. In conclusion, the combination of A. ficuum and N. crassa (3:2) and seven days fermentation period showed optimal results as seen from 28.25% crude protein, 13.77% crude fibre, 61.16 nitrogen retention and 58.76% crude fibre digestibility of fermented SMW.
NUTRIENT CONTENT AND QUALITY OF SOYBEAN MEAL WASTE FERMENTED BY Aspergillus ficuum AND Neurospora crassa
BREEDING PRACTICES AND TRAITS PREFERENCE IN DAIRY CATTLE IN GEDEO AGROFORESTRY OF ETHIOPIA (Text)
BREEDING PRACTICES AND TRAITS PREFERENCE IN DAIRY CATTLE IN GEDEO AGROFORESTRY OF ETHIOPIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #636 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">BREEDING PRACTICES AND TRAITS PREFERENCE IN DAIRY CATTLE IN GEDEO AGROFORESTRY OF ETHIOPIA</epc:when>
The study was conducted to identify breeding practices and traits preferences of the dairy cattle producers in the southern part of Ethiopia. Representative sample households were selected by SRS (Simple Random Sampling) techniques. A cross-sectional survey with a structured questionnaire was used to collect the data on the purpose of keeping dairy cattle, herd composition, source of dairy cattle, trait preference, and breeding practices performed by the farmers. The data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS 27, and chi-square was used to compare categorical variables. The herd composition of the Bule district is significantly different from the rest of the districts in the mean number of calves, heifers, and bulls. The Yirgachefe district significantly differs in the mean number of cows compared to other districts. The breed preference of most farmers (81.67%) is cross-bred bulls (Jersey and Holstein Frisian). There are not enough bulls on the farms; only 21.7% of them have a breeding bull, and the primary sources of bulls in the study community are the grazing areas and the neighbors. Respondents preferred artificial insemination (96.1%) to natural mating. Milk yield, appearance, and genotype were important traits in selecting a dam, whereas genotype, appearance, and fast growth rate were the most preferred traits in sire ranking. The farmers' breeding objectives were to improve milk production and increase cash income. Therefore, establishing a village-based mating program for the genetic improvement of dairy cattle in the study area is recommended to overcome the shortage of bulls.
BREEDING PRACTICES AND TRAITS PREFERENCE IN DAIRY CATTLE IN GEDEO AGROFORESTRY OF ETHIOPIA
BREEDING STRATEGIES OF SIMIEN SHEEP IN SIMIEN MOUNTAIN REGION OF ETHIOPIA (Text)
BREEDING STRATEGIES OF SIMIEN SHEEP IN SIMIEN MOUNTAIN REGION OF ETHIOPIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #640 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">BREEDING STRATEGIES OF SIMIEN SHEEP IN SIMIEN MOUNTAIN REGION OF ETHIOPIA</epc:when>
This study was conducted to characterize the existing sheep breeding strategies as an essential step in designing a breeding program for linking sheep production in the Simien mountain region of Ethiopia. Interview with sheep keepers, direct ranking method of traits, and field observations were carried out in selected districts of Simien mountain region. Sheep kept mainly as a source of income, saving and meat with an index value of 0.27, 0.21, and 0.20 in the Beyeda district whereas the corresponding value for Janamora was 0.26, 0.22, and 0.19, respectively. Mean sheep flock sizes were 14.9 and 16.2 in Beyeda and Janamora districts of Ethiopia. Natural and uncontrolled breeding was common in the Simien mountain region of Ethiopia. Coat color, body conformation, and fast growth rate were important traits in selecting breeding rams in both study districts. Coat color and appearance were selection criteria for breeding ewes in both study districts. It is observed that Simien sheep is highly valued for its tasty meat and produce under low input conditions. However, the survival of Simien sheep is endangered due to uncontrolled breeding, intervention failures in livelihood, and market-oriented agricultural systems. In conclusion, the main breeding objective for sheep production have been defined as increasing meat production and marketed animals and this is driven by market demands. Compared with other local sheep types, Simien was rated highly by both producers and consumers in their tasty meat. These characteristics make the Simien sheep economically more important. Yet Simien sheep need to be conserved as they could serve as a source of safe and tasty products for consumption.
BREEDING STRATEGIES OF SIMIEN SHEEP IN SIMIEN MOUNTAIN REGION OF ETHIOPIA
INCOME ANALYSIS ON BROILER CHICKEN FARMING IN PARTNERSHIP SYSTEM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN TANRALILI DISTRICT, INDONESIA (Text)
INCOME ANALYSIS ON BROILER CHICKEN FARMING IN PARTNERSHIP SYSTEM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN TANRALILI DISTRICT, INDONESIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #641 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">INCOME ANALYSIS ON BROILER CHICKEN FARMING IN PARTNERSHIP SYSTEM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN TANRALILI DISTRICT, INDONESIA</epc:when>
This study was aimed to determine the income of farmers who carry out a partnership system during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lekopancing Village, Tanralili District, Maros Regency. The research was conducted on March to April 2021. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative. The sample in this study were farmers who partnered with the X’s company were 2 farmers, the Y’s company were 12 farmers and the Z’s company were 8 breeder. Data was collected through interviews with the help of a questionnaire as the research instrument. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic impacted to the incomes of farmers who partnered with companies X, Y, and Z, other than that it influence price fluctuations. The income earned by farmers with partnership patterns on a business scale of 3000 tail is the highest breeder who partners with PT. Z was USD 1,564.63 and USD 0.52/tail/period. As for the business scale of 4000, the highest is PT. Y of USD 2,285.97 and USD 0.76/tail/period.
INCOME ANALYSIS ON BROILER CHICKEN FARMING IN PARTNERSHIP SYSTEM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN TANRALILI DISTRICT, INDONESIA
APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR ANIMAL RECORDING (ICAR) METHODOLOGY IN DAIRY HERD MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH OF RUSSIA (Text)
APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR ANIMAL RECORDING (ICAR) METHODOLOGY IN DAIRY HERD MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH OF RUSSIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #642 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR ANIMAL RECORDING (ICAR) METHODOLOGY IN DAIRY HERD MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH OF RUSSIA</epc:when>
This experiment was conducted to determine the advantages of introducing modern innovative approaches to dairy herd management based on the study and implementation of the methodological of International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR). This research shows the main directions for introduction to new breeding and the technological model of interaction with breeding farms for breeding dairy cattle. This interaction occurs through the services provision for breeding farms, the control-assistant and expert-boniter services, as well as laboratories for selection control of milk quality and genetic control. The tasks of the control-assistant service included participation in the control milking of cows and individual milk samples picking from each cow and its delivery to the laboratory in a chilled form. Using as the example dairy herd of the black and white breed by studying the dynamics of somatic cells has been showing the effectiveness of different methods for assessing the quality of milk. Implementation of the milk quality regular monitoring during 1-2 months allows bringing the main parameters of milk quality in line with the requirements of national and international ICAR standards. The cow's conformation assessment by animals' linear assessment allows revealing the bull’s prepotent abilities and choosing the right strategy for improving the cow's conformation in the herd. Genetic well-being assessment of cows makes it possible to exclude unwanted individuals with genetic abnormalities and use only healthy animals in breeding. The research purpose was studying the possibility of applying the ICAR method in Russian breeding livestock to improve the dairy herd management system. The research results showed that Implementation of individual veterinary measures for two months allowed reducing the average somatic cell count by 1.85 times and reaching the level recommended by ICAR. The spread of individual indicators also significantly decreased. Therefore, Using the individual monitoring of dairy raw materials quality assessment makes it possible to study the influence of para-typical (climatic) factors on the content of dairy components, as well as to stabilize the quality parameters in terms of the level of somatic cells not higher than 200 thousand cells/cm3.
APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR ANIMAL RECORDING (ICAR) METHODOLOGY IN DAIRY HERD MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH OF RUSSIA
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTED COCOA POD HUSK MEAL ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RABBITS (Text)
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTED COCOA POD HUSK MEAL ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RABBITS (Other)
HTML Summary of #643 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTED COCOA POD HUSK MEAL ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RABBITS</epc:when>
This study determined the dietary effect of cocoa pod husk meal (CPHM) on the reproductive performance of rabbits. Twelve iso-nitrogenous (16.05% CP) and iso–caloric (2500.12 Kcal kg-1 ME) diets were formulated. The CPHM was included at 0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5% levels for T1, T2, T3, and T4 raw; T5, T6, T7, T8 fermented and T9, T10, T11, T12 hot–water treated CPHM. Sixty weaned rabbits between 5 and 6 weeks old of both sexes (30 males and 30 females) with mean initial body weight of 606.42±1.30g were used. The rabbits were randomly distributed using a completely randomized design (CRD). The animals were crossed at maturity for reproductive performance evaluation. Total protein concentrations of reproductive parts were determined. Result showed no significant dietary effect on reproductive performance. The 37.5% level recorded zero pregnancy in the raw and hot–water groups. Average gestation period ranged between 30 and 31 days. Average litter size at birth ranged 1 – 4 kittens. Average weaning weight ranged between 475 and 580.25g with the least weight in the raw group. Milk yield ranged between 205.46 and 262.94g. The sperm volume and gonadal sperm reserve recorded significant effect (P<0.05). In the raw and hot–water groups, the sperm volume decreased marginally. The protein concentration in the testes recorded higher significant (P<0.05) values in the control diet and the least value in raw group. The study concluded that fermented CPHM diets performed best at 37.5% level in terms of reproductive performance of rabbits.
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTED COCOA POD HUSK MEAL ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RABBITS
EDIBLE COATINGS AND THE NEED FOR BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS WITH FOCUS ON DAIRY PRODUCTS (Text)
EDIBLE COATINGS AND THE NEED FOR BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS WITH FOCUS ON DAIRY PRODUCTS (Other)
HTML Summary of #644 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EDIBLE COATINGS AND THE NEED FOR BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS WITH FOCUS ON DAIRY PRODUCTS</epc:when>
Natural polymers are non-toxic, affordable, and abundantly accessible; hence they're often used in edible coatings. Covering vegetables with edible coatings that include antimicrobials, browning inhibitors, and nutraceuticals is a unique way to increase their nutritional value. Natural polymers are non-toxic, affordable, and abundantly accessible; hence they're often used in edible coatings. Covering vegetables with edible coatings that include antimicrobials, browning inhibitors, and nutraceuticals is a unique way to increase their nutritional value. Most edible coatings employ non-toxic, inexpensive, readily accessible natural polymers. Using biodegradable synthetic polymers and liquid and solid lipids, nano systems may be built at room temperature. To minimise food waste, edible food packaging utilises high-quality, low-impact packaging materials. Dairy consumer goods are among the industries targeted by the attack. Polymer nanocomposites, a kind of nano reinforcement, may act as a small gas barrier by increasing the difficulty of passing through the material. To put it simply, we now have the ability to accurately estimate the shelf life of our products thanks to developments in packaging technology, as well as biodegradable packaging and several other advantages. Packaging nanotechnology applications are categorised by their principal function. In conclusion, biodegradable synthetic polymers and liquid and solid lipids may also be used to create nano systems at ambient temperature. It is argued that recent advances in the usage of nano systems such nanoparticles, nanotubes, composites, and emulsions, are reviewed critically in this study. For food preservation purposes, nano dispersions may be supported by polymers, although the main focus of this article was on providing information on nano systems and how they can be used in various food substrates.
EDIBLE COATINGS AND THE NEED FOR BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS WITH FOCUS ON DAIRY PRODUCTS
A RESPONSE SURFACE MODEL TO PREDICT THE PROFITABILITY OF RAISING SMALL-SCALE FREE RANGE DOMESTIC PIGEON (Text)
A RESPONSE SURFACE MODEL TO PREDICT THE PROFITABILITY OF RAISING SMALL-SCALE FREE RANGE DOMESTIC PIGEON (Other)
HTML Summary of #645 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A RESPONSE SURFACE MODEL TO PREDICT THE PROFITABILITY OF RAISING SMALL-SCALE FREE RANGE DOMESTIC PIGEON</epc:when>
The study aimed to investigate the comparative profitability of raising different breeds of small- scale free range domestic pigeon in the Chattogram metropolitan area of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey was carried out for a period of three months from July to September 2021 using a structured questionnaire. Results indicated that there were no differences among the performance parameters of the non-descriptive, Gola and Giribaz breeds of pigeon. However, the non-descriptive breeds produced more eggs and thus squabs per year than the Gola and Giribaz. Similarly, the average pause size, feed supply per day and market age were lower in the local breeds compared with Gola and Giribaz. Hatchability percentage of the local breed was higher than the other breeds. Average mortality was moderately higher in the Giribaz. The average flock size was 4.9±0.70 pair. The average annual egg and squab productions were 20.6±1.10 and 10.7±1.00 pairs, respectively. The average daily feed supply was 37.8±1.5 g/bird. The average clutch and pause sizes were 2.0 and 17.3 day, respectively. Average market age, hatchability and mortality were 30.6±0.90 day, 51.4±2.20% and 7.6±1.6%, respectively. Mean feed and housing cost were 1008±24.7 and 443±42.8 Bangladeshi taka (BDT) per pair/year, respectively. Mean market price per pair adult and per squab was BDT 365±18.6 and 130±4.9, respectively. Flock size and pause size had strong positive and negative correlations with annual squab production. There were no significant differences between the net profit of the farms rearing different breeds of pigeon. However, farms raising local breeds had the highest annual net profit (BDT 823/pair) compared with other farms raising Giribaz (BDT 478/pair) and Gola breeds (BDT 319.70/pair). Principal component analysis identified annual egg production and feed cost as the principal eigenvector determining net profit. It was concluded that despite marginal profit, small-scale free range domestic pigeon farming was economically viable for the subsistence of the rural livelihoods.
A RESPONSE SURFACE MODEL TO PREDICT THE PROFITABILITY OF RAISING SMALL-SCALE FREE RANGE DOMESTIC PIGEON
Detection of Molecular Diversity in Novel Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Strains Isolated from Bull Semen Associated with Histopathological Findings (Text)
Detection of Molecular Diversity in Novel Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Strains Isolated from Bull Semen Associated with Histopathological Findings (Other)
HTML Summary of #677 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Detection of Molecular Diversity in Novel Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Strains Isolated from Bull Semen Associated with Histopathological Findings</epc:when>
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most common viral pathogens affecting the cattle industry worldwide. The present study aimed to molecularly characterize BVDV isolates that are currently circulating in breeding bulls farmed with cattle suffering from reproductive disorders, and also to assess the consequences of BVDV infection on bulls’ semen quality and conception, and its pathological effects on the structure of testicular tissue and spermatozoa. For this purpose, semen, serum, and testicular samples were collected from four breeding bulls in four private dairy farms in the governorates of Kafr-El Sheik, Beni-Suef, Giza, and Assuit, in Egypt from April 2019 to May 2020. An evaluation of sperm abnormalities was carried out by assessing the integrity of the plasma and acrosomal membranes where severe damage and abnormalities were found. Ultrastructure analysis of the spermatozoa by transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of a swollen plasma membrane with segmented outer acrosomal membrane of spermatozoa and vacuolar degenerated mitochondria. Histopathological examination of testicular and epididymal tissues indicated moderate to severe degenerative effects of virus infection on seminiferous tubules with hypospermatogenesis. By detection of virus antigen in the serum samples using ELISA, bulls were identified as persistently infected with BVDV. Virus isolation revealed four noncytopathic (NCP- BVDV) strains that were confirmed by fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) and amplification of the 5′ untranslated genomic region (5’UTR) and molecularly typed by amplification of the Erns glycoprotein region. Isolates’ Phylogenetic analysis revealed two subgenotypes: BVDV-1b (Genbank accession numbers; LC634512, LC634513, LC634515) and BVDV-1d (LC634516). According to the knowledge of the authors of the present study, the circulation of the BVDV-1d subgenotype is not reported in Egypt. Therefore, it would be of great importance to track circulating strains in specific countries for successful vaccination programs or accurate diagnostic tests, and this necessitates regular updates. © 2022
Detection of Molecular Diversity in Novel Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Strains Isolated from Bull Semen Associated with Histopathological Findings
Effect of Labazyme on Growth Performance, Physiological Parameters, and Economic Efficiency of Broiler Chickens (Text)
Effect of Labazyme on Growth Performance, Physiological Parameters, and Economic Efficiency of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #681 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Labazyme on Growth Performance, Physiological Parameters, and Economic Efficiency of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Enzymes have a significant positive effect on nutrient digestion, feed efficiency, and growth rate of poultry. The current experiment aimed to determine the optimal dosage levels of Labazyme as feed additives. A total of 240 oneday-old broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to four groups with three replicates. The feeding experiment was carried out from hatching to day 42 of age. Three experimental groups contained Labazyme at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/kg of the total diet. The control group received a basal diet. Growth performance, European performance efficiency index (EPEI), production index (PI), biochemical and lipid profiles, as well as antioxidant parameters were then measured. The results showed that chickens fed Labazyme supplementation (1 and 1.5 mg/kg) had a higher growth performance than those in the control group. Nonetheless, there was a significant difference between the Labazyme and the control group in terms of feed intake. In addition, Labazyme groups had a significantly positive effect on broiler economic scores. The EPEI and PI of the Labazyme-fed chickens were both higher than the control. There was a non-significant difference in total protein, albumin, globulin, and uric acid. The serum glucose level of the chickens fed Labazyme (1 and 1.5 mg/kg) was lower, compared to the control group. In contrast, chickens that consumed a diet supplemented with Labazyme 1 and 1.5 mg/kg indicated lower serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and very-low-density lipoprotein levels in broilers, compared to the control group. Serum high-density lipoprotein levels were improved and more pronounced in chickens fed Labazyme, compared to the control group. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that supplementation of Labazyme could help the improvement of growth performance, lipid profile, and profitability of broiler chickens. © 2022
Effect of Labazyme on Growth Performance, Physiological Parameters, and Economic Efficiency of Broiler Chickens
Development of a Framework for Reduction of Urban Traffic Congestion: Case Study of Akure Central Business District, Nigeria (Text)
Development of a Framework for Reduction of Urban Traffic Congestion: Case Study of Akure Central Business District, Nigeria (Other)
HTML Summary of #867 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Development of a Framework for Reduction of Urban Traffic Congestion: Case Study of Akure Central Business District, Nigeria</epc:when>
Traffic congestion has become a problem in the central business district of Akure. These roads during peak periods have defied measures to alleviate such congestion, leading to poor mobility and economic losses in form of costs of fuel, oil, as well as time cost of road users. The field survey was conducted on two major roads in the Central Business District (CBD) namely Oba Adesida and Arakale roads while considering the two directions along each route namely directions A and B, C and D respectively. Traffic parameters such as flow rate, speed and density were analyzed from the traffic data collected from each route along each direction. The field survey was carried out for a week (from Monday to Sunday) during the peak periods. The speed along direction A of Oba Adesida road was low due to more vehicles traversing the route. However, the speed of vehicles along direction D of Arakale road was lower than that along direction C. The traffic parameters were plotted against each other for the four directions for the morning, afternoon and evening periods. The derived linear models (equations) along the four directions gave minimum speeds for morning, afternoon and evening of 33.64 km/hr, 33.65 km/hr and 30.71km/hr respectively along direction A and 30.94 km/hr, 31.80 km/hr and 31.88 km/hr respectively along direction B for Oba-Adesida road; 36.59 km/hr , 35.30 km/hr, 33.58 km/hr respectively along direction C and 35.25 km/hr, 34.75 km/hr and 34.07 km/hr respectively along direction D for Arakale road for no congestion to occur.
Development of a Framework for Reduction of Urban Traffic Congestion: Case Study of Akure Central Business District, Nigeria
Research Competency and Satisfaction among the Faculty Members and Administrators of Laguna State Polytechnic University: Basis for Research Competency Initiative Program (Text)
Research Competency and Satisfaction among the Faculty Members and Administrators of Laguna State Polytechnic University: Basis for Research Competency Initiative Program (Other)
HTML Summary of #994 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Research Competency and Satisfaction among the Faculty Members and Administrators of Laguna State Polytechnic University: Basis for Research Competency Initiative Program</epc:when>
A research involving the research competency and satisfaction among faculty members and administrators of Laguna State University (LSPU): basis for research competency initiative Program is described in this paper. The descriptive method of research was employed in this study to gather the necessary data and information on the research competency of faculty and administrators. The purpose of the study is to determine the research competency and satisfaction of the faculty members of LSPU that would be the basis of faculty research competency enhancement and development program. This research intends to determine the respondents’ level of competency in writing research paper in terms of conceptual skill, computational skills, and technical skills. Also, the determination of the level of satisfaction on the facilities/resources provided by the institution to enhance the research capabilities, and to recommend valuable activities for the enhancement of research competency of the university. Findings showed the research administrators of the LSPU are administratively capable of doing research. As to process, the researchers are competent along conceptual skills, moderately competent in computational skills and technical skills. In the level of satisfaction on the facilities/resources, the respondents are looking for more journals, books and other materials as well as training area for in-house and small conferences. The Research Unit, thru the supervision of the VP for Research, should continue to find means and ways to improve the research competency in the college. In addition, the faculty must be provided with the necessary training in communication both in oral and written, as needed in writing a research paper.
Research Competency and Satisfaction among the Faculty Members and Administrators of Laguna State Polytechnic University: Basis for Research Competency Initiative Program
Nutritional Content of Adult Norway Rats for Small Carnivores’ Feeding (Text)
Nutritional Content of Adult Norway Rats for Small Carnivores’ Feeding (Other)
HTML Summary of #678 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Nutritional Content of Adult Norway Rats for Small Carnivores’ Feeding</epc:when>
Rats are the natural diet of many free-ranging carnivores. They are also fed to small carnivore mammals, raptor birds, and reptiles in captivity as a sole or partial diet, however, little is known about the nutrients that a rat can provide as animal feed. This study aimed to determine the nutritional content of the whole captive-bred Norway rats. A total of 12 randomly selected weaned male and female Wistar Norway rats were fed ad libitum with a local dry dog food diet. The rats were weighed weekly until an average weight of 300 g was reached. Biochemical and mineral analyses were carried out for each rat. The results of the study showed significant differences between male and female rats in terms of growth rate, crude protein, total fat, and calcium concentrations. Males presented a faster growth rate and reached the desired weight in around half the time (6 weeks), compared to females (13 weeks). Moreover, males had a higher percentage of crude protein (23.57) on a fed matter basis, calcium (2.61), and phosphorus (0.98). Females showed higher total fat (13.92) and lower crude protein (19.49), calcium (0.54), and phosphorus (0.47), compared to males. The results of this research may be used to determine whether a whole rat can provide all the necessary nutrients to carnivore animals commonly kept in captivity. Psirisn fisniser indicated that rats could provide the necessary nutrients, however, if given as a sole diet, they could not be enough to supply the nutritional requirements of animals in the long term. © 2022
Nutritional Content of Adult Norway Rats for Small Carnivores’ Feeding
The Impact of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as Feed Supplementation on Productive and Physiological Performance of Broiler Chickens (Text)
The Impact of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as Feed Supplementation on Productive and Physiological Performance of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #666 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Impact of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as Feed Supplementation on Productive and Physiological Performance of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
A total of 450 broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used to evaluate the effect of different inclusion levels of a partially black soldier fly (BSF), BSF Powder (BSFP), BSF Puré (BSFPr), and BSF frozen whole larvae (BSFL) on the growth performance, blood parameters, humoral immune response, and intestinal bacterial count of broiler chickens. The chickens were reared from day 1 to 35 and assigned to the control and 9 dietary groups with different forms of BSF (3 replicates per group with 15 chicks). Black soldier fly was included at levels of 2, 4, and 6 for BSFP, BSFPr, and BSFL, respectively, in the starter and growing diets. The results indicated similar body weight, weight gain, and the growth rate in chickens fed 4 BSFP, and 2 BSFPr during the experiment. There was a marked difference in blood parameters due to the different BSF forms and included percentages. The humoral immunity antibody titers against the Newcastle disease virus fluctuated among the experimental groups of different ages. Finally, it could be concluded that the BSF can be incorporated at a level of 4 in the form of powder and Puré in a broiler diet which seemed to be adequate to achieve the favorable results in growth performance, blood parameters, immunity, and bacteriological examination. © 2022. World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
The Impact of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as Feed Supplementation on Productive and Physiological Performance of Broiler Chickens
The Efficiency of Grey Water Treatment by Using Selected Sand Bed Bioreactors in South West Nigeria (Text)
The Efficiency of Grey Water Treatment by Using Selected Sand Bed Bioreactors in South West Nigeria (Other)
HTML Summary of #865 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Efficiency of Grey Water Treatment by Using Selected Sand Bed Bioreactors in South West Nigeria</epc:when>
In drinking or treated water, filtration plays a relevant role in the multi barrier approach used for the removal of pathogens. The presence of suspended solids and other particulate matter in grey water increases the resistance of most microbes to disinfection. These study aimed to determine the most suitable sand that can be utilized in the construction of sand bed bioreactor in grey water treatment. The bioreactor is expected to remove significant amount of grey water physical properties (odor, color, turbidity), physicochemical properties (pH, total solids, total dissolved solids, hardness, Nitrate, Magnesium, etc) and heavy metals (Iron, Cadmium, Chromium, Biological Oxygen Demand or BOD, Chemical Oxygen Demand or COD). Sand samples are collected from four different locations in southwest Nigeria to serve as the filter media in the bioreactor. Soil physical property test is carried out on all sand samples that was collected across southwest. The result of the study showed an improvement in physical property, about 80% improvement in physicochemical property and heavy metals. Eleyele soil sample effectively improved water quality compared to other soil samples.
The Efficiency of Grey Water Treatment by Using Selected Sand Bed Bioreactors in South West Nigeria
Bats and Antibiotic Resistance: A Culprit or a Victim? (Text)
Bats and Antibiotic Resistance: A Culprit or a Victim? (Other)
HTML Summary of #665 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Bats and Antibiotic Resistance: A Culprit or a Victim?</epc:when>
In the last decades, the increase of antimicrobial resistance bacteria has become a concern for public health. Bats’ ability to fly, form colonies for a long lifespan, and inhabit a variety of diverse ecological niches make them successful species in terms of adaptation and distribution on earth. Moreover, these characteristics let them act as the potential natural reservoir of numerous zoonotic pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi). Bat bacteriome knowledge is still very scarce, but a few studies have indicated that bats are hosts of antimicrobial resistance and play an important role in the dispersion of resistance in the environment. Moreover, bats are vulnerable to acquiring these pathogens since they sometimes live in close contact with humans and domestic animals. Therefore, the present study aimed to compile the latest studies that describe the presence of antibiotic-resistant in bats. Based on the papers analyzed for this review, it is possible to conclude that bats are hosts of pathogenic bacteria that carry numerous antibiotic resistance. Extended-spectrum b-lactamases (ESBLs) or Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus which nowadays days are a great public health concern, have already been reported in these animals, with some isolated strains being of Human origin. Although not completely understood regarding the dynamics and transmission routes, bats seem to have an important role in the dissemination and acquisition of antibiotic resistance in the environment. They can be contaminated by bacteria with antibiotic resistance and disperse through the environment. However, they also can be the host of bacteria that carry antibiotic resistance. © 2022. World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Bats and Antibiotic Resistance: A Culprit or a Victim?
Job flexibility as a predictor of organizational commitment (Text)
Job flexibility as a predictor of organizational commitment (Other)
HTML Summary of #993 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Job flexibility as a predictor of organizational commitment</epc:when>
This research was conducted across nine constituent colleges under the Royal University of Bhutan (RUB) with the aim to investigate the influence of job flexibility on the organizational commitment by using explanatory (causal) and inferential research design. From the total of 550 populations, 232 samples were drawn proportionately by using Yamane’s (1967) formula. The structured survey instrument was used to collect the primary data. The four term variables i.e., time, location, amount of work and continuity flexibility were used to measure job flexibility. Similarly, affective, continuance and normative commitment were used to measure organizational commitment. The mean value analysis and also regression analysis were used respectively to study the degree of job flexibility and organizational commitment, and the relationship between them. The amount of work flexibility has a weak but positive relationship with affective commitment (r=158, p<0.05) and continuance commitment (r=283, p<0.05). The findings revealed that respondents have a high degree of affective commitment and a moderate degree of normative and continuance commitment towards the organization. Respondents perceived that they have a moderate degree of time, amount of work and continuity flexibility and a low degree of location flexibility in the organization. It is concluded that job flexibility is not a strong determinant of organizational commitment. This may be because of the intermediating effect of job security between job flexibility and organizational commitment which needs further investigation.
Job flexibility as a predictor of organizational commitment
Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Diarrheic Sheep (Text)
Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Diarrheic Sheep (Other)
HTML Summary of #679 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Diarrheic Sheep</epc:when>
One of the important agents causing gastroenteritis worldwide is Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni). The current study aimed to detect five virulence genes (flaA, virB11, ciaB, iam, and dnaJ) and two antibiotic resistance genes (gyrA and tetO) in C. jejuni obtained from sheep stool. The virulence genes were detected by PCR in 64 C. jejuni strains. The phenotypic resistance to five selected antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin, Gentamycin, Streptomycin, and Tetracycline) was screened with the microdilution method. The isolates with antibiograms were tested for detection of gyrA and tetO genes via PCR using specific primers. The virulence genes flaA (32) and dnaJ (29) had the highest prevalence. The tested isolates of C. jejuni revealed high resistance to both quinolone (68.3) and tetracycline groups (48.4) with an increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance of gyrA and tetO genes. Gentamycin and erythromycin offered better alternative drugs for the treatment of campylobacteriosis. To generalize the findings, extensive profiling that involves more virulence genes is required in several strains of Campylobacter. © 2022
Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Diarrheic Sheep
The Transmission Pattern of Amoebiasis in Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia (Text)
The Transmission Pattern of Amoebiasis in Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia (Other)
HTML Summary of #664 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Transmission Pattern of Amoebiasis in Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia</epc:when>
Amoebiasis is a primarily zoonotic disease, mainly transferred through the fecal-oral route and waterborne. Amoebiasis is still a big challenge for human and animal health and is a major cause of diarrhea in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Therefore, the study was conducted to assess the epidemiology of the disease in humans, dogs, and the occurrence of the parasite in water bodies. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in selected districts of the Bale zone in southeastern Ethiopia. Pet owners were selected randomly. Socio-demographic data were collected using a questionnaire and fecal samples were used to perform microscopic examination. A total of 383 fecal samples of humans, 383 fecal samples of dogs, and 58 water samples were studied from December 2019 to July 2020. Of 383 humans, 179 were males and 186 were females, while 94 individuals were grouped as children younger than 8 years, 164 were grouped as youth within the age range of 8-18 years, and 125 were grouped as adults who were older than 18 years. Of 383 local breeds, dogs were grouped as 87 puppies younger than one year, 192 young dogs with the age range of 1-2 years, and 104 adult dogs who were older than 2 years. Fecal samples were taken from 173 male and 210 female dogs. The water samples were taken randomly from the water sources (river, lake, pond, or water tank) at different sites where dogs and humans can easily contact water to use for different purposes. Of the total samples, 70 humans (18.3), 63 dogs (16.5), and 16 water samples (27.6) were contaminated with the parasite. The major risk factors for the transmissions of parasites were contaminated drinking water, large family size, open-air defecation, and improper handwashing. The present study revealed that the human reservoir was a major risk factor for the spread and transmission of amoebiasis in dogs. The high prevalence of the disease might be due to open-air defecation, unhygienic health practices, domestic animals inside the houses, and using local water bodies as a drinking sourc © 2022. World''s Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved
The Transmission Pattern of Amoebiasis in Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia
Identification of Blood-sucking Flies of Bats in Lombok Island, Indonesia (Text)
Identification of Blood-sucking Flies of Bats in Lombok Island, Indonesia (Other)
HTML Summary of #684 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Identification of Blood-sucking Flies of Bats in Lombok Island, Indonesia</epc:when>
Bats and blood-sucking bat flies have an important role in transmitting several hemoparasites. Bat flies have been identified as vectors transmitting hemoparasites from wild bats. The purpose of the present study was to identify bats and their blood-sucking flies as vectors of hemoparasites in bat caves located at Lombok Island, Indonesia. In the course of the study, a survey was conducted on three bat caves from September to December 2018. The bats were captured by a net trap and the species of bats and bat flies were identified. A total of 66 captured bats were identified as Hipposideros species (n = 28), Eonycteris spelaea (n = 23), and Taphozouss species (n = 15). The blood-sucking flies were identified as Eucampsipoda sundaica on Eonycteris spelaea, and Stylidia cf. euxesta, Brachytarsina species, Raymondia species, and Megastrebla nigriceps on Hipposideros species. The results showed that five species of blood-sucking flies were present in captured bats. The bat and blood-sucking flies can influence the transmission of Polychromophilus species, Babesia species, Plasmodium species, and Trypanosoma species to humans and other hosts. © 2022
Identification of Blood-sucking Flies of Bats in Lombok Island, Indonesia
Diagnosis and Control of Peste des Petits Ruminants Disease in Small Ruminants: A Review (Text)
Diagnosis and Control of Peste des Petits Ruminants Disease in Small Ruminants: A Review (Other)
HTML Summary of #668 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Diagnosis and Control of Peste des Petits Ruminants Disease in Small Ruminants: A Review</epc:when>
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is an acute highly contagious febrile disease of sheep and goats characterized by erosive and necrotizing stomatitis and associated with severe pneumo-enteritis and bronchopneumonia ended by recovery or death. The aim of the present study was to throw light on the diagnosis and control of PPR. Diagnosis of PPR depends on clinical signs, pathological lesions, and specific detection of the viral antigen, viral genome, or specific antibodies by serological tests and nucleic acid-based assays. The most commonly used diagnostic techniques are cell culture isolation, agar gel immunodiffusion, hemagglutination tests, immunocapture ELISA, and competitive ELISA. In addition to the abovementioned techniques, virus neutralization tests and reverse transcriptase PCR are used. Peste des Petits Ruminants is characterized by high fever associated with watery nasal and ocular discharges, mucopurulent stomatitis, and broncho-pneumonia. Moreover, severe bloody diarrhea and the disease associated with high levels of mortality reached up to 90. The diagnosis of viral diseases is important in determining the control strategies. Therefore, it can be concluded that recent diagnostic tools are urgently needed not only for the diagnosis but also for following-up combating programs and control of viral diseases. Early and rapid complete identification of infectious viral agents in small ruminants as well as in the surrounding environment is recommended for effective control of PPR. The control program depends mainly on vaccination, hygiene and sanitation measures, and effective quarantine measures. © 2022. World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Diagnosis and Control of Peste des Petits Ruminants Disease in Small Ruminants: A Review
Forage for Pre-weaning Calves: An Update (Text)
Forage for Pre-weaning Calves: An Update (Other)
HTML Summary of #667 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Forage for Pre-weaning Calves: An Update</epc:when>
Forage nutrition for pre-weaning calves hosts numerous practical questions and on-farm challenges. The present review article aimed to update and address the biological consequences of forage provision to pre-weaned dairy calves. Health, nutrient intake (milk plus solid feed), and rumen development are the most important factors related to calf growth in pre and post-weaning periods. A growing body of evidence suggests that the health and growth performance of dairy calves in the pre-weaning period are associated with their later performance as dairy cows. It seems that starter feeding strategies, including grain type, processing method, feed texture, and forage inclusion during the critical pre-weaning period may have profound effects on rumen function and calf performance. It is well understood that grain fermentation by-products are essential for increased growth and absorptive capacity of the rumen papillae. Forage provision as a part of a starter diet has been a topic of recent research. The rumen pH is the main factor altering the fate of fermentation and eventually animal health. In the pre-weaned calf, two major hypotheses exist regarding forage feeding. The first hypothesis describes that the rumen is not completely developed in pre-weaned calves and forage provision during this period might increase gut fill, and hence, decrease starter intake. It is believed that depressed starter intake may limit energy intake and finally suppress calf growth rate. The second hypothesis indicates that the rumen pH may decline as calves age and starter intake increases. Accordingly, forage inclusion in calf starter diets could prevent further rumen pH decline and subsequent negative consequences while improving starter intake and calf growth. Research data regarding these hypotheses are controversial. Many factors, such as milk feeding method, grain, forage type, and experimental conditions could affect calf responses to dietary forage. The current review focused on the biological consequence of forage provision to young calves to provide a practical framework for better use of forages in pre-weaned calves feeding programs © 2022. World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Forage for Pre-weaning Calves: An Update
The Use of Soft Contact Bandage Lenses for Corneal Ulcer in Dogs and Cats: A Review (Text)
The Use of Soft Contact Bandage Lenses for Corneal Ulcer in Dogs and Cats: A Review (Other)
HTML Summary of #683 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Use of Soft Contact Bandage Lenses for Corneal Ulcer in Dogs and Cats: A Review</epc:when>
A corneal ulcer is the characteristic of the destruction of the corneal epithelium layer and loss of the stroma layer at various depths. At present time, soft bandage contact lenses are used in many countries for corneal ulcers in dogs and cats to protect their cornea, increase contact time with topical eyes solutions, and support corneal reepithelialization. This article aimed to review information on the use of soft contact bandage lenses to treat corneal ulcers in dogs and cats interms of their efficacy and precaution. The results of the present review have revealed that soft contact bandage lenses are used to protect the cornea, enhance contact time with topical eye treatments, reduce median healing time, and provide comfort in dogs and cats with corneal ulcers. In the case of serious infections and dry eyes, soft contact bandage lenses are not recommended. © 2022
The Use of Soft Contact Bandage Lenses for Corneal Ulcer in Dogs and Cats: A Review
Effect of Oral Administration of Honey on Hematobiochemical Parameters of Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis (Text)
Effect of Oral Administration of Honey on Hematobiochemical Parameters of Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis (Other)
HTML Summary of #682 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Oral Administration of Honey on Hematobiochemical Parameters of Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis</epc:when>
Honey from Trigona species is widely used as herbal medicine in humans due to its antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects as well as the potential to increase body resistance and boost blood formation. The current study aimed to determine the hemato-biochemical profile of dogs with atopic dermatitis treated with Trigona honey. The hematology profile included the measurement of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte index, as well as blood biochemical parameters, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and blood sugar. A total of 12 local dogs aged 4 months old were divided into two treatment groups, namely the control group (G1) and treatment with liquid Trigona honey at a dosage of 5 ml/dog/day (G2) for 35 days. Then, blood was collected and tested for routine and chemical blood assay. The results showed that the administration of fresh Trigona honey (5 ml/day for 5 weeks) exhibited a significant increase in most of hematological variables of dogs with atopic dermatitis, compared to G1. The results of blood biochemical profiles (AST, ALT, and blood glucose) remained unaffected by the treatment of Trigona honey. It can be concluded that honey from Trigona spp. was safe to be given to the dogs with dermatitis and no adverse physiological effects were observed during the present study. © 2022
Effect of Oral Administration of Honey on Hematobiochemical Parameters of Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis
Study on Compressive of Plypropylene Fibre Concrete at Abnormally Hight Temperature (Text)
Study on Compressive of Plypropylene Fibre Concrete at Abnormally Hight Temperature (Other)
HTML Summary of #866 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Study on Compressive of Plypropylene Fibre Concrete at Abnormally Hight Temperature</epc:when>
The concrete structures will absorb temperature when it is exposed to fire or explosion incident. Depending on the period of time of the absorbtion process, its’ temperature could reach over a few hundreds to less than a thousand degrees Celsius, this abnormally high temperature could affect negatively on its. Assessing the bearing capacity of the concrete after the accident is necessary for the structure’s safety. This article investigated the compressive strength of two types of concrete (polypropylene fiber concrete and plain concrete – control concrete) that are burned in conditions at three temperature levels (500oC, 700oC, 900oC) and during three periods of burning time (60', 120', 180'). The research results showed that: the fire incidents affected seriously on the compressive strength of both types of concrete; the greatest decrease of the compressive strength is about 70%; the compressive strength of polypropylene fiber concrete decreases with a rate higher than that of ordinary concrete, but their values are not much different
Study on Compressive of Plypropylene Fibre Concrete at Abnormally Hight Temperature
Parascaris equorum in Horses of Payakumbuh City, West Sumatra, Indonesia (Text)
Parascaris equorum in Horses of Payakumbuh City, West Sumatra, Indonesia (Other)
HTML Summary of #680 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Parascaris equorum in Horses of Payakumbuh City, West Sumatra, Indonesia</epc:when>
Parascaris equorum is a species of the Ascarididae family which belongs to the phylum nematoda (roundworms) and is a type of parasite that affects equine health, performance, and production. The current study was carried out from April to August 2021 to determine the prevalence of equine Parascaris equorum in horses residing in Payakumbuh City, Indonesia. A total number of 128 fecal samples from horses were examined in the current study. Coprological examination was performed for the detection of Parascaris equorum eggs inside the amassed samples. The overall occurrence of Parascaris equorum was 14.06 (18 out of 128). The prevalence rates of sub-districts differed with the highest in East at 18.18 (8/44), followed by North, South, and West at 16.66 (6/36), 14.06 (2/22), and 7.7 (2/26), respectively. The obtained results indicated a significant difference in the prevalence rate of Parascaris equorum between males and females as well as those horses aged<5 years (26.22) and > 5 years (3). Therefore, it is critical to not only enhance horse health management, maintenance, and health but also to provide anti-parasitic medications on a regular basis. © 2022
Parascaris equorum in Horses of Payakumbuh City, West Sumatra, Indonesia
The iconography of Saint Denis in early French Gothic architecture (Text)
The iconography of Saint Denis in early French Gothic architecture (Other)
HTML Summary of #1024 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The iconography of Saint Denis in early French Gothic architecture</epc:when>
Of the many sculptures on the facades of cathedrals and churches all over France, the curious Head-carriers, also known as Cephalophores, are arguably some of the most thought-provoking sculptural pieces one will come across. This study is concerned mainly with the iconography of St Denis, the first Bishop of France, as articulated on the portals of the Basilica of St-Denis. The events that followed immediately after Denis’ martyrdom by decapitation is mostly regarded as mere fable. Consequently, the symbolic meaning of the unusual movement has evaded scholarship. This work will discuss the symbolism of the Head-carriers and the meaning it gives to the architectural space of the Basilica of St Denis. This study argues that the emblematic ideology behind the sublime interaction between the living and the dead in the Basilica of St Denis, epitomised by the statue of the martyr, is a visual representation of a central message in Christianity which presents death, not as the end, but as a transitory and glorious beginning of oneness with Christ. Through critical visual analysis and metaphysical discussions, the study places Gothic art and architecture in the centre of the enunciation of 16th century Christian doctrine.
The iconography of Saint Denis in early French Gothic architecture
Designing Sangalj neighborhood of Tehran using the revitalization approach (Text)
Designing Sangalj neighborhood of Tehran using the revitalization approach (Other)
HTML Summary of #1027 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Designing Sangalj neighborhood of Tehran using the revitalization approach</epc:when>
The main goal of this research was to compile the design framework of Sangalj neighborhood inside Tehran, Iran using the revitalization approach. The research method of this research is descriptive-analytical in terms of the theoretical-applicative goal and in terms of the field method. To collect the required information and data, document reviews, library studies, and field studies are used, and the tools needed to collect and analyze information are questionnaires, interviews, field observations and observations, information and documents of extra-hand plans. and satellite images. In the analysis and evaluation section, considering that each of the extracted indicators do not have the same importance for the revitalization of urban spaces; Therefore, it is necessary to measure their importance relative to each other and finally apply this measurement in the context of Sangalaj neighborhood. After identifying and investigating a passage in the neighborhood, analyzing each building and passages and its constituent parts, presenting its policies and strategies with the possibility of desirable revitalization based on the social, cultural, economic, physical structure, and attracting participation People can re-realize the historical identity of Sangalj neighborhood and achieve a sustainable development in the direction of a lively neighborhood by preserving its historical identity.
Designing Sangalj neighborhood of Tehran using the revitalization approach
Suggestions and regulations for designing, planning and constructing industrial parks, a case study of Vietnam (Text)
Suggestions and regulations for designing, planning and constructing industrial parks, a case study of Vietnam (Other)
HTML Summary of #1026 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Suggestions and regulations for designing, planning and constructing industrial parks, a case study of Vietnam</epc:when>
On the basis of experiences in designing, planning and constructing industrial zones in Vietnam, this paper aimed to give some suggestions and regulations for designing. The study used the qualititative method with synthesis and explanatory methods. Resources usage and environmental protection are more effective, while maximal economic and social benefits are simultaneously targeted. A concept of developing eco-industrial parks has established and evolved through time, and planning and constructing industrial zones based on current regulations in the nation. As a result, researches stated that we need to pay attention to network cloud service, big data service and investment management and meet some standards such as 100% of newly built industrial clusters have wastewater treatment stations that meet relevant national standards or technical regulations, etc. as well as certain principles such as 3R (Recycle, Reduce, Reuse). Operation services should include: cloud-based service operation providing basic cloud rental services, such as cloud hosting, cloud desktop, cloud disk, virtual data center, container services, collaborative development and Open API; SaaS Operation Service; APP Store; and space operation service to make full use of digital showrooms and free space resources, providing reservation and rental services, and demonstration services.
Suggestions and regulations for designing, planning and constructing industrial parks, a case study of Vietnam
Designing and constructing universities with lecture hall and relevant regulations (Text)
Designing and constructing universities with lecture hall and relevant regulations (Other)
HTML Summary of #1025 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Designing and constructing universities with lecture hall and relevant regulations</epc:when>
Meyer et al. stated that personal qualities and abilities continually shift, and they exist not within the individual but in the intersection between the individual and their environment, in a vast, complex, ever-changing dynamic balance. The current study aims to investigate current regulations in the country related to constructing universities and also refer to related studies and framework, by using qualitative analysis, synthesis and inductive methods. The study results suggest that physical structures of universities and environment affecting much on learning spirit of learners. And finally authors suggest that Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a framework for designing flexible instructional environments and proactively integrating supports that address learner variability and we need to follow Vietnamese standards - TCVN 3981:1985 on design of university lecture halls.
Designing and constructing universities with lecture hall and relevant regulations
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC FEATURES OF INDIGENOUS CHICKEN IN SOUTHWEST ETHIOPIA (Text)
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC FEATURES OF INDIGENOUS CHICKEN IN SOUTHWEST ETHIOPIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #624 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC FEATURES OF INDIGENOUS CHICKEN IN SOUTHWEST ETHIOPIA</epc:when>
Morphological and morphometric characterization of indigenous chicken ecotypes were carried out in West-Omo zone of Southwest Ethiopia. Nine qualitative and fifteen quantitative traits were observed/ measured from 660 matured chickens of both sexes. The data was analysed using SPSS version 21 and SAS version 9.1. Majority of the qualitative and quantitative traits were significantly influenced by sex and agro-ecological zones. The predominant plumage color, feather distribution, shank color, skin color, ear-lobe color, eye color, head shape, comb type, and feather morphology were red (38.4%), normal (96.2%), yellow (45%), white (48.8%), red (42.1%), red (28.6%), flat plain (94.4%), single (64.7%) and normal (100%). The body weight of matured male chickens in highland, mid-altitude and lowland agro-ecologies was 2.1±0.02 kg, 2.2±0.05 kg, and 2.0±0.03 kg, respectively, while females weighed 1.4±0.01 kg, 1.5±0.00 kg, and 1.4±0.01 kg in highland, mid-altitude, and lowland agro-ecologies, respectively. Males were also superior to females in terms of body length (BL) values of 42.0 ± 0.19cm and 37.7 ± 0.06cm, respectively. The prediction of body weight could be based on regression equation y = -1.02 + 0.10 CC (chest circumference) for male and y= -1.26 + 0.07BL of hen in highland altitude, y = -1.06+ 0.11 CC of male and y= -0.78+ 0.05 BL of hen in mid-altitude and similarly y = -0.90 +0.10 CC in lowland male and y= -1.33 + 0.07 BL of lowland hen. Therefore, chest circumference for males and body length for females were the best variables to predict the body weight of chickens than other variables. The current finding shows there was heterogeneity in a population of indigenous chickens in the studied agro-ecology. This gives an opportunity for genetic improvement of indigenous chickens within a population.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC FEATURES OF INDIGENOUS CHICKEN IN SOUTHWEST ETHIOPIA
THE EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTED DRIED FENNEL AND ROSEMARY ON THE PERFORMANCE AND CAECAL MICROFLORA OF GROWING RABBITS (Text)
THE EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTED DRIED FENNEL AND ROSEMARY ON THE PERFORMANCE AND CAECAL MICROFLORA OF GROWING RABBITS (Other)
HTML Summary of #626 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">THE EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTED DRIED FENNEL AND ROSEMARY ON THE PERFORMANCE AND CAECAL MICROFLORA OF GROWING RABBITS</epc:when>
The objective of this study is to evaluate the possible effect of fennel and rosemary dietary supplements on the performance of rabbits. Therefore fifty-six weaned rabbits (40 days old) from white New Zealand breed were divided into two groups and submitted to the following dietary treatments: A) control diet and B) FR diet consisted of 2.5% Foeniculum vulgare seeds (fennel) and Rosmarinus officinalis leaves (Rosmary) as powder mixed by control diet for thirty days. The growth rate, feed conversion ratio, carcass yield, and mortality were not influenced by dietary fennel and rosemary supplementation. The antimicrobial effect of fennel and rosemary (2.5%) was not observed against E. coli in the caecum of the rabbit treated. The essential oils of Foeniculum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis are predominantly composed by Trans Anethole and 1-8 cineole successively. Low antibacterial activity was observed with two essential oils against the strain tested in this study. The addition of the 2.5% combination of fennel and rosemary in rabbit feed did not influence the zootechnical parameters of the rabbits
THE EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTED DRIED FENNEL AND ROSEMARY ON THE PERFORMANCE AND CAECAL MICROFLORA OF GROWING RABBITS
EVALUATION OF AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF MATURE COCONUT WATER SUPPLEMENTS ON Cyrtosperma merkusii ROOT MEAL INCLUDED DIETS FOR BROILER CHICKENS (Text)
EVALUATION OF AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF MATURE COCONUT WATER SUPPLEMENTS ON Cyrtosperma merkusii ROOT MEAL INCLUDED DIETS FOR BROILER CHICKENS (Other)
HTML Summary of #629 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EVALUATION OF AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF MATURE COCONUT WATER SUPPLEMENTS ON Cyrtosperma merkusii ROOT MEAL INCLUDED DIETS FOR BROILER CHICKENS</epc:when>
The simultaneous degradation of essential nutrients is the major drawback in detoxifying anti-nutrient toxic substances of root meal-based diets. An ameliorative dietary supplement for root meal-based diets without undergoing thorough detoxification is proposed. Therefore, this trial aims to determine the effects of mature coconut water (MCW) against the anti-nutritional factors (ANF)-containing C. merkusii root meal diet on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and organoleptic traits of broiler chickens. Cobb 500 (n=160) day-old (male) grouped into the standard diet (commercial maize-soybean) or ANF (15% raw C. merkusii + 85% commercial maize-soybean) diet group, and the birds every group further allocated into 0, 5, 10, and 15% MCW water treatment groups (n=5) with four replications. The trial lasted for 20 D (8 to 28 D of age). In the ANF diet, treatment with MCW significantly differs on feed conversion ratio (FCR). The 5-15% MCW treated chickens were more feed-efficient than the 0% MCW treatment. MCW treatments were not significant on body weight, weight gain, survival, carcass component, and organoleptic traits of broiler chickens under the standard or the ANF diets. However, significant diet*water interactions were observed on BW and dress weight, and significant gizzard weight due to diets. In general, the improved FCR may be the ameliorative effect of mature coconut water against ANF on raw C. merkusii root meal inclusion (15% + 85%) in the standard diets.
EVALUATION OF AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF MATURE COCONUT WATER SUPPLEMENTS ON Cyrtosperma merkusii ROOT MEAL INCLUDED DIETS FOR BROILER CHICKENS
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS SOURCES ON IN VITRO FERMENTABILITY AND DIGESTIBILITY OF RATION IN DAIRY CATTLE (Text)
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS SOURCES ON IN VITRO FERMENTABILITY AND DIGESTIBILITY OF RATION IN DAIRY CATTLE (Other)
HTML Summary of #630 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF DIFFERENT UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS SOURCES ON IN VITRO FERMENTABILITY AND DIGESTIBILITY OF RATION IN DAIRY CATTLE</epc:when>
Supplementation of oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) such as canola, soybean, and palm oils improved the quality of milk fatty acids. However, the unprotected unsaturated oil might impair rumen fermentation, feed, and fiber digestibility. A study was conducted to determine the best type of oil supplementation (factor A) including canola (A1), soybean (A2), or palm (A3) and level oil supplementation (factor B) including B0 = 0%, B1 = 1%, B2 = 2% or B3 = 3%) on the in-vitro feed fermentation and digestibility. The study used a 3 x 4 factorial block design. Two-stages were used to measure the pH, ammonia (NH3), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), protozoal number, dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber (ADFD) digestibility. The results showed that oil type did not significantly influence the fermentability (pH, NH3, VFAs, and protozoa) and feed's digestibility (DMD, OMD, NDFD, and ADFD) but oil level influence the fermentability and digestibility significantly. In addition, an increase above 1% in oil levels reduced protein fermentability, protozoal number, DMD, and OMD, but increased VFA. It is concluded that the addition of unprotected canola, soybean, or palm oil in dairy cattle ration could be applied in a concentration not more than 1%. Keywords: Canola oil, Milk fatty acid, Palm oil, Ration, Soybean oil.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS SOURCES ON IN VITRO FERMENTABILITY AND DIGESTIBILITY OF RATION IN DAIRY CATTLE
AVIAN BORDETELLOSIS: A SIGNIFICANT BACTERIAL RESPIRATORY DISEASE OF TURKEYS (Meleagris gallopavo) (Text)
AVIAN BORDETELLOSIS: A SIGNIFICANT BACTERIAL RESPIRATORY DISEASE OF TURKEYS (Meleagris gallopavo) (Other)
HTML Summary of #631 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">AVIAN BORDETELLOSIS: A SIGNIFICANT BACTERIAL RESPIRATORY DISEASE OF TURKEYS (Meleagris gallopavo)</epc:when>
This review was designed to spotlight on avian bordetellosis regarding the bacterium pathogenesis, susceptibility, transmission, pathology, laboratory diagnosis, and prevention and control measures. Bordetellosis (moreover called turkey coryza) is a contagious bacterial upper respiratory disease of poultry, especially turkey poults. The disease is characterized by high morbidity and low mortality with terrible economic losses for turkeys industry. Bordetellosis is caused by Bordetella avium (B. avium) bacterium which colonizes and destructs the cilia of the respiratory tract. Concurrent infection during bordetellosis outbreaks is common and contributes to the poor performance of B. avium-infected flocks. Domesticated and wild birds are susceptible to bordetellosis. All ages can get infection with bordetellosis, however, young ages are more susceptible than adult. Infection and transmission of B. avium occurs through aerosol, water, and reservoirs, but not vertically. The clinical picture of bordetellosis is usually upper respiratory, except in complications with other bacteria or stressors, the infection extends to the lower respiratory tract. The bacterium is isolated aerobically on 10% sheep blood agar and appears as Gram negative bacilli. Endotoxin, tracheal cytotoxin, heat-labile dermonecrotic toxin, and osteotoxin are produced by B. avium. Antibiotic treatment of B. avium shows variable results and it is usually ineffective. Different types of living and inactivated vaccines are used to prevent bordetellosis.
AVIAN BORDETELLOSIS: A SIGNIFICANT BACTERIAL RESPIRATORY DISEASE OF TURKEYS (Meleagris gallopavo)
ZOO-TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE OF INDIGENOUS DAIRY COWS UNDER SMALL HOLDER FARMERS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN HAWELLA-TULLA DISTRICT, ETHIOPIA (Text)
ZOO-TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE OF INDIGENOUS DAIRY COWS UNDER SMALL HOLDER FARMERS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN HAWELLA-TULLA DISTRICT, ETHIOPIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #633 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">ZOO-TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE OF INDIGENOUS DAIRY COWS UNDER SMALL HOLDER FARMERS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN HAWELLA-TULLA DISTRICT, ETHIOPIA</epc:when>
Ethiopia's dairy production system is predominantly extensive, with poor cattle performance constrained by a variety of factors such as poor genetics, low reproductive performance, and poor quality of feed, among others. So far, little work aimed at increasing dairy production has been undertaken. The objective of the study was to characterize the zoo-technical performance of indigenous dairy cows under small holder farmer management system. The study was undertaken in Hawella-Tulla district, Sidama Region; Sothern Ethiopia from November 2020 to March 2021. From three peasant associations (PA), 180 smallholder dairy farmers who owned local cows were selected using a simple random selection technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The majority of farmers (75%) practiced in mixed crop-livestock farming primarily produce milk for income generation. Farmers hold an average of 1.95±0.063 local lactating cows. The productive performance of the indigenous cow mean of daily milk yield was 1.53±0.09 liters and 6.5±0.89 months of lactation length. The mean age at first service (AFS) was 38.5 ± 2.71 months, Age at first calving (AFC) was 45.3±2.82 months, calving interval (CI) was 20.08±0.9 months, and number of services per conception (NSPC) was 2.5 ±0.63. It can be concluded that the zoo-technical performance of local cows was very low. Therefore, planned technical and institutional intervention to improve the feeding system, provide better health management, genetic improvement of local breeds through crossbreeding and synchronization should be carried out for the betterment performance of local cows.
ZOO-TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE OF INDIGENOUS DAIRY COWS UNDER SMALL HOLDER FARMERS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN HAWELLA-TULLA DISTRICT, ETHIOPIA
MOLYBDENUM SUPPLEMENTATION OF FAT-TAILED EWES DIETS IN AN ARID REGION (Text)
MOLYBDENUM SUPPLEMENTATION OF FAT-TAILED EWES DIETS IN AN ARID REGION (Other)
HTML Summary of #635 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">MOLYBDENUM SUPPLEMENTATION OF FAT-TAILED EWES DIETS IN AN ARID REGION</epc:when>
The study aimed to establish the normal molybdenum requirements for open ewes of meat-and-fat breeds in arid climatic conditions. The study was carried out in the production conditions of the Buddha farm of the Republic of Kalmykia (Russia). The norm has been established based on a detailed study of the molybdenum content in organs and tissues and the degree of its absorption from the diet, considering the endogenous losses. It has been established that the norm of molybdenum is 4.5 mg per head per day, 2.8 mg per 1 kg of dry matter of the diet and 0.80 mg per 1 kg of live weight of a single ewe. Recommendations have been made to solve the problem of molybdenum deficiency in the diet of open ewes of meat-and-fat breeds in arid climatic conditions of Republic of Kalmykia.
MOLYBDENUM SUPPLEMENTATION OF FAT-TAILED EWES DIETS IN AN ARID REGION
TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF BEEKEEPING IN ERER ZONE OF SOMALI REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA (Text)
TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF BEEKEEPING IN ERER ZONE OF SOMALI REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #878 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF BEEKEEPING IN ERER ZONE OF SOMALI REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA</epc:when>
The study was carried out in Erer zone, Somali Region of Ethiopia, to assess beekeeping practices and production. A total of 156 respondents were selected randomly from two purposively selected localities based on beekeeping potential and interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire. The study revealed the majority of the respondents (85.9) practiced traditional beekeeping system and hung their hives on trees away from the homestead in dense forest. The honeybee flora of the area consists mostly of nectar and pollen-producing trees and shrubs including Grewia tenax, Grewia penicillata, Acaciamellifera, Acaciareficiens, Acaciatortilis, Acaciasenegal, and Acaciahorrida. The average honey yield from traditional beehives was 4.85 kg, which is less than the national average yield (5 kg). The average honey yield from modern beehives, on the other hand, was 7.29 kg which is lower the amount obtained from other parts of the country. The major constraints of beekeeping are the high cost of modern hives and accessories, pests and predators of honey bees, water scarcity, shortage of bee forage, bee absconding and marketing. Birds, ants, spiders, wax moth, mice, lizards, and honey badgers were identified as the major honeybee pests and predators based on beekeeper responses. Pests and predators (37.8), destroying nests during honey harvesting (26.9), water scarcity (21.2), and shortage of bee forage (14.1) were the most common reasons for honeybee absconding. Beekeeping production remains low due to these constraints and traditional practices in the area. However, there is enormous potential and opportunity to increase honeybee production in the area. To improve the quantity and quality of honey yield in the area, significant extension and technical intervention, use of locally available beekeeping technologies, appropriate measures to manage honeybee pests and absconding, and training to enrich beekeepers' knowledge are necessary to be implemented. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF BEEKEEPING IN ERER ZONE OF SOMALI REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FEEDING LEVELS AND ADEQUACY ON THE MEAT QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY PERFORMANCE OF CROSS-BRED BULLS (Text)
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FEEDING LEVELS AND ADEQUACY ON THE MEAT QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY PERFORMANCE OF CROSS-BRED BULLS (Other)
HTML Summary of #654 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FEEDING LEVELS AND ADEQUACY ON THE MEAT QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY PERFORMANCE OF CROSS-BRED BULLS</epc:when>
The study aimed to determine the effect of the level and adequacy of feeding on the dynamics of live weight and meat productivity of Simmental × Holstein bulls with a close blood relationship (87.5%) for the Holstein breed. Three groups of bulls with 87.5% Holstein heredity in the genotype were formed, out of which two groups were experimental and one group served as a control group. The bulls of the control group received a diet compiled according to detailed standards, and their analogs from the experimental groups had a diet exceeding the norm by 10 and 20% respectively. During the entire growing period, the bulls of the 1st experimental group consumed 3,564 energetic feed units and 362.5 kg of digestible protein, the 2nd consumed 3,875 and 394.3 kg, and the control group 3,245 and 329.9 kg, respectively. In terms of carcass yield, bulls of the first and second experimental groups outperformed the ones from the control group by 2.41 and 3.92%. With an increase in the level of feeding in experimental bulls, fat deposition accelerated; thus, the meat of bulls of the experimental groups contained 2.13% and 2.54% more fat than in animals of the control group. At the same time, the protein content in the meat of experimental bulls decreased by 0.15 and 0.22% in comparison with the control group. The energy value of 1 kg of meat of experimental bulls was higher by 0.77-0.90 MJ. It can be concluded that a possible increase in the meat productivity of bulls-crossbreeds of the Holstein breed with a close blood relationship and the determination of planned indicators of animal growth should be taken into account when developing breeding programs.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FEEDING LEVELS AND ADEQUACY ON THE MEAT QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY PERFORMANCE OF CROSS-BRED BULLS
Microbiological Evaluation and Molecular Discrimination of Milk Samples from Humans and Different Animals (Text)
Microbiological Evaluation and Molecular Discrimination of Milk Samples from Humans and Different Animals (Other)
HTML Summary of #691 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Microbiological Evaluation and Molecular Discrimination of Milk Samples from Humans and Different Animals</epc:when>
Milk is a highly nutritious food and it is important to be free of any pathogenic microbes that could be transmitted to humans and affect public health. A total of 145 milk samples were collected from humans and different animal species (cow, buffalo, ewe, goat, camel, mare, and donkey) and underwent physical examination (color, odor, and taste), chemical analysis for its components (water, total salt, fat, protein, lactose, and ash), and finally microbiological (bacteriological and mycological) examinations. Standard plate count, preliminary incubation count, lab pasteurized count, coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus species, Salmonella species, yeast, and mold counts were measured. PCR test was performed to differentiate milk from different sources (animals and humans) by producing a specific band for each milk type. The results of the physical examination of different kinds of milk showed different grades of white color with the characteristic odor and taste of each milk type. Chemical examination revealed that the highest water content was in donkey milk and the lowest was in buffalo milk while total solids indicated the highest content in sheep milk and the lowest in donkey milk. The microbiological analysis presented that the standard plate count results were the highest in the milk obtained from sheep and camel, while donkey milk was the least in this regard. Yeast counts were the highest in buffalo milk but cow milk was the highest in mold counts. PCR results of milk types using species-specific primers and DNA template extracted from milk somatic cells revealed a specific band for each milk type as 157, 195, 225, 242, 274, and 711 base pair (bp) for goat, human, sheep, buffalo, cattle milk, and camel milk, respectively. It was concluded that more restrictions must be applied to decrease milk contamination as high microbial counts detected in the present study can affect milk quality, public health, and the dairy industry. PCR used in the current work for milk discrimination used milk somatic cells specifically mitochondrial cytochrome b gene which exhibited high specificity in the PCR reactions and this could be served as a cheap and simple method, compared to other types of PCR. © 2022. All Rights Reserved.
Microbiological Evaluation and Molecular Discrimination of Milk Samples from Humans and Different Animals
Heterogeneity of Yersinia ruckeri Isolated from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Infected with Enteric Red Mouth Disease (Text)
Heterogeneity of Yersinia ruckeri Isolated from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Infected with Enteric Red Mouth Disease (Other)
HTML Summary of #690 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Heterogeneity of Yersinia ruckeri Isolated from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Infected with Enteric Red Mouth Disease</epc:when>
Regarding the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance as a global menace, typing procedures are of great importance in epidemiological surveys. In the current study, interspecies differences of Yersinia ruckeri (Y. ruckeri) isolates were detected by antimicrobial susceptibility profiling and molecular traits to determine the relationship between isolates. The current study was conducted on 27 Y. ruckeri isolates collected from 40 infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with clinical enteric red mouth disease in Mashhad, Iran. Interspecies differences of all isolates were detected by antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using disk diffusion method, Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic PCR (REP-PCR), Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR), and Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA PCR (RAPD-PCR) to determine the relationship between isolates. Simpson's diversity index was calculated for each typing technique. The most phenotype resistant was against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and lincomycin. Furthermore, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin showed the highest activity (100) against isolates. According to the results, the highest diversity index was observed in the REP-PCR method (D = 0.91). In conclusion, REP-PCR can be a powerful technique for epidemiological studies. © 2022. All Rights Reserved.
Heterogeneity of Yersinia ruckeri Isolated from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Infected with Enteric Red Mouth Disease
The Impact of Camel Leukocytes Fixation on Cell Count and Monoclonal Antibodies Reactivity in Flow Cytometry (Text)
The Impact of Camel Leukocytes Fixation on Cell Count and Monoclonal Antibodies Reactivity in Flow Cytometry (Other)
HTML Summary of #676 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Impact of Camel Leukocytes Fixation on Cell Count and Monoclonal Antibodies Reactivity in Flow Cytometry</epc:when>
Immunophenotyping of separated leukocytes is a common technique used to evaluate the changes in cellular immunity during clinical studies. For fixed cells or blood specimens infected with hazardous pathogens, cell fixation is performed before immunofluorescence. The impact of camel leukocytes fixation before staining on the reactivity of cell surface markers with monoclonal antibodies has not been investigated so far. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to compare cell staining of fixed and unfixed camel leukocytes with monoclonal antibodies to several cell surface antigens. Leukocytes were separated from camel blood and were fixed with paraformaldehyde (PFA) or left without fixation. Cells were labeled with monoclonal antibodies to several leukocyte antigens and the expression pattern of the antigens was compared between fixed and non-fixed cells using flow cytometry. The mean fluorescence intensity of each cell marker was calculated and compared between fixed and unfixed cells. Leukocyte fixation with PFA changed the binding activity of the monoclonal antibodies to CD163 and WC1 markedly, making it unable to stain any cell population. Although the cell staining efficacy of other molecules (such as CD14, CD172a, MHCII, CD11a, CD18, CD44, and CD45) was reduced, they were still able to define the target cells. The fixation-induced changes in the expression density of the analyzed monocytic markers may, however, lead to the misinterpretation of immunophenotyping studies of fixed monocytes or macrophages. Collectively, the obtained results indicated significant changes in the staining efficacy of monoclonal antibodies against several cell surface antigens of camel leukocytes, which should be considered when PFA-fixed cellular targets on camel leukocytes are to be analyzed. © 2022, World’s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
The Impact of Camel Leukocytes Fixation on Cell Count and Monoclonal Antibodies Reactivity in Flow Cytometry
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF PHYTO-ANTIOXIDANT (BAOBAB FRUIT PULP MEAL) ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RABBIT DOES DURING HEAT STRESS (Text)
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF PHYTO-ANTIOXIDANT (BAOBAB FRUIT PULP MEAL) ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RABBIT DOES DURING HEAT STRESS (Other)
HTML Summary of #620 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF PHYTO-ANTIOXIDANT (BAOBAB FRUIT PULP MEAL) ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RABBIT DOES DURING HEAT STRESS</epc:when>
A study was conducted to evaluate the influence of a phyto-antioxidant (baobab fruit pulp meal; BFPM) on the reproductive performance of heat-stressed rabbits does. A total of 50 New Zealand White crosses adult rabbit does of 12 months old were used in the present study. The rabbits were randomly allotted into five experimental treatment groups, with ten rabbits per treatment in a completely randomized design. The rabbits were fed diets supplemented with graded levels (0.0%, 2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5% and 5.5%) of BFPM. Parameters monitored were thyroxin and progesterone secretion, serum metabolites, reproductive traits, and physiological performance of the kitten. Initial thyroxin, progesterone, and serum metabolite levels were low in all the treatment groups, and significantly increased during and after pregnancy. BFPM significantly improved litter size and weight of litter and reduced rectal temperature of the kitten. Gestation period, kit weight at weaning, weight gain, and heart rates of kitten did not show any significant difference. It was concluded that reproductive performance of does during heat stress is enhanced by the supplementation of phyto-antioxidants and performance was higher in 5.5% inclusion level of BFPM.
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF PHYTO-ANTIOXIDANT (BAOBAB FRUIT PULP MEAL) ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RABBIT DOES DURING HEAT STRESS
COVID-19 pandemic: the case of Laguna state polytechnic university community response (Text)
COVID-19 pandemic: the case of Laguna state polytechnic university community response (Other)
HTML Summary of #992 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">COVID-19 pandemic: the case of Laguna state polytechnic university community response</epc:when>
While there are limited vaccine to prevent the coronavirus disease, chairperson of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) also asked students and personnel to strictly follow recommended preventive actions to avoid being exposed to the virus and to prevent its spread, such as avoiding close contact with people who are sick, staying home when sick, covering mouth and nose when sneezing, cleaning and disinfecting frequently used objects, and sanitizing hands regularly. The CHED chairman added that tertiary institutions must ensure that there are adequate safeguards within the campus such as hand sanitizers and information tools such as tarpaulins showing preventive measures to take against the disease. This study specifically, intends to describe the level of responsiveness of Laguna State Polytechnic University (LSPU) in coronavirus (COVID -19) pandemic which includes: the planning phase, enhanced communication due to reports of effective human-to-human disease transmission, social distancing, pandemic period, and management of pandemic cases. Also, this research tends to develop a resulting plan outlines departments, activities, and resources that are necessity in the milestone decisions. This research also undertakes the important task of measuring the economic and social importance of different social distancing and pharmaceutical interventions that are normally adopted by the public health officials and private citizens in an effort to fight COVID-19 pandemic. These interventions may include social distancing, a prioritized governmental distribution of vaccines and antiviral medications, and pharmaceutical consumption in the private sector. Individuals may possess strong private incentives to avoid the disease, and are willing to self- impose social distancing measures. Traditional models in epidemiology and economics focus on the prevalence of the disease. Result of this study showed that LSPU promptly responded to the pandemic by going online. In record time, the administrators, staff, as well as the students moved from physical spaces that provided them with much social interactions. LSPU shift to online platforms happened and mainly driven by the academic needs of the whole academic community and had digital learning platforms in place, and the means to operate, for the continuous education of the students. As the situation continuous to develop, the administrators are taking active role in addressing both the immediate and long-term challenges related to the outbreak. The LSPU community initializing to help students with lack of access to internet connection by proving E-Bus that are deployed to different part of the community.
COVID-19 pandemic: the case of Laguna state polytechnic university community response
Evaluation of Histopathological Changes in Cantang Groupers’ Brain and Gill Infected with Streptococcus Iniae (Text)
Evaluation of Histopathological Changes in Cantang Groupers’ Brain and Gill Infected with Streptococcus Iniae (Other)
HTML Summary of #687 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Evaluation of Histopathological Changes in Cantang Groupers’ Brain and Gill Infected with Streptococcus Iniae</epc:when>
Cantang hybrid grouper is the result of hybridization between female Macan grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and male Kertang grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus). Hybrid fish have better performance in terms of growth, resistance to diseases, and tolerance to environmental factors, compared to the parents. One of the diseases that can attack fish is an infection induced by Streptococcus iniae (S. iniae), which is quite a dangerous bacterium since it can cause mass death of fish. The present study aimed to investigate the pathological changes of the brain and gill of Cantang hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and Epinephelus lanceolatus) infected with S. iniae. A total of 180 groupers from the Management Unit of Brackish Water Aquaculture, Situbondo, Indonesia, were included in the current study with a length of 7 cm. The experimental study was conducted using a complete randomized design, including three treatments and three repetitions for each one (n = 20). The main parameters to observe the histopathological changes in the fish internal organs, namely the gill and the brain at the beginning and the end of the study. Moreover, the supporting parameter was the water quality which included the temperature, oxygen content, pH, and salinity. Several observations including the pathogenicity test, Lethal Dosage 50 test, observation of clinical symptoms, and observation of histopathology were done during the treatment. The obtained results were indicative of the histopathology damages in the brain and gill tissues of the Cantag hybrid groupers infected with S. iniae. Different scores of lesions, infiltration, congestion, and degeneration were indicated in the brain tissue. Furthermore, the gill damages consisted of hyperemia, congestion, and infiltration. In conclusion, Cantang hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and Epinephelus lanceolatus) infected with S. iniae indicated the clinical symptoms, anatomical pathology, and histopathological changes. © 2022. World''s Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved
Evaluation of Histopathological Changes in Cantang Groupers’ Brain and Gill Infected with Streptococcus Iniae
NEW METHODS FOR DETOXIFICATION OF HEAVY METALS AND MYCOTOXINS IN DAIRY COWS (Text)
NEW METHODS FOR DETOXIFICATION OF HEAVY METALS AND MYCOTOXINS IN DAIRY COWS (Other)
HTML Summary of #625 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">NEW METHODS FOR DETOXIFICATION OF HEAVY METALS AND MYCOTOXINS IN DAIRY COWS</epc:when>
Among the many environmental and industrial factors that adversely affect the soil, the pollution with heavy metals and mycotoxins occupies a special place in livestock breeding. This study aimed to demonstrate methods of treating and pharmacological correction of a toxic state intensified by heavy metals and mycotoxins in cattle using native drug as mycotoxin-deactivating feed additive. A total of 20 highly productive Holstein cows aged 3-4 years were divided into 2 groups, based on clinical and biochemical parameters. The experimental group (n=10) fed a diet supplemented with 4% sorption complex and a drug based on Silybum marianum and ursodeoxycholic acid as a hepatoprotector named “Hepaton-vet”. The control group (n=10) was injected with a complex of sorbents (consisting of perlite, vermiculite, and polyphepan in equal proportions) at a dose of 4% of the daily intake of food, and the rest of the treatment was carried out with the help of daily infusion therapy. So in the feed samples, only the T-2 and Deoxynivalenol (DON) indicators exceeded the normal value by 1.66% and, 3%, respectively. Thus, the practical efficiency concerning T-2, aflatoxin and Deoxynivalenol were to 100%, 86%, 18%, respectively. Cadmium in compound feed was lower by 44%, in comparison with the maximum permissible concentration, followed by 53.3% in hay and 78% in silage. The amount of lead in compound feed and silage was 78%, and it was 35% in the hay. In conclusion, the use of a complex of sorbents, together with newly developed component “Hepaton-vet”, led to positive results, allowing for the identification of several effects that influenced the metabolic processes in the liver, which was confirmed by the results of morpho-biochemical blood tests and clinical diagnostics of the animals' condition.
NEW METHODS FOR DETOXIFICATION OF HEAVY METALS AND MYCOTOXINS IN DAIRY COWS
Human and Canine Leishmaniasis: Diagnosis and Risk Factors (Text)
Human and Canine Leishmaniasis: Diagnosis and Risk Factors (Other)
HTML Summary of #673 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Human and Canine Leishmaniasis: Diagnosis and Risk Factors</epc:when>
Leishmaniasis is a zoonosis disease caused by a parasite of the genus Leishmania transmitted by the sandflies. It is ranked among the 20 major neglected tropical diseases. Algeria is classified as one of the most affected countries by cutaneous leishmaniasis worldwide. This study was conducted in the Medea region, north-central Algeria, to investigate human and canine leishmaniasis. Diagnosis of human leishmaniasis was conducted on patients with symptoms suggestive of leishmaniasis. The presence of wet or dry lesions, number, location, duration, and travel history were recorded for each patient. Confirmation of the disease was performed by histopathological test. Canine leishmaniasis was diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination in 175 male Sloughi dogs. Symptoms included skin ulcerations, lymphadenopathy, dermatitis with alopecia, weight loss, and ocular or nasal lesions. A total of 1070 cases of human leishmaniasis were investigated, including 1067 (99.72) cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis and 3 (0.28) cases of visceral leishmaniasis. Of the 1067 human cutaneous leishmaniasis cases, 59.51 and 40.49 were male and female, respectively. For visceral leishmaniasis, all cases were male. Persons aged less than 10 years were more infected than those over 10 years of age. Chahbounia region was found to be the most infected area, compared to other regions. The highest number of human leishmaniasis cases was recorded during November (462 cases). Human cutaneous leishmaniasis was the most frequent (81.38) among the other human pathologies in the study area; followed by pulmonary tuberculosis (14.8). All Sloughi dogs were diagnosed with leishmaniasis of which the most common symptoms included lymph node hypertrophy, emaciation, skin lesions, fever, epistaxis, alopecia, ocular lesions, anemia, onychogryphosis, chemosis, and the less common symptoms are: fever, diarrhea, and splenomegaly. The Psammomys obesus and Meriones shawi were present especially in the periphery of the lands next to the valley of Chahbounia city. Leishmaniasis remains present in the region, constituting a public health menace. The union of veterinary and public services is necessary to eradicate the disease by controlling the vector and the reservoirs of the parasite. © 2022, World’s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Human and Canine Leishmaniasis: Diagnosis and Risk Factors
In vitro Anthelmintic Efficacy of Nano-encapsulated Bromelain against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Goats in Kenya (Text)
In vitro Anthelmintic Efficacy of Nano-encapsulated Bromelain against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Goats in Kenya (Other)
HTML Summary of #688 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">In vitro Anthelmintic Efficacy of Nano-encapsulated Bromelain against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Goats in Kenya</epc:when>
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) significantly affect goats’ productivity, and thus farmers carry out regular deworming to manage the infections. The emergence of anthelmintic resistance and the high cost of current drugs call for the development of alternatives, including medicinal plant extracts. The current study aimed to assess the anthelmintic efficacy of chitosan encapsulated bromelain (EB) against a selected range of GIN affecting goats in Kenya. Bromelain was extracted using standard laboratory methods from peels of ripe pineapples and thereafter encapsulated with chitosan. The GIN eggs were isolated from goat feces using the flotation method and were then subjected to PCR to identify the species. Adult worms were collected from the gastrointestinal tract of goats slaughtered at the nearby Ruiru abattoir. The PCR showed the extracted strongyle eggs consisted of 7 species of nematodes, including Haemonchus contortus, Oesophagostomum spp., Nematodirus filicollis, Ostertagia ostertagi, Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, and Trichostrongylus axei. The in vitro assays showed that chitosan EB had an IC50 of 0.184 mg/mL, 0.116 mg/mL, and 0.141 mg/mL for the egg hatch inhibition, larval, and adult mortality assays, respectively. In all the assays, EB indicated better activity than non-encapsulated bromelain. The EB affected the eggs and worms through softening and embrittling the cuticle and shell as well as damaging the blastomeres and causing the death of the growing embryo. According to the results of the current study, EB has high anthelmintic activity on a large range of GIN and has the potential to contribute to the management of these parasites of small ruminants. © 2022. World''s Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved
In vitro Anthelmintic Efficacy of Nano-encapsulated Bromelain against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Goats in Kenya
Effects of Nano Zinc on Growth Performance, Health Status, and Cecal Microbiota in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Salmonella Kentucky (Text)
Effects of Nano Zinc on Growth Performance, Health Status, and Cecal Microbiota in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Salmonella Kentucky (Other)
HTML Summary of #686 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Nano Zinc on Growth Performance, Health Status, and Cecal Microbiota in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Salmonella Kentucky</epc:when>
Public concern with the incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly among foodborne pathogens, such as Salmonella, has been challenging the poultry industry to find alternative means of control. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary replacement of inorganic zinc oxide (ZnO) by different levels of zinc nanoparticles on growth performance, blood serum biochemical changes, immune response, cecal microbiota, and some internal organs histopathology of Salmonella Kentucky (SK) challenged broiler chickens. A total of 180 one-day-old broiler chicks were used in the present experiment. The chicks were randomly allotted into six equal groups (30 chicks/group), with 3 subgroups containing 10 chicks as a replicate. The first group fed on the basal diet supplemented by 100 mg ZnO/kg diet, while the second and the third groups fed on the basal diet with replacement of ZnO by 100 and 50 mg of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs)/kg diet, respectively. Moreover, the fourth, fifth, and sixth groups fed as the first three groups with SK challenge on the third day of age. Results showed that supplementation of 100 mg ZnONPs/kg diet instead of ZnO reduced the severity of the clinical signs, post-mortem lesions, mortality, and SK fecal shedding of SK challenged chicks. Replacement of ZnO by 100 or 50 of ZnONPs increased cecal total bacterial counts and lactobacillus bacterial count while reducing total coliform counts. On the other hand, the SK challenge increased cecal total bacterial counts and lactobacillus bacterial counts, compared to the broiler chicks group fed on the diet without SK challenge. The SK challenge with inorganic zinc addition reduced body gain and feed conversion ratio, while 100 or 50 mg ZnONPs/kg diet supplementation instead of ZnO improved growth performance, feed efficiency parameters. It was observed that the replacement of inorganic zinc (serum ZnO) by 100 mg /kg diet significantly increased lysosomal and phagocytic activity by about 261.5 and 17.9, respectively. Moreover, 100 or 50 of ZnONPs instead of inorganic zinc significantly ZnONPs increased liver, spleen, and thymus gland relative weights of SK-challenged broiler chickens, compared to broiler chickens group fed on the same diet without challenge or compared to chicks group fed on ZnO supplemented diet with SK challenge, while replacement of inorganic zinc (ZnO) by 100 or 50mg ZnONPs/kg diet reduced the adverse effect. © 2022. World''s Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved
Effects of Nano Zinc on Growth Performance, Health Status, and Cecal Microbiota in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Salmonella Kentucky
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19–associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (Text)
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19–associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (Other)
HTML Summary of #579 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19–associated acute respiratory distress syndrome</epc:when>
Aim. The aim was to analyze the results of intensive care for COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) using optimized tactical aspects of respiratory support. Methods. In this prospective study, the comparison group included 436 consecutive patients admitted to the ICU of "A-block Zangiota-1" in the period from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021 (taking into account the representativeness of the main group), whose the therapeutic and tactical aspects of management were based on the first own experience with results analysis across organizational and therapeutic approaches. The main group included 288 patients admitted from July 1, 2021 to October 1, 2021, whose therapeutic and tactical aspects of management were developed on the basis of a fundamental revision of the differential diagnosis, pathomorphological classification and respiratory mechanics of COVID-19 associated ARDS, as well as taking into account the influence of risk factors for the severe course of the disease and various methods and technologies of respiratory support. Accordingly, adapted and optimized respiratory therapy standards have been applied in main group. Results. The frequency of intubations and transfers to mechanical ventilation had no statistical difference between the groups (p=0.362). In the main group, cases of tracheostomy (73.8%) were significantly (p<0.001) more than the comparison group (14.5%). In the comparison group, the proportion of patients with severe ARDS decreased from 29.6% to 23.8% (p=0.067), and in the main group from 31.0% to 17.0% (p<0.001). The average duration of treatment of patients in the ICU was 22 (from 7 to 32) days in the comparison group and 17 (from 9 to 27) days in the main group (p<0.05). The frequency of deaths in COVID-19 associated ARDS was 11.1% in the main group, which was significantly lower (p=0.036) than the comparison group (16.7%). Among patients on invasive mechanical ventilation (intubation and tracheostomy), the mortality rate was 96.0% in the comparison group and 76.2% in the main group of patients (p = 0.003). Conclusion. Providing respiratory support for COVID-19 associated ARDS, taking into account the individual characteristics of respiratory mechanics, can improve the results of treatment of patients with an increase in the oxygenation index, a decrease in the proportion of cases of severe ARDS, and reduce the mortality rate and the length of stay of patients in the ICU.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19–associated acute respiratory distress syndrome
R Medicine (General)
A Retrospective Report of Viral and Bacterial Diseases in Livestock, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa (Text)
A Retrospective Report of Viral and Bacterial Diseases in Livestock, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa (Other)
HTML Summary of #675 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A Retrospective Report of Viral and Bacterial Diseases in Livestock, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa</epc:when>
Livestock disease, particularly viral and bacterial disease, impedes livestock farming productivity and reduces available food in the current system, leading to food insecurity and economic losses. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of viral and bacterial disease in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A retrospective data of livestock diseases in the Eastern Cape Province from 2013 to 2018 was obtained from veterinary records in the Department of Rural and Agrarian Reform (DrDAR), Bisho South Africa database, decoded, analyzed, and interpreted. The result revealed a significant association between local municipality, season, year, and livestock species. The highest prevalence of disease was found in the Lukhanji (29.4) and Mbhashe (17.5), while bacterial diseases were more prevalent in Nelson Mandela Bay (27.7) and Raymond Mhlaba (34.9) municipalities. More diseases were in autumn (53.8) and spring (58.5). The highest proportions of bacterial and viral diseases were in caprine (97.2) and bovine (41.4). Odds of disease occurrence were the highest in Intsika yethu local municipality (OR = 3.279, 95 CI = 0.043-263.6) in autumn (OR = 2.131, 95 CI = 0.815-5.569), and in bovine (OR = 58.825, 95 CI = 16.283-205.591). The results necessitate veterinary authorities to strengthen preventative program activities to mitigate livestock diseases in study area. © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
A Retrospective Report of Viral and Bacterial Diseases in Livestock, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Nutritional status of patients according to the stage of chronic renal failure (Text)
Nutritional status of patients according to the stage of chronic renal failure (Other)
HTML Summary of #580 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Nutritional status of patients according to the stage of chronic renal failure</epc:when>
Introduction. In Burkina Faso, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem due to its increasing prevalence, severity and the high cost of treatment. Aim. The aim of this study was to describe nutritional status of subjects diagnosed with severe and moderate stages of chronic renal insufficiency, followed in nephrology consultation at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center (YO-UHC) of Ouagadougou. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over a period of eight months and included 75 patients in total. The social-demographic parameters were determined on the basis of the patients' declaration and the use of their medical records. Biological parameters were collected from the results of laboratory examinations performed by each patient. The nutritional status of the patients was assessed by the anthropometric method. Finally, all patients were asked about their dietary habits and lifestyle using the 24-hour recall method. Results. Our results revealed a male predominance, out of the total number of patients included. The percentage of men and women was 54.70% and 45.30% respectively with a sex (male/female) ratio of 1.20. The average of Body Mass Index was 24.79 Kg/m2. The percentage of overweight and obesity of women was 64.71% compared to 26.83% for men. The proportion of women with severe chronic kidney disease (58.82%) was twice as high as that of men (29.27%), (P<0.05). The average waist circumference of the subjects aged 30-39 years was significantly lower than that of the subjects aged 60-85 years. So, average hip circumference was 93.77 cm, with a significant difference according to sex (P<0.05). The prevalence of hyperglycaemia and diabetes increased with age. Hyperglycaemia in the 40-49 age group was increased significantly from 16.67% to 26.67% in the 70-85 age group (P<0.05). Diabetes in the 50-59 age group was 10% and doubled in the 70-85 age group (P<0.05). A percentage of 67.99% of the patients had a history of hypertension in either first-degree relatives or collaterals. The highest proportion was found in the hypertensive collaterals (37.33%; P=0.059). This study revealed a low level of physical activity among all patients. Only 38.67% of the patients practiced regular physical activity. There was no significant association between the level of physical activity and the stage of renal failure. Conclusion. Knowledge of nutritional status is a crucial part of better nutritional management of CKD patients. Finally, previous studies on the dietary habits of patients suffering from CKD will allow a better understanding of their nutritional status for a better management according to the stage of progression of the disease.
Nutritional status of patients according to the stage of chronic renal failure
Incidence of Clinical Signs in Poisoned Pets of Thailand: A Retrospective Study (Text)
Incidence of Clinical Signs in Poisoned Pets of Thailand: A Retrospective Study (Other)
HTML Summary of #672 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Incidence of Clinical Signs in Poisoned Pets of Thailand: A Retrospective Study</epc:when>
Clinical signs appear immediately or gradually in poisoned pets. Poisonous agents in pets, especially dogs and cats, have been reported to include human medications (acetaminophen), pesticides (organophosphate and carbamate), insecticides for veterinary use (ivermectin), and food (methylxanthines). The current study investigated the incidence of poisoning in dogs and cats residing in Rayong and Nakhon Ratchasima provinces as well as Bangkok, Thailand, during 2016-2020. The study found a total of 102 poisoned cases of dog and cat, including 58 dogs (56.86) and 44 cats (43.14). The poisoned dogs included 39 males (67.24) and 19 females (32.26), while poisoned cats consisted of 29 males (65.91) and 15 females (34.09). Poisoning was highly diagnosed in mixed breed dogs and domestic short-haired cats. The average age of poisoned dogs and cats was reported as 3.67 ± 1.92 and 3.02 ± 1.72 years, respectively. The most common poisonous agents found in dogs and cats were organophosphate-carbamate groups and acetaminophen. Tachycardia, hypersalivation, dyspnea, and facial swelling were the most common clinical signs observed in poisoned dogs and cats. © 2022, World’s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Incidence of Clinical Signs in Poisoned Pets of Thailand: A Retrospective Study
The Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Miana Plant Flour (Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br. on Serum Lipid Profile and Organ Weights of Broiler Chickens (Text)
The Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Miana Plant Flour (Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br. on Serum Lipid Profile and Organ Weights of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #671 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Miana Plant Flour (Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br. on Serum Lipid Profile and Organ Weights of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Miana plant (Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br. contains active compounds (such as steroids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins) which can have several health benefits, including lowering cholesterol LDL and triglyceride as well as increasing feed consumption, body weight, and carcass weight of broilers. Therefore, the current experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Miana plant flour (Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br. in the diet on blood serum lipid profiles and physiological organs of broilers. The experiment was performed on 100 day-old broiler chickens from strain Arbor Acres CP-707. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized design with five different levels of Miana plant flour (0, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5) in broiler's diets as treatment, and each treatment was repeated four times. The diet was arranged iso-protein (21) and iso-energy (2900 kcal/kg). The serum lipid profile measurement included the analysis of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Physiological organ analysis entailed the percentage of liver weight, pancreas weight, gizzard weight, small intestine weight, and length of parts of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) of broilers. The results showed that the inclusion of Miana plant flour in the broiler's diet could significantly affect total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL in the serum of broiler chickens, and it affected duodenum length significantly. Furthermore, the inclusion of Miana plant flour in the broiler's diet had an insignificant effect on the percentage of liver weight, pancreas weight, gizzard weight, small intestine weight, and length of each part of the small intestine (jejunum and ileum) on broilers. In conclusion, the inclusion of Miana plant flour as much as 12.5 in broiler's diets reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL, and increased the HDL and duodenum length without adverse effects on the other physiological organs of broiler chickens. © 2022, World’s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
The Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Miana Plant Flour (Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br. on Serum Lipid Profile and Organ Weights of Broiler Chickens
When information processing is demanding: the importance of performance feedback (Text)
When information processing is demanding: the importance of performance feedback (Other)
HTML Summary of #991 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">When information processing is demanding: the importance of performance feedback</epc:when>
Working memory is a limited component of the cognitive system that requires attentional control to store information despite internal and external interruptions actively. There is a prolonged understanding that working memory capacity is a trait variable; and emerging evidence indicates that it possesses state variable qualities (i.e. momentary oscillations). Corresponding variations have been discovered in WM-consuming situations such as stress, anxiety, and intrusive thoughts. The current study investigated such phenomena using false feedback as a manipulation to investigate transient changes in working memory capacity. Participants performed a highly correlated working memory task, preceded by manipulating either negative or positive feedback, and then completed a second closely correlated working memory task. The results indicated that the manipulation affected participants’ performance on a subsequent second working memory task. Our results indicated that it is feasible to modulate the level of working memory capacity accessible on a limited basis. The findings of present study are pertinent to additional domains such as (social, educational, professional) in which information load may lead to stress and decrease working memory capacity and processing speed. The current research demonstrates the importance of feedback to enhance working memory capacity. Our study also recommends that the information load can be handled more efficiently to promote learning through different strategies.
When information processing is demanding: the importance of performance feedback
Z665 Library Science. Information Science
ZA4050 Electronic information resources
THE IMPACT OF STABLE FLIES (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) ON SMALL STOCK PRODUCTION IN BODIBENG, BOTHATOGO AND SEHITHWA IN THE NORTH WEST DISTRICT, BOTSWANA; A SURVEY STUDY (Text)
THE IMPACT OF STABLE FLIES (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) ON SMALL STOCK PRODUCTION IN BODIBENG, BOTHATOGO AND SEHITHWA IN THE NORTH WEST DISTRICT, BOTSWANA; A SURVEY STUDY (Other)
HTML Summary of #639 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">THE IMPACT OF STABLE FLIES (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) ON SMALL STOCK PRODUCTION IN BODIBENG, BOTHATOGO AND SEHITHWA IN THE NORTH WEST DISTRICT, BOTSWANA; A SURVEY STUDY</epc:when>
Stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is a globally recognized livestock pest of economic importance, which also attacks wild animals, pets and humans. These flies frequently feed on the forelegs of animals and can cause significant production losses and severe animal health and welfare concerns. This study investigated the impact of stable flies on small stock (sheep and goats) production and documented control measures adopted by farmers in Sehithwa, Bodibeng and Bothatogo villages in the North West District of Botswana. Simple Random Sampling was used to select 90 respondents in the study area. Data on demographic characteristics (i.e., age, sex, marital and educational status of the respondents), control measures against stable flies, time stable flies appeared, factors contributing to abundance of stable flies, and the role of government and private sector in the control of stable flies were collected and analysed using SAS. The Chi-square test of goodness of fit was used to show the unequal distribution of the frequencies of respondents among the categories for each variable. Results showed that wood smoking (53.33%) was the common control measure against stable flies followed by migration to unaffected areas (35.55%) and dipping (11.11%). Feeding activity of stable flies reached its peak in the evening (58.89%) followed by morning (31.11%), afternoon (6.67%) and the least was night (3.33%). Eighty-seven percent of respondents mentioned that stable fly contributed to poverty, starvation (16.67%) and loss of income (13.33%). It is concluded that stable flies affect livestock productivity and people’ livelihood; hence the need to adopt effective control measures. Control measures against these flies will be more effective when applied in the evening and morning.
THE IMPACT OF STABLE FLIES (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) ON SMALL STOCK PRODUCTION IN BODIBENG, BOTHATOGO AND SEHITHWA IN THE NORTH WEST DISTRICT, BOTSWANA; A SURVEY STUDY
Prediction of Postpartum Vaginal Discharge Duration in Sows (Text)
Prediction of Postpartum Vaginal Discharge Duration in Sows (Other)
HTML Summary of #670 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Prediction of Postpartum Vaginal Discharge Duration in Sows</epc:when>
Prolonged farrowing duration increases stillbirth in piglets and affects maternal health leading to a decrease in the reproductive performance of the sow. The present study aimed to predict the duration of postpartum vaginal discharge (PVD, day) in sows. Data were collected from 204 mixed parity Landrace X Yorkshire sows in a swine farm in Bacninh province, Vietnam. Parity, gestation length, litter size, number of dead-born piglets (NDB), farrowing duration (FD, h), and manual extraction (ME) were recorded. Postpartum vaginal discharge was monitored twice a day until no discharge was detected in two successive observations. Linear regression analysis was used to build the model that best predicted the duration of postpartum vaginal discharge. Results showed that the average duration of postpartum vaginal discharge was 3.3 ± 1.6 days. The final multiple linear regression selected manual extraction, farrowing duration, and the number of dead-born piglets as the most significant factors for the prediction of postpartum vaginal discharge duration. All of these three factors were positively associated with PVD. This study indicated that the duration of postpartum vaginal discharge can be predicted. Shortening the farrowing duration, which may reduce the NBD, lowering the rate of manual extraction can be some of the approaches to decrease the duration of postpartum vaginal discharge. Moreover, the results of this study suggested that suitable postpartum treatments such as antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, and care should be provided to the sows with a high risk of prolonged postpartum vaginal discharge to shorten this period. © 2022, World’s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Prediction of Postpartum Vaginal Discharge Duration in Sows
The Detrimental Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Infertility of Humans and Laboratory Animals: A Review (Text)
The Detrimental Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Infertility of Humans and Laboratory Animals: A Review (Other)
HTML Summary of #689 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Detrimental Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Infertility of Humans and Laboratory Animals: A Review</epc:when>
In recent decades, the decline in human fertility has become a major concern. However, unhealthy lifestyle practices, such as the use of addictive substances that contribute to infertility persist in society. Therefore, the current study reviewed the literature addressing the effects of alcohol consumption patterns on male and female fertility. Although alcohol intake is socially accepted, its detrimental influence on male and female fertility rates has been regularly observed in recent years. The findings have revealed that abstinence from chronic alcohol intake did not recover the testes from the negative effects of alcohol. Heavy drinking, defined as 8 or more glasses per week for a woman or 15 or more drinks per week for a man might impair female reproductive function. In conclusion, the implementation of an in vivo evidence strategy ranging from animal studies to preclinical ones has indicated that alcohol intake may be related to negative effects on reproductive parameters in both males and females. The present review deserves to be highlighted since it is significant for those who lead an unhealthy lifestyle, such as those who use alcohol. © 2022. All Rights Reserved.
The Detrimental Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Infertility of Humans and Laboratory Animals: A Review
Seasonal Variation of Physiochemical Properties of River Water Samples in Akure, South-Western Nigeria (Text)
Seasonal Variation of Physiochemical Properties of River Water Samples in Akure, South-Western Nigeria (Other)
HTML Summary of #864 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Seasonal Variation of Physiochemical Properties of River Water Samples in Akure, South-Western Nigeria</epc:when>
The effect of seasonal variation on the physicochemical properties of Ala river in Ondo state Nigeria was studied in this research. Thirteen water parameters including Total Hardness (TH), Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Conductivity, pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Chlorine (Cl), Mangnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and Manganese (Mn) were analyzed on the three samples (Ala-Elefosan, Araromi and Oba-Ile) that were considered. From the comparison made between the obtained results and the Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) permissible limit, it can be inferred that there were variations in the water quality from dry to wet season for all the parameters and recommended that adequate water treatment should be carried out before usage irrespective of the season.
Seasonal Variation of Physiochemical Properties of River Water Samples in Akure, South-Western Nigeria
Relationship between Plastron Color and Nutrition in Pseudemys nelsoni Carr, 1938 (Text)
Relationship between Plastron Color and Nutrition in Pseudemys nelsoni Carr, 1938 (Other)
HTML Summary of #669 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Relationship between Plastron Color and Nutrition in Pseudemys nelsoni Carr, 1938</epc:when>
Body coloration of emydids can be triggered by different types of factors. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the changes in plastron color of Florida Red-bellied Turtle Pseudemys nelsoni (P. nelsoni Carr, 1938), an emydid of North America. In the current study, 15 (3 males and 12 females) fresh corpses of captive-reared adult specimens of P. nelsoni were analyzed using digital images as well as applying geometric morphometrics and color photo processing techniques. Plastron color had no relationship with size nor fluctuating asymmetry, which could be considered as a negative proxy for stress. Moreover, there were no significant differences between males and females in this regard. It can be suggested that reddish on plastron for P. nelsoni was highly related to feeding, compared to other external factors, such as age, size, or stress. In wild P. nelsoni populations, reddish plastral coloration was related to body size probably due to ontogenetic differences in the diet, as juveniles are omnivorous. Since adults are herbivores, reddish fading observed in the samples of the current study would be a mere expression of unnatural colors, which can probably be linked to unbalanced feeding. The results of the current research could contribute to the understanding of the ways color changes appear in captive turtles in response to differences in dietary access to carotenoids. © 2022, World’s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Relationship between Plastron Color and Nutrition in Pseudemys nelsoni Carr, 1938
Using Morphological Traits to Predict Body Weight of Dorper Sheep Lambs (Text)
Using Morphological Traits to Predict Body Weight of Dorper Sheep Lambs (Other)
HTML Summary of #674 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Using Morphological Traits to Predict Body Weight of Dorper Sheep Lambs</epc:when>
The Dorper sheep are known to be a fast-growing breed with a very good body conformation that produces high-quality carcass. The recent study was conducted to determine the relationship between body weight (BW) and morphological traits, such as heart girth (HG), rump height (RH), body length (BL), withers height (WH), and sternum height (SH). A total of 51 Dorper sheep lambs (29 female and 22 male lambs) were used as experimental animals. The data was collected 24 hours after birth. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and simple regression to attain the objectives. The obtained results indicated that BW had a positively high statistically correlation with HG (r = 0.81), RH (r = 0.766), BL (r = 0.893), WH (r = 0.874), and SH (r = 0.618) in female Dorper sheep lambs. Furthermore, results showed that BW had a positively high statistically significant association with HG (r = 0.886), RH (r = 0.590), BL (r = 0.900), WH (r = 0.613), and SH (r = 0.707) in male Dorper sheep lambs. Simple regression models for morphological traits indicated that BL had the highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.80) and the lowest mean square error (MSE = 2.83) in female Dorper sheep lambs, and also the highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.81) and mean square error (MSE = 1.07) in male Dorper sheep lambs. In conclusion, the findings indicated that improving HG, RH, BL, WH, and SH might result in the enhancement of BW in Dorper sheep lambs. Simple regression results suggested that BL could be selected as a facilitating factor in the breeding programs to improve the BW of Dorper sheep lambs at birth. © 2022, World’s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Using Morphological Traits to Predict Body Weight of Dorper Sheep Lambs
NUTRITIONAL ADVANCES IN PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCT QUALITY OF POULTRY HUSBANDRY UNDER HEAT STRESS (Text)
NUTRITIONAL ADVANCES IN PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCT QUALITY OF POULTRY HUSBANDRY UNDER HEAT STRESS (Other)
HTML Summary of #646 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">NUTRITIONAL ADVANCES IN PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCT QUALITY OF POULTRY HUSBANDRY UNDER HEAT STRESS</epc:when>
The objective of this review is to explore the nutritional additives to combat heat stress in high production targeted fowls. Many diseases and stress dynamics are liable for heavy mortality nowadays. High production targets and heat stress initiate free radical injuries and gastrointestinal oxidative insults resulting in poor bioavailability and feed efficiency. Accordingly, the quality of the eggs and meat is compromised along with the bird’s health. Dietary schemes and relevant feed formulation with the provision of vital elements like selenium, zinc, calcium, vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin A, electrolytes, essential amino acids, and plant extracts can conflict with all sorts of stress in birds and improve the immune system. The occurrence of many contagious diseases, nervous ailments, and metabolic syndromes can be decreased via appropriate feeding routines. It will not only control the bird’s health but also increase the quality and market value of the products and consumer satisfaction. Scientists have struggled to prevent immuno-depression, egg and meat quality impairments by dietary influences. Poultry welfare is facing many problems currently which should be properly coped with innovative nutritional maneuvers. This review anticipates illuminating the probable nutritional approaches to manage stress in poultry birds.
NUTRITIONAL ADVANCES IN PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCT QUALITY OF POULTRY HUSBANDRY UNDER HEAT STRESS
DEVELOPMENT OF A REAL-TIME PCR ASSAY FOR THE RAPID DETECTION OF netB GENE IN CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS (Text)
DEVELOPMENT OF A REAL-TIME PCR ASSAY FOR THE RAPID DETECTION OF netB GENE IN CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS (Other)
HTML Summary of #647 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">DEVELOPMENT OF A REAL-TIME PCR ASSAY FOR THE RAPID DETECTION OF netB GENE IN CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS</epc:when>
Necrotic enteritis (NE) has a huge economic impact in the poultry industry. Numerous studies have shown that necrotic enteritis toxin B (netB) is a key virulence factor in Clostridium perfringens strains that cause NE in chickens. Early detection of netB in C. perfringens is important to circumvent the spread of NE. In this study, we developed a novel combinatorial approach involving (i) a commercial 2-step DNA extraction kit and (ii) a real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the detection of netB-positive C. perfringens in fecal samples. Melt curve analysis and specificity test demonstrated 100% specificity without any cross-reactivity in other bacterial species with a limit of detection of 102 cfu/g. Field validation was subsequently conducted on nine fecal composites collected from different layer houses at two commercial farms, leading to successful detection of four netB positive samples. The study presented a rapid diagnostic qPCR assay involving a 2-step DNA extraction protocol to screen for C. perfringens carrying netB gene in chicken fecal samples.
DEVELOPMENT OF A REAL-TIME PCR ASSAY FOR THE RAPID DETECTION OF netB GENE IN CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS
NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND IN SITU DEGRADABILITY OF SELECTED FORAGES, BROWSE TREES AND AGRO INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS (Text)
NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND IN SITU DEGRADABILITY OF SELECTED FORAGES, BROWSE TREES AND AGRO INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS (Other)
HTML Summary of #651 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND IN SITU DEGRADABILITY OF SELECTED FORAGES, BROWSE TREES AND AGRO INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS</epc:when>
The in situ dry matter and crude protein degradability of grasses, legumes, browse trees and agro industrial by products was evaluated by the fistulated bulls (Boran × Holstein-Friesian with mean body weight 580 kg and age= 29±3 months). The lower (P < 0.05) crude protein content was reported in bracharia grasses than the other grasses. The higher (P < 0.05) washing loss in bracharia and Rhodes grasses and the better (P < 0.05) potential and effective degradability for dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) was observed in desho grass compared with other grasses. The content of crude protein, relative feed value and potential DM degradability were higher (P < 0.05) in Sesbania than Pigeon pea and tree lucerne. Potential and effective DM degradability was better (P < 0.05) in tree lucerne than the other browses. Acacia nilotica and Wanza (Cordia africana) had the greater (P < 0.05) washes loss, potential and effective degradability for dry matter and crude protein than the other browse trees. Cactus and Shola had the highest (P < 0.05) undegradable protein than Acacia nilotica and Wanza. The two energy source feeds (maize and wheat bran) had the greater (P < 0.05) potential and effective dry matter degradability than the other by products. The rumen undegradable protein was higher in vetch than lablab. The in situ dry matter degradability values obtained in this study can be useful to identifying the best materials used ruminant feeds.
NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND IN SITU DEGRADABILITY OF SELECTED FORAGES, BROWSE TREES AND AGRO INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS
Working conditions and work performance of remote elementary school teachers (Text)
Working conditions and work performance of remote elementary school teachers (Other)
HTML Summary of #990 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Working conditions and work performance of remote elementary school teachers</epc:when>
Working conditions are a critical component in determining an employee's productivity as well as their ability to be efficient and successful. The purpose of this study was to characterize working conditions and their impact on the job performance of elementary school teachers in Boven Digoel district. Data were gathered using survey from 171 respondents, conveniently selected from a total of 536 elementary school teachers of Boven Digoel district. The gathered data were statistically analyzed using the program SPSS version 21. The findings indicated that the working conditions of the elementary school teachers of Boven Digoel district strongly affected their job performance. In addition, the research show that school principals and regional education policymakers must develop favorable working conditions for teachers in order to motivate them to contribute more than is necessary to educate the youth of nations.
Working conditions and work performance of remote elementary school teachers
THE EFFECT OF THE PANDEMIC ON THE CONSUMPTION OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS: THE CASE OF KAFKAS UNIVERSITY OF TURKEY (Text)
THE EFFECT OF THE PANDEMIC ON THE CONSUMPTION OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS: THE CASE OF KAFKAS UNIVERSITY OF TURKEY (Other)
HTML Summary of #622 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">THE EFFECT OF THE PANDEMIC ON THE CONSUMPTION OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS: THE CASE OF KAFKAS UNIVERSITY OF TURKEY</epc:when>
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about some changes in consumption preferences and nutritional habits as well as lifestyles of individuals, such as education, working system, and social relationships, especially due to having to stay at home. In this study, the change in animal food consumption dispositions of students who had to stay at home during the pandemic and received online education was examined compared to the pre-pandemic period. In the study, since face-to-face teaching-learning activities were suspended, an online questionnaire was used to collect the study data from a total of 380 students registered at Kafkas University. The average monthly income of the participants and the share they allocated to the total food and animal products expenditures in the budget were determined as 539.64±21.00$, 132.73±5.08$, and 62.18±2.67$, respectively. Although the annual chicken meat consumption amount did not change according to the income levels of the students, it was determined that the consumption of animal products, such as beef, mutton-lamb, milk-yogurt, cheese, and eggs increased as the income level increased. During the pandemic period, the food consumption of 55.3% of the participants and the animal products consumption of 35.8% increased. On the other hand, it was determined that the consumption of food and animal products increased as the income level increased during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. During the pandemic period, it was determined that red meat and salami-sausages consumption of 31.8% of the students decreased by 37.90% and 42.15%, respectively, but that the chicken meat consumption of 31.3% of the students and milk and dairy products consumption of 37.9% increased by 31.02% and 39.17%, respectively. As a result, it was determined that there were significant changes in the nutritional habits of the students during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it was determined that there were significant increases in the consumption of animal products other than red meat. The primary reason why red meat consumption did not increase is thought to be due to the high price of the product compared to consumers’ income levels.
THE EFFECT OF THE PANDEMIC ON THE CONSUMPTION OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS: THE CASE OF KAFKAS UNIVERSITY OF TURKEY
PECAN SHELLING BY-PRODUCT AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR CORN IN SWINE DIETS: PERFORMANCE, DIETARY ENERGETICS AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT (Text)
PECAN SHELLING BY-PRODUCT AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR CORN IN SWINE DIETS: PERFORMANCE, DIETARY ENERGETICS AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT (Other)
HTML Summary of #627 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PECAN SHELLING BY-PRODUCT AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR CORN IN SWINE DIETS: PERFORMANCE, DIETARY ENERGETICS AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT</epc:when>
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the pecan shelling by-product (PSB) grindings as partial replacement for corn in swine diets and its exerting effect on sows’ performance. Seventeen pregnant sows (210 kg of initial body weight) were used in a 14-d trial to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of corn with PSB on performance, dietary energetics, and safety. Treatments consisted of corn-soybean meal-based diet containing 0 or 10% of PSB in the diet, where the later replaced 0 or 16% of corn (as-fed basis). Ether extract (EE) content on PSB averaged 185 g/kg. Treatments including PSB had 1.9 times the EE compared to the treatment with only corn-soybean meal. Replacement of 16% of corn with PSB increased the estimated digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) values of the diet by 218 and 230 kcal/kg compared to control diet (90% DM basis), respectively. The higher predicted DE or ME intake for sow fed on PSB diet were 500 or 529 kcal/day compared to control diet, respectively; however, no differences on average daily gain (0.52 kg/d) between dietary treatments were observed. Neither was feed refusal for any dietary treatment nor difference on finishing their respective feed allowance. Sows consumed pecan shell at level of 0.75 g/kg of body weight daily, approximately. Intestinal activity was not affected by PSB consumption and fecal score averaged 3.0. Partial replacement of corn with PSB increased the estimated DE and ME for gestating diets by 7%, without influencing performance and intestinal function. The pecan shelling by-product supplementation at 10% inclusion level into a corn-soybean meal-based diet does not affect performance and its addition to the diet contributes to a more sustainable use of locally available feedstock in swine feeding.
PECAN SHELLING BY-PRODUCT AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR CORN IN SWINE DIETS: PERFORMANCE, DIETARY ENERGETICS AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT
Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of chronic lymphoid hemopathies observed at the National Reference University Hospital Center (CHU- RN) of N'Djamena (Text)
Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of chronic lymphoid hemopathies observed at the National Reference University Hospital Center (CHU- RN) of N'Djamena (Other)
HTML Summary of #578 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of chronic lymphoid hemopathies observed at the National Reference University Hospital Center (CHU- RN) of N'Djamena</epc:when>
Aim. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic profile of chronic lymphoid hemopathies (CLH) and the viral factors linked to the genesis of HLCs at the CHU-RN of Ndjamena in Chad. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study over two and a half years, from October 2017 to March 2020 at the Hematology Unit of the National Reference University Hospital Center (CHU-RN) of Ndjamena. Were included patients in whom the diagnosis of chronic lymphoid hemopathy had been made. Results. Ninety-eight (98) cases of hematological malignancies were recorded out of 531 hematological consultations including 66 (12.43%) CLH and 67.35% of hematological malignancies with an annual incidence of 26.4 cases. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was 56.06% (n=37) followed by 25.76% (n=17) Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 15.15% (n=10) Hodgkin's lymphoma and 3.03 % (n=2) cutaneous lymphoma. A male predominance was observed for all types of CLH. The most represented age groups were those of 51 to 60 years for CLL and 11 to 20 years for lymphomas. Conclusion: This study made it possible to have a better epidemiological knowledge and the viral factors related to the genesis of CLH at the CHU- RN of Ndjamena. It revealed difficulties in biological diagnosis and management, in particular the initiation of chemotherapy.
Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of chronic lymphoid hemopathies observed at the National Reference University Hospital Center (CHU- RN) of N'Djamena
THE POTENTIAL USES OF SILYMARIN, A MILK THISTLE (Silybum Marianum) DERIVATIVE, IN POULTRY PRODUCTION SYSTEM (Text)
THE POTENTIAL USES OF SILYMARIN, A MILK THISTLE (Silybum Marianum) DERIVATIVE, IN POULTRY PRODUCTION SYSTEM (Other)
HTML Summary of #632 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">THE POTENTIAL USES OF SILYMARIN, A MILK THISTLE (Silybum Marianum) DERIVATIVE, IN POULTRY PRODUCTION SYSTEM</epc:when>
Due to recent intensive poultry production, there is a great demand to use natural alternative feed additives. One of these alternatives is phytobiotics. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a plant that has been used for many years as a natural remedy for the liver diseases. Silymarin is the major dried extract of milk thistle. Silymarin has many flavonolignans that showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-lipid peroxidative, immune stimulant, and hepatic cells stabilizing effects. In poultry production system, silymarin has been used in broilers as a growth promotor and in layers to improve the egg quantity and quality. It has been also used as a hepatotonic substance as a result of a potent antioxidant activity. The carcass trait showed improvement after treatment of broilers with silymarin. In addition, enhancement of the immune system and the intestinal health has been detected after application of silymarin in poultry diets. Accordingly, this review article aims to show the different potential uses of silymarin in poultry production system regarding its effect on production performance, antioxidant status, carcass traits, immune response, and intestinal health.
THE POTENTIAL USES OF SILYMARIN, A MILK THISTLE (Silybum Marianum) DERIVATIVE, IN POULTRY PRODUCTION SYSTEM
EFFECT OF A NEW COMPLEX MYCOTOXIN ADSORBENT ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, AND SERUM LEVELS OF RETINOL, TOCOPHEROL AND 25-HYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL IN PIGS FED ON MYCOTOXINCONTAMINATED FEED (Text)
EFFECT OF A NEW COMPLEX MYCOTOXIN ADSORBENT ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, AND SERUM LEVELS OF RETINOL, TOCOPHEROL AND 25-HYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL IN PIGS FED ON MYCOTOXINCONTAMINATED FEED (Other)
HTML Summary of #634 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF A NEW COMPLEX MYCOTOXIN ADSORBENT ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, AND SERUM LEVELS OF RETINOL, TOCOPHEROL AND 25-HYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL IN PIGS FED ON MYCOTOXINCONTAMINATED FEED</epc:when>
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of commercial analogue mycotoxin adsorbent (CAMA) and Gepasorbex as a new complex mycotoxin-adsorbent additive on growth performance and serum retinol, tocopherol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations of fattening young pigs (n=90), which fed on the combined feed contaminated with mycotoxins. Animals were randomly allocated to 3 groups with 30 heads in each: the first group of pigs (control) fed the basic diet in grower and finisher periods; the second group fed the basic diet with the 0.15% by weight of feed of the mycotoxins-adsorbent as commercial analogue; the third group fed the basic diet with the addition of 0.15% by weight of feed of Gepasorbex, a new compound of mycotoxin-adsorbent additive. On the 48th and 88th days of fattening, blood samples were taken from the pigs for testing the vitamins A, E and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels. Piglets from third experimental group followed by group 2 animals showed better growth rates and significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01, respectively) exceeded analogues from the control group in live weight and average daily gain in all age periods which showed a noticeable positive effect of diet’s mycotoxin adsorbents, especially Gepasorbex, on animal growth rates. The results of the laboratory study showed that in the pigs from third experimental group, which fed on Gepasorbex with compound feed, the serum concentrations of retinol, tocopherol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol were within the biological reference interval and significantly exceeded (P<0.05) similar indicators from the control group in both periods. The results of the experiment showed that when animals are subjected to diets contaminated by mycotoxins, use of a new complex action preparation like Gepasorbex can mitigate the negative impacts of mycotoxins on animal performance, and is more capable to remove mycotoxins without binding to dietary vitamins.
EFFECT OF A NEW COMPLEX MYCOTOXIN ADSORBENT ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, AND SERUM LEVELS OF RETINOL, TOCOPHEROL AND 25-HYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL IN PIGS FED ON MYCOTOXINCONTAMINATED FEED
THE EFFECT OF COCONUT MEAT WASTE SUPPLEMENTED WITH THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA AND THERMOSTABLE MANNANASE ON PERFORMANCE, GUT HISTOMORPHOLOGY AND MICROBIOTA OF BROILER CHICKENS (Text)
THE EFFECT OF COCONUT MEAT WASTE SUPPLEMENTED WITH THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA AND THERMOSTABLE MANNANASE ON PERFORMANCE, GUT HISTOMORPHOLOGY AND MICROBIOTA OF BROILER CHICKENS (Other)
HTML Summary of #736 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">THE EFFECT OF COCONUT MEAT WASTE SUPPLEMENTED WITH THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA AND THERMOSTABLE MANNANASE ON PERFORMANCE, GUT HISTOMORPHOLOGY AND MICROBIOTA OF BROILER CHICKENS</epc:when>
An experiment was conducted on Arbor Acress broiler chicks to evaluate the effects of coconut meat waste (CMW) supplemented with 1010 CFU/kg CMW of thermophilic bacteria (Bacillus sp. SM-1.4) and 800 U/kg diets of thermostable mannanase on performance and gut histomorphology of broilers. One hundred and fifty of day-old chicks (unsexed) were used in this study. The birds were fed five diets containing coconut meat waste supplemented with bacteria and mannanases (CBM); 0 CBM, 10 CBM, 20 CBM, 30 CBM, and 40 CBM. Feed and water were available at all times. A completely randomized design was applied in this experiment with five diets and five replicate cages. The parameters determined are performance (feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio), gut histomorphology, and microbiota of broilers. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance according to a completely randomized design and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Data indicated that feed consumption, body weight gain, and gut histomorphology of birds fed the CMW supplemented with thermophilic bacteria and thermostable mannanase were up to 30 higher than those of birds fed the non-supplemented (0 CBM) diet. The birds fed a 20 coconut meat waste diet supplemented with 1010 CFU/kg diet thermophilic bacteria, and 800 U/kg CMW thermostable mannanase had higher body weight gain than others and significantly (P<0.05) affected on microbiota of broiler. Adding coconut meat waste supplemented with thermophilic bacteria and thermostable mannanase did not affect the feed conversion ratio. In conclusion, up to 20, CBM level in the diet could improving performance, gut histomorphology, and composition microbiota of broiler. © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
THE EFFECT OF COCONUT MEAT WASTE SUPPLEMENTED WITH THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA AND THERMOSTABLE MANNANASE ON PERFORMANCE, GUT HISTOMORPHOLOGY AND MICROBIOTA OF BROILER CHICKENS
Arthroscopic surgery results for plica syndrome of the knee (Text)
Arthroscopic surgery results for plica syndrome of the knee (Other)
HTML Summary of #577 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Arthroscopic surgery results for plica syndrome of the knee</epc:when>
Aim. This study aimed to carry out a comparative analysis of the treatment results in patients with plica syndrome of the knee. Methods. A total of 425 patients are contributed in the study done during 2018-2019 (main group) and 2014-2017 (comparison group). The main group was consisted of 205 patients who underwent early arthroscopic surgery as the main treatment. The comparison group was consisted of 220 patients who were prescribed conservative therapy for 3 months as the first stage of treatment; in case of ineffectiveness, arthroscopic diagnostics were performed, followed by surgical correction of the pathology of the synovial plica of the knee. Evaluation of the results was carried out after 1 and 3 months (early and immediate postoperative period), 6 and 12 months (long-term postoperative period), and was based on the data of clinical (complaints and physical examination), instrumental (ultrasound and MRI) examination and test results on the scale Lysholm and a special questionnaire IKDC-2000 by comparing these indicators with the data before and after the surgical treatment of patients. Results. The share of excellent and good long-term results was increased from 80.4% to 92.7%, the frequency of specific complications was reduced from 17.3% to 5.4%. Arthroscopic surgery provided successful therapy in 94.6% of cases in patients with pathological synovial folds of the knee. Long-term rehabilitation of more than 6 months was required in 5.4% (11 out of 205) cases, in particular with recurrent synovitis (7 out of 11; 63.6%), chronic pain in the patellofemoral joint (2 out of 11; 18.2%) and the presence of movement restrictions in the knee joint (2 out of 11; 18.2%). Conclusion. The early use of arthroscopic surgery of pathologically altered synovial folds of the knee joint is accompanied by a positive dynamics of points on the Lysholm scale and the IKDC-2000 questionnaire during treatment and is characterized by the possibility of regression of the intra-articular pathological process with a significant increase in the proportion of excellent and good results in the immediate and late postoperative periods.
Arthroscopic surgery results for plica syndrome of the knee
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PHENOTYPIC RANKING DECISIONS AND TRAIT PREFERENCES OF SHEEP PRODUCERS IN AMHARA REGIONAL STATE OF ETHIOPIA (Text)
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PHENOTYPIC RANKING DECISIONS AND TRAIT PREFERENCES OF SHEEP PRODUCERS IN AMHARA REGIONAL STATE OF ETHIOPIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #638 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PHENOTYPIC RANKING DECISIONS AND TRAIT PREFERENCES OF SHEEP PRODUCERS IN AMHARA REGIONAL STATE OF ETHIOPIA</epc:when>
This study was aimed to investigate comparative trait preferences of farmers’ and selection practices for Rutana and Gumuz sheep breeds in existing production system. Ranking method, such as direct and own-flock ranking experiment with sheep keepers were carried in smallholder and large-scale production systems. Appearance, coat colour and fast growth rate were important traits in selecting breeding rams in smallholder system where as fast growth rate, tail length and appearance were preferred in large-scale system. Mothering ability, multiple births and lambing interval were most preferred for ranking breeding ewes in both systems. The mean of all objectively measured body conformation traits and body weight varies significantly across the farmers ranking categories and in line with their selection decision. In Gumuz sheep breed the average body weight of ewes which ranked as best was superior to rank as poor (34.5 kg vs. 26.7kg); whereas, in Rutana breed it was 39.4 kg vs. 29.5 kg (P<0.05). The farmers’ breeding objectives were improving reproduction, conformation and growth traits, which can increase net cash income per flock through increased number of marketable animals for meat production. Therefore, considering meat production traits is recommended as feasible strategy for future for Gumuz and Rutana sheep genetic improvement and conservation program.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PHENOTYPIC RANKING DECISIONS AND TRAIT PREFERENCES OF SHEEP PRODUCERS IN AMHARA REGIONAL STATE OF ETHIOPIA
Prevalence and antibioresistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolated from lettuce and irrigation water in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (Text)
Prevalence and antibioresistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolated from lettuce and irrigation water in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (Other)
HTML Summary of #576 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Prevalence and antibioresistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolated from lettuce and irrigation water in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso</epc:when>
Introduction. The use of partially or untreated wastewater in the irrigation of vegetable crops constitutes a risk of microbiological contamination that can cause diarrhea in the consumer. Aim. This study mainly aimed to assess the level of contamination of irrigation water and lettuce as well as to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of isolated bacteria. Methods. A total of eighty samples of lettuce and ten irrigation waters were collected from the market gardening sites of Boulmiougou, Bissigin, the National School of Public Health and Tanghin. The research of thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella was done following ISO standard methods. Isolated Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains were tested for their resistance profile by using the Kirby-Bauer method with a panel of twenty different antibiotics. Results. Out of the eighty lettuce samples, 68.75% (55) contained thermotolerant coliforms with an average load of 8.75 ×105 CFU g-1. The prevalence of Escherichia coli was 57.5% (46) and Salmonella prevalence was 11.25% (9) including eight strains of Salmonella enterica spp. and one strain of Salmonella enterica arizonea. All irrigation waters were contaminated by thermotolerant coliforms at an average concentration of 3.11×104 CFU/100mL. The prevalence of Escherichia coli in the irrigation waters was 40% (4/10) while Salmonella enterica spp. was 20% (2/10). The highest antibiotic resistance was found in Escherichia coli strains with ampicillin 28.26%, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 26.09% and tetracycline 19.57%. Conclusion. The water used to irrigate vegetable crops in Ouagadougou could be a major source of contamination of vegetables by microorganisms. In addition, the consumption of lettuce would constitute a risk of propagation of salmonellosis among the population.
Prevalence and antibioresistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolated from lettuce and irrigation water in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
TURKEY MEAT HYGIENE AND BIOLOGICAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT AFTER DEFROSTING (Text)
TURKEY MEAT HYGIENE AND BIOLOGICAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT AFTER DEFROSTING (Other)
HTML Summary of #648 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">TURKEY MEAT HYGIENE AND BIOLOGICAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT AFTER DEFROSTING</epc:when>
Violations of temperature and humidity storage conditions and the intensive development of lactic acid putrefactive microorganisms (micrococcus, yeast, and mold fungi) lead to destructive changes in muscle tissue. The studies established the effect of single and repeated defrosting of turkey meat on the increase in the number of microorganisms that cause spoilage of products and being criteria for meat hygiene and biological safety. As a result of the study, there were no detecting bacteria of the genus Salmonella in a sample of 25g of chilled, defrosted, and re-defrosted turkey meat. Also, there was no detecting growth of Listeria monocytogenes and bacteria of the Escherichia coli group in a sample of 1g of the product. On the other hand, significant changes were in the dynamics of microbial contamination in terms of the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms. Thus, in cooled samples, the total microbial contamination was 3.2×102±0.2 colonies of forming units per 1g of product. In samples of defrosted turkey meat, this indicator increased 1.8 times and amounted to 5.6×102±0.4. However, the obtained value did not exceed the maximum permissible, regulated in the normative and technical documentation. Samples of re-defrosted turkey meat in terms of quantity of Mesophilic Aerobic and Facultative Anaerobic Microorganisms corresponded to 4.7×103±0.2, which is 14.5 times higher than in chilled meat samples and 8.4 times higher than in defrosted meat. In addition, the established value of the indicator of microbial contamination in re-defrosting meat exceeded the maximum permissible value established by regulatory enactments. Thus, there is a direct effect of repeated freezing of raw meat on its good quality and safety. Therefore, the solution to such a practical problem as identifying the thermal state of turkey meat acquires a significant role.
TURKEY MEAT HYGIENE AND BIOLOGICAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT AFTER DEFROSTING
EFFECT OF COCONUT MILK INCLUSION IN ROOT MEAL-BASED DIETS ON PERFORMANCE AND FEED INTAKE OF NATIVE CHICKENS (Text)
EFFECT OF COCONUT MILK INCLUSION IN ROOT MEAL-BASED DIETS ON PERFORMANCE AND FEED INTAKE OF NATIVE CHICKENS (Other)
HTML Summary of #650 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF COCONUT MILK INCLUSION IN ROOT MEAL-BASED DIETS ON PERFORMANCE AND FEED INTAKE OF NATIVE CHICKENS</epc:when>
In pursuit of feed cost reduction for chickens, a reduced feed intake strategy was proposed, but how this strategy works without compromising the chicken performance rarely explored. This study proposes the satiating effects of fresh coconut milk (FCM) as dietary fat for giant swamp taro meal-based (GST) diets on the performance and feed intake reduction of native chickens. One hundred eighty Bisaya native chickens have been grouped into FCM-free and FCM supplemented groups further divided into 0%, 25%, and 50% GST sub-groups of ten chickens in each sub-group. The experiment was laid out in a 2 × 3 factorial in a completely randomized design. The feeding trial started on week 5 post-hatch and terminated on week 12 post-hatch. The average daily feed intake (ADFI) and weight gain (WG) of chicken at weekly intervals were highly significant among FCM as well as GST treatments during weeks 5–7, also the final ADFI and WG. However, no remarkable differences of ADFI and WG in weeks 8–12 feeding. The bodyweight of chickens was highly significant among the FCM group and levels of GST were consistently observed throughout the study period. Neither the FCM nor GST groups differ the values for FCR. However, a bit higher FCR for FCM supplemented and 0% GST treatments. Slaughter weight, meat cuts (breast and thigh) and organ weight (liver, gizzard, and heart) was uninfluenced by either FCM or levels of GST. FCM supplemented diet had higher apparent digestibility of crude ash than FCM-free. 25% GST meal inclusion had higher apparent digestibility of crude fiber compared to 0% and 50% GST. No remarkable FCM×GST interactions in all parameters tested throughout the trial. In conclusion, supplementation of fresh coconut milk to giant swamp taro meal as replacement to maize did not reduce feed intake of chickens but rather increased body weight, weight gain with marginal improvement in FCR. The 50% giant swamp taro replacement to maize compromises overall performance of native chickens. However, supplementing fresh coconut milk to giant swamp taro meal can replace maize up to 25% that gives a better body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio.
EFFECT OF COCONUT MILK INCLUSION IN ROOT MEAL-BASED DIETS ON PERFORMANCE AND FEED INTAKE OF NATIVE CHICKENS
The Importance of Poultry Meat in Medicine: A Review (Text)
The Importance of Poultry Meat in Medicine: A Review (Other)
HTML Summary of #742 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Importance of Poultry Meat in Medicine: A Review</epc:when>
The animal products, such as meat, milk, skin, blood, honey, and urine, have medicinal value for human diseases. Due to having high-quality components, poultry meat has therapeutic value. The present review aimed to describe the medicinal values of poultry meat for individuals who consume it during their life. Most poultry meat is classified as white meat, which contains lower fat and higher protein, compared with the meat of ovine, bovine, and pig. This feature of poultry meat (lower fat and higher protein) helps its consumers to have a normal physiological function of different organ systems. Moreover, it prevents many non-infectious diseases, including overweight, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Selenium and low contents of carcinogenic substances (myoglobin, heme iron, and saturated fat) in poultry meat also prevent different types of cancers. Poultry meat is also recommended to avoid anemia, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Dietary proteins, vitamins, and minerals in chicken meat are used for anti-aging, developing muscle and bone, improving the immune system, and increasing brain function. Traditionally, poultry is recommended as a supportive treatment for respiratory diseases, such as the common cold. Thus, consumption of poultry meat, especially chickens, up to 300g/once a week is recommended to prevent and reduce the risks of gastrointestinal cancers such as oesophageal cancer. Generally, regular consumption of poultry meat has health benefits for humans to prevent and reduce the risk of different diseases as chicken meat is a rich source of nutrition that can enhance the immunity system and tackle human disease risk factors © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
The Importance of Poultry Meat in Medicine: A Review
Characterization and Typology of Traditional Poultry Farming Systems in Southern Niger (Text)
Characterization and Typology of Traditional Poultry Farming Systems in Southern Niger (Other)
HTML Summary of #744 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Characterization and Typology of Traditional Poultry Farming Systems in Southern Niger</epc:when>
An appropriate agricultural policy that integrates knowledge of endogenous poultry practices should enhance household resilience by contributing to food and nutrition security and sustainable development in developing countries. The current cross-sectional survey aimed to characterize poultry breeding systems and identify types of traditional poultry farmers in Maradi and Zinder in southern Niger. Therefore, 600 households were investigated for the socio-economic parameters of poultry farmers, the breeding methods, the zootechnical parameters of the local chicken, and the health parameters relating to biosecurity and animal care. The results of the descriptive analyses indicated that traditional poultry activity is mainly carried out by men (73.5) and small farmers (74.2). Breeding management was primarily free-range breeding (99.3). The majority of the surveyed herders (67.8) were illiterate. However, 41.5 of them attended traditional Islamic Koranic schools. Most farmers (80) were small-scale livestock farmers with an average herd size of 22 ± 24.9. The poultry raised were 93.3 local breeds, with chicken domination (66). The housing did not meet the required standards, and the feed was mainly cereals. The female chicken can potentially produce 12.64 fertile eggs per clutch and brood 3.53 times per year. The leading cause of mortality in poultry was avian diseases (93.7) and Newcastle disease in some cases. Poultry vaccination against Newcastle disease was reported by 31.5 of respondents. Of the respondents, 20 have partially observed hygiene and biosecurity measures. About 35.5 of the participants reported the provision of veterinary care, while 44 used phytotherapy to prevent or treat poultry diseases. Based on the results of this cluster analysis, three classes of poultry farmers were distinguished, each with specific characteristics. Poultry farmers in class 1 were particularly characterized by the diversity of their main activity and their level of education, those in class 2 were mostly employed in agriculture and had little school experience, and those in class 3 were characterized by their low level of vaccination practice and their lack of therapeutic animal care. The results also indicated that 15.7, 70.8, and 13.5 of poultry farmers belonged to classes 1, 2, and 3, respectively © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
Characterization and Typology of Traditional Poultry Farming Systems in Southern Niger
Effects of a Multi-genus Synbiotic (PoultryStar® sol) on Gut Health and Performance of Broiler Breeders (Text)
Effects of a Multi-genus Synbiotic (PoultryStar® sol) on Gut Health and Performance of Broiler Breeders (Other)
HTML Summary of #746 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of a Multi-genus Synbiotic (PoultryStar® sol) on Gut Health and Performance of Broiler Breeders</epc:when>
In recent years, a rising interest has been directed towards the use of nutraceuticals in the zootechnical sector, including probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, as a way to support production efficiency and cope with the increasing limitations to the use of antibiotics. In poultry, however, most studies on these products have been conducted on broilers, while less information is available on their benefits to other productive categories. The present field study aimed to assess the effects of a multi-species synbiotic product (PoultryStar® sol) on the gut health and productive performance of broiler breeders. A total of 24761 day-old Ross 308 parent stock chicks were acquired from a single hatchery and placed on the same farm. Female chicks were divided into three groups and raised in different houses (A, B, and C), in which males were introduced at the age of mating and followed until 40 weeks of age. The synbiotic was provided by drinking water to the flocks in houses A and B, while house C was kept as control. Following the manufacturerâ��s guidelines, the product was administered intermittently once every two weeks, except in the first and the twenty-first week when it was supplied for three consecutive days. Data on performance parameters, egg quality traits, bacterial enteritis scoring, intestinal morphometry, and histopathology were recorded, and the caecal content was collected at 15, 25, and 40 weeks of age to investigate the intestinal microbiota using high-throughput next-generation sequencing. Synbiotic-treated hens showed significantly higher survivability during production compared to the control group. No clear differences were observed between treated and control chickens in terms of egg production and quality, and the effect of the synbiotic on weight gain also appeared limited. From 25 weeks onwards, synbiotic-treated chickens scored better in terms of macroscopical lesions and had longer intestinal villi. Significant differences in crypt length and histopathological lesions were also found at multiple sampling points. A treatment effect on caecal bacterial composition was detected with a differential abundance of Gastranaerophilales, Lachnospiraceae, Helicobacter, Ruminococcaceae, and Clostridia, among others. Taken together, obtained results support the beneficial effects of the intermittent administration of the synbiotic product PoultryStar® sol on the gut health of broiler breeders. © 2022,Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Effects of a Multi-genus Synbiotic (PoultryStar® sol) on Gut Health and Performance of Broiler Breeders
Identification of Adeno-associated Virus in Muscovy Ducks with Chronic Diarrhea (Text)
Identification of Adeno-associated Virus in Muscovy Ducks with Chronic Diarrhea (Other)
HTML Summary of #745 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Identification of Adeno-associated Virus in Muscovy Ducks with Chronic Diarrhea</epc:when>
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are defective members of the genus Dependoparvovirus. Waterfowl parvoviruses, another member of the Dependoparvovirus, were found to be the closest relative of AAVs. This study was performed to identify the genetic changes that may occur to goose parvovirus (GPV) in one Muscovy duck flock that was observed for 12 weeks after the virus was isolated. Persistent watery diarrhea and wing deformity were the common signs. Cloacal swabs were collected from diseased ducks. Unexpectedly, the identified virus was an AAV. The closest strains were duck AAVs at the nucleotide level, identified in Australia and China. Meanwhile, only 52.3 of nucleotide identity was shared with the GPV strain, previously identified from this flock. Duck adenovirus (DAdV) could not be identified in the samples. This study is one of the first studies in which genetic changes of GPV were tracked. In addition, emerging duck AAV from GPV is suggested, which will be useful for future virus classification © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
Identification of Adeno-associated Virus in Muscovy Ducks with Chronic Diarrhea
Increasing the Quality of Blood Tofu in an Industrial Slaughterhouse of Thailand (Text)
Increasing the Quality of Blood Tofu in an Industrial Slaughterhouse of Thailand (Other)
HTML Summary of #743 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Increasing the Quality of Blood Tofu in an Industrial Slaughterhouse of Thailand</epc:when>
Blood tofu, or cooked duck blood curd, is a Chinese delicacy in East Asia. Its quality and shelf-life are low due to microorganism contamination during production. Therefore, the present study was performed to investigate the role of sodium diacetate (SD), sodium chloride (NaCl), and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) combinations in increasing the quality of blood tofu. A total of 45 cooked duck blood curd samples were randomly divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates per group. The first two groups were used to investigate the effect of SD, NaCl, and PEG combinations on microbiological and physical analyses for non-inoculated samples. Another group was used to determine the effect of antimicrobial combinations on Lactobacillus plantarum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus in inoculated samples that were inoculated with these bacteria. All groups were treated with control-sterilized water, 0.15 SD (w/v) + 1.25 NaCl (w/v), 0.30 SD (w/v) + 1.25 NaCl (w/v), 0.15 SD (w/v) + 0.15 PEG (w/v), and 0.15 SD (w/v) + 1.25 NaCl (w/v) + 0.15 PEG (w/v). The results indicated that soaking cooked duck blood curd samples in antimicrobial agent combinations could reduce mesophile and psychrophile bacteria counts in non-inoculated samples. Additionally, 0.15 SD + 1.25 NaCl + 0.15 PEG combination had a higher reduction in mesophile and psychrophile counts, compared to soaking the samples in 0.30 SD + 1.25 NaCl, 0.15 SD + 1.25 NaCl and 0.15 SD + 0.15 PEG combinations. Similarly, this combination showed a significant decrease in lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus counts in inoculated samples. Furthermore, soaking the samples in 0.15 SD + 1.25 NaCl + 0.15 PEG combination did not negatively affect the samplesâ�� physical quality. Soaking the samples in 0.15 SD + 1.25 NaCl + 0.15 PEG combination inhibited the growth of mesophile, psychrophile, and Pseudomonas in non-inoculated samples after storage for 10, 6, 10, and 8 days in a slaughter warehouse at 7°C, respectively, and extended shelf-life of samples for 16 days. Regarding physical quality changes, this treatment delayed the reduction of pH, hue, hardness, and chewiness of the samples after storage for 10, 8, 12, and 10 days, respectively. Thus, SD, NaCl, and PEG combination had a high preservative potential for cooked duck blood curd used in industrial slaughterhouses © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
Increasing the Quality of Blood Tofu in an Industrial Slaughterhouse of Thailand
Potential Carbon Thickness on Ammonia Content in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaponics System with Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) (Text)
Potential Carbon Thickness on Ammonia Content in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaponics System with Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) (Other)
HTML Summary of #353 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Potential Carbon Thickness on Ammonia Content in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaponics System with Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)</epc:when>
The application of aquaponics aquaculture is needed to improve water quality, especially the addition of filtration materials which act as absorbent planting mediums for ammonia nitrogen content in toxic water. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of the carbon thickness on ammonia levels in Nile tilapia in aquaponics systems with Water spinach. The study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments and five replications. The main parameter was ammonia level. Supporting parameters in this study included initial and final growth of Water spinach, fish survival rate, specific growth rate, and water quality which included temperature measurement, dissolved oxygen, and pH. Each treatment consisted of variations of carbon thicknesses at P0 (control), P1 (5 cm), P2 (7 cm), and P3 (9 cm). The results revealed that ammonia levels were significantly different at P1, P2, and P3 in the third and fourth weeks. Ammonia levels during the study decreased from 0.3969 ppm to 0.1741 ppm. The reported value of 7.2 was for acidity degree, 29.3°C for the temperature, 5.94 ppm for dissolved oxygen, 8.42 cm for the growth of Water spinach, 0.44% for the specific growth rate, and 90% for the survival rate. Carbon thickness caused a decrease in ammonia levels in Nile tilapia with aquaponics systems through the medium of Water spinach.
Potential Carbon Thickness on Ammonia Content in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaponics System with Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)
Microbial Contamination and Adulteration Detection of Meat Products in Egypt (Text)
Microbial Contamination and Adulteration Detection of Meat Products in Egypt (Other)
HTML Summary of #355 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Microbial Contamination and Adulteration Detection of Meat Products in Egypt</epc:when>
Meat products as rich sources of several nutrients are easily contaminated by microorganisms, which are widely predominant in the environment. Moreover, meat products could also be adulterated with equine, pig, chicken, and mouse meat, and their existence is risky for consumers. A total of 140 meat product samples (minced beef meat, beef burger, sausage, beef luncheon, frankfurter, kofta, and bastirma; 20 samples from each product) were gathered from various supermarkets in Cairo governorate, Egypt. Those samples were subjected to bacteriological and mycological examination together with a novel multiplex PCR method to detect bovine, donkey, horse, pork, chicken, and mouse species in the processed meat in a single reaction step. The results revealed that minced meat had the highest total colony count and Staphylococcus aureus counts were the highest in sausage samples. Escherichia coli mean values were the highest in luncheon samples and minced meat indicated the highest Salmonella count. However, beef burger counts were the highest for both yeast and mold count. For multiplex PCR results, only 16.4% of meat products samples were negative for bovine species. Moreover, 88.5% and 9.2% were respectively positive to chicken and mouse speciesand negative to equine and pig species. Thus, microbial contamination reported in the current study could raise attention toward the implementation of food safety standards in both factories and markets. Moreover, and multiplex PCR-based assay executed in the current study is suggested since it could afford sensitive and specific detection of mitochondrial cytochrome-b (mtcyt-b) DNA in processed meat products samples to detect and prevent troubles related to wellbeing and safety.
Microbial Contamination and Adulteration Detection of Meat Products in Egypt
Molecular Detection of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Broiler Chickens of Diyala Province, Iraq (Text)
Molecular Detection of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Broiler Chickens of Diyala Province, Iraq (Other)
HTML Summary of #101 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Molecular Detection of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Broiler Chickens of Diyala Province, Iraq</epc:when>
Many broiler chickens farms in Diyala Province, Iraq, have shown clinical signs of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in broiler chickens, including depression of birds, petechial hemorrhage in muscles of the thigh, and swollen bursa. Therefore, in the current study, necropsy samples (liver, spleen, bursa, and kidney) were collected from the mentioned broiler chickens. The samples were then subjected to conventional RT-PCR using specific primers to the VP2 gene. The results showed that five out of seven collected samples were positive to IBDV, and the RT-PCR produced a fragment of 260 bp. Furthermore, four tissue bursa samples were sent to AniCon Labor GmbH- Germany by using (FTA- card including four spots) for detection of IBDV by real-time RT-PCR using VP1 and VP2 genes to distinguish the pathogenic virulent strain of IBDV from non-virulent IBDV strains and to make the phylogenetic tree. Results showed that duplex RT-PCR generated a fragment of 690bp for VP1 gene and 700bp for VP2 genes of detected IBDV. Two out of 4 samples from suspected flocks were found positive with prevalence results of 50% for intermediated and non-virulent IBDV strains (IBDV nvv), and 50% (2 samples) were very virulent (vvIBDV). The threshold Cycle (Ct) value for RT-PCR for two isolates on bursa tissue ranged from 16.6 to 25.7. One strain was recorded in NCBI with the accession number of (MW8883071). Phylogenetic analysis of detected and sequenced IBDV indicated that the local studied virus was closely related to 710- Jordan isolate (accession number MF142560.1) and to the isolate 267-Jordan (MF 142517.1) with a higher identity reach of (99.2%).
Molecular Detection of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Broiler Chickens of Diyala Province, Iraq
Sequencing Analysis of Local Avian Coronavirus Isolated from Infected Broiler Chickens in Babylon Province, Iraq (Text)
Sequencing Analysis of Local Avian Coronavirus Isolated from Infected Broiler Chickens in Babylon Province, Iraq (Other)
HTML Summary of #106 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Sequencing Analysis of Local Avian Coronavirus Isolated from Infected Broiler Chickens in Babylon Province, Iraq</epc:when>
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is one of the important contagious diseases in the poultry industry, through which genome alternation can lead to a newly modified IB strain. Many IB outbreaks in recent years have occurred in Babylon, Iraq, even with the implementation of a vaccination program. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the IB virus genome to identify the circulating strain. In this regard, any respiratory signs in broiler chickens were initially diagnosed as IB in seven farms of Babylon province, Iraq, from January to March 2021 leading to high economic loss. A total of 25 serological tests indicated infection with IB disease. Then, Flinders Technology Associates cards loaded with samples were sent to AniCon Labor GmbH Laboratory diagnostic in Germany for identification by extraction and sequencing the fragment of the S1 spike protein-coding gene. In the next step, the viral sequences were compared with the globally known strains of vaccines and field strains in the GenBank database using the NCBI. The results indicated a high similarity of the strain MZ520128 in the current investigation with IQ1 (MH747093.1) and Israeli (IS/1494/06) strains by 98.3% and 81.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the similarity of the current isolate with vaccine strains was reported as 24-43%. This variance among the current isolates with other strains could explain the reasons the vaccination strains and programs provide poor protection against the field infected by IBV. The current isolate of MZ520128 was a circulating pathogen with economic losses and the commercially available vaccine did not provide enough level to stand against the incidence of the disease.
Sequencing Analysis of Local Avian Coronavirus Isolated from Infected Broiler Chickens in Babylon Province, Iraq
Effects of Egg Coverages on Storage and Pre-incubation Periods in Broiler Breeder Eggs (Text)
Effects of Egg Coverages on Storage and Pre-incubation Periods in Broiler Breeder Eggs (Other)
HTML Summary of #107 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Egg Coverages on Storage and Pre-incubation Periods in Broiler Breeder Eggs</epc:when>
The quality of the hatching eggs decreases when the storage period is prolonged leading to a loss of water from the egg. The current study aimed to assess the effects of coverage, storage, and pre-incubation on egg characteristics of broiler breeders. A total of 360 broiler breeder eggs (Ross, 308) used in the current study were randomly distributed in a three-factorial experiment (2 × 2 × 3). The study included two treatments for coverage (covered with nylon and uncovered), two treatments (4 and 7 days) for storage, and three treatments (0, 4, and 8 hours) for pre-incubation. For each treatment, there were three replicates (10 eggs in each replicate). The eggs were pre-incubated at 37.5°C (99.5°F) and 85% relative humidity, while the storage temperature was 15-18°C and 55-60% relative humidity. The results showed that the hatchability from fertile eggs significantly increased in covered eggs, compared to uncovered ones. However, the characteristics of the shell and the shape index were not significantly affected by the three factors. Yolk high and yolk index significantly decreased in eggs stored for seven days, compared to the eggs stored for four days. Eggs coverage during storage significantly reduced moisture loss on the first and seventh days of egg incubation, compared to uncovered eggs. In addition, the lowest significant value of moisture loss appeared at incubation days of 7, 15, and 18 for covered eggs with 4 days of storage but without pre-incubation. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that the coverage decreased moisture loss during egg storage. Furthermore, the interaction between coverage factor and pre-incubation factor indicated the albumin high increased significantly in eggs covered and pre-incubated for 8 hours.
Effects of Egg Coverages on Storage and Pre-incubation Periods in Broiler Breeder Eggs
Occurrence of Aflatoxin B1 in Animal Feed Collected from the Northeastern Area of Morocco (Text)
Occurrence of Aflatoxin B1 in Animal Feed Collected from the Northeastern Area of Morocco (Other)
HTML Summary of #360 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Occurrence of Aflatoxin B1 in Animal Feed Collected from the Northeastern Area of Morocco</epc:when>
The carry-over of contaminants from feed to animal products is an important issue in the animal production chain, therefore, the quality control of those animal products should include the control of the animal feed. The current study was carried out to assess the contamination levels of three types of animal feed (dairy animal feed, poultry feed, and fish feed) by Aflatoxin B1. A total of 68 animal feed samples were collected from the Northeastern Moroccan area (Tangier-Tétouan-AL Hoceima). The samples were extracted with a mixture of acetone/water. The sample extractions were filtered, diluted with phosphate-buffered saline, and applied to an immunoaffinity column. Aflatoxin B1 was eluted with methanol then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, after post-column photochemical derivatization. The analytical results for the level of Aflatoxin B1 in the animal feed samples revealed an average presence of 44.12% for all analyzed samples. The concentrations were between 1.02 and 13.59 µg/Kg, with a mean value of 4.08 ± 3.11 µg/Kg. The results indicated that there was a significant difference across the three types of animal feeds regarding the concentrations of Aflatoxin B1.
Occurrence of Aflatoxin B1 in Animal Feed Collected from the Northeastern Area of Morocco
Gastroprotective Effect of Conocarpus Erectus Plus Omega-3 on Experimentally Induced Ulcer in Rats (Text)
Gastroprotective Effect of Conocarpus Erectus Plus Omega-3 on Experimentally Induced Ulcer in Rats (Other)
HTML Summary of #378 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Gastroprotective Effect of Conocarpus Erectus Plus Omega-3 on Experimentally Induced Ulcer in Rats</epc:when>
There has been a dearth of research on the gastroprotective effect of Conocarpus erectus in the literature so the current study was designed to estimate the ability of Conocarpus erectus (C. erectus) leaves extract alone and in combination with omega-3 regarding gastroprotective effects. A total of 30 male rats were divided into five groups (n = 6). All animals induced gastric ulcer by 80 mg/kg of naproxen orally twice a day for three consecutive days. At the same time, the animals treated orally with 175 mg/kg omega-3, 250 mg/kg C. erectus, 80 mg omega-3 + 150 mg C. erectus, 10 mg/kg of lansoprazole, and 2 ml/kg of DMSO were named T1, T2, T3, T4, and TC, respectively. The obtained results of the present study indicated the presence of flavonoids, saponin, and tannin as active ingredients in C. erectus leaves extract. Consequently, C. erectus seemed to have the potential of chelating metals in a concentration-dependent manner. Gross and histopathology findings showed the highly protective capability of C. erectus and omega-3 against ulcerative lesion, compared to the time each was used alone. The outcomes of the current study indicated that using C. erectus alone or plus omega-3 can protect the gastric mucosa from the ulceration induced by naproxen, and the chelating properties of C. erectus.
Gastroprotective Effect of Conocarpus Erectus Plus Omega-3 on Experimentally Induced Ulcer in Rats
Isolation and Molecular Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Commercial Layer Chickens in Sylhet, Bangladesh (Text)
Isolation and Molecular Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Commercial Layer Chickens in Sylhet, Bangladesh (Other)
HTML Summary of #383 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Isolation and Molecular Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Commercial Layer Chickens in Sylhet, Bangladesh</epc:when>
Mycoplasma gallisepticum induced poultry diseases are associated with a huge economic crisis and have a considerable impact on the poultry industry worldwide. The aim of the current study was to isolate and perform molecular detection of MG circulating pathogenic strain in the commercial layer farms in the Sylhet district of Bangladesh. The entire study was conducted from January 2018 to January 2019 at three Upazilas of Sylhet district in Bangladesh. A total of 50 dead layer chickens (indicating signs of respiratory distress before death) were collected randomly from 15 different layer farms. The tissue samples, such as air sacs, trachea, and lungs, were taken from suspected dead chickens. Both cultural and PCR-based techniques were applied to identify Mycoplasma from tissue samples. The conventional PCR technique was implemented to amplify 185 bp DNA fragments for the MG. Out of 50 samples, 36% (18/50) and 70% (35/50) of MG were identified by cultural method and PCR, respectively. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that PCR is an easier, more sensitive, and less time-consuming method for the early diagnosis of MG in chickens, compared to cultural isolation and hence can lower the economic burden to poultry farmers caused by this disease.
Isolation and Molecular Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Commercial Layer Chickens in Sylhet, Bangladesh
The Effect of Mycotoxins in Naturally Contaminated Diet on the Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli in Broiler Chickens (Text)
The Effect of Mycotoxins in Naturally Contaminated Diet on the Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli in Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #384 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effect of Mycotoxins in Naturally Contaminated Diet on the Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli in Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Contamination of feedstuffs with mycotoxins is considered a huge issue plaguing the poultry sector of Egypt. Therefore, the current study was conducted to examine the effect of the neglected natural mycotoxin contamination of ration on the clinicopathological picture of Escherichia coli infection in broiler chickens. A total of 240 one-day-old chicks were divided into 5 groups. The first 3 groups (1, 2, and 3) were further equally subdivided into 2 subgroups (A and B). Those in group A were fed on commercial ration treated with antimycotoxin while group B was fed on ration contaminated with mycotoxins. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were inoculated at one-day-old with E. coli O78, O128, and O157, respectively while group 4 was kept as a negative control and fed on a ration treated with antimycotoxin. Finally, group 5 was kept as positive controls and fed on a mycotoxin contaminated ration and inoculated with physiological saline. All groups contained 30 chicks. Results showed that the challenged groups fed on a ration containing mycotoxin had high mortality (23.3%) and also a high feed conversion ratio. Moreover, severe clinical symptoms, postmortem lesions, histopathological pictures, and a high rate of bacterial re-isolation were recorded. The pathological lesions were congestion of the liver, spleen, and kidneys in addition to severe pericarditis, perihepatitis, air sacullitis, ascites, and unabsorbed yolk sac. The histopathological changes included degeneration, necrosis, and liver inflammation with lymphoid depletion in the spleen and enteritis associated with sloughing of the mucosal epithelium. The obtained results were less severe in the challenged groups fed on a ration treated with antimycotoxin indicating combined action of both Escherichia coli and mycotoxins. In conclusion, the obtained results revealed that the mycotoxins even at low concentrations can augment the pathogenisity of Echerichia coli in broiler chickens.
The Effect of Mycotoxins in Naturally Contaminated Diet on the Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli in Broiler Chickens
Pathotypic, Molecular, and Serological Response of Specific-pathogen-free Chickens Inoculated by Three Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Strains (Text)
Pathotypic, Molecular, and Serological Response of Specific-pathogen-free Chickens Inoculated by Three Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Strains (Other)
HTML Summary of #147 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Pathotypic, Molecular, and Serological Response of Specific-pathogen-free Chickens Inoculated by Three Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Strains</epc:when>
Three field strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were isolated in 2015 from the bursa of Fabricius of affected broiler chickens originating from Moroccan broiler farms and were characterized as very virulent IBDV. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenicity of the above-identified IBD strains (accession number), MN241434.1, MN241436.1, and MN241439.1. In this trial, 75 three-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were randomly divided into four groups. Three groups of 1, 2, and 3 (n = 20 chicks/group) were inoculated via intra oculonasal route with 103.5 EID50 of MN241434.1, MN241436.1, and MN241439.1, respectively. Group 4 (n = 15) was kept as control. Chickens from all groups were monitored during 14 days post-challenge (dpc). Dead and euthanized birds were necropsied and their lymphoid organs (bursa, thymus, and spleen) were subjected to histopathological examination and lesion scoring. Serological response and presence of IBDV in the bursa of Fabricius were investigated using ELISA and rRT-PCR, respectively. Chickens in all challenged groups showed characteristic signs of IBD, including prostration, dehydration, aqueous diarrhea, and ruffled feathers, starting mostly at 2 dpc. The total mortality rate was 100% at 4 dpc in groups 1 and 2 and 76.47% in group 3. Bursa of Fabricius from affected birds revealed severe lymphoid depletion and necrosis with mean bursal lesion score between 3 and 5 (4 for MN241434.1 and MN241436.1, and 4.125 for MN241439.1). Similar severe lesions were observed in the spleen of all infected broiler chickens. Histological lesions in the thymus were detected from 2 dpc with individual cell necrosis. Serological results revealed that survived chickens in group 3 developed Ab anti-IBDV at 7, 9, and 14 dpc. RT-PCR confirmed the presence of the IBDV in BF of all infected chickens. These results indicated that the investigated local field IBDV strains genetically characterized as vvIBDV were phenotypically hypervirulent pathotypes of IBDV in SPF chickens hence reflecting the epidemiological Moroccan and regional IBD. This constitutes a potential candidate reference strains to be used in the development of strategies for the prevention and control of IBD in Morocco.
Pathotypic, Molecular, and Serological Response of Specific-pathogen-free Chickens Inoculated by Three Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Strains
Sperm Quality and Histology of the Testis and Epididymis in Chemical Castrated Male Cats with Intra-testicular Injection of Sodium Chloride Solution (Text)
Sperm Quality and Histology of the Testis and Epididymis in Chemical Castrated Male Cats with Intra-testicular Injection of Sodium Chloride Solution (Other)
HTML Summary of #399 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Sperm Quality and Histology of the Testis and Epididymis in Chemical Castrated Male Cats with Intra-testicular Injection of Sodium Chloride Solution</epc:when>
The high population of feral cats in Bali, Indonesia, could be a problem associated with cat welfare and the risk of zoonotic diseases. Gonadectomy or male castration is an option for population control; however, there would be more economical ways to reach this goal. Sterilization using chemicals is an alternative to the surgical method of castration as it is reasonably priced, activated in a short time, and does not affect animal activity after the chemical administration. The present study aimed to evaluate intratesticular injection of Sodium chloride as an agent of chemosterilants in male cats. In the current study, 16 healthy male cats aged nearly one year old were randomly selected. The male cats were allocated into four groups containing four cats in each. Group 1 (control) received bilateral intratesticular injection with 0.25 mL normal saline solution containing 2% Lidocaine. The cats in groups 2, 3, and 4 received bilateral intratesticular injection of 0.25 mL Sodium chloride solution containing 2% Lidocaine with a concentration of 15%, 20%, and 25%, respectively. At the end of the study (after 30 days of injection), the cats were castrated and their testes were removed for sperm quality and histopathological evaluation. The results of the present study indicated that intratesticular injection of Sodium chloride significantly decreased the motility and viability rates, and increased the abnormalities of the sperms. Histopathological studies revealed marked depletion of spermatozoa in the testes and seminiferous tubular degeneration, seminiferous tubular atrophy, and epithelial cell vacuolation. In conclusion, the injection of 20-25% solution of Sodium chloride in testes had the potential as a chemosterilant for chemical sterilization in cats.
Sperm Quality and Histology of the Testis and Epididymis in Chemical Castrated Male Cats with Intra-testicular Injection of Sodium Chloride Solution
Dynamics of Morphological Indicators of Blood of Piglets under the Influence of Iron Clathrochelate Complex and Cyanocobalamin (Text)
Dynamics of Morphological Indicators of Blood of Piglets under the Influence of Iron Clathrochelate Complex and Cyanocobalamin (Other)
HTML Summary of #401 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Dynamics of Morphological Indicators of Blood of Piglets under the Influence of Iron Clathrochelate Complex and Cyanocobalamin</epc:when>
Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common non-contagious diseases of piglets. Veterinary antianemic drugs have several drawbacks, so finding new medicines is an important current task for scientists. Therefore, the present study investigated the antianemic effect of iron (IV) clathrochelate in the organism of piglets. The subsequent studies included the exploration of its antianemic actions, particularly in combination with cyanocobalamin when this combination was administered to sows for prophylaxis in piglets. The experiment was carried out on 30 suckling piglets during the period of their detention with sows. According to the method of analogue groups, two groups of control (I) and experimental (II, each containing 15 animals) were formed and they were studied for 30 days. The piglets from five sows (three from each) were selected for the experimental group. During the pregnancy of these sows, 10 ml of 10% solution of iron (IV) IV clathrochelate and solution of cyanocobalamin were injected intramuscularly twice 7 and 14 days before their expected farrowing. For prevention of iron deficiency anemia, the traditional solution of iron dextran was administered once intramuscularly to piglets of the control group. The investigative material included the blood samples of piglets considering the dynamics of probable changes in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin content and hematocrit, and other morphological indicators and blood indices of piglets. The dynamics of changes in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content, hematocrit, leukocytes and platelets, indices of blood almost did not differ from the dynamics of these values when using only 10% solution of iron (IV) clathrochelate for pregnant sows. The proposed scheme for the prophylaxis of iron deficiency anemia in piglets, involving simultaneous intramuscular injections of IV clathrochelate and cyanocobalamin to pregnant sows, is somewhat inferior to the previous preventive measures, which included only the intramuscular injections of iron (IV) IV clathrochelate, but it can be recommended as highly effective.
Dynamics of Morphological Indicators of Blood of Piglets under the Influence of Iron Clathrochelate Complex and Cyanocobalamin
Impact of Replacing Different Levels of Panicum maximum in Rabbit Diets on Growth Performance, Hemato-Biochemical Profile, and Histological Responses of Some Internal Organs (Text)
Impact of Replacing Different Levels of Panicum maximum in Rabbit Diets on Growth Performance, Hemato-Biochemical Profile, and Histological Responses of Some Internal Organs (Other)
HTML Summary of #410 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Impact of Replacing Different Levels of Panicum maximum in Rabbit Diets on Growth Performance, Hemato-Biochemical Profile, and Histological Responses of Some Internal Organs</epc:when>
There has been an interest in alternative sources in rabbit feeding. Therefore, the current study aimed to estimate the health status, growth performance, hemato-biochemical, and histological picture of some important internal organs in growing Newziland rabbits as a result of replacing different levels of Panicum maximum (PM) in its pelleted diet. A total of 35 weaned rabbits (20 males and 15 females) aged 5 weeks were purchased with an average body weight of 839.7 ± 7.05 g and 771.20 ± 9.19 g for males and females, respectively. Randomly, five equal rabbit groups were formed (7 rabbits in each group). The first group (control) was fed a basal diet without PM. The second, third, fourth, and fifth groups were fed pelleted diets containing PM with a replacing percent of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of clover hay, respectively. All groups were fed ad libitum of pelleted feed for two months. The blood was aspirated individually three times, including at the beginning of the experiment (as zero time), after one month, and at the end of the experiment, respectively. The whole blood was used for the measurement of hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit percentage, erythrocytes, and total leukocyte counts. At the experimental end, in each group, 3 male rabbits were sacrificed and their internal organs including liver, kidney, cecum, and rectum were collected for histopathology. The live body weight was significantly affected by sex where males were heavier than females, also feed conversion ratio, growth rate, and feed intake were significantly affected by feeding on different levels of PM. Blood hemoglobin, hematocrit, and the total leukocytic count had a non-significant effect while the erythrocyte count increased significantly in all experimental groups. There were insignificant changes in plasma total protein, albumin, globulin, ALT, AST, creatinine, and glucose concentrations when different levels of PM were added. furthermore, the plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly decreased in rabbits fed PM, 75% and 100% when compared with 25%, 50%, and control groups. Finally, replacement PM instead of clover hay in pelleted diets till 75% was found to be the safety and optimum percentage for biological and healthy rabbits.
Impact of Replacing Different Levels of Panicum maximum in Rabbit Diets on Growth Performance, Hemato-Biochemical Profile, and Histological Responses of Some Internal Organs
Intervention Strategies for Controlling Poultry Coccidiosis: Current Knowledge (Text)
Intervention Strategies for Controlling Poultry Coccidiosis: Current Knowledge (Other)
HTML Summary of #171 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Intervention Strategies for Controlling Poultry Coccidiosis: Current Knowledge</epc:when>
Poultry coccidiosis is considered one of the most important continuous threats that frustrates the poultry industry around the world and causes serious adverse effects on poultry productivity. Accordingly, this article comprehensively reviewed the recent control strategies that are applied against such disease regarding medication, vaccination, and application of some natural products. The causative agent of coccidiosis is a protozoon parasite of the genus Eimeria. This parasite is characterized by the host, different parts of the intestines, and immune specificity. Chicken is the most susceptible host to intestinal infections with Eimeria species. Diarrhea, loss of profitability, and intestinal lesions are the most characteristic clinical picture of Eimeria infection. Prevention and control of such infections remain a great problem. The application of hygienic measures is still the gold standard for the prevention of avian coccidiosis. Anticoccidials medication either in the feed or water can effectively reduce Eimeria infection, however, the development of drug resistance to the commonly used anticoccidial drugs is incessant. Live non-attenuated and attenuated as well as recombinant and sub-unit vaccines were developed with some limitations. Therefore, using some natural alternatives, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and phytobiotics have emerged as anticoccidial compounds.
Intervention Strategies for Controlling Poultry Coccidiosis: Current Knowledge
Impact of Replacing Soybean Meal with Sunflower Meal, Sesame Meal, and Black Seed Meal in diets of Barki Lambs (Text)
Impact of Replacing Soybean Meal with Sunflower Meal, Sesame Meal, and Black Seed Meal in diets of Barki Lambs (Other)
HTML Summary of #423 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Impact of Replacing Soybean Meal with Sunflower Meal, Sesame Meal, and Black Seed Meal in diets of Barki Lambs</epc:when>
Crude protein content in animal diet is considered the first important factor for nutritionists when they start to formulate a diet for different types of animals. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of substituting soybean seed meal by different protein sources on lamb’s diet in terms of nutrients digestibility, and growth performance. Therefore, four tested concentrate feed mixtures (CFM, 14% crude protein) were designed. The CFM1 contained soybean meal as the only source of protein, and 50% of soybean meal protein was replaced by either sunflower meal, sesame seed meal, or black seed meal in CFM2, CFM3, and CFM4 groups, respectively. A total of 28 growing Barki male lambs aged 6 months with an average body weight of 38.6 ± 0.4 Kg were used in feeding trials for 120 days. Depending on their body weight, lambs were divided into four groups (7 animals in each). Each group fed on one of the experimental diets, including D1 (CFM1+ clover hay), D2 (CFM2 + clover hay), D3 (CFM3 + clover hay), and D4 (CFM4 + clover hay). Results of digestion coefficients indicted that the digestibility of crude protein and the nitrogen-free extract was significantly higher for D1 and D4, compared to D2 and D3. The same trend was observed in nutritive values expressed as total digestible nutrients (TDN) and digestible crude protein (DCP), whereas the D1 and D4 recorded higher TDN and DCP, compared to D2 and D3. Results of rumen parameters demonstrated that there were insignificant differences among groups regarding the average pH, ammonia (NH3-N), and total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs). Data of growth performance indicated that the final live body weight, total body gain, and average daily gain of lambs feed D4 (56.75 kg, 18.62 kg, and 155 g, respectively) and D1 (56.62 kg, 17.60 kg, and 147 g, respectively) were higher than those for lambs fed D2 (53.40 Kg, 14.64 kg, and 122 g, respectively) and D3 (53.11 kg, 14.61 kg, and 122 g, respectively). The feed conversion ratio (feed/gain) was recorded better value with lambs fed D4 followed by that fed D1. In conclusion, black seed meal could be replaced with the 50% of soybean meal participation of protein in growing Barki lambs’ diets without any adverse effects on digestibility, rumen kinetics, and growth performance.
Impact of Replacing Soybean Meal with Sunflower Meal, Sesame Meal, and Black Seed Meal in diets of Barki Lambs
The Effect of Yellow and Red-fleshed Watermelon Rind Powder Dietary Supplementation on Plasma Metabolites in Indigenous Chickens (Text)
The Effect of Yellow and Red-fleshed Watermelon Rind Powder Dietary Supplementation on Plasma Metabolites in Indigenous Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #189 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effect of Yellow and Red-fleshed Watermelon Rind Powder Dietary Supplementation on Plasma Metabolites in Indigenous Chickens</epc:when>
Watermelon rind (WR) content is rich in citrulline (Cit). Oral administration of L-Cit could improve thermotolerance in layer and broiler chickens due to its hypothermic role. Additionally, chronic supplementation of WR dried powder (WRP) increases feed intake but makes no changes to the body temperature. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of yellow and red WRP supplementation on plasma metabolites as well as and liver and spleen weight. In Experiment 1, a total of 20 indigenous chicks aged 1-14 days were treated with different doses of yellow WRP (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) supplemented in a commercial diet. Similarly, 20 indigenous chicks with the age range of 1-14 days were treated in Experiment 2 with different doses of red WRP (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) supplemented in a commercial diet. The obtained results indicated that the yellow WRP supplementation caused a linearly increased plasma total cholesterol (TCHO). However, the red WRP neither increased plasma TCHO linearly nor plasma glucose (Glu), although plasma Glu concentration significantly increased by 6% red WRP supplementation. These results suggest that supplementation of both yellow and red WRP to a commercial diet could change the concentrations of plasma metabolites, while the effect of yellow WRP may be different, compared to that of red WRP.
The Effect of Yellow and Red-fleshed Watermelon Rind Powder Dietary Supplementation on Plasma Metabolites in Indigenous Chickens
Adding Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix) Leaf Essential Oil to Gelatin Coating for Extending the Shelf Life of Red Snapper Fillet (Text)
Adding Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix) Leaf Essential Oil to Gelatin Coating for Extending the Shelf Life of Red Snapper Fillet (Other)
HTML Summary of #430 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Adding Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix) Leaf Essential Oil to Gelatin Coating for Extending the Shelf Life of Red Snapper Fillet</epc:when>
Red Snappers contain high content protein and water which makes them highly perishable. However, they are widely processed into the fillet. One of the disadvantages of filleting is the short shelf life due to the high water content turning the fillets into an ideal media for bacteria. The edible coating protects the meat from perishability by reducing the water vapor, aroma, and lipid migration. One of the potential protein sources for coating is gelatin. The essential oil content that has a role in inhibiting bacterial growth is citronellal. The present study aimed to determine the effects of adding Kaffir limes (Citrus hystrix) leaf essential oil to a gelatin coating on the shelf life of red snappers’ fillet. An experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with four treatment groups based on the concentration of Citrus hystrix essential oil and five replications (n = 3 per group). In this regard, the treatments were named P0 (0% of Citrus hystrix), P1 (1% of Citrus hystrix), P2 (1.5% of Citrus hystrix), and P3 (2% of Citrus hystrix). The investigated parameters included total plate count, sensory quality, and acidity. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that the addition of 1.5% and 2% Citrus hystrix essential oil decreased the number of bacteria, and led to a higher sensory quality. In conclusion, The addition of Citrus hystrix essential oil in the gelatin-coating process can be used as a method of processing the fishery products to extend the shelf life of red snappers’ fillet at room temperature and inhibit bacterial growth.
Adding Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix) Leaf Essential Oil to Gelatin Coating for Extending the Shelf Life of Red Snapper Fillet
Clinical Diagnosis of Leptospirosis in Malaysia: Challenges and Prospects (Text)
Clinical Diagnosis of Leptospirosis in Malaysia: Challenges and Prospects (Other)
HTML Summary of #433 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Clinical Diagnosis of Leptospirosis in Malaysia: Challenges and Prospects</epc:when>
Leptospirosis is a neglected emerging zoonosis occurring both in urban environments and rural regions worldwide. During occupational and recreational activities, individuals who directly or indirectly contact the urine of infected animals are at a high risk of infection. Southeast Asia is reported to have the highest incidence of leptospirosis in the world. The disease is endemic in Malaysia and has consistently caused outbreaks among humans with severe outcomes. Early diagnosis is vital for commence treatment thereby minimizing the harmful effects of the disease. It also allows the implementation of measures to control the spread to humans and the environment. In this article, an attempt was made to review the current diagnostic methods including challenges faced by healthcare service providers during the diagnosis of acute cases, as well as the emerging technologies used for early and accurate diagnosis. The review also highlighted innovative ideas that can be integrated into developing practical solutions, including the crucial roles of the patients, reservoir hosts, and the environments that harbor the bacteria.
Clinical Diagnosis of Leptospirosis in Malaysia: Challenges and Prospects
Global Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus in Horses of Morocco (Text)
Global Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus in Horses of Morocco (Other)
HTML Summary of #448 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Global Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus in Horses of Morocco</epc:when>
West Nile Fever (WNF) is a viral emerging mosquito-borne disease causing mortality and morbidity with varying severity (from mild fever to severe neuroinvasive disease) among human and animal populations in many parts of the world. The current study aimed to confirm the virus circulation and assess the disease seroprevalence in horses of Morocco. A sample of 1171 healthy non-vaccinated (against-WNF) horses, taken from 11 (out of 12) regions of the country during July-December 2016, was primarily tested using competitive ELISA assay (cELISA). All cELISA-reactive positive and doubtful sera (n= 269) were further tested by virus neutralization test (VNT). The results of cELISA test revealed an overall WNF seroprevalence in 21.8% (255/1171) of sampled horses. This rate decreased to 18.8% (220/1171) after the confirmation of VNT. The WNF seroprevalence in the current study varied significantly by age, gender, and breed of the tested horses. Indeed, the higher seropositivity rates were found in the oldest (27.7%), female (22.0%), and saddle (32.1%) horses. However, the origin of animals did not show any significant effect on the West Nile virus infection. The obtained results of the present study, therefore, provided serological and epidemiological evidence of the endemicity of the WNV in horse populations of Morocco.
Global Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus in Horses of Morocco
Influence of Dietary Protein on Embryonic Development and Hatching Traits of Indigenous Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) Breeders in Togo (Text)
Influence of Dietary Protein on Embryonic Development and Hatching Traits of Indigenous Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) Breeders in Togo (Other)
HTML Summary of #236 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Influence of Dietary Protein on Embryonic Development and Hatching Traits of Indigenous Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) Breeders in Togo</epc:when>
The diet of breeding indigenous guinea fowl breeders can influence their reproductive performance. Thus, the current study was designed to investigate the effects of different dietary protein intake levels of breeders on embryonic development. A total of 1152 hatching eggs were collected, numbered, weighed, and allocated to 3 groups (control, high-protein [High-P], and low-protein [Low-P]) with 4 replicates of 96 eggs in each dietary treatment group. The eggs were candled on incubation days 9 and 24. At the end of the hatch, all keets were counted and weighed. Six keets in each group were randomly selected and sacrificed for blood and organ collection. The results showed that the heaviest eggs were for the High-P group and keets at hatch had higher relative hatching muscle weights, compared to the control group. However, the Low-P group had smaller eggs and keets gained lower relative hatching muscle weights compared to the control. Fertility, early mortality rate, and delayed mortality decreased in the High-P group but it increased in the Low-P group, compared to the control. The dietary protein did not influence the incubation time. The maternal diet protein content affected fertility, embryonic development, hatchability, and keet quality. The indigenous guinea fowl breeders need appropriate protein intake to show their potential reproduction performances.
Influence of Dietary Protein on Embryonic Development and Hatching Traits of Indigenous Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) Breeders in Togo
Genetic Polymorphism in the Promoter and 5' UTR of HSP-70 Gene in Three Strains of Indigenous Tswana Chickens and Commercial Broiler (Text)
Genetic Polymorphism in the Promoter and 5' UTR of HSP-70 Gene in Three Strains of Indigenous Tswana Chickens and Commercial Broiler (Other)
HTML Summary of #242 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Genetic Polymorphism in the Promoter and 5' UTR of HSP-70 Gene in Three Strains of Indigenous Tswana Chickens and Commercial Broiler</epc:when>
The current study was conducted to investigate sequence polymorphisms in the promoter, 5´untranslated regions (UTR), and partial exon regions of chicken HSP-70 gene in the normal (n = 24), naked neck (n = 22), and dwarf (n = 12) strains of indigenous Tswana chickens relative to the commercial broiler chickens (n = 20). Genomic DNA extracted from the whole blood of the three strains of indigenous Tswana chickens and the commercial broilers were amplified using PCR and sequenced. The PCR amplicons comprised a 210 bp promoter region, a 112 bp 5´UTR, and a 463 bp partial exon of the chicken HSP-70 gene. Multiple sequence alignments of the partial sequences of chicken HSP-70 gene in indigenous Tswana chickens and the commercial broilers revealed no polymorphisms in the promoter region, two SNPs in the 5´UTR (A303G and G309A) and another two SNPs (G427 and A628G) in the partial exon sequence of chicken HSP-70 gene. The SNP G427A was unique to the normal strain and the other three SNPs were common to all the four chicken strains studied. The identified four SNPs linked up in individual chickens resulted in a total of seven different haplotypes in the studied four chicken populations. A total of seven different haplotypes were found in indigenous Tswana chickens and only two haplotypes were found in the commercial broilers. More nucleotide (4SNPs vs 3 SNPs) and more haplotype diversity (7 haplotypes vs 2) were thus found in indigenous Tswana chickens, compared to the commercial broilers in the partial sequence of HSP-70 gene.
Genetic Polymorphism in the Promoter and 5' UTR of HSP-70 Gene in Three Strains of Indigenous Tswana Chickens and Commercial Broiler
Improving quality of teaching-learning in higher education in Bangladesh: does classroom management matter (Text)
Improving quality of teaching-learning in higher education in Bangladesh: does classroom management matter (Other)
HTML Summary of #999 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Improving quality of teaching-learning in higher education in Bangladesh: does classroom management matter</epc:when>
This study aims to find out the importance of classroom management in ensuring the quality of teaching-learning process in higher education in Bangladesh. Classroom management and quality teaching are vice versa in education system while classroom management comprises a wide variety of techniques and skills used by teachers to keep students organized, efficient, focused, responsive and creative during a class. On the other hand, quality teaching influences to flourish the students’ overall performance in education. Therefore, the effective classroom management in higher education is extremely important where students can learn in an environment without disruption.
Improving quality of teaching-learning in higher education in Bangladesh: does classroom management matter
History and Present Status of Ostrich Farming in Botswana (Text)
History and Present Status of Ostrich Farming in Botswana (Other)
HTML Summary of #260 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">History and Present Status of Ostrich Farming in Botswana</epc:when>
Botswana boasts the world’s largest population of wild ostriches estimated at approximately 60000 while farmed ostriches are less than 400. In this review, the history of the ostrich industry in Botswana is described and the current status is highlighted. Commercial ostrich farming in Botswana started in the early 1980s with the capture of birds from the wild, purchase of birds from local farmers, and importation of adult birds from neighboring countries, such as Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. However, the industry has not performed well over time as shown by a sharp decline in farmed ostrich populations which deleteriously affected throughput. To date, there is no commercial ostrich farming in Botswana indicating the collapse of the industry. This is despite the existence of favorable climatic conditions and government support in the form of provision of technical support through Ministry of Agriculture extension services, provision of loans at highly subsidized interest rates through Citizen Entrepreneurial Development Agency (CEDA), the existence of the EU accredited export abattoir and establishment of Dibete Ostrich Multiplication Unit (DOMU). The major challenges affecting the ostrich industry are frequent closures of the abattoir, lack of access to finance/credit, inadequacy of extension service, high feed expense, and unreliable feed supply. For the industry to be revived, it is recommended that government develops a special support program that subsidizes feed and ostrich stock, as well as, encouraging the formation of producer cooperative societies. In addition, participation of the private sector is paramount in the resuscitation of the ostrich industry.
History and Present Status of Ostrich Farming in Botswana
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Coccidiosis in Local Chickens of Mekong Delta in Vietnam (Text)
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Coccidiosis in Local Chickens of Mekong Delta in Vietnam (Other)
HTML Summary of #272 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Coccidiosis in Local Chickens of Mekong Delta in Vietnam</epc:when>
Eimeria species are causative pathogens considered as a tremendous threat to the poultry industry in Vietnam. Sufficient assessment of the coccidiosis prevalence is critical for improving the prophylaxis strategies to control the disease. The objective of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of coccidiosis in local chickens (Noi breed) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. A total of 1200 fecal samples were collected from 20 various farms in Ben Tre and Hau Giang provinces. Using a microscopic examination, the prevalence rates of coccidiosis in local chickens in Ben Tre and Hau Giang provinces were 65.83% and 68.50%, respectively. Eimeria species identification was performed based on morphological characteristics and molecular methods. PCR analysis was conducted by targeting the internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) region of the Eimeria genome. Four Eimeria species, namely E. mitis, E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella were found in both methods. By applying PCR, the infection rates of E. mitis, E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella were 20%, 61.67%, 66.66%, and 83.33%, respectively. The findings can be considered as the first attempt to identify Eimeria species at the molecular level in local chickens (Noi breed) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam that paves the way for improving the prophylaxis strategies for avian coccidiosis.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Coccidiosis in Local Chickens of Mekong Delta in Vietnam
The Effectiveness of Purslane Extract Provision on Liver of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with High Fat Diet (Text)
The Effectiveness of Purslane Extract Provision on Liver of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with High Fat Diet (Other)
HTML Summary of #528 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effectiveness of Purslane Extract Provision on Liver of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with High Fat Diet</epc:when>
Most animal owners provide fatty food with high cholesterol level that exceeds the needs of their pets. The pattern of giving a high-fat diet causes interference with the cholesterol synthesis in the body. It can damage the liver by causing fatty degeneration, hepatic cirrhosis, and eventually necrosis of the liver. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effectiveness of Purslane extract (Portulaca oleracea L.) on the liver histopathological image of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) with a high-fat diet. The current study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design on 20 males white mouses (Rattus norvegicus) divided into five treatment groups. There were two control groups, the first group received standard feed (Pellet) and Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium 1%, while the second was given standard feed and a high-fat diet. Three treatment groups which included P1, P2, P3 were given standard feed, a high-fat diet, and purslane extract solution with 54 mg/day, 108 mg/day, and 216 mg/day, respectively. Research results from the mean rank of fatty degeneration which was measured using the Kruskal Wallis test presented significant differences, and the results from the mean of fatty degeneration using the Mann Whitney test did not indicate any significant difference. Liver cell necrosis from the two tests presented a significant difference. Purslane extract (Portulaca oleracea L.) was confirmed to be effective in reducing or decreasing hepatocyte cell damage after receiving a high-fat diet.
The Effectiveness of Purslane Extract Provision on Liver of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with High Fat Diet
Detection of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 from Semen by Real-time PCR to Prevent the Spread of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Infection (Text)
Detection of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 from Semen by Real-time PCR to Prevent the Spread of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Infection (Other)
HTML Summary of #538 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Detection of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 from Semen by Real-time PCR to Prevent the Spread of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Infection</epc:when>
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) can be transmitted by livestock seeds and semen, through the process of artificial insemination. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the presence of the Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) in semen through artificial insemination and breeding centers of Indonesia. The current study aimed to detect the presence of the virus in semen as a source of IBR disease transmission in Indonesia. A total of 27 semen samples from artificial insemination and breeding centers (Sembawa, Lembang, Ungaran, and Sleman) in Indonesia have been examined and identified using the real-time PCR (qPCR) technique. The result showed that all samples were negative to BHV1. This indicated that semen from Ungaran, Sembawa, Sleman, and Lembang was safe to be used as a semen source for artificial insemination.
Detection of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 from Semen by Real-time PCR to Prevent the Spread of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Infection
Evaluation of Methods of DNA Extraction from Down, and a Quantitative Real-time PCR Assay for Authenticity Control in Down Products (Text)
Evaluation of Methods of DNA Extraction from Down, and a Quantitative Real-time PCR Assay for Authenticity Control in Down Products (Other)
HTML Summary of #337 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Evaluation of Methods of DNA Extraction from Down, and a Quantitative Real-time PCR Assay for Authenticity Control in Down Products</epc:when>
Down, mainly duck down and goose down, is one of the most important products in the poultry industry. To improve the accuracy of identification of duck and goose down by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and the efficiency of extracted DNA from down was evaluated and optimized using the template preparation methods, including four pretreatment methods (shredding [PA], shredding + magnetic bead homogenization [PB], shredding + manually grinding in liquid nitrogen [PC], and shredding + grinding by 6875 Freezer [PD]) and three extraction methods (a magnetic bead adsorption method [MA], a membrane adsorption-elution method [MB], and a Chelex® 100 Resin method [MC]), and their combinations. The results showed that high-intensity grinding, and grinding in liquid nitrogen can help the improvement of DNA yield, therefore, PB, PC, and PD were superior to PA both in DNA concentration and purity. However, in the subsequent qPCR analysis, the DNA of the highest quantity and purity from PD indicated the lowest positive detection rate. According to the results of the current study, the extraction method had a greater impact on the quality of DNA than the pretreatment method. Although the concentrations and purities of the templates obtained by MA, MB, and MC were varied greatly, all the templates could meet the needs in the following qPCR assay. Furthermore, considering the simplicity of the methods, PA + MC was chosen as the most convenient and efficient combination to extract DNA from down. A quantitative calculation method for the identification of the authenticity of down products was established. Although quantification results could not estimate the target content accurately, they reflected the trend in the content. Nevertheless, the method may be useful as an alternative tool for qualitative and quantitative quality control of the down products.
Evaluation of Methods of DNA Extraction from Down, and a Quantitative Real-time PCR Assay for Authenticity Control in Down Products
Effect of Administering Lactobacillus Culture Isolated from Ensiled Hymenache acutigluma via Drinking Water on Meat and Egg Quality of Pegagan Ducks (Text)
Effect of Administering Lactobacillus Culture Isolated from Ensiled Hymenache acutigluma via Drinking Water on Meat and Egg Quality of Pegagan Ducks (Other)
HTML Summary of #341 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Administering Lactobacillus Culture Isolated from Ensiled Hymenache acutigluma via Drinking Water on Meat and Egg Quality of Pegagan Ducks</epc:when>
Lactobacillus spp. is one of the lactic acid bacteria, has a positive effect on improving the meat and egg quality in poultry. However, there is a paucity of information about the effect of Lactobacillus culture isolated from ensiled swamp grass on meat and egg characteristics. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementing Lactobacillus culture isolated from ensiled Hymenache acutigluma (LHA) via drinking water on the duck meat and egg quality. A total of 60 Pegagan ducks aged 24-week-old were used in the current study and kept for 60 days. Ducks were randomly allocated into 5 treatment groups and 4 replicates per group, consisting of LHA 0 (control group without LHA solution), LHA 1, LHA 2, LHA 3, and LHA 4 (treatment groups supplemented with LHA solutions in drinking water with concentrations of 106, 107, 108, and 109 CFU/ml, respectively). The results showed that the value of cooking loss linearly increased, followed by a linear decrease in the water holding capacity after LHA addition. However, there was no change in the meat pH and moisture content. Further measurements revealed that both the yolk height and yolk index were linearly improved after being administered with LHA solutions, but no difference was found in other egg variables, including the yolk weight, diameter, and color, albumen weight, and height, as well as the eggshell weight and thickness. In conclusion, the provision of LHA via drinking water with a concentration of up to 109 CFU/ml could modulate the meat and egg quality of ducks. The LHA solutions enhanced the ability of meat protein to bind water, thereby inhibiting nutrient loss. Moreover, LHA had a greater effect on improving yolk quality, compared to albumen and eggshell.
Effect of Administering Lactobacillus Culture Isolated from Ensiled Hymenache acutigluma via Drinking Water on Meat and Egg Quality of Pegagan Ducks
Antiviral Effects of Plant Extracts Used in the Treatment of Important Animal Viral Diseases (Text)
Antiviral Effects of Plant Extracts Used in the Treatment of Important Animal Viral Diseases (Other)
HTML Summary of #547 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Antiviral Effects of Plant Extracts Used in the Treatment of Important Animal Viral Diseases</epc:when>
The goal of this review was to highlight some plant species that have significant antiviral activity against DNA and RNA viruses in vitro and in vivo although more research is needed to address safety issues, drug interactions, and the possibility of using them in combination with other natural products. Viral infection plays an important role in human and animal diseases. Although there have been advances in immunization and antiviral drugs, there is still a lack of protective vaccines and effective antiviral drugs in human and veterinary medicine. The lack of effective antivirals necessitates the search for new effective antiviral compounds. Plants are naturally gifted at synthesizing antiviral compounds. They are rich sources of phytochemicals with different biological activities, including antiviral activities as a result of advanced analytical chemistry, standard virus assays, and development of standardization and extraction methods. Plant extracts have a wide variety of active compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, lignans, sulphides, polyphenolics, coumarins, saponins, furyl compounds, alkaloids, polyines, thiophenes, proteins, and peptides. Moreover, certain volatile oils have indicated a high level of antiviral activity. Replication, assembly, and release, as well as targeting virus host-specific interactions capable of inhibiting several viruses, could help the development of broad-spectrum antivirals for the prevention and control of viral pathogens. The in vitro antiviral activities of Erythroxylum deciduum, Lacistema hasslerianum (chodat), Xylopia aromatica, Heteropteris aphrodisiaca, Acacia nilotica (gum arabic tree), Lippia graveolens (Guettarda angelica (Velvetseed), Prunus myrtifolia, and Symphyopappus plant extracts can inhibite viral replication, and interfer with the early stages of viral adsorption of DNA viruses. However, Boesenbergia rotunda plant extracts have inhibited RNA viruses. A potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor with B. rotunda extract and panduratin A after viral infection drastically suppresses SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in Vero E6 cells.
Antiviral Effects of Plant Extracts Used in the Treatment of Important Animal Viral Diseases
Analysis of the Components Affecting the Interior Styling of Franchising Cafes (Text)
Analysis of the Components Affecting the Interior Styling of Franchising Cafes (Other)
HTML Summary of #1034 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Analysis of the Components Affecting the Interior Styling of Franchising Cafes</epc:when>
Changes in the supply-demand relationship depending on eating and drinking, one of the basic needs of human beings, have also induced some transformations in the spatial formation of cafes operating in the food sector. Therefore, it is critical to ensure spatial quality by considering the functional, aesthetic and psychological conditions in the formation of cafe interiors. In this study, which was discussed to contribute to the design approach by supporting the theoretical and practical unity in the discipline of interior architecture, the changes and innovations that the franchising system contributed to the interior design understanding of cafes were analysed. Besides the determination of the components in the interior design for cafes, the study also aims to question the relationship between theoretical knowledge and practice. While the study includes literature analysis and evaluation as a method, it also reveals the analysis of the components that affect the interior shaping for each cafe space. The interior design application projects used to support the theoretical dimension in the research are the cafes of the David People brand that serve with the franchise system in the provinces of Isparta, Konya, Mardin and Eskişehir. The spatial components determined through these cafe interiors, which have similar and different dynamics, were analysed and the findings were discussed. As a result, it is assumed that this study contributes to the designer in the design process to develop a new method and create a design proposal that includes the interior components of the cafes set as the sample area.
Analysis of the Components Affecting the Interior Styling of Franchising Cafes
A comparative study of painting and architecture stylistics of contemporary Iranian and western arts (Text)
A comparative study of painting and architecture stylistics of contemporary Iranian and western arts (Other)
HTML Summary of #1033 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A comparative study of painting and architecture stylistics of contemporary Iranian and western arts</epc:when>
Iranian art reflects the spirit and inclinations of Iranians, regardless of place and time of origin. Another point is the diversity of works of art which shows that the ancient Iranians had high skills in different regions. Iranian architecture and painting have always been present side by side and influentially throughout history, and this connection persists until today in contemporary Iranian art. The present article is a research on the features and concepts of architectural and painting styles in contemporary Iranian art and a comparative comparison of these two arts which is centered on the concept of architecture and painting. The contemporary architectural styles and tendencies in question date back to the first and subsequent Pahlavi rule. The general objectives of the research are to apply the styles of painting and architecture in Iranian art to achieve the same conceptualism of these two arts. For this purpose, three main categories have been studied: the first part is contemporary Iranian architecture, the second part is contemporary Iranian painting and the third part is a comparative comparison of contemporary Iranian architectural and painting styles. The present research is an analytical and comparative research and the research method is based on the application of styles and logical reasoning. Documentary and library studies and theories of experts are also the basis of this article.
A comparative study of painting and architecture stylistics of contemporary Iranian and western arts
The study of consequences of Mongolians' invasion and establishment of the Ilkhanate dynasty on Iranian culture, art, and architecture (Text)
The study of consequences of Mongolians' invasion and establishment of the Ilkhanate dynasty on Iranian culture, art, and architecture (Other)
HTML Summary of #1032 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The study of consequences of Mongolians' invasion and establishment of the Ilkhanate dynasty on Iranian culture, art, and architecture</epc:when>
The invasion of Mongolians was one of Iran's most important events in the history of Iran that was accompanied by full-scale consequences, especially political, social, and artistic aspects that have never left Iranian societies and are still current and ongoing. During these destructive wars that eventually led to the establishment of the Ilkhanate dynasty, countless cultural and artistic changes happened both among the Mongolians and also in Iranian society. With help of researches and library studies, and by taking an analytical look into art and architecture of this era, this study aimed to analyze the important political, religious, cultural, and social elements that affected the shaping of new concepts in architecture and art of the Ilkhanate period. Through these investigations, it was concluded that although various artistic and architectural elements were witnessed in the Ilkhanate period, following the presence of the Mongolians in this period, new artistic genres and schools were shaped alongside a spiritual and different atmosphere that was ruling art and architecture which was different from previous periods in Iran.
The study of consequences of Mongolians' invasion and establishment of the Ilkhanate dynasty on Iranian culture, art, and architecture
PRODUCTION, UTILIZATION AND CONSTRAINTS OF DESHO GRASS (Pennisetum glaucifolium) AS LIVESTOCK FEED IN ETHIOPIA (Text)
PRODUCTION, UTILIZATION AND CONSTRAINTS OF DESHO GRASS (Pennisetum glaucifolium) AS LIVESTOCK FEED IN ETHIOPIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #617 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PRODUCTION, UTILIZATION AND CONSTRAINTS OF DESHO GRASS (Pennisetum glaucifolium) AS LIVESTOCK FEED IN ETHIOPIA</epc:when>
The study was conducted with the objective of assessing farmers’ production practice, utilization and constraints of Desho grass (Pennisetum glaucifolium) production in Chencha, Bule and Hula districts, Ethiopia. The methodology of this study encompassed questionnaire survey and group discussion. Simple random sampling was used to select a sample consisting of 199 households in the districts. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and SAS software. The result indicated that of the total respondents, 69% did not used fertilizer and 72% respondents not practiced weeding, Generally, the majority of respondents, did not use any forage improvement practice after plantation. Concerning forage utilization, 48.2, plant Desho as soil band, while 26.6% plant as hedgerows and 25.1% plant in the back yard. 40.2 % of the respondents reported that they plant Desho grass for both feeding animals and soil conservation, while the remaining 36.7% plant Desho only for feeding animals, 20% plant Desho gras for sale and 3% plant Desho grass for only soil conservation. Based on the laboratory result, Desho grass is classified as high quality feedstuff for the study area. The crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin content and in vitro organic matter digestibility of sample Desho grass was 7.04, 72.47, 43.73, 5.4 and 52.19 percent, respectively. Land shortage and lack of awareness were ranked first and second constraints for Desho production in the study area. It can be conclude that, Desho grass have a very important function in terms of contribution of nutrients to livestock and locally available feed resource however, farmers are not getting the benefits they deserve from the use of Desho grass, which has not been improved and should be supported by research to improve it production and use.
PRODUCTION, UTILIZATION AND CONSTRAINTS OF DESHO GRASS (Pennisetum glaucifolium) AS LIVESTOCK FEED IN ETHIOPIA
Effects of Divergence Shape on the Characteristics of Hydraulic Jump in Stilling Basins Using Numerical Simulation and Neural Networks (Text)
Effects of Divergence Shape on the Characteristics of Hydraulic Jump in Stilling Basins Using Numerical Simulation and Neural Networks (Other)
HTML Summary of #978 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Divergence Shape on the Characteristics of Hydraulic Jump in Stilling Basins Using Numerical Simulation and Neural Networks</epc:when>
Measures such as sudden cross-sectional divergence is among the factors affecting the characteristics of hydraulic jump. If for any reason it is not possible or cost-effective to provide the depth required for the hydraulic jump, then gradual or sudden flow cross-sectional divergence can be a good way to reduce the depth required for the jump. In this research, using the neural network and FLOW-3D numerical model, a three-dimensional (3D) model for fluid simulation, the effect of sudden divergence stilling basin on characteristics was simulated. The results of the neural network are very close to the physical model. The study revealed that 3D simulation using Flow-3D software could simulate a hydraulic jump with an average error of 2.41%. The efficiency of stilling basins divergent was calculated to be 71%, which is higher than the classic stilling basins with an efficiency of 53.3%. Depth after jumping in divergent stilling basins modeled at 27.8 and 41.4 l/s was found to be 12 and 25% less than classic basins, respectively. Compared to the classical mode in the divergent stilling basins parabolic, gradual, and sudden, the decrease in jump length was found to be 25.9%, 27.5%, and 31.8%, respectively. The results showed that the sudden divergent stilling basin has the best performance in terms of hydraulic parameters.
Effects of Divergence Shape on the Characteristics of Hydraulic Jump in Stilling Basins Using Numerical Simulation and Neural Networks
QUALITY CHANGES IN SPERMATOZOA OF EXOTIC MUZAFFARNAGARI CROSS-BREED RAM SEMEN DURING THE STAGES OF FROZEN PRODUCTION (Text)
QUALITY CHANGES IN SPERMATOZOA OF EXOTIC MUZAFFARNAGARI CROSS-BREED RAM SEMEN DURING THE STAGES OF FROZEN PRODUCTION (Other)
HTML Summary of #621 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">QUALITY CHANGES IN SPERMATOZOA OF EXOTIC MUZAFFARNAGARI CROSS-BREED RAM SEMEN DURING THE STAGES OF FROZEN PRODUCTION</epc:when>
Good quality frozen semen is a prerequisite for successful artificial insemination. Changes in the quality of sperm structure incur during semen processing of cryo-production. The current study, is, therefore, designed to evaluate the Muzaffarnagari cross-breed ram sperm at the fresh diluted stage, pre-freeze, and after freezing stages of frozen production. The semen collected was enlarged to include the A-part of 37°C egg yolk media. After cooling to 5ºC for 2h, B-part of tris-citric acid egg yolk glycerol media added with Apart and equilibrated at 5ºC for further 2h, transferred to 0.25 mL straws, placed in nitrogen vapor, frozen and thawed and then analyzed. Sperm samples were assessed in fresh, pre-freezing, and post Thawing phases for sperm motility, live sperm, ordinary sperm morphology, and intact sperm membrane. The mean percentage of sperm motility at fresh diluted stage (81.67±0.93%) was decreased significantly (p<0.05) pre-freezing stage (77.33±0.83%) because of refreshment and balance, and after freezing and thawing (44±2.45 percent) decreased further (p<0.05). The Mean percentage of live sperm was higher (p<0.05) at fresh diluted stage (91.27±0.57%) compared to pre-freeze (73.67±0.86%) and freezing stage (48.1±0.76%). The morphology normal sperm reduced significantly (p<0.05) from fresh diluted stage (85.27±0.64%) to pre-freezing stage (83.13±0.74). Their difference between the pre-freezing and the freezing stage is not significant (p>0.05) (80.2±1.28 percent). The mean intact sperm membrane percentage decreased significantly (p<0.05) from freshly diluted (82.4±0.77%) to pre-freezing (69.73±92%) and post-freezing (56.47±1.15%), respectively. The percentage of intact acrosomes of spermatozoa also significantly (p<0.05) decreased from fresh stage (95.8±0.39%) to pre-freeze (91.27±0.37%) and freezing stage (77.4±0.81%). In conclusion, during cryo- freezing periods the sperm showed the highest motility, live and membrane damage.
QUALITY CHANGES IN SPERMATOZOA OF EXOTIC MUZAFFARNAGARI CROSS-BREED RAM SEMEN DURING THE STAGES OF FROZEN PRODUCTION
Impact of premenstrual syndrome on multiple sclerosis symptoms in adult female: a retrospective cross-sectional study (Text)
Impact of premenstrual syndrome on multiple sclerosis symptoms in adult female: a retrospective cross-sectional study (Other)
JLSB 11(6) 107-112, 2021-premenstrual syndrome on multiple sclerosis symptoms.pdf
HTML Summary of #573 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Impact of premenstrual syndrome on multiple sclerosis symptoms in adult female: a retrospective cross-sectional study</epc:when>
Introduction. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a group of symptoms that many women get about a week or two before their period. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS). Aim. This study aimed to see the impact of premenstrual syndrome on multiple sclerosis symptoms. Methods. Forty women having MS and complained from PMS, aged 20-35 years, with BMI less than 30 kg/m2 were selected randomly from Health Insurance Authority in El-Dokki they were assessed during two periods (normal and premenstrual days). The MS symptoms was assessed through functional system scale; fatigue severity scale and numerical scale and also premenstrual symptoms are assessed by PMS tracker. Results. Multiple pairwise comparison tests revealed that there was significant increase in functional system score in premenstrual period (p=0.006), and also in fatigue severity scale in pre-menstrual period (p=0.0001). Numerical rating scale showed that there was significant increase in pain intensity (p=0.0001) which became more prominent in pre-menstrual period. Conclusion. Premenstrual syndrome has an effect on worsening the symptoms of multiple sclerosis.
Impact of premenstrual syndrome on multiple sclerosis symptoms in adult female: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Results of head and neck burn reconstructive plastic surgery (Text)
Results of head and neck burn reconstructive plastic surgery (Other)
JLSB 11(6) 113-119, 2021-head and neck burn reconstructive plastic surgery.pdf
HTML Summary of #574 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Results of head and neck burn reconstructive plastic surgery</epc:when>
Aim. The present research aimed to analyze the results of all reconstruction types (microsurgical and axial flaps) in head and neck post-burn cicatricial defects. Methods. The study included 114 patients who underwent flaps autotransplantation with microvascular anastomoses, options for plasty with axial flaps on a preserved (natural) vascular pedicle, plasty with displaced flaps, and free skin plasty for the period from 1995 to 2021. According to the formed groups for comparative analysis, all patients were divided into a comparison group included of 51 patients (1995-2008 year) and the main group with 63 patients (2009-2021 year). Women predominated with 55.6% and 58.8% in the main and comparison groups, respectively. Medium defects (50-120 cm²) of the upper face and neck area prevailed in equal numbers (11.8%). Most of the patients had a median-lateral unilateral post-burn cicatricial deformity. In terms of functional impairments, grade I up to an angle of 90º and degree II up to an angle of 45º was prevailed. Results. The consolidated long-term results of plastic surgery in the functional value were good in the main group in 69.9% of cases, while in the comparison group it was in 47.1%. The aesthetic indicators of the consolidated long-term results of plastic surgery were good in 57.5% of cases of the main group and significantly was lower in the comparison group (33.3% of cases). Unsatisfactory results were observed in 1.4% of cases in the main group and 17.6% in the comparison group. Conclusion. Improvement in head and neck burn reconstructive plastic surgery with various variants of axial flaps made it possible to increase the proportion of uncomplicated postoperative course, shorten the hospital stay and the total duration of all stages of plasty, and, in general, ensured a decrease in the frequency of unsatisfactory functional and aesthetic results.
Results of head and neck burn reconstructive plastic surgery
Esophageal tumors are complicated by dysphagia: results of patients’ stenting (Text)
Esophageal tumors are complicated by dysphagia: results of patients’ stenting (Other)
HTML Summary of #575 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Esophageal tumors are complicated by dysphagia: results of patients’ stenting</epc:when>
Introduction. Despite advances in therapy, esophageal cancer (EC) is recently became one of most incurable cancers, especially when it leads to dysphagia. Hence there is a need for develop the optimum management options. Aim. This study presents the experience of treating 464 patients with inoperable stages of esophageal cancer. The causes of inoperable behavior in this type of patients have been identified. Methods. A total of 249 patients were subjected to the following various options of minimally invasive interventions: endoscopic diathermotunnelization (EDT) in 38 (15.3%), endoscopic bougienage (EB) in 18 (7.2%) and endoscopic stenting (ES) in 193 (77.5%) patients. Results. Improved methods of minimally invasive interventions, as well as the nature of possible complications during their use were presented. Conclusion. It is concluded that the installation of endoscopic stenting with self- expanding metal stents (SEMS) with an antireflux valve in the treatment of non-operable EC stages with dysphagia syndrome is the most safe, effective and fast treatment method for dysphagia relief with a greater efficiency and the less frequency of complications especially when conventional silicone and rigid stents is used.
Esophageal tumors are complicated by dysphagia: results of patients’ stenting
Appraisal of Cumulative Volume of Biogas Produced from Water Hyacinth and Selected Animal Dungs Co-Digestion Mixes (Text)
Appraisal of Cumulative Volume of Biogas Produced from Water Hyacinth and Selected Animal Dungs Co-Digestion Mixes (Other)
HTML Summary of #977 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Appraisal of Cumulative Volume of Biogas Produced from Water Hyacinth and Selected Animal Dungs Co-Digestion Mixes</epc:when>
Water Hyancinth (WH) was co-digested with different mix ratios of poultry manure (PM), cow dung (CD) and pig dung (PD). A comparative analysis of the cumulative volume of gas produced from the different co-digestion mixes was carried out. The monitoring of the digestion process was done on a daily basis for a retention period of 40 days. The efficacy of the digestion process as well as the best mix ratio of water hyacinth to the different animal dungs was also evaluated in terms of the volume of gas produced. A rotameter with a capacity of 0.1-1L/Min equipped with a measuring tube was used for the gas flow measurements. From the results obtained the best mix of the PD-aided WH digestion is 3 WH:7 PD while CD - aided WH digestion is 2 WH:8 CD and PM-aided WH digestion is 2 WH: 8 PM. The study also revealed that the PM-aided WH mix produced more biogas compared to the CD-aided and PD-aided WH digestion mix.
Appraisal of Cumulative Volume of Biogas Produced from Water Hyacinth and Selected Animal Dungs Co-Digestion Mixes
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF Gymnarchus niloticus AND Heterotis niloticus (Text)
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF Gymnarchus niloticus AND Heterotis niloticus (Other)
HTML Summary of #649 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">NUTRITIVE VALUE OF Gymnarchus niloticus AND Heterotis niloticus</epc:when>
Major aspects of flesh nutritive value of Gymnarchus niloticus and Heterotis niloticus were studied in present research work. The body yield of H. niloticus followed the following decreasing order; fillet, head, skeleton, skin and viscera while in G. niloticus it is fillet, skeleton, head, skin and viscera. The fillet yield was found to be 46.9% in G. niloticus and 42.3% in H. niloticus. The length weight relationship, body weight and yield weight were significantly correlated in both species. Both species showed relatively high fat content. Significant negative correlations were found between moisture and ash in H. niloticus and between moisture and fat in G. niloticus. On the basis of nutritional value (fat/protein) ratio of H. niloticus recorded 1:11.69, while the calculated caloric value of H. niloticus was found to be 308.572 kcal/g and 253.474 kcal/g for G. niloticus. Present study provides a base line data on yield indices, chemical composition and nutritional value of these species and considered both species as a good source of food with high nutritive value.
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF Gymnarchus niloticus AND Heterotis niloticus
EFFECTS OF DIETARY CONCENTRATION LEVELS ON FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY IN CROSSBRED BEEF CATTLE (Text)
EFFECTS OF DIETARY CONCENTRATION LEVELS ON FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY IN CROSSBRED BEEF CATTLE (Other)
HTML Summary of #652 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECTS OF DIETARY CONCENTRATION LEVELS ON FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY IN CROSSBRED BEEF CATTLE</epc:when>
The objective of the present study was to evaluate different concentration levels on the feed intake and nutrient digestibility of different beef cattle breeds. Twenty beef cattle (13 months of age) were allocated in a group of Latin square design 4× (5×5). The first factor was cattle breeds (Brahman, Black Angus, Charolais, and Red Angus). Furthermore, the concentrate feed levels were 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg/animal/day, corresponding to C0, C0.5, C1.0, C1.5, and C2.0 as treatments. The basal diet was fresh Elephant grass (5 kg/d) and ad libitum rice straw. Beef cattle were adapted to ration for 7 days followed by 7 days of sample collection and dissecting samples. The results showed that dry matter intake (kg/100kg live weight) was significantly different among cattle breeds, the highest value was for Charolais (2.37 kg) and the lowest value was for Brahman cattle (2.15 kg). The dry matter digestibility of Brahman (62.0%) was higher than Black Angus (53.1%), Charolais (53.3.7%), and Red Angus (54.7%). However, the daily weight gain of Brahman was lower than Black Angus, Charolais, and Red Angus cattle (351, 403, 464, and 492 g/animal/day, respectively). Both digestibility (%) and digestible value (kg) increased and were affected by treatments. In detail, the CP digestibility was significantly higher for the C2.0 (73.4%) compared to C1.5, C1.0, C0.5, and C0 (68.6, 65.7, 61.2, and 53.4%, respectively), while C1.0 was similar to C0.5 and C1.5 treatments. Thus, the daily weight gain (g/animal/day) were 214, 337, 451, 540, and 595 g (P<0.05) for C0, C0.5, C1.0, C1.5, and C2.0 treatments, respectively. The conclusion was that Brahman cattle had higher digestibility than Black Angus, Charolais, and Red Angus. In addition, the concentrate supplementation level from 1.0 to 1.5 kg per day in diets could be properly recommended for farmers’ practice in terms of feed utilization.
EFFECTS OF DIETARY CONCENTRATION LEVELS ON FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY IN CROSSBRED BEEF CATTLE
MYCOTOXINS IN FODDER AND ITS IMPORTANCE ON SAFETY OF FEED AND THE HEALTH OF FARM ANIMALS: A REVIEW (Text)
MYCOTOXINS IN FODDER AND ITS IMPORTANCE ON SAFETY OF FEED AND THE HEALTH OF FARM ANIMALS: A REVIEW (Other)
HTML Summary of #653 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">MYCOTOXINS IN FODDER AND ITS IMPORTANCE ON SAFETY OF FEED AND THE HEALTH OF FARM ANIMALS: A REVIEW</epc:when>
Diets of ruminants include grains, protein fodder, hay and grass/legumes, whole grain corn, small grains, sorghum silage and feed by-products. In addition, ruminants fed grazing feed every year or every season. All these feeds can be contaminated with exogenous metabolites of certain toxin-causing fungi. There are fewer changes in food metabolism in ruminants than in pigs and poultry, and these metabolites increase and diversify the effects of mycotoxins in ruminants. Existing data indicate that some streptoxins (Aflatoxin, Aspergillus toxin, Aspergillus A toxin, Fumonisin, and Zearalenone) and many other secondary metabolites produced by many other types of Alternaria are harmful to ruminants. Tavronic acid and 4Z-infected pyrrolidone have the greatest effect on ruminants. Aspergillus flavus produces kojic acid, cyclopyrazinic acid, or β-nitropropionic acid, and A. fumigatus produces gliotoxin. Pseudomonas produces mycophenolic acid, Rocfortine, PR-toxin, Marcoforthine, or Monasc (citrine and monacolin), which may be associated with feed contamination. The assessment includes information on the prevalence of mycotoxins reported over the past 15 years, with particular attention to both mycotoxins found in fodders and animal toxicology issues.
MYCOTOXINS IN FODDER AND ITS IMPORTANCE ON SAFETY OF FEED AND THE HEALTH OF FARM ANIMALS: A REVIEW
SB Plant culture
HTML Summary of #656 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">MYCOTOXINS IN FODDER AND ITS IMPORTANCE ON SAFETY OF FEED AND THE HEALTH OF FARM ANIMALS: A REVIEW</epc:when>
Diets of ruminants include grains, protein fodder, hay and grass/legumes, whole grain corn, small grains, sorghum silage and feed by-products. In addition, ruminants fed grazing feed every year or every season. All these feeds can be contaminated with exogenous metabolites of certain toxin-causing fungi. There are fewer changes in food metabolism in ruminants than in pigs and poultry, and these metabolites increase and diversify the effects of mycotoxins in ruminants. Existing data indicate that some streptoxins (Aflatoxin, Aspergillus toxin, Aspergillus A toxin, Fumonisin, and Zearalenone) and many other secondary metabolites produced by many other types of Alternaria are harmful to ruminants. Tavronic acid and 4Z-infected pyrrolidone have the greatest effect on ruminants. Aspergillus flavus produces kojic acid, cyclopyrazinic acid, or β-nitropropionic acid, and A. fumigatus produces gliotoxin. Pseudomonas produces mycophenolic acid, Rocfortine, PR-toxin, Marcoforthine, or Monasc (citrine and monacolin), which may be associated with feed contamination. The assessment includes information on the prevalence of mycotoxins reported over the past 15 years, with particular attention to both mycotoxins found in fodders and animal toxicology issues. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
Biological, chemical and physical hazards control plans to ensure employees health during dried mango production (Text)
Biological, chemical and physical hazards control plans to ensure employees health during dried mango production (Other)
JLSB 11(6) 94-106, 2021-control plans to ensure employees health.pdf
HTML Summary of #572 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Biological, chemical and physical hazards control plans to ensure employees health during dried mango production</epc:when>
ntroduction. Food safety is an important quality approach that ensures the safety of both food products and the health of consumers and employees. Aim. This study aimed to develop a control plan through the analysis of critical points of the manufacturing process in the dried mango production units in Burkina Faso. Methods. Investigations were carried out within the manufacturing units located in two regions of Hauts Basins and Cascades with four cities: Bobo-Dioulasso, Banfora, Orodara and Toussiana. The use of 5M method made it possible to classify the various factors likely to contribute to the depreciation of mango quality. Results. The results showed that the majority of the manufacturing units are artisanal type and do not comply in terms of installation and sanitation. The equipments are rudimentary. The staff have not been trained in good manufacturing and hygiene practices. This derives from the practical solutions for the control, prevention and monitoring of 15 critical control points (CCP) identified during the production of dried mangoes. The CCP control plan including four control points has been established. Indeed, the implementation of the method requires the strict procedure monitoring. Conclusion. This study provided information on the risks associated with the production of dried mangoes in Burkina Faso. It will allow to produce quality dried mangoes and to preserve the health of employees and consumer’s by reducing Biological, chemical and physical hazards.
Biological, chemical and physical hazards control plans to ensure employees health during dried mango production
MONIEZIOSIS OF SOVIET MERINO SHEEP IN ASTRAKHAN REGION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (Text)
MONIEZIOSIS OF SOVIET MERINO SHEEP IN ASTRAKHAN REGION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (Other)
HTML Summary of #17 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">MONIEZIOSIS OF SOVIET MERINO SHEEP IN ASTRAKHAN REGION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION</epc:when>
In present study, the prevalence of monieziosis infections was determined in Soviet Merino sheep and risk factors associated therewith was identified in Astrakhan, a region of traditional development of sheep farming located in the south of the European part of Russia. One thousand five hundred Soviet Merino sheep, different in age and sex, from different districts in the Astrakhan region, were examined using the Fülleborn’s technique for detection of eggs of genus Moniezia in fecal samples. Histological sections of gravid proglottids were stained for histological and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) examination. It was found that monieziosis was recorded (26.46 ) among the examined sheep. Moniezisois was found more prevalent in grazing female (41.52 ) and young sheep (35.61 ). The highest incidence of monieziosis in Soviet Merino sheep was found in spring (37.02 ). By histological and SEM examination, the gravid proglottids of genus Moniezia, showing several compartments inside it containing several eggs and the proglottids containing bilateral genital pores and craspedote. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
MONIEZIOSIS OF SOVIET MERINO SHEEP IN ASTRAKHAN REGION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
EFFECTS OF RATIONS WITH VARIOUS BALANCES OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS QUALITY OF MALE ALABIO DUCKS (Text)
EFFECTS OF RATIONS WITH VARIOUS BALANCES OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS QUALITY OF MALE ALABIO DUCKS (Other)
HTML Summary of #18 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECTS OF RATIONS WITH VARIOUS BALANCES OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS QUALITY OF MALE ALABIO DUCKS</epc:when>
For suitable nutrition according to the requirements of Alabio male ducks, it is necessary to balance metabolic energy and protein. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of the energy and protein balance (E/CP) on the growth achievement and carcass quality of Alabio male duck. The feeding trial study was conducted in a poultry house for six weeks. The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial pattern where is the first factor being metabolic energy+y level (E) consisting of E1: 2800 kcal/kg ME, E2: 2900 kcal/kg ME, E3: 3000 kcal/kg ME, while the second factor was crude protein level (CP) consisting of P1: 15 CP, P2: 16 CP, P3: 17 CP, with three replications, where each replication consisted of five ducks with a total of 135 male Alabio ducks. The observed variables were final body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass percentage, carcass fat, and abdominal fat. The data obtained have been analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. The results showed that there was an interaction between (E) and (CP), where the best results were obtained in the combination of E2P3 treatment with an E/CP ratio of 17.1 (ME 2900 kcal/kg, 17 CP), including BW at 1185.0 g/bird, BWG at 1134.0 g/bird, FI at 3563.21 g/bird, and FCR at 3.14 and the lowest carcass quality with the highest carcass percentage reaching 67.33, and the lowest carcass fat and abdominal fat were 0.37 and 0.75, respectively. It was concluded that the effect of E/P ration at ratio of 17.1 gives the best result on the performance of male Alabio ducks including the achievement of BW, BWG, FI and FCR, and carcass quality through the achievement of increasing carcass percentage, decreasing carcass fat and fat abdominals. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
EFFECTS OF RATIONS WITH VARIOUS BALANCES OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS QUALITY OF MALE ALABIO DUCKS
EVALUATION OF Lactobacillus plantarum AND Lactococcus lactis ISOLATED FROM DUCK EXCRETA AS POTENTIAL PROBIOTICS FOR CHICKEN NUTRITION (Text)
EVALUATION OF Lactobacillus plantarum AND Lactococcus lactis ISOLATED FROM DUCK EXCRETA AS POTENTIAL PROBIOTICS FOR CHICKEN NUTRITION (Other)
HTML Summary of #637 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EVALUATION OF Lactobacillus plantarum AND Lactococcus lactis ISOLATED FROM DUCK EXCRETA AS POTENTIAL PROBIOTICS FOR CHICKEN NUTRITION</epc:when>
Since the antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) banned, probiotics have become one of the increase relevant products to be developed in the poultry industry. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from excreta have potential as probiotic. The aim of this study was to determine the potential probiotic properties of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus isolated from duck excreta. The LAB isolates were characterized by morphology, physiology, and biochemistry. Molecular identification by 16S rRNA analysis. LAB identification with API 50CHL and 16s rRNA showed Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) and Lactococcus lactis (Lc. lactis). The functional probiotic potential of the Lactobacillus species (L. plantarum BJ3) and Lactococcus species (Lc. lactis K5) was assessed by several parameters. The strains showed tolerance to variation of pH 2.0 to 5.0, and level bile salt 0.05 to 0.30%. The strain also showed the ability of intestinal adhesion and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. The strain was safe to use as a probiotic because it was negative for hemolytic activity and high sensitivity to antibiotics. A total of 100 Lohmann broilers strain) (7-day-old) were divided into 4 treatment groups; control (P0), L. plantarum BJ3 107 cfu/bird (P1), Lc. lactis K5 107 cfu/bird (P2), and L. plantarum BJ3 + Lc. lactis K5 107 cfu/bird (P3). Probiotic supplemented for chicken orally. Feed and water are provided ad libitum. Chickens are kept in a litter system. The result showed the probiotic supplementation, orally affected growth performance of broilers. Probiotic supplementation reduced feed intake (FI) during experimental period and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not affected. The P2 group (Lc. lactis K5 107 cfu/bird) showed the lowest FI. In conclusion, L. plantarum BJ3 and Lc. lactis K5 isolated from duck excreta can be considered as probiotics for chicken nutrition.
EVALUATION OF Lactobacillus plantarum AND Lactococcus lactis ISOLATED FROM DUCK EXCRETA AS POTENTIAL PROBIOTICS FOR CHICKEN NUTRITION
THE EFFECT OF PASTURE SUPPLEMENTED DIETS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING EWES IN THE FOOTHILLS OF LESOTHO (Text)
THE EFFECT OF PASTURE SUPPLEMENTED DIETS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING EWES IN THE FOOTHILLS OF LESOTHO (Other)
HTML Summary of #15 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">THE EFFECT OF PASTURE SUPPLEMENTED DIETS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING EWES IN THE FOOTHILLS OF LESOTHO</epc:when>
Farmer-participatory research was implemented in the foothills of Machache Lesotho with aim to investigate the influence of supplementary feeding of ewes using forage-based diets. The study followed a randomized complete block design with four dietary treatments replicated three times. A total of 270 lactating ewes were contributed by farmers and were randomly distributed into 12 experimental units. Control treatment had a total of 54 lactating ewes made up of 18 animals per replicate while each treated groups had a total of 72 lactating ewes made up of 24 animals per replicate. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks. The dietary treatments were as follows; control in the form of pasture, T1: forage alone, T2: forage plus concentrate, T3: forage, concentrate and urea molasses mineral block. The treatment diet was offered in the morning before animals go to the pasture or rangeland and it was offered at the rate of 100 grams per head per day. Control animals on the other hand did not have access to supplementary feeds. Data collection on production parameters such as feed intake and live weight change was taken on weekly basis. Data on blood glucose, p-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), wool growth and milk quality was taken at the beginning and at the end of feeding trial. The findings indicated that the treatment group supplemented with forage, concentrates and urea mineral block performed significantly (P<0.05) better than the control group in all tested parameters such as nutritive value of treatment diets, production parameters such as feed intake, live weight change and wool growth, blood parameters such as blood glucose and BHBA, and milk quality. The study also revealed (control) that pasture and forage supplementation (T1) alone do not meet the nutritional needs of lactating ewes and the animal had to use their body fat reserves to meet their maintenance needs and this was evident by loss of weight and increased blood BHBA from the two treatments. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
THE EFFECT OF PASTURE SUPPLEMENTED DIETS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING EWES IN THE FOOTHILLS OF LESOTHO
CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF PHYTOBIOTICS FROM BLENDS PLANT WITH DIFFERENT FERMENTATION RIPENING (Text)
CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF PHYTOBIOTICS FROM BLENDS PLANT WITH DIFFERENT FERMENTATION RIPENING (Other)
HTML Summary of #16 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF PHYTOBIOTICS FROM BLENDS PLANT WITH DIFFERENT FERMENTATION RIPENING</epc:when>
Alternative antibiotic replacements that are often used, namely probiotics, prebiotics, phytobiotics and acidifiers, have the same function and role as antibiotics. Phytobiotics are active ingredients that have antibacterial properties derived from herbal ingredients which newly used in human and animal nutrition, and this is new approach of nutritional studies. Fermentation process can improve the quality of phytobiotics. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of fermentation time on pH values, organoleptic physical qualities, microorganism content and the content of phytobiotic fermentation with compounds namely: garlic (Allium sativum), Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia), leaf earring (Indian Acalypha), Indonesian bay-leaf (Syzygium polyanthum), betel leaf (Piper betle), ginger (Zingiber officinale), sand ginger (Kaempferia galanga), turmeric (Curcuma longa), galangal (Alpinia galanga), curcuma (Curcuma zanthorrhiza), temu ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa) and fruit waste. The study used a Complete RandomIzed Design (CRD) with 4 treatments; T0 (without fermentation), T1 (6-day fermentation), T2 (12-day fermentation), T3 (18-day fermentation). The results showed that the fermentation time of phytobiotics had a significant effect on pH, color, total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), total bacteria, total fungi, gram+, gram-, antioxidant activity, total polyphenols and total acid. Phytibiotic fermentation time has no effect on the odor of fermented phytobiotics. In conclusion, Phytobiotic fermentation time of the best plant mixture is 12 days with a pH of 6.74, a total of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) of 29.00 x 103 cfu/ml, total bacteria 22.2 x 105 cfu/ml, total fungi 0.6 x 103 cfu/ml of antioxidant activity 45.33, total polyphenols 42.89 mg/100 ml and total acid 0.18. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF PHYTOBIOTICS FROM BLENDS PLANT WITH DIFFERENT FERMENTATION RIPENING
Efficacy of multisensory exercise programme on cognition and functionality in postmenopausal women (Text)
Efficacy of multisensory exercise programme on cognition and functionality in postmenopausal women (Other)
JLSB 11(5) 88-93, 2021-multisensory exercise programme on postmenopausal women.pdf
HTML Summary of #571 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Efficacy of multisensory exercise programme on cognition and functionality in postmenopausal women</epc:when>
Introduction. In the last century, longer female life expectancy has implied that women now live a third of their lives beyond the end of their ovarian function, increasing the need for new therapeutic strategies to facilitate successful aging (defined as low probability of disease), high cognitive and physical abilities, and active engagement in life. Aim. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of multisensory exercise programme on cognition and functionality in postmenopausal women. Methods. Thirty postmenopausal women in the range of 55-65 years old and a body mass index (BMI) < 35kg/m² were selected randomly from physiotherapy outpatient clinic at Al-Menshawy General Hospital. They were randomly distributed into two equal groups: control group (A) that received relaxation training programme for 30 minutes/session, three sessions per week for a period of 4 weeks and study group (B) which received multisensory exercise programme for another 45 minutes per session plus the same programme as for control group for a period 4 weeks. Assessment of all women in both groups was carried out before and after treatment programme (four weeks) through cognitive assessment (montreal cognitive assessment) and functional performance of daily living activities (nine–item physical performance test). Results. The multisensory exercise programme showed statistically significant improvements (P < 0.01) on cognition, and functional performance as compared with the control group, which showed no statistically significant differences at the post intervention time point. Conclusions. The multisensory exercise programme improved the cognition and functionality of post menopausal women. The introduction of a motor and multisensory‐based approach in care routines may improve residents' health and engagement to the environment
Efficacy of multisensory exercise programme on cognition and functionality in postmenopausal women
A Highlight on Avian Toxoplasmosis: One Health Disease with a Special Reference to the Current Egyptian Situation (Text)
A Highlight on Avian Toxoplasmosis: One Health Disease with a Special Reference to the Current Egyptian Situation (Other)
HTML Summary of #345 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A Highlight on Avian Toxoplasmosis: One Health Disease with a Special Reference to the Current Egyptian Situation</epc:when>
This review article was developed to the infection of avian species with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), diagnosis, pet bird and human infection, and control methods with a special reference to the current status of infection among the Egyptian poultry farms and population. Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a unicellular, protozoan parasite T. gondii. Different domesticated and wild animals, as well as birds can harbor T. gondii and may be a potential source of infection to humans. Avian species could be infected with T. gondii through the ingestion of contaminated food, soil, and water with oocysts shed in the excreta of infected animals, especially cats. Poor sanitation and hygienic conditions increase the risk of infection. Consumption of food or water, as well as undercooked poultry meat or meat products containing the oocysts of the parasite, are the main sources of human infection with T. gondi. Diagnosis of T. gondii in the infected host depends on the serological detection of specific antibodies and molecular detection of the parasite. Microscopic demonstration of the oocysts and other developmental stages of the parasite in the intestine, liver, brain, and skeletal muscles tissues is another means for rapid diagnosis. Generally, a high prevalence of the disease is also reported in pet birds. Toxoplasmosis in humans is associated with abortion, congenital disorders, stillbirth, and other complications, especially in immunocompromised patients. Application of hygienic measures, as well as public awareness, are essential for the prevention and control of toxoplasmosis. In different Egyptian governorates, a high prevalence of T. gondii has been detected in animals, birds, and humans. High incidence of infection was recorded due to the contact with Toxoplasma oocysts shed mainly from infected cats or other carriers. Egyptian chicken and turkey flocks and backyard birds revealed the presence of different developmental stages of the parasite and even its antibodies. In addition, human populations showed signs of toxoplasmosis with severe complications.
A Highlight on Avian Toxoplasmosis: One Health Disease with a Special Reference to the Current Egyptian Situation
Effect of Processed Lemon Pulp with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Zaribi Goats Diet on Milk Production, Nutrients Digestibility, Blood Parameters, and Reproductive Performance (Text)
Effect of Processed Lemon Pulp with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Zaribi Goats Diet on Milk Production, Nutrients Digestibility, Blood Parameters, and Reproductive Performance (Other)
HTML Summary of #346 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Processed Lemon Pulp with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Zaribi Goats Diet on Milk Production, Nutrients Digestibility, Blood Parameters, and Reproductive Performance</epc:when>
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of replacing concentrate feed (CFM) mixture with different levels of treated lemon pulp (TLP) on milk production and composition, nutrients digestibility, and blood parameters of Zaribi goats. A total of 24 Zaribi female goats at the end of the pregnant period were divided into three groups of eight according to live weight. Concentrate feed mixture and clover hay at a rate of 50:50 were offered twice a day. Treatedlemon pulp replaced CFM at rates 0%, 25%, and 50 % in diets of R1, R2, and R3 treatment groups, respectively. The feeding trial lasted 90 days. Dry matter digestibility and Nitrogen free extract digestibility were significantly raised by the increased level of TLP in groups R2 (72.37% and 70.36%) and R3 (72.28% and 70.30%), compared to (70.99% and 68.51%) in R1, respectively. The same trend was observed for organic matter digestibility (OMD), crude protein digestibility (CPD), crude fiber digestibility (CFD), and ether extract digestibility (EED) with R3, compared with either R1 or R2. However, there were insignificant differences between R1 and R2 in terms of OMD, CPD, and EED but CFD was significantly higher in R2, compared to R1. There was a significant increase in the milk yield by the increased level of TLP in the diet and for R2 (1448.4g/h/d) and R3(1558.7g/h/d), while it was reported as 1377.6 g/h/d in the control group. Feeding dams on the R3 diet had a significant effect on improving total antioxidant capacity by 63.5%, compared with control. The results of the present study indicated that the replacement of CFM by TLP decreased the costs of feed and increase milk production for the replacement level by 50% (R3). Moreover, no adverse effects were noticed on nutrients digestibility and blood parameters of the investigated samples.
Effect of Processed Lemon Pulp with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Zaribi Goats Diet on Milk Production, Nutrients Digestibility, Blood Parameters, and Reproductive Performance
Stray Animal Population Control: Methods, Public Health Concern, Ethics, and Animal Welfare Issues (Text)
Stray Animal Population Control: Methods, Public Health Concern, Ethics, and Animal Welfare Issues (Other)
HTML Summary of #352 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Stray Animal Population Control: Methods, Public Health Concern, Ethics, and Animal Welfare Issues</epc:when>
Stray animal overpopulation has become one of the most serious global problems with many negative impacts on the community, environment, and public health. Most of the stray animals do not depend on humans for food and shelter, and therefore, can reproduce uncontrollably. The uncontrolled reproduction of stray animals increases their population that leads to a higher chance of predation, road traffic accidents, transmission of zoonotic diseases, and therefore, becoming vectors for some diseases. There are several methods for stray animal population control depending on the situation and the nature of the stray animals. These methods include contraceptives, trap-neuter-return, poisoning, euthanasia, and gun shooting among others. Each of the outlined methods has its advantages and disadvantages as to their practicality, ease of conducting, cost, effectiveness, ethics, and animal welfare issues. In conclusion, to achieve successful control measures of the stray animal population and the problem they create, the concerned authorities need to design and enact animal rights laws, provide medical care (treatment and vaccination), feeding, shelter for the animals, and control their reproduction. Public health and environmental agencies may improve the services by regulating personal and environmental hygiene, prevention, and control of zoonotic and transmissible diseases that can be transmitted from stray animals to the public and other livestock respectively.
Stray Animal Population Control: Methods, Public Health Concern, Ethics, and Animal Welfare Issues
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Strains Circulating in Rabbit Population Using Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis in upper Egypt (Text)
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Strains Circulating in Rabbit Population Using Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis in upper Egypt (Other)
HTML Summary of #89 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Strains Circulating in Rabbit Population Using Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis in upper Egypt</epc:when>
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is a contagious viral disease that threatens rabbit farms locally and globally. The disease causative agent is the 63-Rabbit_Haemorrhagic_Disease_Virus_Strains_Circulating_in_Rabbit_Population_RHD virus (RHDV) of the family Caliciviridae. The present study aimed to identify and characterize RHDV strains currently circulating in Upper Egypt provinces. A total of 20 suspected RHDV samples were collected from non-vaccinated rabbit flocks from January to December 2019 in Upper Egypt governorates (New Valley and Assuit), Egypt. The RHDV was confirmed through the hemagglutination test (HA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Further characterization of selected 4 isolates was performed by nucleotide sequencing of a partial VP60 gene. All of 11 RHDV RT-PCR-positive samples were positive for HA activity against human RBCs type "O". Based on the nucleotide sequencing, the selected 4 isolates were clustered as RHDV-1 variant strains (G3-G5). The nucleotide sequence identities of the 4 isolates were 94.2-100 %, compared to available RHDV strains from GenBank. In conclusion, the presence of RHDV-1 variant strains was detected and confirmed that threatens the rabbit’s populations in New Valley and Assuit governorates.
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Strains Circulating in Rabbit Population Using Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis in upper Egypt
Servant leadership practices among secondary schools teachers of East Darfur state Eldaien locality, Sudan (Text)
Servant leadership practices among secondary schools teachers of East Darfur state Eldaien locality, Sudan (Other)
HTML Summary of #1000 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Servant leadership practices among secondary schools teachers of East Darfur state Eldaien locality, Sudan</epc:when>
The study's primary purpose was to investigate servant leadership practices among secondary schools teachers in East Darfur state Sudan. The sources of data for this research remained secondary school teachers and school principals. The primary data collection instrument was questionnaire for teachers. Besides, the sample school principals was an interview. The sample consists of 650 teachers and ten principals. Teachers were selected using simple random sampling; the school principals were selected using purposive sampling. The questionnaire was distributed to 284 teachers, and the interview was administered to 8 principals, 284 teachers, and eight principals who filled in the questionnaire and returned them. Descriptive statistics, one-sample t-test, and ANOVA test were employed in this study using SPSS to analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative data were analyzed utilizing the thematic analysis method and interview. The study's main findings indicated that there is statistical significance since it is P <0.5. There is a lower level of servant leadership practices in Eldaien secondary schools. One-Way ANOVA showed that were statistically significant differences between groups about the practices of the variables. In conclusion, the practice of servant leadership requires continuous practices to raise the level of school principals. The paper proposed research recommendations and significant suggestions. Since this study was delimited only to education in Eldaien within a single locality, in East Darfur State, the findings lack comprehensive and generalizability of the area. As a result, researchers are recommended to undertake similar research secondary schools at the national level and develop all-embracing and superior findings.
Servant leadership practices among secondary schools teachers of East Darfur state Eldaien locality, Sudan
Multiple Outbreaks and Clinico-pathological Features of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 and H5N8 in Poultry Farms in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria (Text)
Multiple Outbreaks and Clinico-pathological Features of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 and H5N8 in Poultry Farms in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria (Other)
HTML Summary of #111 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Multiple Outbreaks and Clinico-pathological Features of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 and H5N8 in Poultry Farms in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria</epc:when>
Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Nigeria have been reoccurring since 2015 after the country was declared free of HPAI H5N1 in 2010. Beginning from January 26, 2021, the first suspected case of HPAI from a 4-week-old broiler/cockerel flock was reported to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Jos, Nigeria followed by five other suspected cases from poultry flocks in different locations within one month. Mortality rates were high, ranging from 75% to 100% for the Broilers/Noiler-cockerels and Brahma chicken/cockerel flocks but low rates of 5.6-17.9% were reported for the layers’ farms. Clinical signs seen in the layer flocks included somnolence and nasal rales, as well as paralysis of wings and feet. The gross lesions observed in the broilers/cockerels and Brahma chicken/cockerels mixed flocks were marked subcutaneous hemorrhage on the skin as well as cyanoses of the comb, wattles, thigh, shank, and feet. There were also generalized congestion of visceral organs with frank blood in the thorax, severe ecchymotic and petechial hemorrhages in the proventricular mucosae, cloudy air sacs as well as congested and frothy lungs with severe hemorrhagic tracheitis. The pathology in the brown layer chickens was not extensive, but there were petechial hemorrhages in the thigh and breast muscles, inflamed bursa of Fabricius, and petechial hemorrhages in the proventriculus. From the history and pathologies, tentative diagnoses of HPAI were made and tissues were sent to the Regional Laboratory for Animal Influenza and Transboundary Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria. The cases were confirmed to be positive by qPCR and viral isolation, four of which were H5N1 and two were H5N8 subtypes. In conclusion, HPAI may become endemic in Nigeria despite the control policy of eradication by the government. It is recommended that the national policy on the control of HPAI should be modified to include controlled vaccination with close monitoring.
Multiple Outbreaks and Clinico-pathological Features of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 and H5N8 in Poultry Farms in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria
Cross Reaction of Haemonchus contortus Protein with Toxocara vitulorum Anti-L2 Serum Using Western Blot Technique (Text)
Cross Reaction of Haemonchus contortus Protein with Toxocara vitulorum Anti-L2 Serum Using Western Blot Technique (Other)
HTML Summary of #376 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Cross Reaction of Haemonchus contortus Protein with Toxocara vitulorum Anti-L2 Serum Using Western Blot Technique</epc:when>
In the adult stage, Haemonchus contortus worms infect the abomasum host causing anemia and even death in animals. However, identifying the H. contortus protein can be used as a reference for the diagnosis of diseases. The diagnosis is performed by serological cross-reaction between H. contortus protein and anti-L2 Toxocara vitulorum (T. vitulorum) serum using the western blot technique. The main purpose of the current research was to identify the cross-reaction between H. contortus proteins and anti-L2 T. vitulorum serum using the western blot technique. T. vitulorum worms were collected from the intestine of cattle and H. contortus worms were collected from the abomasum of goats. The first step was making antibodies by oral infection of rats with infective eggs (L2) of T. vitulorum. The blood was taken 21 days after infection. Then, the blood was centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 10 minutes to get the serum. The second step was making homogenates from the whole worm extract of H. contortus. After crushing the worms, it was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 15 minutes and the supernatant was taken. The supernatant was then analyzed using Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with coomassie brilliant blue staining. The third step was the analysis of H. contortus protein with serum anti-L2 T. vitulorum using the western blot technique. From the H. contortus homogenates analysis using SDS-PAGE, 16 protein bands were obtained. The cross-reactions were 141.3, 81.3, 64. 6, 51.3, 46.8, and 38 kDa. The data from cross-reactions suggested that the H. contortus protein cannot be used as a diagnostic material. It is serologically Haemonchosis because it caused false positives with diagnostic Toxocariasis.
Cross Reaction of Haemonchus contortus Protein with Toxocara vitulorum Anti-L2 Serum Using Western Blot Technique
The Role of Salinity in Histopathology Description of Jatim Bulan Tilapia Juvenile (Oreochromis niloticus) Exposed by Lead (PB) (Text)
The Role of Salinity in Histopathology Description of Jatim Bulan Tilapia Juvenile (Oreochromis niloticus) Exposed by Lead (PB) (Other)
HTML Summary of #385 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Role of Salinity in Histopathology Description of Jatim Bulan Tilapia Juvenile (Oreochromis niloticus) Exposed by Lead (PB)</epc:when>
The decrease in the number of lands for aquaculture will cause the freshwater fish aquaculture, especially tilapia is reared. As one of the efforts to survive, the breeders use the coastal area to anticipate, so the freshwater fish can adapt to the sea waters. Heavy metal pollution near the coasts (or in the coastal waters) has great potential impacts on the environment. The present study aimed to find out the effect of Lead (Pb, heavy-metal) exposure on the Jatimbulan Juvenile tilapia with the different salinity towards histopathology description of the gill, intestine, and the skin tissues. The method used was an experimental method with a completely randomized design using six treatments and three times repetition. The observed parameters included the changes in histopathology description of gill, intestine, and skin organs of Jatimbulan juvenile tilapia. Kruskal-Wallis scoring method was used for data analysis and was continued by Mann-Whitney. The result of the current study showed the effect of salinity towards histopathology description of gill, intestine, and skin of Jatimbulan juvenile tilapia. The effect of changes was proven with the histopathology description in the form of the damage of edema, hyperplasia, and necrosis on the gill tissue; the damage of edema, atrophy, and necrosis on the gill tissue as well as the damage of edema, atrophy, hemorrhagic and necrosis on the gill tissue. From the result of the current study which has been conducted, it can be concluded that the heavy-metal exposure by lead was 0.03 ppm on the salinity of 10 ppt and 20 ppt. given the significant effect on the histopathology description of gill, intestine, and skin of Jatimbulan juvenile tilapia.
The Role of Salinity in Histopathology Description of Jatim Bulan Tilapia Juvenile (Oreochromis niloticus) Exposed by Lead (PB)
Effects of Laying Cycle Periods on Egg Quality, Egg Chemical Composition, and Reproductive Performance of Japanese Quail Breeders Reared in Northern Algeria (Text)
Effects of Laying Cycle Periods on Egg Quality, Egg Chemical Composition, and Reproductive Performance of Japanese Quail Breeders Reared in Northern Algeria (Other)
HTML Summary of #388 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Laying Cycle Periods on Egg Quality, Egg Chemical Composition, and Reproductive Performance of Japanese Quail Breeders Reared in Northern Algeria</epc:when>
Egg quality traits in quail breeders depend on various factors which may influence embryo survival during incubation, affecting the chicks' production and quality. The current study aimed to determine the effect of the laying period on the external and internal quality of the egg, the chemical composition of albumen, yolk, and eggshell as well as the reproductive parameters of quail breeders. A total of 450 quails (Coturnix japonica) obtained from the same hatchery, were reared in a battery cage with a sex ratio of 1 male to 3 females. All the quails were subjected to standard breeding conditions and fed a balanced laying diet. A total of 960 eggs were collected at two different periods of the laying cycle, the beginning period of the laying (BP indicating 10 weeks of quail age) and the peak period of laying (PP showing 20 weeks of quail age). At each laying period, 30 eggs were used to analyze the various parameters of egg quality, and 450 eggs were randomly selected to assess the reproductive performances. Overall, no differences in the external quality of eggs, such as egg length, egg width, and the egg shape index, were recorded between the two laying periods. Apart from albumen weight that tended to be higher at the peak laying period, the shell and the yolk weights were not affected by the period of laying. Additionally, Japanese quail tend to deposit similar proportions of shell, albumen, and yolk at the two periods of laying. Likewise, the rate of dry matter of the three egg components, shell mineral concentrations, and yolk fat concentrations did not show any noticeable variation with the laying period. The most significant effect of the laying period was related to the potential reduction in the total protein content of the albumen and the yolk of eggs laid at the peak period of laying. Finally, the laying period did not significantly affect the fertility and hatchability rate of the incubated quail eggs but slightly improved the embryonic mortality rate during the peak laying phase.
Effects of Laying Cycle Periods on Egg Quality, Egg Chemical Composition, and Reproductive Performance of Japanese Quail Breeders Reared in Northern Algeria
Correlation and Path Analysis of Body Weight and Biometrie Traits of Ross 308 Breed of Broiler Chickens (Text)
Correlation and Path Analysis of Body Weight and Biometrie Traits of Ross 308 Breed of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #136 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Correlation and Path Analysis of Body Weight and Biometrie Traits of Ross 308 Breed of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Understanding the correlation between body weight (BW) and biometric traits helps breeders to select the best biometric trait that might be used to improve body weight during breeding. This study was performed to determine the association between BW and biometric traits, such as wing length (WL), beak length (BKL), shank length (SL), body girth (BG), body length (BL), and shank circumference (SC), and to reveal possible direct and indirect effects of biometric traits on BW of Ross 308 broiler chicken breed. A total of 130 birds (65 males and 65 females) at the age of five weeks were used. Pearson’s correlation and path analysis were used for data analysis. The results showed that BW had a positive significant correlation with SC (r = 0.46) and highly significant with BG (r = 0.55) in female, whereas SL (r = 0.38) and WL (r = 0.36) had a significant correlation with BW and SC (r = 0.58) and BL (r = 0.53) had a positive highly significant correlation with BW of the male broiler chickens. Path analysis indicated that SC (0.36) had the maximum direct effect, whereas WL (0.31) had the minimum indirect effect on BW of males. In females, BG (0.46) had the maximum direct effect, whereas BL (0.21) had the maximum indirect effect on BW. The relationship findings suggest that improvement of SC, SL, WL, BL, and BG might increase the BW of the Ross 308 broiler breed. Path analysis findings recommend that SC and BG might be useful in selection criteria during breeding to increase the BW of the Ross 308 broiler breed. The findings of the current study might be used by Ross 308 broiler chicken breed farmers to predict BW using biometric traits.
Correlation and Path Analysis of Body Weight and Biometrie Traits of Ross 308 Breed of Broiler Chickens
Serological Detection of Antibodies Against Chlamydophila psittaci Infection in Pet Parrots of Guatemala City (Text)
Serological Detection of Antibodies Against Chlamydophila psittaci Infection in Pet Parrots of Guatemala City (Other)
HTML Summary of #154 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Serological Detection of Antibodies Against Chlamydophila psittaci Infection in Pet Parrots of Guatemala City</epc:when>
Avian chlamydiosis (AC), caused by Chalmydophila psittaci (C. psittaci), is a relevant zoonotic disease transmitted to humans through psitassine or 1278-Chlamydophila_psittaci_Infection_in_Pet_Parrotspet birds. Guatemala is a megadiverse country where parrots are commonly kept as pets. Considering such a situation and the fact that respiratory diseases are some of the main causes of morbidity in the human population, the epidemiology of AC in pet parrots has not been sufficiently investigated. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the presence and frequency of antibodies against C. psittaci in pet parrots in Guatemala City, Guatemala. Blood samples were collected from 100 parrots belonging to 17 species (Amazona auropalliata, A. farinosa, A. autumnalis, A. albifrons, Agapornis roseicollis, Ara macao, A. militaris, Aratinga astec, Brotogeris jugularis, Cacatua alba, Eupsittula canicularis, E. nana, Melopsittacus undulatus, Ninficus hollandicus, Pionus senilis, and Psittacara strenuus) representing 19 of the 20 zones of Guatemala. Imunoglobulins (Ig) G antibodies against C. psittaci were detected using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay tests. The prevalence rate of C. psittaci was reported at 11% (95% CI = 4.87%, 17.13%) indicating the presence of AC pet parrots in Guatemala City. Therefore, Guatemalan sanitary authorities should take some measures and the physicians must consider C. psittaci as a possible cause of a severe respiratory disease condition in people residing in this city.
Serological Detection of Antibodies Against Chlamydophila psittaci Infection in Pet Parrots of Guatemala City
Phenotypic Characteristics of Indigenous Chickens in Selected Regions of Nigeria (Text)
Phenotypic Characteristics of Indigenous Chickens in Selected Regions of Nigeria (Other)
HTML Summary of #164 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Phenotypic Characteristics of Indigenous Chickens in Selected Regions of Nigeria</epc:when>
The Nigerian indigenous chicken called the native or village chicken are widely distributed in the rural areas of Nigeria, where they are kept by the natives principally as a source of protein and income. These native chickens play major roles not only in rural economies but also contribute substantially to the gross national income. This study aimed to determine the productivity of identified phenotypic characteristics and to aid the selection and genetic improvement of indigenous chickens in local areas of Nigeria (Ikole, Ekiti East and Oye local government). A total of 180 captive adult (normal feathering female and male) frizzled local chickens were scored and measured for phenotypic characteristics. There were no significant differences across the local governments (locations) comparing the native chickens for body weight, shank length, comb length, chest length, and comb height. The beak length and the body length were significant. The body weight ranged from 1.06 to 1.08 kg. Oye and Ekiti East local government had the highest similar value of 1.08 kg while Ikole local government had the least value (1.07 kg). The magnitude of the value of the parameters between shank length and comb height, between shank length and comb height, between shank length and body length, between comb height and comb length and between comb height and body length were positive and significant. There were positive and significant relationships between comb height and body weight and between clutch size and body weight (r = 0.34292, 0.36718) in frizzled local chickens. There was a significant positive relationship between shank length and beak length, between shank length and body weight, between comb height and beak length and between beak length and body weight. The correlations between shank colour and clutch size, between comb length and clutch size, and between beak lengths were negative. The performance of the local chickens can be greatly enhanced with improvement in basic management with the response to genetic improvement for increased body weight and egg production.
Phenotypic Characteristics of Indigenous Chickens in Selected Regions of Nigeria
The Effects of Borax (NA2B4O710H2O) on Histopathology of Wistar Rats’ Cerebrum (Rattus norvegicus) (Text)
The Effects of Borax (NA2B4O710H2O) on Histopathology of Wistar Rats’ Cerebrum (Rattus norvegicus) (Other)
HTML Summary of #409 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effects of Borax (NA2B4O710H2O) on Histopathology of Wistar Rats’ Cerebrum (Rattus norvegicus)</epc:when>
The present study aimed to determine the effects of borax (Na2B4O7.10H2O) addition on the changes of histological cerebrum imaging in the brains of white mice (Rattus norvegicus). The current research was an experimental study with randomization of 24 white mice that were divided into four treatment groups with five replications. Borax was dissolved for each treatment with a dose of 19 mg/mouse/day, 26 mg/mouse/day, and 37 mg/mouse/day, and it was administered orally for 14 days. Then, it was analyzed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The statistical analysis results suggested that there were significantly different results in each treatment group. The control treatment with an administration dose of 26 mg/rat/day had a significantly different result in the worst cloudy swelling degeneration of cerebrum in histopathology imaging on Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Using the Mann-Whitney test, it was found that the dose of borax at 37 mg/rat/day led to significant difference, compared to the other treatment groups, which means that 37 mg/rat/day of borax caused the worst pyramidal cell necrosis in histopathology imaging of the cerebrum on white mice. Borax exposure on Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) can cause cloudy swelling at a dose of 26mg/head/day, and pyramidal cell necrosis at a dose of 37 mg/head/day.
The Effects of Borax (NA2B4O710H2O) on Histopathology of Wistar Rats’ Cerebrum (Rattus norvegicus)
Controlling Food Poisoning Bacteria in Fermented Chicken Sausage Using Lactobacillus plantarum (Text)
Controlling Food Poisoning Bacteria in Fermented Chicken Sausage Using Lactobacillus plantarum (Other)
HTML Summary of #422 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Controlling Food Poisoning Bacteria in Fermented Chicken Sausage Using Lactobacillus plantarum</epc:when>
Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) bacteria is generally recognized as safe and widely used in the food industry. The current study aimed to study the antimicrobial effects of L. plantarum against some food poisoning microorganisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in oriental fermented chicken sausage for 18 days of storage at 4ᵒC. The L. plantarum has broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects that enhance the quality and safety of food products. L. plantarum reduced the count of S. aureus, B. cerus, and E. coli to 1.54, 4.26, and 3.03 Log10, respectively, after 18 days of refrigerated storage. Moreover, there were significant effects of L. plantarum on pH, thiobarbituric acid, total volatile basic nitrogen, and sensory attributes of fermented sausage samples during storage time. It was revealed that L. plantarum enhanced the physic-chemical, sensory attributes, and shelf life of fermented chicken sausage. Moreover, L. plantarum inhibited the inoculated food poisoning bacteria in fermented chicken sausage. In conclusion, it is recommended to use L. plantarum in fermented meat products as a starter and a bio-preservative to enhance the quality of the fermented chicken sausage.
Controlling Food Poisoning Bacteria in Fermented Chicken Sausage Using Lactobacillus plantarum
Milk Production and Reproductive Performance of Retained and Culled Cows in a Large Holstein Herd in Egypt (Text)
Milk Production and Reproductive Performance of Retained and Culled Cows in a Large Holstein Herd in Egypt (Other)
HTML Summary of #426 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Milk Production and Reproductive Performance of Retained and Culled Cows in a Large Holstein Herd in Egypt</epc:when>
The study aimed to identify the culling reasons of Holstein cows raised in a large commercial herd in Egypt with emphasis on the performance of retained and culled cows. A total of 31534 complete lactation records for 10994 cows calved from 2008 to 2019 were used. The overall rate of culling per lactation was 61.1%. Involuntary culling represented 92% of all culling cases. The reasons for culling included mastitis and udder problems (24.2%), reproductive disorders (18.7%), metabolic and digestive disorders (13.6%), lameness (13%), endemic diseases (10.8%), low milk yield (8.1%), respiratory diseases (4.3%) and unknown causes (7.3%). Means of 305-day milk yield and daily milk yield were significantly lower in culled cows than the retained ones. On the other hand, no significant differences were observed between culled and retained cows for days open and the number of services/conception. The high involuntary culling rate of Holstein under the Egyptian conditions revealed that management practices regarding mastitis prevention and reproductive efficiency should be improved.
Milk Production and Reproductive Performance of Retained and Culled Cows in a Large Holstein Herd in Egypt
Molecular Identification of Trypanosoma theileri and Biology of Trypanosomes (Text)
Molecular Identification of Trypanosoma theileri and Biology of Trypanosomes (Other)
HTML Summary of #431 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Molecular Identification of Trypanosoma theileri and Biology of Trypanosomes</epc:when>
Trypanosoma theileri (T. theileri ) is a non-pathogenic, cosmopolitan, and commensal protozoa of cattle. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the biology and feasibility of T. theileri as a model candidate for the discovery of a novel drug. In the present study, the isolates of T. theileri obtained from the Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM) in SDM 79 were cultivated at 26oC. Eight experiments with different inoculum and different times were grown. The growth curve was plotted to check the growth trends. The doubling time in the logarithmic phase was determined to be 17.43 hours. In addition, an experimental infection was done on a 3-month-old Holstein Friesian calf to isolate the blood-streaming shape; however, it was not successful after the blood buffy coat smear and PBMC culture in RPMI 1640 and HMI 9. Furthermore, the viability was determined by quantitative colorimetric Resazurin assay in 96-well fluorescence Microplates containing 0.4 to 2.4 mM of Resazurin. On the other hand, the response to Pentamidine (1-100 ng/mL) showed a strong negative correlation between the fluorescence signal and the highest Pentamidine concentration. IC50 was 9.25 ng/mL. Genomic DNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform method. The gradient PCR amplification using T. theileri specific PCR (Tth625-PCR) primers was detected at 465 base pair (bp). In addition, the full-length 18S rDNA sequence was detected at 730 bp. In the silico analysis using common anti-trypanosome drug targets, no significant similarity could be found on either the DNA or the protein level. Nevertheless, homologous sequences have been identified among the drug targets for Ornithine decarboxylase. Therefore, the analysis might show the possibility of using T. theileri as a model for the search of new drugs once they have entire genome sequences. Analysis of the whole genome and transcriptome indicated a phylogenetic relationship between T. theileri and other pathogenic trypanosomes which can be the basis for novel drug development.
Molecular Identification of Trypanosoma theileri and Biology of Trypanosomes
The Effects of Different Concentrations of Bay Leaf Extract on Shelf Life of Preserved Scad Fish (Text)
The Effects of Different Concentrations of Bay Leaf Extract on Shelf Life of Preserved Scad Fish (Other)
HTML Summary of #432 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effects of Different Concentrations of Bay Leaf Extract on Shelf Life of Preserved Scad Fish</epc:when>
Scad fish (Decapterus kurroides) is the most productive fish species. To provide the added value, fishermen can process scad fish into various forms of processed products, such as preserved fish, which extend the shelf life. In order to extend the shelf life of canned fish, natural preservatives could be used that contain antimicrobial agents, such as bay leaves. The present study aimed to determine the effects of bay leaf extract in different concentrations on the shelf life of preserved scad fish. In the present study, the completely randomized design was used as an experimental research method. The treatments given differed in terms of the concentration of the bay leaf extract. The groups were treated as the scad fish without bay leaf extract (A), scad fish soaked in 6% of bay leaf extract (B), scad fish soaked in 7% of bay leaf extract (C), scad fish soaked in 8% of bay leaf extract (D), and scad fish soaked in 9% of bay leaf extract (E). The analyzed parameters included the total plate count, pH, and water level test using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The supportive parameters observed included an organoleptic test. The results indicated that the lowest total bacterial count from the beginning to the end of the experiment (18 hours) occurred on treatment C (7% of bay leaf extract addition), which was 1.54 × 103 to 5.85 × 106. Regarding the water level test from the beginning to the end of the experiment, treatment A (control) was not significantly different from other treatments. The difference in the concentration of bay leaf extract on scad fish effectively inhibited the growth of bacterial colonies. In conclusion, adding bay leaf extract to scad fish could inhibit bacteria for up to 12 hours. Treatment C (7% of bay leaf extract) gave the best results since this concentration level could inhibit the bacteria on scad fish.
The Effects of Different Concentrations of Bay Leaf Extract on Shelf Life of Preserved Scad Fish
Effects of Different Levels of Moringa oleifera Whole Hydroalcoholic Extract and Seed Powder on the Hatching Rate, Nutritional Value, and Immune Response of Chukar Partridge Eggs (Text)
Effects of Different Levels of Moringa oleifera Whole Hydroalcoholic Extract and Seed Powder on the Hatching Rate, Nutritional Value, and Immune Response of Chukar Partridge Eggs (Other)
HTML Summary of #207 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Different Levels of Moringa oleifera Whole Hydroalcoholic Extract and Seed Powder on the Hatching Rate, Nutritional Value, and Immune Response of Chukar Partridge Eggs</epc:when>
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different levels of Moringa oleifera whole seed powder (MOWSP) and whole seed hydroalcoholic extract (MOWSE) on biochemical factors including minerals, fatty acids profiles, Haugh units, cholesterol content, immune response, and hatchability rate of the eggs of Chukar partridge. A total of 225 Chukar partridge were randomly divided into five groups with three replicates of 15 birds in each group. The MOWSP was provided as a supplement at the rates of 0 g (control), 5 g, and 10 g per each kg of a diet and MOWSE at the rates of 0.5 % and 1% in drinking water. Hatchability rate and Haugh unit were, respectively, increased and decreased in all treatments in comparison with the control group. The highest and the lowest hatchability rates were recorded in the MOWSE-1% and MOWSE-0.5% supplemented groups, respectively. Birds fed with MOWSE-1% had significantly higher Iron levels than birds fed with the control diet. However, copper, zinc, and magnesium levels in the Chukar partridge eggs had no significant change, compared with the control group. Further, the C18:1, C17:0, and C16:0 of eggs were increased in response to the increase of dietary MOWSP supplementation, however, proportions of C18:0 and C18:2 decreased. It was also found that MOWSE-1% increased the antibody titers of Newcastle Disease vaccine on 69 days and MOWSP-1% and MOWSE-1% increased the titers of Avian Influenza on 59 days. It was concluded that 1% of MOWSP or MOWSE is a beneficial additive for Chukar partridge.
Effects of Different Levels of Moringa oleifera Whole Hydroalcoholic Extract and Seed Powder on the Hatching Rate, Nutritional Value, and Immune Response of Chukar Partridge Eggs
Effect of Larvicidal Extract N-Hexane Lime Leaves (Citrus hystrix) on Larva Instar III Mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus) (Text)
Effect of Larvicidal Extract N-Hexane Lime Leaves (Citrus hystrix) on Larva Instar III Mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus) (Other)
HTML Summary of #446 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Larvicidal Extract N-Hexane Lime Leaves (Citrus hystrix) on Larva Instar III Mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus)</epc:when>
Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes are a vector of transmission of several types of diseases, such as filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, and dirofilariasis. Larval control is the key strategy of disease control programs caused by vectors around the world because it can prevent larvae to enter the adult stage. Control of mosquito larvae that are often used is chemically controlled. Citrus hystrix is a natural plant and contains chemical compounds that have biological activity, such as flavonoids, carotenoids, and limonoids. The present study aimed to determine the effect of citrus leaf extract (Citrus hystrix) on the mortality of the larva Culex quinquefasciatus. The method used in the current study was a laboratory experimental study method with the experimental design using a completely randomized design. The research plot carried out was the rearing larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, the manufacture of citrus leaf extract, the manufacture of larvicidal material, and the observation phase after treatment. Extract N-hexane omplet name hystrix leaf has high toxicity because it contains essential oils, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and Limonoids. The Optimal concentration of N-hexane extracts of citrus leaves that lead to larval mortality of Culex quinquefasciatus in vitro amounted to 93.33% on 4 hours of observation with a concentration of 4000 ppm. Extract N-hexane lime leaf has a larvicidal effect on the larva Culex quinquefasciatus in vitro.
Effect of Larvicidal Extract N-Hexane Lime Leaves (Citrus hystrix) on Larva Instar III Mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus)
Dexmedetomidine for sedation and correction of psychoemotional disorders in critically ill patients with COVID-19 (Text)
Dexmedetomidine for sedation and correction of psychoemotional disorders in critically ill patients with COVID-19 (Other)
JLSB 11(5) 80-87, 2021-Dexmedetomidine for psychoemotional disorders in COVID-19 patients.pdf
HTML Summary of #570 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Dexmedetomidine for sedation and correction of psychoemotional disorders in critically ill patients with COVID-19</epc:when>
Aim. The objective of this study was to evaluate sedation therapy effectiveness in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 who received dexmedetomidine compared to propofol. Methods. The research was done in a prospective single center to a cohort study of critically ill 333 adult patients with COVID-19 and psychoemotional disorders (depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder) admitted in the ICU of the Republican Specialized Hospital for COVID-19 in Uzbekistan. Patients were non-invasive ventilated more than 24 hours and received intravenous sedation with dexmedetomidine or propofol. Results. The risk of progression of the pathological process decreased from 47.6% to 21.8% and, accordingly, the proportion of patients with stabilization and improvement of their condition increased from 52.4% to 79.4% (p<0.001). The possibilities of non-invasive respiratory support were expanded with a reduction in the frequency of tracheal intubations from 17.3% to 7.3% (p<0.001), the duration of ICU stay was from 12.6±0.8 to 9.4±0.6 days, and the duration of respiratory therapy was from 8.4±0.5 to 5.2±0.4 days. In particular, there was an improvement in oxygen saturation (SpO2) recovery after one day of intensive therapy from 86.6±0.2% to 92.2±0.3% with non-invasive ventilation and a higher oxygenation index (2.3 in the dexmedetomidine group versus 1.6 in the propofol group, p=0.032) during the period of sedation withdrawal. Conclusion. In the presence of severe psychoemotional disorders, the effectiveness of etiotropic and pathogenetic treatment protocols of COVID-19 directly depends on the proper sedation regimen. In this aspect, dexmedetomidine provides adequate and safe respiratory support with an improvement in external respiration, blood gas composition and a minimal negative hemodynamic effect.
Dexmedetomidine for sedation and correction of psychoemotional disorders in critically ill patients with COVID-19
The Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed on Miana Plant Flour (Plectranthus scutellarioides, L.) R. Br (Text)
The Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed on Miana Plant Flour (Plectranthus scutellarioides, L.) R. Br (Other)
HTML Summary of #246 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed on Miana Plant Flour (Plectranthus scutellarioides, L.) R. Br</epc:when>
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Miana plant flour (Plectranthus scutellarioides, L.) R. Br. in the diet on the performance of broiler chickens. The current study used 100 broiler chickens from day-old chicks, and a commercial diet was given up to seven days for the adaptation period. The present experiment was designed in a completely randomized design with five different levels of Miana plant flour (0, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5%) in broiler chicken’s diet as treatments (N = 20 bird/level), and each treatment was repeated four times. The diet was arranged iso-protein (21%) and iso-energy (2900 kcal/kg). Daily feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio (measured every week and divided by seven to get daily data), Live weight, Carcass percentage with skin, Carcass percentage nonskin, and abdominal fat pad percentage were measured at the end of the study. The results showed that the inclusion of Miana plant flour in broiler chickens’ diet significantly affected daily weight gain, live weight, feed conversion, carcass percentage with skin, carcass percentage except for skin while it did not affect daily feed intake and abdominal fat pad percentage. In conclusion, Miana plant flour can be used up to 12.5% in the diet non any negative effect on broiler chickens’ performance.
The Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed on Miana Plant Flour (Plectranthus scutellarioides, L.) R. Br
Effects of Broiler Breeders’ Age on Egg Quality Characteristics and Their Correlation Coefficients (Text)
Effects of Broiler Breeders’ Age on Egg Quality Characteristics and Their Correlation Coefficients (Other)
HTML Summary of #248 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Broiler Breeders’ Age on Egg Quality Characteristics and Their Correlation Coefficients</epc:when>
The current study was designed to assess the effect of Ross breeder hens’ age on the egg qualities and their correlations. The external and internal qualities of eggs were compared, and their correlation coefficients as influenced by the age of breeder hens were determined. A sample of 300 Ross breeder hen eggs was obtained from the Ross breeder farm with 100 eggs drawn from each laying period of ages, namely 30, 45, and 60 weeks. Measured parameters included egg weight, egg length, egg width, shell weight, and shell thickness. Data were evaluated for linear and quadratic effects using polynomial contrasts. Response surface regression analysis was applied to describe the responses of egg quality to the aging of breeder hens. The results showed that egg weight, egg length, egg width, shell weight, egg yolk, egg content, egg volume, shell percentage, albumen weight, egg shape index, and egg surface area increased over time. Haugh unit and thick albumen indicated that the eggs in all age groups were fresh and had high quality. Shell thickness was constant in all age groups. Egg weight was significantly correlated with egg length, width, yolk (length, width, weight, and height), and shell weight. In conclusion, the egg quality improved as the hens' age increased implying that age is an effective factor in improving the quality of eggs.
Effects of Broiler Breeders’ Age on Egg Quality Characteristics and Their Correlation Coefficients
Biochemical Effect of Nigella sativa Seeds on Fatty Acids, Lipid Profile, and Antioxidants of Laying Hens (Text)
Biochemical Effect of Nigella sativa Seeds on Fatty Acids, Lipid Profile, and Antioxidants of Laying Hens (Other)
HTML Summary of #257 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Biochemical Effect of Nigella sativa Seeds on Fatty Acids, Lipid Profile, and Antioxidants of Laying Hens</epc:when>
This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical effect of Nigella sativa (NS) seeds as feed additives on serum and egg yolk lipids, antioxidants, and fatty acids in laying hens. The experiment was conducted on 42 Commercial Mandarah strain laying hens at 31 weeks old with uniform body weight which were assigned to 2 groups with 21 hens per group. Control group and NS group (basal diet + 2% NS seeds) were examined for 12 weeks. The findings indicated that NS fed group showed a significant decrease in cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL concentrations in serum and egg yolk with a significant increase in HDL concentration. In addition, the antioxidant status of NS hens improved as MDA and NO concentrations significantly decreased in serum and egg yolk, while SOD, GSH, and TAC increased. Moreover, an increase in egg yolk concentration of unsaturated fatty acid linolenic, with a decrease in palmitic fatty acid concentration in egg yolk. Conclusively, NS has beneficial effects on antioxidants and different lipid fractions of serum and egg yolk of laying hens.
Biochemical Effect of Nigella sativa Seeds on Fatty Acids, Lipid Profile, and Antioxidants of Laying Hens
Evaluation of Rheological Characteristics of Graphite Modified Bitumen (Text)
Evaluation of Rheological Characteristics of Graphite Modified Bitumen (Other)
HTML Summary of #976 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Evaluation of Rheological Characteristics of Graphite Modified Bitumen</epc:when>
The level of performance of asphalt concrete has a close relationship with the properties of bitumen used. This research evaluates the rheological parameters of graphite modified bitumen. Index properties tests were conducted on bitumen and graphite to determine their suitability. Dynamic viscosity and dynamic shear rheometer were conducted on bituminous binder modified with four different proportion of graphite ranging from 2% to 10% by bitumen weight. Dynamic viscosity test was conducted on bitumen and graphite modified bitumen at temperature of 1350C and 1650C using Brookfield Viscometer. The rheological properties are centered on phase angle (δ) and complex shear modulus (G*) which were determined on bitumen and graphite modified bitumen at temperature ranging from 520C – 700C at 10 rad/s frequency using Dynamic Shear Rheometer in accordance with ASTM D7175-15. The storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G") and rutting parameters were then evaluated from phase angle and complex shear modulus. The bitumen and graphite modified bitumen showed that graphite modified bitumen has the highest complex shear modulus and rutting parameter of 8984 (kPa) and 33387 (kPa) at 10% graphite content. The results of viscosity helped to determine the mixing and compaction temperatures. Dynamic shear rheometer test results determined the elastic and viscous behaviour at various temperature. The higher the complex shear modulus and rutting parameter the stiffer the binder will resist deformation and rutting.
Evaluation of Rheological Characteristics of Graphite Modified Bitumen
Strength Characteristics of Concrete with Waste Polypropylene as Modifier for Pavement Construction (Text)
Strength Characteristics of Concrete with Waste Polypropylene as Modifier for Pavement Construction (Other)
HTML Summary of #975 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Strength Characteristics of Concrete with Waste Polypropylene as Modifier for Pavement Construction</epc:when>
The demand for a better performing pavement and the need to convert the ever-growing polymer waste into beneficial use necessitated the need to develop and characterize a polypropylene modified concrete for use in pavement construction. This research focuses on characterizing the strength of concrete produced with waste polypropylene waste as modifiers for pavement construction. The materials used in this research are fine and coarse aggregates, cement and polypropylene waste chairs (PWC). Tests were performed on the aggregate and fresh concrete to determine their suitability and characteristics for use in concrete for pavement. Two concrete grades 1:2:4 and 1:3:6 was produced into 200 mm, 400 mm and 500 mm long paving stones on which compressive and flexural tests were performed. Results obtained showed that 400 mm 1:2:4 grade concrete has the highest compressive strength of 27.36 N/mm2 at 10% polypropylene composition. The 200 mm 1:2:4 concrete grade paving stone with 10% polyprpopylene composition has the highest flexural strength of 12.90 N/mm2. The 200 mm at 10% polypropylene composition correlation coefficient has that the highest value of 0.98 which better explains the compression-flexural strength relationship and validates the 200 mm length at 10% polypropylene composition paving stone as the most adequate length of paving stone for pavement construction. It was concluded that the 200 mm long 1:2:4 concrete grade paving stone at 10% polypropylene composition is the best length of paving stone that can give an adequate flexural strength which is the most important requirent in concrete pavement requirement.
Strength Characteristics of Concrete with Waste Polypropylene as Modifier for Pavement Construction
Micropathology of the Internal Organs of Japanese Quails Naturally Infected with Eimeria tenella (Text)
Micropathology of the Internal Organs of Japanese Quails Naturally Infected with Eimeria tenella (Other)
HTML Summary of #300 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Micropathology of the Internal Organs of Japanese Quails Naturally Infected with Eimeria tenella</epc:when>
Сoccidiosis is a protozoan disease caused by Eimeria bateri (E. bateri), Eimeria tsunodai (E. tsunodai), Eimeria uzura (E. uzura), Eimeria tenella (E. tenella), Eimeria necatrix (E. necatrix), and Eimeria acervulina (E. acervulina). The goal of the current study was to explore the micropathology of the duodenum, jejunum, caecum, liver, lung, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland of Japanese quails naturally infected with. E. tenella. The histopathological examination revealed that developmental E. tenella led to the damage of caecal, duodenal, and jejunal. Necrosis and desquamation of the integumentary epithelium, atrophy of crypts and folds, hemorrhages, lymphoid infiltration were confirmed in the mucous membrane of these intestines. The main changes observed in the parenchymal organs involved the fatty dystrophy of hepatocytes and lymphoid infiltration of parenchyma of the liver, stagnant hyperemia and edema of the lungs; granular dystrophy and necrosis of epithelial cells of the collecting ducts of the kidneys, venostasis of blood sinusoids of the spleen, hyperplasia of interrenal tissue, and dystrophia of suprarenal tissue of the adrenal gland. Morphometric studies have shown that pathological changes in the organs of quails infected with E. tenella led to a decrease in the thickness of the caecal mucosa, volume of the parabronchial lumen of the lung, and the number of renal corpuscles of the infected group, compared to the control group. The indicators of the interrenal-adrenal index of the adrenal glands, the number of clusters of lymphoid cells of the liver, and lymphoid nodules of the spleen increased. The received information could offer deep insights about pathogens in quails coccidiosis and can be used for planning therapeutic measures.
Micropathology of the Internal Organs of Japanese Quails Naturally Infected with Eimeria tenella
Fowl Adenovirus in Chickens: Diseases, Epidemiology, Impact, and Control Strategies to The Malaysian Poultry Industry – A Review (Text)
Fowl Adenovirus in Chickens: Diseases, Epidemiology, Impact, and Control Strategies to The Malaysian Poultry Industry – A Review (Other)
HTML Summary of #322 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Fowl Adenovirus in Chickens: Diseases, Epidemiology, Impact, and Control Strategies to The Malaysian Poultry Industry – A Review</epc:when>
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) infection is a major threat in commercial poultry farms which exerts serious economic impacts on the poultry industry. At the end of 2018, it was reported that a decrease of 9.0% in revenue to RM692.9 million was due to high mortality and low broiler production volume as a result of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) outbreaks in Malaysia. Fowl adenovirus is a double-stranded DNA virus made up of 5 genotypes and 12 serotypes. The potential danger posed by this virus to the Malaysian poultry industry is hereby discussed. Fowl adenovirus serotype 8b has been reported to be predominant in Malaysian chicken where it causes IBH. It predominantly affects 3 to 7 weeks old broiler chickens as well as layer chickens. Inclusion body hepatitis has been reported in farms in the states of Perak, Johore, and Malacca in Malaysia with a mortality range of 9.6-30%. Morbidity is low and infected chickens may present crouching position with ruffled feathers and die within 48 hours or may recover. Recovered chickens usually indicate low feed intake, feed conversion, and weight gain. Typical IBH lesions include friable, and inflamed liver, petechial hemorrhages on the musculature, and microscopic basophilic/eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the hepatocytes. Fowl adenovirus can be transmitted vertically from hen to offspring through the eggs and cause disease conditions to chicks especially those with no or low maternal antibodies. It is also transmitted horizontally through contact with feces and fluids from infected birds or humans as well as contaminated fomites. Although adequate biosecurity measures could reduce the incidences of this infection, some strains are resistant to disinfectants. Therefore, the major form of control is vaccination which makes the development of live attenuated and potent inactivated vaccines imperative. To avoid a crisis in broiler meat production in the country, regional cooperations among major stakeholders in the Malaysian poultry industry are advised to eradicate this disease. Inclusion body hepatitis in Malaysia could cause a significant reduction in broiler meat production and therefore is a potential danger to the Malaysian poultry industry.
Fowl Adenovirus in Chickens: Diseases, Epidemiology, Impact, and Control Strategies to The Malaysian Poultry Industry – A Review
Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Broiler Chickens Fed with an Encapsulated Blend of a Phytogenic Feed Additive (Text)
Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Broiler Chickens Fed with an Encapsulated Blend of a Phytogenic Feed Additive (Other)
HTML Summary of #329 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Broiler Chickens Fed with an Encapsulated Blend of a Phytogenic Feed Additive</epc:when>
Phytogenic Feed Additives (PFAs) from herbs, spices, and derived natural or corresponding synthetic chemically defined flavorings have gained momentum due to the rising worldwide ban of Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGPs) in food animals. The present study evaluated the efficacy of a PFA in broiler chickens diets on growth performance and digestibility parameters. A total of 880 male one-day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments, each with 20 replicates and 22 chickens per replicate. A corn-soybean-based diet was fed for 42 days as a control diet without PFA, and a treatment diet contained a blend of Carvacrol, Thymol, Carvone, Methyl salicylate, and Menthol encapsulated (as PFAs) at 65 g/ton of feed. Chickens supplemented with PFA had a 3.6% higher Body Weight Gain (BWG) during the starter phase (0 to 14 days) than those in the control group (25.9 versus 25.0 g/d) and a 2.9% reduced Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) during the same period, compared to the control group (1.34 versus 1.38). Improved FCR (1.95 versus 2.01) was recorded in the PFA supplemented broiler chickens during the finisher phase (35 to 42 days) as well as throughout the experimental period from 1 to 42 days, compared to the control group (1.60 versus 1.62). In addition, the apparent ileal protein digestibility improved by 3.9% during 42 days, compared to the control group (74.3 vs 71.5%). Enhanced ileal protein digestibility and a reduced FCR suggested a cost-effective potential of PFA to improve broiler chickens’ production performance.
Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Broiler Chickens Fed with an Encapsulated Blend of a Phytogenic Feed Additive
Effect of Beneficial Microorganisms, Turmeric (Curcuma Longa), and Their Combination as Feed Additives on Fertility, Hatchability, and Chick Quality Parameters of White Leghorn Layers (Text)
Effect of Beneficial Microorganisms, Turmeric (Curcuma Longa), and Their Combination as Feed Additives on Fertility, Hatchability, and Chick Quality Parameters of White Leghorn Layers (Other)
HTML Summary of #335 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Beneficial Microorganisms, Turmeric (Curcuma Longa), and Their Combination as Feed Additives on Fertility, Hatchability, and Chick Quality Parameters of White Leghorn Layers</epc:when>
A The use of probiotics, yeast, and other natural feed additives in poultry feeds has received a lot of attention in recent years. The increased public awareness and opposition to the use of antibiotics as a growth promoter has sparked a lot of interest. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of multi-strain effective microorganisms (EM), turmeric powder (TP), and their combination (EM-TP) on fertility, hatchability, and chick quality of White Leghorn layer chickens. A total of 144 White Leghorn hens aged 26 weeks were assigned into four treatments with three replications for each treatment (12 layer chickens and 2 cocks per replications). The treatments were consisting of no additive or control (CTL), control + 0.5 ml/lit EM, control + 0.5% TP, and control + 0.25 ml/lit EM + 0.25% TP (EM-TP) which was arranged in a complete randomized design. There was no significant difference in embryonic mortality at different growth stages among treatments while the highest fertility was for EM. The lowest hatchability on fertile egg and total egg basis was observed in hens fed the control diet. Hatchability on the total egg basis for TP was lower than that of EM. The lowest average chick weight and length values were for the control treatment. The yield percentage for the control was lower than those fed a diet containing EM and a combination of EM and TP. There were no significant differences in the visual score of chick quality measurement among treatments. In conclusion, the use of EM and TP alone and its combination as an additive to the diet of White Leghorn layer chickens improved hatchability percentage, chick weight at hatch, and chick length. Further study is suggested to determine the optimum level of EM and TP inclusion in layer breeder diet to achieve the desired beneficial outcome on fertility, hatchability, and chick quality traits.
Effect of Beneficial Microorganisms, Turmeric (Curcuma Longa), and Their Combination as Feed Additives on Fertility, Hatchability, and Chick Quality Parameters of White Leghorn Layers
Concurrent Respiratory Disease in Broiler Chickens in Egypt during 2020 (Text)
Concurrent Respiratory Disease in Broiler Chickens in Egypt during 2020 (Other)
HTML Summary of #544 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Concurrent Respiratory Disease in Broiler Chickens in Egypt during 2020</epc:when>
Poultry production has been affected by multiple respiratory diseases triggering serious economic losses in Egypt. The current study aimed to investigate the situation and genetic evolution of respiratory diseases in Egypt during 2020. A total of 53 samples were collected from infected flocks suffering from respiratory signs and variable mortality rates from nine governorates in Egypt during 2020. The collected samples were examined for the detection of respiratory disease viruses (Avian influenza virus (AIV (H5N8, H9N2), Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV)) by rRT-PCR. The single infection was confirmed in 90.6% (37.7% I.B, 30.2% AIV (H5N8), 9.4% I.B and 5.7% NDV) and co-infection of HPAIV (H5N8) + I.BV and LPAIV (H9N2) +IBV were detected in 3.8% of nine governorates. The HA gene of HPAIV (H5N8) was cluster to clad 2.3.4.4.1b in a new branch with characteristic specific mutations especially in T140A in antigenic site A and R72S in the receptor-binding site, compared to A/duck/Egypt/F446/2017 with low A.A identity percent with vaccinal strains of H5N1 and H5N2 reaching to 91.9-94% and 84.6%, respectively. The HA gene of AIV (H9N2) belonged to A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97-like virus clustered with group B with a specific mutation (212I) that may affect the human transmission of the virus. The HVRs of S1 gene of IBV cluster to GI23 (Egy Var I) clad with multiple mutations in HVR1 and HVR2, compared to IBV/CU/4/2014 and low identity percent (68.3-78.8%) with vaccine strains (H120, M41, 4/91). In conclusion, respiratory disease continues to circulate and rapidly evolve in Egypt during 2020.
Concurrent Respiratory Disease in Broiler Chickens in Egypt during 2020
Effect Of Dietary Inclusion Of Fermented Pineapple Peel Waste On Performance And Egg Yolk Cholesterol Level Of Laying Hens (Text)
Effect Of Dietary Inclusion Of Fermented Pineapple Peel Waste On Performance And Egg Yolk Cholesterol Level Of Laying Hens (Other)
HTML Summary of #14 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect Of Dietary Inclusion Of Fermented Pineapple Peel Waste On Performance And Egg Yolk Cholesterol Level Of Laying Hens</epc:when>
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermented-pineapple peel waste (FPPW) with indigenous microorganisms (IMO) solution from bamboo sprout on performance and egg yolk cholesterol of laying hen ration. In this experiment, a total number of 200 ISA Brown laying hens with 32 weeks old with 70 egg production and average egg weight 58.58 g/egg were used. A completely randomized design was used in this experiment. Five different levels of supplementation with FPPW (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20) were used in ration, and each treatment was replicated four times. The measured parameters were daily feed consumption, daily egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and egg yolk cholesterol. The results indicated that FPPW with IMO solution from bamboo sprout as much as 20 reduced egg yolk cholesterol significantly, and did not affect daily feed consumption, daily egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and FCR significantly. It has been concluded that FPPW could be used up to 20 in laying hens rations without disrupting performance (daily feed consumption, hen day egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and FCR), and could reduce egg yolk cholesterol as much as 16.86 © 2021, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
Effect Of Dietary Inclusion Of Fermented Pineapple Peel Waste On Performance And Egg Yolk Cholesterol Level Of Laying Hens
COST COMPARISON OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION AND NATURAL SERVICE IN SHEEP BREEDING SYSTEM (Text)
COST COMPARISON OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION AND NATURAL SERVICE IN SHEEP BREEDING SYSTEM (Other)
HTML Summary of #19 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">COST COMPARISON OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION AND NATURAL SERVICE IN SHEEP BREEDING SYSTEM</epc:when>
The cost information of animal breeding is a major concern in the farming system when making management and production system improvement decisions. Moreover, it is important to identify the most important cost positions and perspectives of the production process. This study is, therefore aimed to estimate, identify, and compare the cost contribution and breeding cost of artificial insemination (AI) vs. natural service in sheep production systems using frozen ram semen. Natural service by hand mating was performed to breed the ewes (n = 24) in estrus detected by a teaser ram maintained in a flock of 40 ewes. Artificial insemination was performed in synchronized ewes (n=10) after cervical ripening treatment using intramuscular injection of oxytocin. Breeding and performance costs were estimated by analyzing the cost associated factors. Per head insemination cost and cost per pregnancy in an artificial breeding program (2.80 and 5.59) were higher than natural breeding program (1.40 and 1.77) in sheep production. Ram depreciation cost, feed cost, and maintenance cost-shared the maximum cost in natural breeding, while the frozen semen cost, a special type of eccentric AI pipette cost, and hormone cost provoke the increased cost as the major constraints of the artificial breeding program. Minimizing the constraints and improving efforts in the conception rate of artificial insemination, farmers or producers will be benefited from natural breeding through rapid exploitation of the desired genetics cost-effectively. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
COST COMPARISON OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION AND NATURAL SERVICE IN SHEEP BREEDING SYSTEM
PRODUCTIVE, NUTRITIONAL, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF BARKI EWES TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROUGHAGES (BERSEEM HAY, ATRIPLEX OR SILAGE) AND DRY YEAST DURING GESTATION AND SUCKLING PERIODS (Text)
PRODUCTIVE, NUTRITIONAL, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF BARKI EWES TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROUGHAGES (BERSEEM HAY, ATRIPLEX OR SILAGE) AND DRY YEAST DURING GESTATION AND SUCKLING PERIODS (Other)
HTML Summary of #20 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PRODUCTIVE, NUTRITIONAL, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF BARKI EWES TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROUGHAGES (BERSEEM HAY, ATRIPLEX OR SILAGE) AND DRY YEAST DURING GESTATION AND SUCKLING PERIODS</epc:when>
The aim of study was to investigate the effect of different types of roughage (hay, green and silage) and yeast added to the barley grain on the productive performance of the Barki ewes during the gestation and suckling periods. Eighty-four Barki ewes, 3-4 years of age and 42.93±0.19 kg of average body weight, were randomly assigned to six groups (14 ewes in each) before the mating season. A factorial design was used for 3 x 2 treatments based on Berseem hay (BH), and either fresh Atriplex halimus (FA) or silage (AS) in the absence (Y-) or presence (Y+) of 5g/ewe/day of the dry yeast. All ewe groups recorded gain in their live body weight (LBW) during early and late gestation period. The highest loss in LBW was recorded for BH and Y+ during the suckling period. The AS was the highest consumed roughage followed by BH and then FA during the gestation and suckling periods. The addition of yeast (Y+) resulted a reduction of roughage intake than control one (Y-) during both gestation stages but the total milk yield (TMY) was significantly higher for BH followed by FA and AS. Also, Y+ significantly increased (P<0.05) the TMY (423) compared to Y- (384) treatment. Milk fat content was not affected by roughages type, yeast addition or their interaction. However, milk protein content was significantly higher for BH (5.14) than the other types of roughage. Silage (AS) was better than other roughages in conversion efficiency to milk and also Y+ was better than Y-. Yeast addition to ewes diets increased birth weight of their lambs compared to un-supplemented one (Y-). It could be concluded that weaning weight relative to that in hay group was 93.6 and 80.4 for AS and FA, respectively. Generally, adding yeast to different roughage diets during suckling period led to a significant increase in weaning weight. Furthermore, the economic efficiency (EE) was higher (P<0.05) in both FA and AS compared to BH. Also, yeast addition (Y+) resulted in higher EE (P<0.05) in compared to Y-. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
PRODUCTIVE, NUTRITIONAL, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF BARKI EWES TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROUGHAGES (BERSEEM HAY, ATRIPLEX OR SILAGE) AND DRY YEAST DURING GESTATION AND SUCKLING PERIODS
INFLUENCE OF THE SUBSTRATES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF HOUSEFLY LARVAE (Musca domesticus) MEAL FOR BROILERS NUTRITION (Text)
INFLUENCE OF THE SUBSTRATES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF HOUSEFLY LARVAE (Musca domesticus) MEAL FOR BROILERS NUTRITION (Other)
HTML Summary of #21 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">INFLUENCE OF THE SUBSTRATES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF HOUSEFLY LARVAE (Musca domesticus) MEAL FOR BROILERS NUTRITION</epc:when>
The present study was assigned to assess the production and nutritional value of maggots (housefly larvae, Musca domestica) meals produced in chicken droppings and pig slurry as substrates and their effects on growth performance and serological parameters of broiler chicks at the starter phase. A control ration without animal meal (R0) was compared to three other rations containing respectively 5 fishmeal (FM), blood meal (BM) and maggots (MA). The rations were randomly distributed to 4 groups (T0, FM, BM, and MA) of 56 chicks each. Slurry supplemented with bovine blood has been shown to be more productive than other substrates, with a maximum production of 246.75 g per 2 kg of substrate after five days of incubation. The highest average temperature (28.28 ± 3.43°C) was recorded in chicken droppings around 12 hours of the day. The pupae appear before the 10th day and breeding was no longer productive after the 15th day, both in hen droppings and in pig manure supplemented or not with blood. The humidity and temperature variations in the two substrates did not have any noticeable effects on the production and chemical composition of the maggots. Proximate analysis of maggot flour revealed a high content of protein (41-57), ash (7.31-8.26) and minerals such as phosphorus (5.25-5.55), calcium (1.92-3.92) and magnesium (7.04-7.92). The growth performance and development of regulatory organs and digestive organs such as liver, kidneys, intestine, and bursa of Fabricius of the chicks were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments. In conclusion, the production and nutritional value of maggots depend on the type and composition of the substrate and can be safely use as proteins sources in broilers at the starter phase of production. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
INFLUENCE OF THE SUBSTRATES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF HOUSEFLY LARVAE (Musca domesticus) MEAL FOR BROILERS NUTRITION
Effects Of Different Levels Of Buclizine Hydrochloride For Pigs During The Growth And Fattening Phase (Text)
Effects Of Different Levels Of Buclizine Hydrochloride For Pigs During The Growth And Fattening Phase (Other)
HTML Summary of #12 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects Of Different Levels Of Buclizine Hydrochloride For Pigs During The Growth And Fattening Phase</epc:when>
The Study aimed to determine the effect of Buclizine hydrochloride in the bristles diet at the growing and fattening stage and also determine the economic and cost-benefit output. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design (DBCA) with 4 treatments and 6 repetitions, a total of 24 experimental units, and landrace bristles with a live weight of ± 18 kg at the beginning of the investigation. Based on the results, the T3 treatment (Buclizine 0.050 mg/kg/animal/week) was the best level of Buclizina supplementation for both growing and fattening stages for efficiency and food conversion in treated animals. T3 treatment has the final weight of 53.83 ± 5 kg over T1 treatment which has the 48.5 ± 6 Kg over T2 and T4 which get totaled 47 Kg of final weight. The Economic efficacy of treatment T3 (Buclizine 0.050 mg/kg/animal/week) was in the level of best benefit ratio between the treatments. Regarding hematological alterations, there was no type of alteration at the renal or hepatic level, since the analysis of the blood biochemistry revealed a correct functioning of these organs. It’s concluded that using Buclizine hydrochloride in the level of 0.05 mg/kg/animal/week in pigs can be efficient in term of growing and fattening performance with economic efficacy © 2021. Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved
Effects Of Different Levels Of Buclizine Hydrochloride For Pigs During The Growth And Fattening Phase
Methane Emission Factors From Indigenous Cattle Breed In Smallholder Livestock Production Systems In Ethiopia (Text)
Methane Emission Factors From Indigenous Cattle Breed In Smallholder Livestock Production Systems In Ethiopia (Other)
HTML Summary of #13 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Methane Emission Factors From Indigenous Cattle Breed In Smallholder Livestock Production Systems In Ethiopia</epc:when>
The objective of this study was to estimate methane (CH4) emission factor from enteric fermentation and manure management in indigenous cattle in Ethiopian highland using intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) tier 2 methodologies. A survey was conducted in 2018 using questionnaire regarding cattle management, feed and feeding system on 50 smallholder farmers in central Ethiopia. Information was also collected from literature and contact with federal and regional research institutions. This information was used as input in the IPCC tier 2 methodologies for estimation of CH4 emission factors for eight cattle sub-categories. Results indicated that enteric CH4 emission factors were estimated to be 65, 49, 37, 56, 66, 58, 63 and 11 for mature lactating cows, dry cows, heifers (2-3 years), growing females (1-2 years), draught oxen, mature breeding males, growing males (1-2 years) and calves (< 1 year), respectively. Manure management CH4 emission factors were 4.97, 3.77, 2.86, 4.33, 5.06, 4.47, 4.88 and 1.71 kg/head/year for mature lactating cows, dry cows, heifers (2-3 years), growing females (1-2 years), draught oxen, mature breeding males, growing males (1-2 years) and calves (< 1 year), respectively. The present estimate on enteric CH4 emission factor using tier 2 methodologies in present study ranged from 11 to 66 kg per head per year while manure management CH4 emission factor ranged from 1.71 to 5 kg per head per year. These values are higher than the IPCC 2006 tier 1 default values for African region. However, present work’s estimates are within a range of literature reports for other cattle in different countries. Further research is required to improve emission factors estimates using primary data on live weight, animal performance and feed characterization. © 2021. Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
Methane Emission Factors From Indigenous Cattle Breed In Smallholder Livestock Production Systems In Ethiopia
QL Zoology
Performance of Fly Ash as Replacement for Non-Renewable Constituent in Asphaltic Concrete for Road Development (Text)
Performance of Fly Ash as Replacement for Non-Renewable Constituent in Asphaltic Concrete for Road Development (Other)
HTML Summary of #973 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Performance of Fly Ash as Replacement for Non-Renewable Constituent in Asphaltic Concrete for Road Development</epc:when>
The non-renewable constituent used in asphalt concrete consumed large amount of materials resulting an increase in the price of asphalt mixture and consequently the cost of road development. On the other hand, huge industrial waste being generated daily from human activities causes environmental degradations. Thus, the study evaluates the performance of fly ash (FA) in asphalt concrete development targeted for road application. The aggregate, bitumen, and fly ash were characterized before being used. The stone dust in asphalt mixture was replaced with FA in predetermined proportions of 2, 4, 6, and 8% to produce a cylindrical specimen of asphalt mixture concrete. Marshal stability test, flow test, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was conducted on the composite samples. From the results, stability values of 7.39, 7.70, 7.90 and 8.22 KN was obtained at 2, 4, 6 and 8% replacements, respectively. Hence, the optimum value of 8.22 KN obtained from 8% partial replacement with FA is adequate for heavy traffic while other partial replacement from 2- 6% with stability within the range of 7.39-7.90 KN is suitable for medium traffic in accordance with the criteria for the marshal mix design method provided by Asphalt institute (1997). Corresponding values of 3.7, 3.5, 3.3 and 3.0 mm was obtained for the flow. The flow, air void, void in mineral aggregates and void filled with bitumen results all satisfied Nigeria general specification for road and bridges (1997). Therefore, fly ash can be used as partial replacement in asphaltic concrete to enhance the performance of the mix with a reduced cost for pavement construction.
Performance of Fly Ash as Replacement for Non-Renewable Constituent in Asphaltic Concrete for Road Development
Effect of manually applied device on hand strength and functions in physiotherapists (Text)
Effect of manually applied device on hand strength and functions in physiotherapists (Other)
JLSB 11(4) 72-80, 2021-manually applied device on hand strength.pdf
HTML Summary of #569 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of manually applied device on hand strength and functions in physiotherapists</epc:when>
Background. Musculoskeletal injuries are one of the largest health problems among physiotherapists, because their work exposes them to have a high risk of grip strength, pinch of thumb strength, and hand functions problems. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the manually applied cavitation device on hand grip, pinch of thumb strength, and hand functions. Methods. From 60 physiotherapists were participated in this research, 30 of them (as group A with 30 subjects) did not use the manually applied cavitation device before and 30 physiotherapists (as group B with 30 subjects) used the manually applied cavitation device at least for one year. Handheld dynamometer has been used to measure grip strength, pinch dynamometer was used to measure pinch of thumb strength, and Michigan questionnaire was used to assess hand functions. Results. In group A (within group) there was no significant difference of pinch strength or hand functions when compared between dominant hand and non-dominant hand of the same subject, while there was significant increase of grip strength at dominant side compared to non-dominant side. In group B (within group) there was no significant difference of grip strength and hand functions when compared between dominant hand and non-dominant hand of the same subject while there was significant increase of pinch strength at dominant side compared to non-dominant side. A comparison between dominant sides of groups A and B, and also between non-dominant sides groups A and B showed significant increase of pinch of thumb strength of dominant and non-dominant side of group A in relation to group B. There was significant increase of hand functions of dominant side of group A in relation to group B while there was no significant difference of hand functions of non-dominant side between groups A and B. Conclusion. Work-related wrist-hand grip strength, pinch of thumb strength, and hand functions in physiotherapists is a prevalent problem among physiotherapists who perform manual techniques and use manually applied device for long time. Recommendations. There is a need to perform similar studies on large group, for physiotherapists working for many years with the manually applied cavitation device and also to find the effect of the manually applied cavitation device on elbow, shoulder, and cervical pain in physiotherapists.
Effect of manually applied device on hand strength and functions in physiotherapists
Ecotoxicity of hospital wastewaters and their impact on bacterial multi-drug resistance: a review (Text)
Ecotoxicity of hospital wastewaters and their impact on bacterial multi-drug resistance: a review (Other)
JLSB 11(4) 58-71, 2021-Ecotoxicity of hospital wastewaters.pdf
HTML Summary of #568 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Ecotoxicity of hospital wastewaters and their impact on bacterial multi-drug resistance: a review</epc:when>
Introduction. Hospitals use large varieties of substances for medical purposes such as in diagnostics, research, and upkeep of care materials. Diagnostic materials/substances, disinfectants, and excreted non-metabolized pharmaceuticals by patients, reach the wastewater. This form of elimination may generate risks for aquatic organisms, the emergence of antibiotic resistance, and human health problems. Aim. The aim of this study was to synthesize the contribution of liquid hospital effluents to the fragility of health in general and the emergence of bacterial resistance in particular. Methods. The data were collected from science’s database using keywords. Results. The results showed that the heavy metal residues in these effluents and their bacterial selection mechanism reduce biodiversity, increase the vulnerability of urban and peri-urban populations, and promote the proliferation of multi-drug resistant bacteria. The threat is particularly worrying with the advent of resistance to the beta-lactams. Recommendation. Intervention strategies must be integrated and targeted at those primarily responsible for the management of hospital liquid effluents and the systems for handling these effluents.
Ecotoxicity of hospital wastewaters and their impact on bacterial multi-drug resistance: a review
Comparison of Generalized Extreme Value, Log Normal and Weibull Distributions for Assessment of Low-Flow (Text)
Comparison of Generalized Extreme Value, Log Normal and Weibull Distributions for Assessment of Low-Flow (Other)
HTML Summary of #974 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Comparison of Generalized Extreme Value, Log Normal and Weibull Distributions for Assessment of Low-Flow</epc:when>
Assessment of low-flow is an important aspect for water quality management, reservoir storage design, determining minimum release policy and safe surface water withdrawals. For which, the annual minimum d-day average flow is generally adopted procedure for characterizing the low-flow in a stream, which can be obtained by averaging the flow using moving average method for ‘d’ consecutive days viz., 7-, 10-, 14- and 30- days. This paper presents a study on comparison of three probability distributions such as Generalized Extreme Value, 2-parameter Log Normal (LN2) and Weibull adopted in estimation of low-flow for river Cauvery at Kollegal gauging site. The parameters are determined by three methods viz., method of moments, maximum likelihood method and L-Moments (LMO), and are used for estimation of low-flow. The adequacy of fitting probability distributions adopted in low-flow frequency analysis is evaluated by quantitative assessment through Goodness-of-Fit (viz., Chi-Square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and diagnostic (viz., correlation coefficient and root mean squared error) tests, and qualitative assessment using the fitted curves of the estimated low-flow. The results of quantitative and qualitative assessments indicate that LN2 (LMO) is better suited amongst three distributions adopted in estimation of 7-, 10-, 14- and 30- day low-flows for river Cauvery at Kollegal site.
Comparison of Generalized Extreme Value, Log Normal and Weibull Distributions for Assessment of Low-Flow
Molecular Characterization of Chicken Anaemia Virus Circulating in Commercial Poultry Flocks in Egypt during 2020 (Text)
Molecular Characterization of Chicken Anaemia Virus Circulating in Commercial Poultry Flocks in Egypt during 2020 (Other)
HTML Summary of #348 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Molecular Characterization of Chicken Anaemia Virus Circulating in Commercial Poultry Flocks in Egypt during 2020</epc:when>
Chicken Anemia Virus (CAV) is an extremely contagious immunosuppressive disease causing high economic losses in poultry production. In the present study, tissue samples (bone marrow, thymus, and spleen) were collected from 86 different broiler chicken farms located in fourteen governorates in Egypt during 2020. They suffered from retard growth, weakness, and a drop in egg production with an observed mortality rate ranged 5-15%. A total of 26 samples were positive for CAV using PCR in six governorates in Lower Egypt with a 30% incidence rate, especially in Sharkia (78%), Ismailia (62.5%), and Alexandria (60%). The viral protein1 (VP1) gene of CAV was genetically characterized by sequencing of 10 selected viruses in six governorates. revealing that all Egyptian strains were clustered into two groups (A, B) that was distinct from vaccine strains (Del-Ros, Cux-1, and 26PA) which were clustered in group C. The seven Egyptian viruses in this study (A-Egypt-AN1-2020 to A-Egypt-AN7-2020) were clustered with the viruses from Japan, Argentina, and Malaysia in group A, and the other three viruses (A-Egypt-AN8-2020, A-Egypt-AN9-2020, A-Egypt-AN10-2020) were clustered with the viruses from Nigeria, and India in group B. The Egyptian viruses in the current study acquired new specific mutations clustering them into new subgroups (2A, 2B). By mutation analysis comparing with Del-Rose reference strains, V75I, M97L, and K139Q, E144Q were recorded in all viruses in the group A and B. All Egyptian viruses in the current study had specific new mutations at Y13N, H22N. Moreover, mutation at G74E in Egyptian viruses recorded in the current study was related to sub group 2A, I83V in three strains (A/Egypt/AN1/2020, A/Egypt/AN2/2020, A/Egypt/AN4/2020), and S140A in the hypervariable region was found in four strains (A/Egypt/AN1/2020, A/Egypt/AN2/2020, A/Egypt/AN4/2020 and A/Egypt/AN5/2020) in subgroup 2A. Furthermore, Q139 and Q144 amino acid substitutions, which are important in viral replication, were observed in all viruses. The field viruses in the study were distinct from the vaccinal strains by phylogenetic analysis and A.A. identity. In conclusion, the CAV was continuously circulating in Egypt from different genotypes. It acquired new specific mutations clustering them in a new subgroup, and it was distinct from vaccinal strains. Therefore, it is important to conduct continuous monitoring on the genetic evolution of CAV and further studies on the pathogenicity of the virus and the vaccine efficacy.
Molecular Characterization of Chicken Anaemia Virus Circulating in Commercial Poultry Flocks in Egypt during 2020
Fatty Acids Profiling of Pigeon Squabs (Columba Livia Domestica) Using Gas-liquid Chromatography (Text)
Fatty Acids Profiling of Pigeon Squabs (Columba Livia Domestica) Using Gas-liquid Chromatography (Other)
HTML Summary of #102 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Fatty Acids Profiling of Pigeon Squabs (Columba Livia Domestica) Using Gas-liquid Chromatography</epc:when>
The available data from previous studies regarding the individual fatty acids profile of pigeon meat is limited. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to estimate the concentrations of different types of fatty acids in pigeon squabs meat. Seventy-five squabs samples were collected from butcher shops at Cairo and Giza governorates after that, the contained fat was extracted and subjected to fatty acid analysis using the gas-liquid chromatography technique. Results revealed that oleic acid had the highest percentage (36.61%) followed by linoleic acid (17.79%), palmitoleic fatty acid (8.95%), and finally, linolenic fatty acid (4.46%). On the other hand, low saturated fatty acids of pigeon meat were detected as palmitic and stearic fatty acids with percentages of 17.37% and 10.58%, respectively. Moreover, a lowered trace of trans fatty acids was detected (0.12%). Results indicated that pigeon meat could be considered as one of the beneficial meat sources due to its high content of both monosaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as low saturated fatty acids content.
Fatty Acids Profiling of Pigeon Squabs (Columba Livia Domestica) Using Gas-liquid Chromatography
Poultry and Wild Bird Interactions: An Assessment of Risk Factors in Kogi State, Nigeria (Text)
Poultry and Wild Bird Interactions: An Assessment of Risk Factors in Kogi State, Nigeria (Other)
HTML Summary of #110 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Poultry and Wild Bird Interactions: An Assessment of Risk Factors in Kogi State, Nigeria</epc:when>
Wild birds are involved in the spread of avian pathogens such as avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses over long distances. This study aimed to identify conditions that can promote poultry-wild bird interactions and consequently enhance risk of introduction, spread, and maintenance of avian pathogens within poultry population in Kogi State, Nigeria. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to poultry farmers and poultry sellers in farms, live bird markets (LBMs), and households and cross checked by observers using a checklist. Of the 108 respondents, 86.4% affirmed that wild birds scavenge for food on their farms, households, and LBMs, 73.1% kept poultry on free range and 67.9% indicated the presence of trees, where wild birds settle, on their farms, households, or LBMs. However, 53.3% were near major rivers/wetlands while 9.3% had fish ponds near their farms or households. Nonetheless, 94.7% of respondents dispose dead poultry and litter in refuse dumps and 77.2% of the respondents had farms along transit routes. Spearman’s rho showed strong positive correlations between poultry and wild bird interaction with high rates of scavenging by wild birds on farms and around households, presence of major rivers, free-range poultry and transit routes for live bird trade, spillage of poultry feed and presence of tress for roosting of wild birds on the farms. The frequencies of risk factors for poultry and wild bird interactions were high in Olamaboro, Ajaokuta, Dekina, Ofu, Ankpa, Lokoja, Okene, and Ogori-Mangogo local government areas of the State. There is a need to train poultry farmers and sellers of Kogi State on biosecurity practices to reduce the level of poultry and wild bird interactions to prevent the risk of the introduction and spread of avian pathogens by wild birds.
Poultry and Wild Bird Interactions: An Assessment of Risk Factors in Kogi State, Nigeria
Pharmacokinetics of the Slow-release Drug in the Form of Moxidectin-based Solution for Dogs and Cats (Text)
Pharmacokinetics of the Slow-release Drug in the Form of Moxidectin-based Solution for Dogs and Cats (Other)
HTML Summary of #373 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Pharmacokinetics of the Slow-release Drug in the Form of Moxidectin-based Solution for Dogs and Cats</epc:when>
The pharmacokinetic characteristics of the moxidectin-based drugs have been studied in the blood serum of animals after a single oral administration of the drug at the therapeutic dose in form of syrup. The drug is intended to control parasitic diseases of cats and dogs. The present studies on cats and dogs (drug administration and blood sampling) were conducted in the experimental farm of Kurilovo, Russia, for three months. The study involved six dogs and six cats, half breed, aged one to four years. The samples included six dogs (four male and two female) and six cats (three male and three female), and groups were formed according to the principle of analog groups. The drug, moxidectin, was orally administered once at the dose of 1.5 mg per one kg of animal’s weight. The active substance of the drug was identified in the blood serum of animals by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The result of the current study showed that based on the pharmacokinetics of moxidectin, the concentration of the active substance in the blood serum after three hours reached 134.80-498.09 ng/ml in cats and 479.07-1459.40 ng/ml in dogs. The obtained results indicated that a single administration of the drug at the recommended therapeutic dose could ensure the maintenance of therapeutic concentrations of moxidectin in the blood, and accordingly, the protection of animals from parasites for up to 90 days.
Pharmacokinetics of the Slow-release Drug in the Form of Moxidectin-based Solution for Dogs and Cats
(GTG)5-PCR Mediated Molecular Typing of Zoonotic Bacteria (Text)
(GTG)5-PCR Mediated Molecular Typing of Zoonotic Bacteria (Other)
HTML Summary of #380 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">(GTG)5-PCR Mediated Molecular Typing of Zoonotic Bacteria</epc:when>
The present review aimed to reveal the role of (GTG)5-PCR microbial typing in indicating the routes and source of infections, investigate the outbreaks and genotypes of clinical strains, as well as finding virulent strains and epidemiology of bacterial isolates. All available and published data in Google scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, and Science Direct during the past two decades that used the (GTG)5-PCR method for genotyping the bacterial isolates were included in the current study. The findings have indicated that (GTG)5-PCR can be recommended as a possible, cost-effective, fast, and easy tool for molecular typing of bacterial isolates.
(GTG)5-PCR Mediated Molecular Typing of Zoonotic Bacteria
Erythroplastids of Duck Blood Produced by Cytokinesis, Lysis, and Amitosis (Text)
Erythroplastids of Duck Blood Produced by Cytokinesis, Lysis, and Amitosis (Other)
HTML Summary of #151 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Erythroplastids of Duck Blood Produced by Cytokinesis, Lysis, and Amitosis</epc:when>
The aim is to describe anuclear erythrocytes (erythroplastids), pyrenocytes (small nucleated daughter erythrocytes), and amitosis (division without chromosomes or a spindle apparatus) of the commercial duck. Wright-Giemsa-stained blood samples came from ducks between 2 and 22 weeks of age. The erythroplastids and pyrenocytes were produced by fully hemoglobinized (normochromic) erythrocytes, and their earlier developmental stages (polychromatic erythrocytes). The cytokinesis results indicated a process beginning with constriction of the cell membrane, and continuing with constriction of the nucleus; followed by its polar displacement and expulsion. Instances of intermediate stages in which both the erythroplastid and the pyrenocyte remained attached by a thin cytoplasmic isthmus were also found. Erythroplastids may be produced by a second mechanism where the RBC nucleus lyses rather than being expelled. Furthermore, there were examples of erythroplastids produced during amitosis, occurring in mature erythrocytes, and at earlier (polychromatic) stages. The causes of erythroplastid formation and amitosis remain obscure, and it is possible that they result from distinct stimuli. As Goncalves et al. (2020) reported, recently erythroplastids were used to measure the effects of air pollution in passerine birds. However, as is the case for other atypical erythrocytes they could be the consequence of toxins, DNA damage, vitamin deficiencies, or immune dysfunction. Erythroplastids and amitotic cells were present along with evidence of fungal infection in some ducks and in others deliberately exposed to aflatoxin B1 supporting a case for toxicity. Accordingly, these atypical cells may serve as sensitive cytological indicators and bio-markers useful in the study of diseases or toxin exposure.
Erythroplastids of Duck Blood Produced by Cytokinesis, Lysis, and Amitosis
Analysis of Notifications of Rapid Alert System concerning Parasites in Fishery Products (Text)
Analysis of Notifications of Rapid Alert System concerning Parasites in Fishery Products (Other)
HTML Summary of #397 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Analysis of Notifications of Rapid Alert System concerning Parasites in Fishery Products</epc:when>
Fish and fishery products are one of Morocco’s most important export products. Fish parasitism is a natural worldwide phenomenon. Fish parasites have a very wide distribution and are found in both the northern and the southern hemispheres of the globe. The present study aimed to assess parasitic infestation in fishery products by analyzing notifications available in the European rapid alert system for food and feed. The analysis involved 663 notifications registered from 2001 to 2019 on the grounds of parasitic infestation. For Morocco, 651 notifications concerning the different exported food products were analyzed. Among the 663 notifications for the presence of parasites, 161 (24.3%) were border rejections. A total number of 20 countries have been detected with the presence of parasites in their exported fish and fish products. The main fish species concerned with this hazard were Hake (26%), Silver Scabbardfish (10.5%), and Angler (9.3%). In Morocco, among the 651 notifications, 373 concerned with seafood (57.2%). The number of border rejections of fishery products was 220 that is 33.8% of overall notifications. Fish and fish products category are the most concerned with 170 rejections (26.1%), with 64 notifications due to the presence of parasites (37.6%). The Silver Scabbardfish was the species most affected by parasite infestations (23.5%), followed by European Anchovy (12.5%) and Swordfish (10.9%). In conclusion, the nematode Anisakis is the most common parasite in fish infestation while the plerocercoïd larvae of the Cestoda Gymnorhynchus gigas seems to have a predilection to infest the Atlantic Pomfret (Brama brama).
Analysis of Notifications of Rapid Alert System concerning Parasites in Fishery Products
Biochemical Properties and Cell Culture Affinity of Fowl Adenovirus Serotype-4 Strains Isolated from the Oviducts of Layer Hens in East Japan (Text)
Biochemical Properties and Cell Culture Affinity of Fowl Adenovirus Serotype-4 Strains Isolated from the Oviducts of Layer Hens in East Japan (Other)
HTML Summary of #157 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Biochemical Properties and Cell Culture Affinity of Fowl Adenovirus Serotype-4 Strains Isolated from the Oviducts of Layer Hens in East Japan</epc:when>
In the present study, the biochemical properties of two fowl adenovirus serotype-4 (FAdV4) sample strains were determined. These were previously isolated from the oviducts of laying chickens from two layer operations in East Japan, namely M and Y farms. Tests for stability and sensitivity, hemagglutinating (HA) activity, and growth in two different cell lines were performed. The results showed that the M farm strain, (Japan/Ibaraki/M-HB2/2016) was sensitive to 100% ethanol, 52°C and higher temperature, and formaldehyde. The Y farm strain (Japan/Ibaraki/Y-H6/2016) was sensitive to 70% ethanol, 100% ethanol, 52°C and higher temperature, and formaldehyde. Both strains were stable against ether and chloroform, and lacked HA activity. To the best of the author’s knowledge, these FAdV4 strains were the first to be detected and isolated from laying chicken’s oviduct. Their biochemical characteristics; specifically, sensitivy to heat and formaldehyde, can be included in farm cleanup and disinfection protocol. This could help in reducing environmental contamination. The strains propagated well in chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) as indicated by cytopathic effect (CPE) observation with positive AAV-PCR and FAdV4-PCR results. The strains failed to propagate in MDCC-MSB1 cells as indicated by the negative results in both CPE and PCR. It appears that MDCC-MSB1 cells are not suitable for FAdV4 cultivation. However, only non-pathogenic FAdV4 strains were used in this work. It was not confirmed if pathogenic strains have the same behavior, perhaps, further trials are advisable. Future studies may benefit from the reduction of use of primary cells from live animals. This information contributes to the current understanding of FAdV4 characteristics.
Biochemical Properties and Cell Culture Affinity of Fowl Adenovirus Serotype-4 Strains Isolated from the Oviducts of Layer Hens in East Japan
Assessing the Chronic Poisoning of White Mice Affected by Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG (Text)
Assessing the Chronic Poisoning of White Mice Affected by Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG (Other)
HTML Summary of #405 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Assessing the Chronic Poisoning of White Mice Affected by Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG</epc:when>
Neonicotinoids are a relatively small group of organic compounds that are widely used in crop production as insecticides. They are highly toxic to insects, and much less toxic to mammals, including humans. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic toxicity of insecticides from the group of neonicotinoids Mospilan RP (active substance acetamiprid) and Actara 25 WG (active substance thiamethoxam) on white mice. The chronic toxicity was induced by daily internal introduction of Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG to mice for 30 days at the doses of 1/10 of Median Lethal Dose reported as 65 and 363 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. The affected mice showed thrombocytosis, neutrophilic leukocytosis, and lymphocytopenia. Blood plasma hyperproteinemia in mice treated with Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG was characterized by an increase in globulins content by almost 30.0% in both groups. In Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG treated groups, there was a reduction in urea content by 43.6% and 31.5%, respectively, an increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity by 80% and 60.0%, and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase by 80% and almost 400%, respectively. Compared to the control group, the activity of alanine aminotransferase increased to 23.0% only in mice that were given Mospilan RP but not in mice that were given Actara 25 WG.
Assessing the Chronic Poisoning of White Mice Affected by Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG
The Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Body Weight, Body Dimension, and Carcass Traits in Four Egyptian Chickens Strains (Text)
The Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Body Weight, Body Dimension, and Carcass Traits in Four Egyptian Chickens Strains (Other)
HTML Summary of #166 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Body Weight, Body Dimension, and Carcass Traits in Four Egyptian Chickens Strains</epc:when>
Body weight and carcass traits are important traits in the poultry industry. Breeding programs are powerful strategies to improve these economic traits. The challenge, however, is to choose an appropriate strategy to increase production. The estimation of genetic parameters in target strains could provide valuable information to determine the potent breeding strategy. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to assess the heritability and the genetic correlations of the Body Weight (BW), Body Dimensions (BD), and Carcass Traits (CT) in four Egyptian strains (Matrouh, Mandarah, Inshas, and Silver Montazah) of dual-purpose chickens. The BW was measured at hatching (BW0), 8 weeks (BW8), and 16 weeks (BW16) of age, and weight gain was calculated from 8 to 16 weeks of age. The BD traits included shank length (SL), keel length (KL), and Body Circumference (BC). Carcass, liver, gizzard, heart, head, and leg percentages were also determined. Data were collected on 2800 dual-purpose chickens with pedigree information. A Multitrait animal model with a restricted maximum likelihood procedure was applied to estimate heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations for BW, BD, and CT using Wombat software. Heritability estimates for BW traits were between 0.24 and 0.41 for BW0 and BW8, respectively. Heritability estimates of SL, KL, and BC were 0.49, 0.41, and 0.52, respectively. The heritability estimates for CT were low to moderate, ranging from 0.15 to 0.37 for head and gizzard percentage, respectively. The least-square means for BW, BD, and CT varied significantly between strains. The genetic correlation estimates among BW and BD traits indicated a close genetic relationship between these traits. Positive genetic correlations were found between BW and BD with CT (from 0.12 to 0.78). Based on the present results, there were strong positive genetic correlations between all traits, including BW and BD as the most important ones. Therefore, the selection for these traits would improve the carcass traits in the four strains of chickens. Hence, the inclusion of BW and BD as selection criteria in breeding programs would potently affect the improvement in carcass performance, which might positively increase the production profit of such strains.
The Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Body Weight, Body Dimension, and Carcass Traits in Four Egyptian Chickens Strains
Effect of In-ovo Injection of Herbal Extracts on Post-hatch Performance, Immunological, and Physiological Responses of Broiler Chickens (Text)
Effect of In-ovo Injection of Herbal Extracts on Post-hatch Performance, Immunological, and Physiological Responses of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #177 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of In-ovo Injection of Herbal Extracts on Post-hatch Performance, Immunological, and Physiological Responses of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
In-ovo injection with exogenous materials, such as natural antioxidants, throughout incubation could be a technique to boost hatchlings’ performance. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of in-ovo injection of cinnamon, thyme, and clove extracts on the subsequent growth performances, immunity, and physiological responses of newly-hatched chickens. A total of 450 fertile eggs used in the current experiment were obtained from avian broiler breeder flocks of 28 weeks of age. The eggs were randomly distributed into five treatment groups which included three replicates for each one (30 eggs each group) in a completely randomized design at day 10 of embryogenesis. Treatment groups included a control group (P1: without any injection), the group received an injection of 0.5 ml deionized water (P2: sham group), and the groups injected with 0.1 ml cinnamon, thyme, and clove extracts (P3, P4, P5, respectively). The hatchlings from each treatment were randomly assigned to five replicates of 10 chickens, and reared until 35 days of age. The results showed no significant differences among groups in terms of feed consumption, serum albumin, and immunoglobulin’s A (IgA). Nevertheless, using extracts resulted in a significant increase in body weight and weight gain, and improved feed conversion ratio and immunoglobulin’s G and M (IgG and IgM), compared to the control and sham groups at 35 days of age. The injected extracts had significantly positive effects on serum lipids profile, liver functions (AST, ALT, and ALP) values, and antioxidant activity, compared to the control groups. Furthermore, serum concentrations of triiodothyronine and thyroxine were significantly higher in the group injected clove-extracted than in other experimental groups. According to the results, it can be concluded that in-ovo injection of herbal extracts, especially clove extract on day 10 of incubation has a positive effect on the broiler chickens’ weight at hatch and post-hatch performance as well as physiological, immunological, and anti-oxidative status of hatched chickens.
Effect of In-ovo Injection of Herbal Extracts on Post-hatch Performance, Immunological, and Physiological Responses of Broiler Chickens
The Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Whole Yeast, Extract, and Cell Wall on Production Performance and Some Immunological Parameters of Broiler Chickens (Text)
The Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Whole Yeast, Extract, and Cell Wall on Production Performance and Some Immunological Parameters of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #420 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Whole Yeast, Extract, and Cell Wall on Production Performance and Some Immunological Parameters of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
A total number of 192 male one-day-old broilers chickens were randomly divided into four treatment groups of 48 chickens. Chickens of group one fed a plain diet without any supplement (control), while the diets ib groups two, three, and four were supplemented with Whole Yeast (WY, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 0.1%), Yeast Cell Wall (YCW, 0.3 %), and Yeast Extract (YE, 0.07 %), respectively. At the end of the experimental period (35 days), the bodyweight of chickens and the feed intake of each cage were measured, and then the feed conversation ratio was calculated. Blood samples were also collected to measure the serum components and relative spleen, bursa of Fabricius, and thymus gland. The results obtained indicated that all productive performance parameters improved in response to the feeding supplementation. Blood parameters indicated that the treated groups had a significantly higher level of serum total protein and albumin as well as significantly lower serum total lipids and cholesterol. The enzyme activities of ALT, AST, and ALP were significantly reduced by WY, YCW, and YE supplementation. The relative organ weights of the spleen, bursa of Fabricius, and thymus increased significantly in broilers fed with WY, YCW, and YE, and the highest values were observed in the chickens fed with WY. It can be demonstrated that the supplementation of WY or its derivatives in the diet of broiler chickens improves the production performance as well as the physiological and immunological parameters, and consequently produce a healthier chicken.
The Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Whole Yeast, Extract, and Cell Wall on Production Performance and Some Immunological Parameters of Broiler Chickens
Effect of Lysolecithin Supplementation to Low-energy Broiler Diets on Performance and Subsequent Cost-benefit Analysis (Text)
Effect of Lysolecithin Supplementation to Low-energy Broiler Diets on Performance and Subsequent Cost-benefit Analysis (Other)
HTML Summary of #199 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Lysolecithin Supplementation to Low-energy Broiler Diets on Performance and Subsequent Cost-benefit Analysis</epc:when>
The use of lysolecithin as an emulsifier in the diet of chickens could improve the growth performance. Its commercial application in broiler diets containing medium to high levels of added oil is increasingly adopted. However, few studies have assessed the impact of lysolecithin supplementation in diets formulated with no added oil. Therefore, this study aimed to compare two feeding diets based on commercial low-energy diets with no added oil, with or without a nutrient absorption enhancer based on lysolecithin (LEX). The performance was recorded on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. The net benefit per chicken of LEX supplementation was determined across a range of cost and performance scenarios. At slaughter, average body weight and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved in LEX-treated chickens, compared to non-treated chickens. The net benefit per chicken of LEX supplementation was €0.023 under representative market conditions and remained profitable under all considered scenarios. In conclusion, the application of absorption enhancers based on lysolecithin could improve the performance and profitability of broiler production, even in low energy-dense diets formulated with no added oil.
Effect of Lysolecithin Supplementation to Low-energy Broiler Diets on Performance and Subsequent Cost-benefit Analysis
Toxicological Effects of Diclofenac Sodium in Duodenum Tissue and Intestinal Microorganisms of Chickens (Text)
Toxicological Effects of Diclofenac Sodium in Duodenum Tissue and Intestinal Microorganisms of Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #239 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Toxicological Effects of Diclofenac Sodium in Duodenum Tissue and Intestinal Microorganisms of Chickens</epc:when>
iclofenac sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. After accidental exposure via food-chain of vultures feeding on livestock carcasses containing Diclofenac sodium residues leading to massive mortalities in vultures, its toxicity to avian has received widespread attention. In the present study, toxicity models of Diclofenac sodium to 30 specific-pathogen-free chickens aged 30 days were established through oral doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg, and its toxicological effects in duodenum tissues and intestinal microorganism of the chickens were explored. The results showed that Diclofenac sodium increased the content of uric acid, but decreased the activity of Xanthine oxidase indicating that its toxicity was more due to the obstruction of the urate excretion. Urate deposited in duodenum tissues induced the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor, fas ligand, tumor necrosis factor-α, and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A, and caused severe edema, bleeding, villi shown broken and fallen off. In addition, after oral administration of Diclofenac sodium, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes significantly increased while the relative abundance of Lactobacillales decreased. Diclofenac sodium disturbed the steady state of the intestinal environment leading to the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria but reduced the abundance of beneficial bacteria. The current research gave the toxicity evidence of Diclofenac sodium in duodenal tissue and intestinal microorganism.
Toxicological Effects of Diclofenac Sodium in Duodenum Tissue and Intestinal Microorganisms of Chickens
Effect of Probiotics and Magnetic Technology in Drinking Water on Production Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens (Text)
Effect of Probiotics and Magnetic Technology in Drinking Water on Production Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens (Other)
HTML Summary of #250 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Probiotics and Magnetic Technology in Drinking Water on Production Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens</epc:when>
The ban of antibiotics encourages the use of probiotics as natural feed additives for poultry. However, the effect of probiotics highly depends on the quality of drinking water. The use of Magnetic Technology (MT) could improve water quality, and potentially enhances the efficacy of probiotics. In the present study, the effect of probiotics and MT in drinking water on the production performance and egg quality of laying hens were evaluated using the inclusion of either non-encapsulated probiotic (PRO) and encapsulated probiotic (EPRO) along with drinking water exposure to 2,700 gausses of the magnetic field. A total of 288 57-weeks-old ISA Brown laying hens were randomly divided into six treatment groups with four replicates of 12 laying hens in each. The treatments consisted of untreated drinking water (control) and drinking water treated with PRO, EPRO, MT, PRO + MT, and EPRO + MT. The results indicated a highly significant improvement in feed conversion ratio, income over feed cost, and egg weight, as well as a significant improvement in egg mass, when EPRO was combined with MT. However, there was no significant effect on the other variables of the production performance and egg quality. It was, therefore, concluded that the use of MT with EPRO improved the egg mass, feed conversion ratio, income over feed cost, and egg weight of the laying hens.
Effect of Probiotics and Magnetic Technology in Drinking Water on Production Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens
Genetic Evolution of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Isolated from Chicken Poultry Flocks in Egypt (Text)
Genetic Evolution of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Isolated from Chicken Poultry Flocks in Egypt (Other)
HTML Summary of #280 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Genetic Evolution of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Isolated from Chicken Poultry Flocks in Egypt</epc:when>
Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) is highly infectious and causes severe economic losses in the Egyptian poultry industry. In the present study, 40 samples of bursa Fabricius tissue were collected from various poultry flocks residing in six governorates during 2020 in Egypt (8 from El-Daqhlia, 10 from El-Sharquia, 10 from El-Qaliobiyea, 4 from EL-Behera, 6 from Alexandria, and 2 from El-Gharbia). Among these flocks, the chicken suffered from depression, dehydration, and ruffled feather with high mortality rates (20-50%) leading to the haemorrhagic and enlarged bursa of Fabricius. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed, targeting the hypervariable region of the VP2 gene of IBDV. The 30 samples were detected positive by RT-PCR (8 from El-Daqhlia, 7 from El-Sharquia, 6 from El-Qaliobiyea, 3 from EL-Behera, 5 from Alexandria, and 1 broiler chicken from El-Gharbia). A total of 10 strains were selected for genetic analysis, representing different governorates. All identified strains belonged to a very virulent IBDV with 95.7-96.7% nucleotide identity and 98.2-99.4% amino acid identity with very virulent IBDV strains from Europe and Asia. Phylogenetically, the Egyptian strain was divided into two subgroups. All strains identified in the present study belonged to the phylogenetic subgroup I with new eight nucleotide mutation mutations when compared with HK64 and other Egyptian strains. All sequenced viruses had G254S mutation. Moreover, Y220F mutation was detected in major hydrophilic region A, in two strains (EGY/SN5 and EGY/SN10), compared with HK64. These mutations may increase viral pathogenicity and antigenicity. The Egyptian strains in the study were distinct from the vaccinal strain. Furthermore, they may explain the recent IBDV outbreaks reported in vaccinated flocks. The current study highlighted the importance of continuous monitoring of mutations in IBDV, and the assessment of their effects on virus virulence and vaccine efficacy against newly evolved strains.
Genetic Evolution of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Isolated from Chicken Poultry Flocks in Egypt
An analysis of the factors influencing the attitude of social media users on online education and online purchasing in Namakkal district of Tamilnadu, India (Text)
An analysis of the factors influencing the attitude of social media users on online education and online purchasing in Namakkal district of Tamilnadu, India (Other)
HTML Summary of #1001 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">An analysis of the factors influencing the attitude of social media users on online education and online purchasing in Namakkal district of Tamilnadu, India</epc:when>
Social media is the new upcoming area in marketing and education that has blogs, micro blogs, pages, groups etc. Social Media is a just like any other form of media is a tool used for communication but at the larger scale for social interaction using highly accessible and scalable communication techniques. The main objective of this study was to identify the factors influencing attitude of social media users. The study was conducted in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu. Data were collected using questionnaire to find out the factors affecting the attitude of the social media users. All the responders were social media users as they have the knowledge of the research issues and are able to provide informed responses. It was found that there is positive attitude towards online education and online marketing due to social media. Majority of the respondents (91.70 %) feels social media helps in educational development, similarly (73.30 %) prefer shopping in social media sites. Most of them (70.00 %) prefer to see/click on authorized dealers online advertisements in social media. Hence the necessary information to be disseminated could be given in personalized way which plays an important role in forming a positive attitude of the users towards the advertisement.
An analysis of the factors influencing the attitude of social media users on online education and online purchasing in Namakkal district of Tamilnadu, India
Improved Quality of Quail’s Egg after the Induction of Hepatitis B Vaccine and Curcumin (Text)
Improved Quality of Quail’s Egg after the Induction of Hepatitis B Vaccine and Curcumin (Other)
HTML Summary of #315 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Improved Quality of Quail’s Egg after the Induction of Hepatitis B Vaccine and Curcumin</epc:when>
The present study aimed to observe the quality of quails’ eggs after being vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and given supplements of curcumin and turmeric powder. A total of 36 female quails at the age of 10 days were divided into four groups, including the control (P0), vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine (P1), vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and given 12 mg/quail/day of supplement curcumin (P2), and vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and given 108 mg/quail/day of supplement turmeric powder (P3). Vaccination was given twice, at the age of 32 and 60 days. The curcumin and turmeric powder were given every day until the age of three months. The results showed significantly different outcomes on glutamic pyruvate transaminase serum, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase serum, egg production (percentage of carbohydrates, protein, fat, cholesterol), and the physical quality of eggs, but it was not significantly different towards the liver weight. It can be concluded that quails vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and treated with supplements of curcumin and turmeric powder could improve liver function and increase egg production with better chemical and physical qualities.
Improved Quality of Quail’s Egg after the Induction of Hepatitis B Vaccine and Curcumin
Role of Elastin Expression in Thickening the Postpartum Vaginal Wall in Virgin and Postpartum Rat Models (Text)
Role of Elastin Expression in Thickening the Postpartum Vaginal Wall in Virgin and Postpartum Rat Models (Other)
HTML Summary of #520 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Role of Elastin Expression in Thickening the Postpartum Vaginal Wall in Virgin and Postpartum Rat Models</epc:when>
Childbirth induces a number of alterations, including ligament weakening and increased vaginal distensibility. The occurrence of vaginal laxity or distensibility is associated with the vaginal wall and introitus overstretching during vaginal parturition while the pathophysiology is due to increased levator dimension and trauma to the levator ani muscle through avulsion (macrotrauma) or overdistension (microtrauma). Elastin is an extracellular matrix protein that confers elastic properties to organs and tissues, particularly those requiring elasticity. Elastin plays a vital role in the functioning of numerous tissues, such as the lungs, blood vessels, heart valves, ligaments, tendons, and skin. It is also a component of the vaginal mucosa. The aim of the present was to evaluate the role of elastin in the thickening of the postpartum vaginal wall composed of epithelial mucosa, and to understand the mechanism underlying vaginal laxity or distensibility within parous and nulliparous animal models. A total of 32 female white rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used in the present study. They were divided into two groups, each group consisting of 16 rats. The control group (C0) consisted of virgin nulliparous rats, which were sacrificed on the second day after vaginal parturition. Pregnant rats (group C1) were sacrificed on the second day after vaginal parturition. The median elastin expression in group C1 was higher (3 ± 0.56) than group C0 (2.85 ± 0.75). The mean thickness of the vaginal mucosal epithelium in group C0 (56,8 931µm) was greater than group C1 (44,98 349µm). The comparison of vaginal mucosal epithelium thickness between the two groups indicated a significant difference between groups C0 and C1. Elastin levels were significantly correlated with epithelial thickness. The expression of elastin significantly affects the vaginal wall thickness, which further affects vaginal laxity or vaginal distensibility.
Role of Elastin Expression in Thickening the Postpartum Vaginal Wall in Virgin and Postpartum Rat Models
Reviewing Effective Factors of Alimentary Deficiency in Animals Reproductive Functions (Text)
Reviewing Effective Factors of Alimentary Deficiency in Animals Reproductive Functions (Other)
HTML Summary of #523 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Reviewing Effective Factors of Alimentary Deficiency in Animals Reproductive Functions</epc:when>
Animal reproduction is one of the main factors limiting the efficiency of livestock production. Its optimal level is possibly achieved when certain conditions are created for animals. As reproduction is a complex reflex process depending on neuroendocrine regulatory mechanisms, the character and strength of stimuli, which, in turn, is due to a number of factors. Under normal conditions, the body of animals is affected by many different factors, which are appropriately transformed and specified by positive or negative reactions. Inhibitory factors include air pool, saturated with harmful substances and gases, ionizing radiation, poor water quality along with altered redox properties, hypokinesia combined with poor unbalanced feeding, systematic chronic stress, presence of toxic substances in feed, and the deficiency of vitamins and other bioantioxidants in feed or their excessive spending. Of the wide range of genetic and paratypic factors of negative impacts on reproductive capacity, the most common one is alimentary, which causes impaired reproductive function due to deficiencies in the rules, regulations, and feeding regime of animals. In particular, the alimentary can be associated with both general malnutrition (starvation) and overfeeding (obesity). However, the alimentary form of infertility mostly occurs due to low-quality diets when the diet lacks vital components (mainly vitamins, macro-, and micronutrients) or the quantitative ratios of the ingredients are violated. This is possible even if the total nutritional value of the diet meets the established requirements for the physiological needs of the body. Vitamins, micro-, and macronutrients are ecologically deficient factors of disturbance of animal reproductive function, the influence of which is observed on all processes of reproduction, from fertilization to the postpartum period and the preservation of young animals. The pathogenesis of their insufficiency is associated with the violation of steroido-, gameto-, and embryogenesis and the emergence of ante-, intra-, neo- and postnatal pathologies, respectively. Therefore, treatments and prevention measures should be aimed at providing animals with biologically complete balanced feeding and replenishment of the body with vitamins and minerals. However, all these issues remain incompletely studied and need further research.
Reviewing Effective Factors of Alimentary Deficiency in Animals Reproductive Functions
Effect of Lysine Supplementation in Commercial Feed on Energy Retention and Feed Conversion Ratio of Carp (Osphronemus gouramy) (Text)
Effect of Lysine Supplementation in Commercial Feed on Energy Retention and Feed Conversion Ratio of Carp (Osphronemus gouramy) (Other)
HTML Summary of #534 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Lysine Supplementation in Commercial Feed on Energy Retention and Feed Conversion Ratio of Carp (Osphronemus gouramy)</epc:when>
The long period of raising carp (Osphronemus gouramy) causes the need for excessive feed. One way that can accelerate the growth of this fish in order to shorten the maintenance period is by the addition of essential amino acids, such as lysine. However, this certainly gives its own influence on energy retention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the influences of addition of lysine in feed on energy retention and feed conversion ratio of carp. The research method used an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments and four replications. The treatments used were the addition of Lysine 0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% to the feed. The present experiment was conducted for a year. The results showed that the addition of lysine as much as 2% in commercial feed can increase the energy retention of carp (Osphronemus gouramy). Moreover, the addition of lysine by giving up to 2.5% cannot reduce the feed conversion ratio in carp (Osphronemus gourami) rearing. It can be concluded that the use of lysine has different effects related to the increase in retention and decrease conversion ratio in carp.
Effect of Lysine Supplementation in Commercial Feed on Energy Retention and Feed Conversion Ratio of Carp (Osphronemus gouramy)
Artistic forms and ethnic identity in Nigerian painting (Text)
Artistic forms and ethnic identity in Nigerian painting (Other)
HTML Summary of #1029 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Artistic forms and ethnic identity in Nigerian painting</epc:when>
This paper discusses the artistic forms and ethnic identity of paintings in Nigerian art schools. Artists in Nigeria used diverse forms to represents images that are peculiar to their ethnic groups to achieve a distinctive identity. Data for the study were obtained from paintings of different ethnic groups found in the various regions of the Art schools in Nigeria. The art schools have been the centre for manifestation of indigenous forms in Nigeria. The Schools has been noted with individualism in form depiction that is characterized by elongation of forms, abstraction, semi-realistic with northern architecture. In the South and Eastern part of the country their paintings depict day to day activities using naturalism and symbolic representation of forms. Each region uses indigenous forms to portray ethnic identity and this invariably produced arts and artists that are regional in their practice. The paper concludes that art schools have been the centre for manifestation of indigenous forms and artistic identity among Nigerian Painters.
Artistic forms and ethnic identity in Nigerian painting
Enhancing elderly health and wellbeing through the true revival of sun and wind architecture (Text)
Enhancing elderly health and wellbeing through the true revival of sun and wind architecture (Other)
HTML Summary of #1030 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Enhancing elderly health and wellbeing through the true revival of sun and wind architecture</epc:when>
With the indication of the rapidly aging population, it is imperative that we start planning now for how we will house and care for the senior population in the future. Retirement living providers continue to expand wellness, dining, and recreation options in response to demands for more choices and a healthier lifestyle. Options that emerged at the beginning of the century continue to develop, to provide a healthier place for the elderly. Traditional life-care models of retirement living are being challenged by more flexible entry criteria, and transition to such a community is being handled in new and novel ways. The purpose of this paper is to show that creating a senior-living facility that is integrated sustainably with their natural environments is important because it has a significant impact on improving seniors’ mental health and preventing their dehumanization within institutions. With the shift in the design of senior living facilities in recent years, this paper shows how effective design can bring in positive results in geriatric mental and physical well-being and prevents the dehumanizing feeling that institutional settings often impose. New models of elderly care significantly affect healthcare outcomes, especially through designs highly integrated with nature, sun, and wind. This article will focus on how to improve the connection of indoor spaces with surrounding environment, how to consider the available natural resources in design of senior-living residence while preventing the dehumanization of patients, retaining a fulfilling community for elderly care, and ensuring sustainability.
Enhancing elderly health and wellbeing through the true revival of sun and wind architecture
Assessment of expanded Styrofoam and polyurethane as a sustainable building materials; Mubi general hospital Adamawa state, Nigeria (Text)
Assessment of expanded Styrofoam and polyurethane as a sustainable building materials; Mubi general hospital Adamawa state, Nigeria (Other)
HTML Summary of #1031 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Assessment of expanded Styrofoam and polyurethane as a sustainable building materials; Mubi general hospital Adamawa state, Nigeria</epc:when>
This study assesses the perception of stakeholders on the use of expanded Styrofoam (EPS) for building construction in Nigerian construction industry. It identified both organizations and individuals with great enthusiasm in the production and use of EPS for building construction but this has not been rewarded with an enabling environment. This inevitably results in the slow pace of adoption of EPS in the building construction industry. Other factors are low knowledge base of the public about the workings (source, production, installation, and variant uses) of EPS is a critical impeding factor in the adoption pace. The used of structures questionnaires was used to collect data from randomly selected respondents. The data analyzed from this study indicates that all benefits expected from the use of an EPS constructed building were mostly derived most especially its sustainable attributes.
Assessment of expanded Styrofoam and polyurethane as a sustainable building materials; Mubi general hospital Adamawa state, Nigeria
FORAGE PARTICLE SIZE: IT'S IMPLICATIONS ON BEHAVIOR PERFORMANCE, HEALTH AND WELFARE OF DAIRY COWS (Text)
FORAGE PARTICLE SIZE: IT'S IMPLICATIONS ON BEHAVIOR PERFORMANCE, HEALTH AND WELFARE OF DAIRY COWS (Other)
HTML Summary of #25 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">FORAGE PARTICLE SIZE: IT'S IMPLICATIONS ON BEHAVIOR PERFORMANCE, HEALTH AND WELFARE OF DAIRY COWS</epc:when>
Forage particle size has long been recognized as the key intricate factor determining ration contents of physically effective neutral detergent fibre, which in recent years has become the most important consideration in advanced dairy feed formulation for the rumen health, milk yield and welfare of the dairy cows. Fine chopping reduces particle size, resulting in reduced forage dry matter intake, lower retention period of digesta, decreased digestibility of fiber, inconsistent quality of ruminal mat, decreased milk yield, depression of milk fat, and health issues secondary to sub-acute ruminal acidosis. Similarly, excessive coarse forage particles may be lead to reduced total nutrient intake, poor digestibility of organic matter, reduced milk yield and quality, and compromised overall performance. The rumen is a constant fermentation vessel, containing vast amounts of hydrogen ions that can only be stabilized by a proper salivary buffer balance obtained through intake of sufficient effective neutral detergent fibre and its optimal duration. The overall impacts of particle size, however, depend on forage type, forage to concentrate ratio and, fermentability characteristics of the organic matter in the formulated ration. In general, 8-19 mm particle size irrespective of forage type measured on Penn State Particle Separator may be considered optimum for practical dairy feed formulation. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
FORAGE PARTICLE SIZE: IT'S IMPLICATIONS ON BEHAVIOR PERFORMANCE, HEALTH AND WELFARE OF DAIRY COWS
HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE ATRIAL MYOCARDIUM AND SCALLOP MUSCLES OF ANGLO-NUBIAN GOAT (Capra aegagrus hircus) (Text)
HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE ATRIAL MYOCARDIUM AND SCALLOP MUSCLES OF ANGLO-NUBIAN GOAT (Capra aegagrus hircus) (Other)
HTML Summary of #24 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE ATRIAL MYOCARDIUM AND SCALLOP MUSCLES OF ANGLO-NUBIAN GOAT (Capra aegagrus hircus)</epc:when>
This study presents results about features of the structure of the atrial myocardium and scallop muscles of the Anglo-Nubian goat (Capra aegagrus hircus), and their morphometric parameters have been determined. Sixteen corpses of Anglo-Nubian goats at the age of twelve months were studied in the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. The study was carried out by making histological preparations. The atrial myocardium of Anglo-Nubian goats consists of working cardiomyocytes, tightly adjacent to each other, between which capillary blood vessels and single adipocytes are revealed. It has been determined that atrial cardiomyocytes in Anglo-Nubian goats are characterized by heterogeneity of their structure, and secretory granules and perinuclear clearances are found in cardiomyocytes less differentiated in terms of contractile activity. In the present study, the histological structure of the atrial scallop muscles of the Anglo-Nubian goat was identified. Also, the atrial myocardium's working cardiomyocytes' morphometric parameters and its scallop muscles had discovered. The thickness of the endocardium in these sections was measured by determining the diameters of its nuclei. The obtained data indicate that the histological structure of the atrial myocardium and its scallop muscles in Anglo-Nubian goats has possibly similar features in compared with small ruminants from commercial breeds (sheep and goat). These results expand the field of knowledge on pedigree anatomy and histology of the heart in farm animals, particularly in small ruminants. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE ATRIAL MYOCARDIUM AND SCALLOP MUSCLES OF ANGLO-NUBIAN GOAT (Capra aegagrus hircus)
EFFECT OF LIME (Citrus aurantifolia) JUICE AS SOURCE OF VITAMIN C ON PERFORMANCE AND SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS IN PELUNG CHICKENS (Gallus gallus domesticus) (Text)
EFFECT OF LIME (Citrus aurantifolia) JUICE AS SOURCE OF VITAMIN C ON PERFORMANCE AND SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS IN PELUNG CHICKENS (Gallus gallus domesticus) (Other)
HTML Summary of #22 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF LIME (Citrus aurantifolia) JUICE AS SOURCE OF VITAMIN C ON PERFORMANCE AND SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS IN PELUNG CHICKENS (Gallus gallus domesticus)</epc:when>
Pelung chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is a typical Indonesian local breed originating from West Java. Pelung chicken breeding, especially male bird, was initially used as a hobby livestock because they have tunable voice. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding lime (Citrus aurantifolia) juice as a source of vitamin C on blood parameter and performance of male pelung chickens. The experimental birds were 64 male pelung chicken aged 12 weeks, divided into 4 weight groups namely group 1: 740 - 910 g, group 2: 910 - 1,080 g, group 3: 1,080 - 1,250 g, and group 4: 1,250 - 1,420. The treatments applied were T0: formulated diet; FD, T1: FD+ lime juice 1, T2: FD + lime juice 2, and T3: FD + lime juice 3. The present experiment was assigned in body weight-based randomized block design. Measured parameters were heterophile, lymphocyte, heterophile-lymphocyte ratio (H/L), total plasma protein, the relative weight of lymphoid organs (spleen and bursa of fabricius) and performance (feed intake, daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio) of birds. The results showed that the feeding diet added with 1-3 lime juice significant on heterophile, H/L ratio, the relative weight of spleen, total plasma protein, daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio, but not significant on lymphocyte, the relative weight of bursa of fabricius and feed intake. Male pelung chicken fed diet added with 3 lime juice (T3) indicates better blood parameter stability (H/L ratio and lymphoid organs), total plasma protein and performance. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
EFFECT OF LIME (Citrus aurantifolia) JUICE AS SOURCE OF VITAMIN C ON PERFORMANCE AND SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS IN PELUNG CHICKENS (Gallus gallus domesticus)
THE EFFECTS OF PROCESSED RUBBER (Hevea brasiliensis) SEED MEAL ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RATION, FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY IN RABBITS (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (Text)
THE EFFECTS OF PROCESSED RUBBER (Hevea brasiliensis) SEED MEAL ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RATION, FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY IN RABBITS (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (Other)
HTML Summary of #26 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">THE EFFECTS OF PROCESSED RUBBER (Hevea brasiliensis) SEED MEAL ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RATION, FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY IN RABBITS (Oryctolagus cuniculus)</epc:when>
This study aimed at evaluating the influence of processed rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seed meal (RSM) on the chemical composition of feed, feed intake and nutrients digestibility in rabbits. For the purpose, 30 female (local breed) rabbits with an average weight of 2.7 ± 0.12 kg were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments (6 rabbits in 1 treatment). The feeding trial lasted for four weeks and the various rations were: negative control ration, not containing rubber seeds (R0-) and 4 different rations each containing 20 of the rubber seed meal (raw, toasted, soaked, and boiled respectively for R0+, R1, R2, and R3 rations). The rubber seed meal, faeces and feed sample were sun dried to constant weight, urine was also collected and a sample was used for chemical analysis. The results showed that the boiled seeds RSM exhibited the highest crude protein content (20.61 DM) and the low concentration of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) (21.83 mg/kg HCn; 30.53; 21.26 and 3.67 respectively for hydrogen cyanide (HCn), phenols, flavonoids and tannins) compared to seeds from other treatments. Animals receiving the ration with boiled rubber seed meal (BRSM) at 100°C for 45 minutes (R3) showed better feed intake and best rate of digestive utilization coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and crude fibres 32.24; 38.55; 61.03 and 80.58 respectively. The ration containing the boiled rubber seeds for 45 min resulted in better nutrient intake and the best digestive utilization coefficients in rabbits. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
THE EFFECTS OF PROCESSED RUBBER (Hevea brasiliensis) SEED MEAL ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RATION, FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY IN RABBITS (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BROILER LITTER KEPT AT DIFFERENT ALTITUDES (Text)
CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BROILER LITTER KEPT AT DIFFERENT ALTITUDES (Other)
HTML Summary of #23 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BROILER LITTER KEPT AT DIFFERENT ALTITUDES</epc:when>
The research objective was to assess the chemical and microbiological properties of broiler litter raised in broiler closed house at different altitudes. The design used was a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of T1 (broiler closed house at an altitude of <100 meters above sea level (masl), T2 (broiler closed house at an altitude of 100 - 300 masl) and T3 (broiler closed house at an altitude of 300 - 500 masl). The results showed that the difference in the altitude where broilers were raised had no significant effect on moisture, ash, extract ether (EE), crude fibre (CF), nitrogen free extract (NFE), total digestible nutrients (TDN), cuprum (Cu), lead (Pb), mercury (Ag), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Salmonella, E. coli, Clostridium sp., antibiotic contamination (below the threshold) and predominance of gram-positive bacteria. The results of water content 22.71-24.65, crude protein 13.13-13.47, Pb 35.15-47.80 ppm, Cu 102.46-136.96 ppm, LAB 3.48 - 7.00 x 106 cfu/g. In conclusion, the differences in the altitude did not affect the chemical and microbiological properties of broiler litter. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BROILER LITTER KEPT AT DIFFERENT ALTITUDES
Anticoagulant therapy in patients with atypical COVID-19 pneumonia (Text)
Anticoagulant therapy in patients with atypical COVID-19 pneumonia (Other)
JLSB 11(3) 30-35, 2021-Anticoagulant therapy in patients with atypical COVID-19 pneumonia.pdf
HTML Summary of #565 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Anticoagulant therapy in patients with atypical COVID-19 pneumonia</epc:when>
Aim. In a comparative aspect, this article aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of optimized intensive care protocols for severe and extremely severe COVID-19. Methods. During the study period, 4922 patients were treated in the intensive care units of the Republican Specialized Multidisciplinary Infectious Diseases Hospital (678 in the comparison group and 4244 in the main group). The developed protocol of anticoagulant therapy was applied to all patients in the main group. Results. There was an improvement in prothrombin time (PT) from 12.0±0.4 to 13.6±0.3 sec (P < 0.05) on day 3, from 14.7±0.4 to 16.2±0.3 sec (P < 0.05) on day 10, clotting time from 3.1±0.1 to 3.3±0.1 min (P < 0.05) and from 3.7±0.1 to 4.5±0.1 min, respectively, and fibrinogen from 4.6±0.2 to 4.2±0.1 g/l (P < 0.05) and from 4.0±0.1 to 3.4±0.1 g/l (P < 0.05), a decrease in the frequency of fatal thromboembolic complications from 25.1% to 16.6% (P < 0.001). Conclusion. The introduction of optimized tactics for anticoagulant therapy in patients with severe and extremely severe COVID-19 course made it possible to accelerate the dynamics of prothrombin time, fibrinogen, and blood clotting time (BCT), which ensured a decrease in the likelihood of developing fatal thromboembolic complications in the intensive care unit.
Anticoagulant therapy in patients with atypical COVID-19 pneumonia
Ethnomedicinal knowledge of plants used as mono, di and polyherbal formulation for the treatment of common ailments and COVID-19 in the villages of Hamedan, Iran (Text)
Ethnomedicinal knowledge of plants used as mono, di and polyherbal formulation for the treatment of common ailments and COVID-19 in the villages of Hamedan, Iran (Other)
JLSB 11(3) 36-52, 2021-polyherbal formulation for treatment of common ailments and COVID-19.pdf
HTML Summary of #566 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Ethnomedicinal knowledge of plants used as mono, di and polyherbal formulation for the treatment of common ailments and COVID-19 in the villages of Hamedan, Iran</epc:when>
Aim. This study aimed to document the native ethnomedicinal plants in mono, di and polyherbal combination used by people to cure various ailments, Qorveh-e Darjazin district of Hamedan province of Iran. Methods. Data were collected through both individual interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) using interviewing 87 people in 28 villages. Plants voucher samples were also collected and classified with their families, botanical terms, local names, usages and miscellaneous matters via international and standard questionnaires. A total of 45 plant species belonging to 26 families are reported to be used for the treatment of a wide range of complaints, such as respiratory diseases like coronavirus (COVID-19), cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, ulcers, anemia, catarrh, digestive and urinary systems disorders, irregular menstruation, skin disorders, bone and rheumatic disorders etc. by monoherbal (45), diherbal (70) and polyherbal (57) ethnomedicinal formulations. Data were compared with those formerly gathered. Results. The authors found evidence that di and polyherbal known as Ayurvedic medicine is a preferred folk medicinal system of this area to prevent unwanted suffering of intense and prevalent ailments especially for irregular menstruation, anemia, calming the nervous systems, diarrhea, gastric ulcers, blood purification, hypertension, bone and rheumatic disorders, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2 or COVID-19) with the mixed formulation for natural elements in a particular ratio. Conclusion. The study reveals the rich polyherbal knowledge of the people of 28 villages of Hamadan that possess in traditional medicine. Recommendation. Polyherbal formulation of plants used by people of this area can be considered as an applicable safe strategy in control measures against novel diseases like COVID-19 and achieve greater therapeutic efficacy.
Ethnomedicinal knowledge of plants used as mono, di and polyherbal formulation for the treatment of common ailments and COVID-19 in the villages of Hamedan, Iran
Effect of aerobic exercise on blood hemoglobin level and quality of life in postmenopausal anemic women: randomized controlled clinical trial (Text)
Effect of aerobic exercise on blood hemoglobin level and quality of life in postmenopausal anemic women: randomized controlled clinical trial (Other)
JLSB 11(3) 53-57, 2021-aerobic exercise on blood hemoglobin level and quality of life .pdf
HTML Summary of #567 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of aerobic exercise on blood hemoglobin level and quality of life in postmenopausal anemic women: randomized controlled clinical trial</epc:when>
Introduction. Postmenopausal elderly women have an increased risk for nutritional anemia. Exercise training has a positive effect on hemoglobin mass by increasing stimulation of erythropoiesis, which assists the blood to carry bigger amount of oxygen. Aim. This study has been conducted to investigate the effect of moderate intensity aerobic exercises on hematological value and quality of life in postmenopausal anemic women. Methods. Thirty anemic postmenopausal women were assigned randomly into two equal groups; A) performed moderate intensity aerobic exercise in the form of walking on treadmill for 30 minutes, 3 sessions per week and B) without aerobic exercise. Both groups received the same supplement including one capsule that contain Iron supplement (10 mg) and multi vitamins as well as essential trace elements, daily. The hematological values [hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood corpuscles (RBCs) count] and assessment of the quality of life [Six-Minute Walk Test (SMWT) and Flow State Scale (FSS)] at pre and post 3 months as well as 6 months of treatment were measured and evaluated. Results. There was statistically significant improvement (p<0.001) in the Hb and RBCs values and SMWT and FSS between before and after 3 as well as 6 months of treatment in both groups. Also, comparison between both groups at 3 and 6 months showed significant differences in favors of group A. Conclusion. Aerobic exercise can increase hematological values and has a positive improvement for the quality of life in anemic post-menopausal women.
Effect of aerobic exercise on blood hemoglobin level and quality of life in postmenopausal anemic women: randomized controlled clinical trial
Forgotten Personal Territories in the Traditional Iranian House: A Critical Reading (Text)
Forgotten Personal Territories in the Traditional Iranian House: A Critical Reading (Other)
HTML Summary of #972 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Forgotten Personal Territories in the Traditional Iranian House: A Critical Reading</epc:when>
This study aims to investigate the critical reading individual areas on traditional Iranian house. The method of this research is a deductive content analysis. This research has done in three steps; preparation, organization and final report or conclusion. First, in the preparation stage, the individual and family territory in Iranian culture is defined. In organization phase, by reviewing plans, maps and visual observations of Iranian houses, individual and family territories is classified. And in the last steps, a conclusion from the situation of privacy and individuality in Iranian house is explained. It seems that family privacy has been the main function of traditional Iranian houses. Despite the spaces which could be as a personal and individuality territories, they didn’t get this functions and individualism and individual values have been forgotten. Accordingly, individuality is not considered as a valuable being who needs his/her own territory, but his/her role is determined in relation to other people and values like veil, purity, cooperation and humility are given importance.
Forgotten Personal Territories in the Traditional Iranian House: A Critical Reading
Improvement in quality of life by surgical management of the ascending aortic aneurysm (Text)
Improvement in quality of life by surgical management of the ascending aortic aneurysm (Other)
JLSB 11(2) 20-26, 2021-surgical management of the ascending aortic aneurysm.pdf
HTML Summary of #563 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Improvement in quality of life by surgical management of the ascending aortic aneurysm</epc:when>
Aim. The article presents an analysis of the surgical treatment results in 98 patients with ascending aorta aneurysm (AAA), divided into two groups depending on the method of prosthetics. Methods. The main group included 71 patients who underwent surgery according to the modified Bentall-De Bono procedure and the comparison group consisted of 27 patients who underwent surgery according to the standard method. Results. Results of studies have shown that the proposed option for fixing the conduit made it possible to level the need for additional reinforcing sutures on the anastomosis line (from 48.1% with the classical Bentall-De Bono technique; P<0.001), while the quality of the tightness of the anastomosis zone provided a decrease in the risk of postoperative bleeding with 33.3% to 4.2% (P<0.001). In both groups, after surgery, there was an equal tendency to improve echocardiographic parameters. Conclusion. In general, a comparative analysis of immediate results showed a decrease in the overall incidence of postoperative complications when using the proposed variant of conduit fixation from 37.0% to 9.9% (P=0.002), which made it possible to reduce the overall mortality rate from 22.2% to 5.6% (P=0.016).
Improvement in quality of life by surgical management of the ascending aortic aneurysm
Forbidden assisted reproduction method and the Islamic perspective (Text)
Forbidden assisted reproduction method and the Islamic perspective (Other)
HTML Summary of #564 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Forbidden assisted reproduction method and the Islamic perspective</epc:when>
Introduction. Assisted reproductive methods are used widely around the world to cure various kinds of infertility. These technologies had not been applied in the Islamic world for decades due to Islamic teachings do not approve these methods. However, nowadays, studying for infertility cure in Islam is allowed and promoted. Against the individual's thoughts that Islam laws are restricted on assisted reproductive cure, Islam ethics are liberal. Due to Islamic laws, all assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are acceptable, under the following conditions; the sperm, ovum, and uterus come from a legally married couple during their marriage period. Aim. In this survey, a brief editorial on surrogacy from an Islamic perspective is scrutinized.
Forbidden assisted reproduction method and the Islamic perspective
Effects of Red and Blue Light during the Incubation of Turkey Eggs on Hatchability Performance and Expression Pattern of Some Myogenic Regulatory Genes (Text)
Effects of Red and Blue Light during the Incubation of Turkey Eggs on Hatchability Performance and Expression Pattern of Some Myogenic Regulatory Genes (Other)
HTML Summary of #82 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Red and Blue Light during the Incubation of Turkey Eggs on Hatchability Performance and Expression Pattern of Some Myogenic Regulatory Genes</epc:when>
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different light colors on hatching potential traits, including egg weight loss, scientific and commercial hatchability, mortality percentages, hatching wight as well as mRNA expression levels of some muscle growth marker genes (Myogenin, MyoD1, and FGF2) of pectoralis muscle in hatched and non-hatched non pipped Black Bronze turkey chicks. A total of 1500 hatching Black Bronze turkey eggs were assigned equally to three incubation treatment groups, namely dark (control group), red, and blue LED light (treated groups) for 25 days of the incubation period. Results indicated that colored lighting stimuli (red and blue) significantly affected hatching capability. This issue could also affect the expression of muscle growth marker genes in hatched and non-hatched non pipped turkey chicks. Incubation of turkey eggs under red or blue LED light showed an insignificant effect on mortality percentages. It can be concluded that the use of a red or blue light system during turkey eggs’ incubation could improve hatchability via upregulating the expression of muscle growth marker genes.
Effects of Red and Blue Light during the Incubation of Turkey Eggs on Hatchability Performance and Expression Pattern of Some Myogenic Regulatory Genes
Numerical Investigation of the Unsteady Flows in Hydropower Plants (Text)
Numerical Investigation of the Unsteady Flows in Hydropower Plants (Other)
HTML Summary of #970 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Numerical Investigation of the Unsteady Flows in Hydropower Plants</epc:when>
Sediment movement in rivers is one of the most important indicators to evaluate the health of an ecosystem. Bed load different specification such as shape, dimensions and other statistical parameters of this sediment reflect the hydraulic and hydrological conditions governing them, directly. To investigate the changes of particle aggregation of Sistan river bed, four sediment samples were collected from the Sistan river. After aggregation of sediments in the laboratory, sediment diameter (D50) and uniformity coefficient (Cu) was calculated, and using inverse distance weighting (IDW) method, the mentioned parameters for the Sistan river from Jarikeh up to the AfzalAbad plugs place were interpolated and parameters using ARC-GIS software was zoning along the river. Results showed that Sistan river bed material is sand and silt, 3 km to the beginning and at end of the study interval based on the English standard classification it is silty texture and the rest of bed is sandy texture. 11 kilometers beginning and the end of the river also from 20 +721 kilometer up to about 12 kilometers has also a good aggregation. The entire river except for the middle section of river from the 13 +244 km to extent of 4 km river bed has non-uniform soil.
Numerical Investigation of the Unsteady Flows in Hydropower Plants
Non-specific Bacterial Profiles in Reproductive Tract of Dairy Cattle during Artificial Insemination (Text)
Non-specific Bacterial Profiles in Reproductive Tract of Dairy Cattle during Artificial Insemination (Other)
HTML Summary of #369 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Non-specific Bacterial Profiles in Reproductive Tract of Dairy Cattle during Artificial Insemination</epc:when>
One of the causes of low reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle is the presence of reproductive disorders caused by a non-specific bacterial infection. The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify the genus of non-specific bacteria in the reproductive tract of dairy cattle during artificial insemination. A total of 10 samples in the form of mucus attached to the plastic sheath used after artificial insemination in dairy cattle were collected in the study. The samples were subjected to bacterial isolation and identification. The obtained results of the study indicated that Staphylococcus was the dominant genus found (90%). On the other hand, other genera were Escherichia (60%) and Corynebacterium (20%).
Non-specific Bacterial Profiles in Reproductive Tract of Dairy Cattle during Artificial Insemination
Western Blot Analysis to Detect Cross-reaction in Toxocara vitulorum Protein with Anti-Mecistocirrus digitatus Serum (Text)
Western Blot Analysis to Detect Cross-reaction in Toxocara vitulorum Protein with Anti-Mecistocirrus digitatus Serum (Other)
HTML Summary of #370 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Western Blot Analysis to Detect Cross-reaction in Toxocara vitulorum Protein with Anti-Mecistocirrus digitatus Serum</epc:when>
Worm infections are found in livestock and can be transmitted to humans. Toxocara vitulorum is a worm species which commonly infected people. Cross-reaction among worms can generate false positive to establish helminthiasis diagnosis through antibody inspection. This study aimed to determine specific proteins that caused cross-reaction between Toxocara vitulorum antigen and anti-M. digitatus serum by using the western blot technique. In the present study, the whole worms extracted of T. vitulorum and M. digitatus have been used to make polyclonal antibodies from M. digitatus with Wistar rats as hosts. The cross-reaction between whole worm extract of T. vitulorum protein and anti-M. digitatus serum obtained 12 protein bands that each relative molecular mass (Mr) valued of 176, 124, 92, 68, 59, 47, 31, 29, 26, 16, 12, and 10 kDa. Cross-reaction occurred between T. vitulorum protein and anti-M. digitatus.
Western Blot Analysis to Detect Cross-reaction in Toxocara vitulorum Protein with Anti-Mecistocirrus digitatus Serum
Formalin Potentials in the Pathogenic Attenuation of Eimeria tenella based on Oocyst Productions (Text)
Formalin Potentials in the Pathogenic Attenuation of Eimeria tenella based on Oocyst Productions (Other)
HTML Summary of #115 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Formalin Potentials in the Pathogenic Attenuation of Eimeria tenella based on Oocyst Productions</epc:when>
Coccidiosis is a disease found in poultry caused by parasitic protozoa, namely Eimeria tenella (E. tenella), which may lead to high rates of morbidity and mortality. To prevent coccidiosis, vaccination is required to inactivate and attenuate E. tenella protozoa. One of the compounds applied for attenuation is formaldehyde. Formaldehyde reduces the pathogenicity of an organism by creating rigidity in its structure. As a result, the organism cannot inflict disease and has a higher impact on building antibodies although it is still alive. The current research was an experimental study aimed to determine the formalin potential in attenuation of E. tenella pathogenesis in terms of oocyst production. The present study was conducted using the completely randomized design method. A total number of 25 broiler chickens were applied and their feces were tested to observe oocysts production and clinical symptoms. The obtained data would be analyzed by the ANOVA statistical test. The treatment groups presented clinical symptoms of E. tenella infection. The number of oocysts in treatment group I fluctuated from the lowest number which was zero on day five and then increased by day six, seven, and eight and it has reached the peak with the most significant amount of 4,050,460 oocysts on day nine. The treatment group II with the same condition reached its peak with the highest number of 1,363,160 oocysts on day nine. The treatment group III peaked with the most significant number of 618,960 oocysts on day nine. In addition, the treatment IV group attained the apex with the highest number of 719,480 oocysts on day nine. Meanwhile, the treatment V group reached the highest number of 284,200 oocysts on day nine. The difference in formalin concentration affected the amount of E. tenella oocyst production of broiler chickens. Formalin soaking with a concentration of 1.2% was the most optimal concentration to attenuate E. tenella.
Formalin Potentials in the Pathogenic Attenuation of Eimeria tenella based on Oocyst Productions
Histopathology Description of Chicken Liver Infected by L2 Toxocara Vitulorum (Text)
Histopathology Description of Chicken Liver Infected by L2 Toxocara Vitulorum (Other)
HTML Summary of #122 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Histopathology Description of Chicken Liver Infected by L2 Toxocara Vitulorum</epc:when>
Transmission of Toxocara vitulorum Infection causes a decrease in livestock productivity and results in various types of diseases in humans. Chickens are one of the parasitic hosts of toxocariasis which has the potential for transmission of toxocariasis to humans. The main location affected by T. vitulorum larval infection is the liver. The current study aimed to analyze the description of histopathological changes in the liver of broiler chickens infected by L2 Toxocara vitulorum. The present study was a true experiment using a completely randomized design. A total number of 28 broiler chickens aged 14 days were selected as the sample in this study. Samples were infected using L2 Toxocara vitulorum larvae and were grouped in accordance with observations of the 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after the larvae were given to the samples. Toxocara vitulorum larval infection caused changes in histopathological features of broilers chickens. This infection caused hydropic inflammation and degeneration of liver cells, cholangitis, and eventually necrosis of the cells. Exposure to infection over a long period of time can worsen liver cell and other organ damages as well as increasing the potential for the transmission of Toxocara vitulorum larvae.
Histopathology Description of Chicken Liver Infected by L2 Toxocara Vitulorum
Isolation and Identification of Newcastle Disease Virus from Ducks Sold at Traditional Livestock Market Center in Indonesia (Text)
Isolation and Identification of Newcastle Disease Virus from Ducks Sold at Traditional Livestock Market Center in Indonesia (Other)
HTML Summary of #127 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Isolation and Identification of Newcastle Disease Virus from Ducks Sold at Traditional Livestock Market Center in Indonesia</epc:when>
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the important infectious diseases in the poultry industry. The traditional poultry markets have great potential in ND transmission. The ducks infected by the ND virus rarely show clinical symptoms, thus they can potentially spread the disease to other fowls. The current study aimed to isolate and identify the ND virus from ducks in a traditional live bird market center in East Java, Indonesia. Cloacal swab samples were taken from 300 ducks. The study consisted of 100 pooled samples, each containing a cloacal swab sample obtained from 3 individual ducks. The samples were inoculated in specific antibody-negative embryonated chicken eggs for 8-10 days. Hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition tests were performed for confirmation and identification of ND virus. Based on the result of the current study, out of 100 pooled samples, there were three to nine ducks infected with the ND virus.
Isolation and Identification of Newcastle Disease Virus from Ducks Sold at Traditional Livestock Market Center in Indonesia
Vaccination of Algerian Local Rabbits with Precocious Strains of Eimeria magna and Eimeria media (Text)
Vaccination of Algerian Local Rabbits with Precocious Strains of Eimeria magna and Eimeria media (Other)
HTML Summary of #381 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Vaccination of Algerian Local Rabbits with Precocious Strains of Eimeria magna and Eimeria media</epc:when>
The present study was conducted to assess the safety and the efficacy of a vaccine containing the Algerian precocious strains of Eimeria magna and Eimeria media used separately or together against rabbit coccidiosis. The samples consisted of 56 young rabbits reared in specific pathogen-free conditions. Following the challenge inoculation, statistically significant decreases in oocyst excretion were noticed in the vaccinated rabbits with the precocious strain of Eimeria magna, Eimeria media, and both species leading toa good immune response acquired by the vaccination associated with a good growth rate. Moreover, there was a statistically significant increase in oocyst output following the challenge in all challenged groups. Unlike the vaccinated groups, the challenged groups showed poor weight gains. More than 50% of the young rabbits from all the challenged groups presented diarrhea. Consequently, these precocious strains constitute good candidates for mono or polyvalent anticoccidial vaccines in the future.
Vaccination of Algerian Local Rabbits with Precocious Strains of Eimeria magna and Eimeria media
Improving the teaching and learning with the help of curriculum (Text)
Improving the teaching and learning with the help of curriculum (Other)
HTML Summary of #1002 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Improving the teaching and learning with the help of curriculum</epc:when>
Goals, disposition, duration, needs analysis, learners and teachers, exercises and activities, resources, learning styles, skills to be acquired, lexis, language structure, and ability measurement are all components of any curriculum. These elements should be defined and documented in depth before establishing a program or course of study. In fact, these factors aid in the clarification of various aspects of the curriculum and, as a result, increase its productivity. In practice, proper consideration of each component of these components can have a huge impact on the program's richness. As a result, curriculum or course planners must examine each component individually and assess their position in the program. In general, these factors should be thoroughly examined before, during, and after the program. As a result, the purpose of this essay is to throw some light on the many components of a teaching-learning course.
Improving the teaching and learning with the help of curriculum
Sero-Epidemiology of Marek’s Disease Virus on Local and Exotic Chickens in Northwest Ethiopia (Text)
Sero-Epidemiology of Marek’s Disease Virus on Local and Exotic Chickens in Northwest Ethiopia (Other)
HTML Summary of #138 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Sero-Epidemiology of Marek’s Disease Virus on Local and Exotic Chickens in Northwest Ethiopia</epc:when>
Marek’s disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative and neuropathic disease of domestic fowl caused by alphaherpesviruses. The current cross-sectional study with a simple random sampling method was undertaken from January 2018 to May 2020. The current study aimed to estimate sero-epidemiology and assess potential risk factors, it is very important to determine MD sero-positivity. Moreover, to measure the association of host and environmental risk factors, the occurrences and spread of MD were identified in local and exotic chickens in Northwest Ethiopia. A total of 768 serum samples from 3 zones were collected and assayed for Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV) antibodies using the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. A questionnaire survey was also conducted to gather information on the potential risk factors of MDV sero-positivity, as well as the status of occurrences and spread in the chicken flocks. In the present preliminary study, a high flock and chicken level of MDV was demonstrated, with an overall seroprevalence of 59.11%. The mixed-effect logistic regression analysis of the host potential risk factors showed that the odds of seropositive for MD was significantly higher in local chickens (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.26-2.28) than exotic chickens, higher in chickens getting non-proper feed (OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.13-0.54) than getting proper feed, higher in vaccinated chickens (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.76-1.43) than non-vaccinated chickens. Rearing chicken of different batches in one house was decreased the odds of occurrence of MD by 55% (95% CI: 0.38-0.80) than all-in-all-out, higher in the well-ventilated type farms decreased the odds of occurrence of MD by 60% (95% CI: 0.39-0.80) than in poor ones. Litter management when farmers used chickens as fertilizer has decreased the odds of occurrence of MD by 55% (95% CI: 0.01-0.47) and chickens were tossed into open sheds 40% (95% CI: 0.01-0.31), compared to buried chickens management. The study results indicated that the number of farms where farmers wearing no clothes and shoes (95% CI: 0.10-0.58) were significantly decreased the occurrence of MD by 24% than those where farmers were equipped with clothes and shoes. The study area was highest in West Gojjam (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.27-0.58) and South Gondar (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.13-0.28) compared to North Gondar zone. In conclusion, the present study revealed a high flock and chicken seroprevalence level of MDV among chicken flocks in northwest Ethiopia, suggesting that environmental dust/dander and farm management systems might be a source of this disease for chicken infection. Besides, the observed association of MD, sero-positivity with environmental dust/dander, and farm management systems may suggest the economic importance of the disease for chicken production. Therefore, it warrants control attention to reduce its economic and disease spread burden in the study areas. Further works on the economic impacts, virus isolation, and molecular characterization of the disease are suggested.
Sero-Epidemiology of Marek’s Disease Virus on Local and Exotic Chickens in Northwest Ethiopia
Bovine Ehrlichiosis Prevalence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Molecular Studies (Text)
Bovine Ehrlichiosis Prevalence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Molecular Studies (Other)
HTML Summary of #390 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Bovine Ehrlichiosis Prevalence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Molecular Studies</epc:when>
While some Ehrlichia species, such as E. ruminantium and E. minasensis, are not popular even among veterinarians, they can infect cattle. The current study aimed to review studies on Ehrlichia spp. to evaluate its worldwide molecular prevalence, given the lack of information about bovine ehrlichiosis and the lack of previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses on this subject. In order to determine the molecular prevalence of Ehrlichia spp. in cattle, a systematic review of the literature was conducted in three databases. A meta-analysis with a random-effects model was performed to calculate the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and measures of heterogeneity were reported. Subgroup analyses were performed in terms of Ehrlichia species, country, and regions. The literature search yielded 1051 papers until August 1, 2019, with 71 studies entirely eligible for review. The pooled molecular prevalence for Ehrlichia at the individual level (N = 6232) was 2.3% (95% CI: 1.7-2.9%) with the highest value of 82.4%. Studies identified the highest pooled molecular prevalence of 6.6% (95% CI: 0.6-12.7%) for E. canis, followed by E. ruminantium (n = 4695, 75.33%) 52 studies, with 1.7% (95% CI: 1.1-2.3%) and E. chaffeensis with 1.5% (95% CI: 0.0-0.3%). Moreover, the obtained result was indicative of only one study addressing E. minasensis. As the findings suggested, heartwater (E. ruminantium infection) is a notifiable disease of domestic and wild ruminants, recorded by the World Organization for Animal Health. There is a possible risk of endemic heartwater in the Americas due to the climatic features. Furthermore, E. minasensis, E. chaffeensis, and E. canis were observed in cattle although the two last species could be a molecular misidentification with regard to their phylogenetic relationships with E. minasensis.
Bovine Ehrlichiosis Prevalence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Molecular Studies
Tekelan Leaves (Chromolaena odorata) Infusion and 10 Povidone-Iodine on Incision Wound Healing Process of Mice (Mus musculus) Infected with Staphylococcus aureus (Text)
Tekelan Leaves (Chromolaena odorata) Infusion and 10 Povidone-Iodine on Incision Wound Healing Process of Mice (Mus musculus) Infected with Staphylococcus aureus (Other)
HTML Summary of #393 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Tekelan Leaves (Chromolaena odorata) Infusion and 10 Povidone-Iodine on Incision Wound Healing Process of Mice (Mus musculus) Infected with Staphylococcus aureus</epc:when>
Skin is considered to be the most prone organ to injury and infection compared to other body organs. Skin infections are most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The most commonly used synthetic drugs to overcome skin problems is Povidone-iodine. Considering the Indonesian traditional method, injuries could be cured by dripping Tekelan leaves (Chromolaena odorata) infusion on the wounded skin area. This study aimed to compare the treatment effects of Tekelan leaves (Chromolaena odorata) infusion and povidone-iodine in the wound healing process of mice skin. The subjects of this study were 25 mice (Mus musculus) which were incised and infected with Staphylococcus aureus in 5 groups, namely, P0 (without treatment), P1 (povidone-iodine 10%), P2 (Tekelan infusion 5%), P3 (Tekelan infusion 10%), and P4 (Tekelan infusion 20%). Observations were made microscopically on wound conditions based on a total assessment of the four observed parameters (epithelization, inflammation rate, connective tissue proliferation, and angiogenesis). The results showed that the total observation value in the P0 and P2 groups was lower than the other groups. The P1 group obtained the highest score. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference among the treatment groups (p < 0.05). While the Mann Whitney test indicated P1 had a significant difference with P0, P2, and P3, it had no significant difference with P4. It can be concluded that the Tekelan Leaves (Chromolaena odorata) infusion can be used as an alternative of povidone-iodine with an optimal concentration of 20%.
Tekelan Leaves (Chromolaena odorata) Infusion and 10 Povidone-Iodine on Incision Wound Healing Process of Mice (Mus musculus) Infected with Staphylococcus aureus
Biosecurity Practices and Characteristics of Poultry Farms in Three Regions of Cameroon (Text)
Biosecurity Practices and Characteristics of Poultry Farms in Three Regions of Cameroon (Other)
HTML Summary of #155 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Biosecurity Practices and Characteristics of Poultry Farms in Three Regions of Cameroon</epc:when>
The outbreak of diseases is the main factor affecting poultry production in Cameroon. The implementation of biosecurity measures in poultry farms is essential to reduce disease outbreaks. This study aimed to assess biosecurity practices in poultry farms in three regions of Cameroon. The study was carried out using a structured questionnaire on 90 randomly selected poultry farms. Most of the farmers were men (85%) with deep litter (77.8%), battery cage (2.2%), and both deep litter and battery cage (20.0%) housing systems. Amongst the farms surveyed, 9/30 (30.0%) in the Centre; 8/30 (26.7%) in the Littoral; and 13/30 (43.3%) in the West were aware of biosecurity measures. The biosecurity score (BS) of surveyed farms ranged between 2 and 3. The findings indicated that 39 farms (12 in the Centre, 14 in the Littoral, and 13 in the West) were at moderate risk, and 51 farms (18 in the Centre, 16 in the Littoral, and 17 in the West) were at high risk. Reasons for keeping chickens and the number of chickens per farm did not significantly influence BS, while the farm category could significantly affect it. The outbreak of diseases correlated with BS, showing a tendency of increase in the outbreak of diseases with increasing BS. This study underlines the fact that biosecurity practices in Cameroon have not been well implemented by chicken farmers. This leads to disease outbreaks, and consequently, important economic losses as well as massive use of drugs that may be unsafe for human consumption. Therefore, the effective monitoring of biosecurity in chicken farming should be encouraged by extension of training to the farmers to support the efficient production of chickens by respecting biosecurity that drastically reduces the risk of disease outbreaks and provides good quality chicken products for human consumption.
Biosecurity Practices and Characteristics of Poultry Farms in Three Regions of Cameroon
Reproductive Characteristics, Serum Metabolites, and Oxidative Status in Female Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) Fed with Ethanolic Extract of Dichrostachys glomerata Fruit (Text)
Reproductive Characteristics, Serum Metabolites, and Oxidative Status in Female Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) Fed with Ethanolic Extract of Dichrostachys glomerata Fruit (Other)
HTML Summary of #404 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Reproductive Characteristics, Serum Metabolites, and Oxidative Status in Female Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) Fed with Ethanolic Extract of Dichrostachys glomerata Fruit</epc:when>
Dichrostachys glomerata (D. glomerata) is an aromatic plant which is used as a spice in cooking and Cameroonian traditional medicine to treat infertility in men. This work was designed to highlight the effects of the ethanolic extract of D. glomerata on oxidative status, serum metabolites and reproductive characteristics in female guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). A total of 48 primiparous female guinea pigs, aged 4 months old with the body weight of 400 ± 10 g, were divided into four groups with two replications per group (6 guinea pigs each). During 90 days of trial, Group 1 (control group) orally received 1 ml/kg b.w. of distilled water daily, and groups 2, 3, and 4 received D. glomerata ethanolic extract once a day at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w. using the same method of administration, respectively, for 90 days, including 60 days of gestation. After the first 30 days of treatment, mating was done by placing one non-treated male into cages containing six treated females. At the end of the treatment, data were collected on reproductive characteristics, serum metabolites, and oxidative stress markers. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of D. glomerata induced a significant decrease in the number of post-implantation resorption and ovaries weight. Groups 3 and 4 showed a significant increase in the number of fetuses per dam and viable fetuses as well as placenta weight, compared to the control group. The serum level of progesterone significantly decreased in the group treated with 200 mg/kg D. Glomerata, compared to the other treated groups. The extract at 100 mg/kg body weight showed a significant increase in fetuses weight and fetuses crown-rump length, compared to the control group. Catalase activity significantly increased in the control group than D. glomerata treated groups. In conclusion, ethanolic extract of D. glomerata minimized reproductive stress and subsequently improved the reproductive performance of guinea pigs.
Reproductive Characteristics, Serum Metabolites, and Oxidative Status in Female Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) Fed with Ethanolic Extract of Dichrostachys glomerata Fruit
Impact of Offspring Sex and Dam’s Pre-partum Vaccination on Colostrum Composition and Blood Hormones in Egyptian Buffaloes (Text)
Impact of Offspring Sex and Dam’s Pre-partum Vaccination on Colostrum Composition and Blood Hormones in Egyptian Buffaloes (Other)
HTML Summary of #408 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Impact of Offspring Sex and Dam’s Pre-partum Vaccination on Colostrum Composition and Blood Hormones in Egyptian Buffaloes</epc:when>
An The aim of the present research was to determine the effect of both the gender of the new-born calf and the pre-partum vaccination status of the dam (ScourGuard-4K) on the chemical composition and some biological parameters of the colostrum. Blood serum was collected from four groups of pregnant dams (four animals in each group) during the dry period (vaccinated buffalo dams pregnant with a male fetus, vaccinated buffalo dams pregnant with a female fetus, unvaccinated buffalo dams pregnant with a male fetus, and unvaccinated buffalo dams pregnant with a female fetus), in the pregnancy period, at the giving-birth period and after 24 hours of postpartum. The levels of insulin-like growth factor hormone (IGF-1) and immunoglobuline G (IgG) were calculated in the maternal blood serum at the assigned periods. Colostrum samples were collected at the birth time and 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after birth for measuring the chemical composition of the colostrum, as well as levels of IgG and IGF-1. Results of the current study showed that colostrum of dams that gave birth to male fetus had a richer content of IgG and IGF-1 levels and a higher percentage of total solids, solids-not-fat, total protein, fat, and lactose. Additionally, vaccination improved the same colostrum components except for IGF-1, which was not positively influenced by the vaccination. Generally, colostrum components were the highest at the birth time, then it decreased gradually up to 72 hours after the birth except that for the percentage of fat and lactose which showed gradual increases up to 72 hours to reach the normal composition of milk.
Impact of Offspring Sex and Dam’s Pre-partum Vaccination on Colostrum Composition and Blood Hormones in Egyptian Buffaloes
Uses of Immunoglobulins as an Antimicrobials Alternative in Veterinary Medicine (Text)
Uses of Immunoglobulins as an Antimicrobials Alternative in Veterinary Medicine (Other)
HTML Summary of #412 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Uses of Immunoglobulins as an Antimicrobials Alternative in Veterinary Medicine</epc:when>
As a result of increasing the resistance to antimicrobials in the field of veterinary medicine that reflects on human health, there is a great demand to use some drug alternatives. The application of avian immunoglobulins (IgY) is regarded as an important alternative strategy. The IgYs have been produced by several techniques and applied for animals using different methods. In addition, egg yolk IgYs have many advantages over blood type ones. There are many uses of IgYs in veterinary medicine. They have been used for the prophylaxis and treatment of different infections especially the enteric ones in cattle, pigs, rabbits, dogs, rats, mice, and fish species. Moreover, several studies showed the importance of IgY for competing for the in vivo enteric pathogens in poultry and the in vitro foodborne pathogen. Therefore, it is important to put a spotlight on applications of egg yolk immunoglobulins IgY in veterinary medicine to overcome the problems of antimicrobials’ resistance as well as the tissue residues that adversely affect human health.
Uses of Immunoglobulins as an Antimicrobials Alternative in Veterinary Medicine
Etiology of Respiratory Diseases of Poultry Farms in the North Coast of Egypt (Text)
Etiology of Respiratory Diseases of Poultry Farms in the North Coast of Egypt (Other)
HTML Summary of #183 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Etiology of Respiratory Diseases of Poultry Farms in the North Coast of Egypt</epc:when>
The current study aimed to identify the respiratory problems in poultry farms located in the north coast of Egypt from October 2018 to November 2019. A total of 89 poultry flocks (79 broilers, 5 layers, 3 ducks, and 2 turkeys) were investigated for four major viral respiratory pathogens, namely avian influenza (AI) H9N2, AI H5 subtypes, Newcastle Disease (ND), and Infectious Bronchitis (IB) viruses. All 89 flocks were subjected to real-time PCR to investigate AI H9N2 virus. The samples of 31, 43, and 15 out of 89 flocks were selected for the investigation of ND, IB, and AI H5 subtypes viruses, respectively, using real-time PCR. Sample selection was performed according to the mortalities, clinical signs, and post mortem lesions. The positive findings indicated that 22 out of 89 flocks were positive for AI H9N2 virus (2 layers + 20 broilers), 32 out of 43 flocks were positive for IB virus (2 layers + 30 broilers), 24 out of 31 flocks were positive for ND virus (1 Duck + 1 layer+ 22 broilers) and 9 out of 15 flocks were positive for AI H5N8 virus (1 turkey + 1 duck + 7 broilers). Partial sequencing for selected isolates of six ND, five IB, four H9N2, and three H5N8 viruses was applied, then nucleotide sequences were accessed on GenBank. Six ND isolates belonged to genotype Vӏӏ viruses circulating in Egypt. Two IB isolates were related to the classical strain circulating in Egypt, while the other three IB isolates belonged to EGY/Variant ӏӏ. Four H9N2 AI isolates were related to G1-lineage of H9 viruses circulating in the Middle East and Egypt. Three H5N8 AI isolates belonged to the highly diverse clade 2.3.4.4.b viruses circulating in Egypt. It was concluded that ND and IB viruses isolated in this study were not related to their vaccinal strains. Also, AI H5N8 circulating alone in affected flocks while AI H9N2 circulating alone and/or mixed with either IB or ND viruses. Finally, there is a need to devise a complete strategy to control the isolated respiratory viruses on the north coast of Egypt.
Etiology of Respiratory Diseases of Poultry Farms in the North Coast of Egypt
Growth Performance and Health Status of Broiler Chickens Treated with Natural Kaolin (Text)
Growth Performance and Health Status of Broiler Chickens Treated with Natural Kaolin (Other)
HTML Summary of #413 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Growth Performance and Health Status of Broiler Chickens Treated with Natural Kaolin</epc:when>
The The use of Kaolin as an inert ingredient in feed has been very common in the poultry industry. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different inclusion rates of Egyptian kaolinite in broiler chickens’ diet on growth performance, immune response, some blood serum changes, and bone development. A total of 240 unsexed one-day-old Avian 48 breed chickens were used in this experiment. The chickens were individually weighed and randomly allotted into 3 equal groups (80 chickens per each group) and each group was subdivided into 4 replicates (20 chickens per replicate), which received one of the three experimental diets (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0% kaolin for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively) during the experimental period (6 weeks). The obtained data revealed that kaolin addition at the dose of 0.5 or 1.0% in broiler chickens' diet insignificantly increased final body weight by 4.5% and 4.4%, respectively. On the other hand, it respectively decreased total feed intake by 1.0% and 1.8% and significantly improved the average feed conversion ratio and efficiency of energy utilization throughout the whole experimental period compared to the control. Moreover, kaolin addition had no adverse effect on the serum lipid profile and improved antioxidative activity through reduced nitric oxide and lipid peroxidase (malondialdehyde) concentrations or increased the activities of Glutathione peroxide, Catalase, and Superoxide dismutases in serum or liver tissues. Lysosomal and bactericidal activities were increased with kaolin addition at both levels in the broiler chickens’ diets. The present results suggested that the broiler chickens’ fed with kaolin-enriched diets improved growth, antioxidant activity, bone mineralization, and immune response.
Growth Performance and Health Status of Broiler Chickens Treated with Natural Kaolin
Effects of Diet Containing Fermented Canola Meal on Performance, Blood Parameters, and Gut Health of Broiler Chickens (Text)
Effects of Diet Containing Fermented Canola Meal on Performance, Blood Parameters, and Gut Health of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #167 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Diet Containing Fermented Canola Meal on Performance, Blood Parameters, and Gut Health of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
The current research aimed to study the effects of the fermented canola meal (Lactobacillus) diet on productive performance, blood parameters, and gut health of broiler chickens under high ambient temperature conditions. A total number of 320 (Ross-308) one-day-old broiler chickens were allocated randomly into four experimental groups for 42 days. Four experimental groups with four types of diet, including the control group (CON) received basal diet, and three other experimental groups were supplemented with 20% of the canola meal (CM), 20% fermented canola meal (FCM), and 20% canola meal with probiotic (PCM). The chickens that fed FCM presented improvement in live body weight, feed conversion ratio, and higher nutrient digestibility, compared to CM and PCM groups. Serum glucose, total protein, albumin, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of levels of chickens fed by FCM were higher than chickens fed CM and PCM, while there was a decrease in cholesterol. Fermented canola meal resulted in some noticeable beneficial changes in the cecum microflora communities through increasing the population of Lactobacillus spp. and decreasing the Escherichia coli and improved its morphology by increasing villus height. The results indicated that the fermentation of canola meal has enhanced performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health, which allow using greater amounts of fermented canola meal as a replacement of soybeans meal in the broiler diet.
Effects of Diet Containing Fermented Canola Meal on Performance, Blood Parameters, and Gut Health of Broiler Chickens
Changes in Serum Lysozyme and Bactericidal Activity in Growing Heifers of Different Breeds (Text)
Changes in Serum Lysozyme and Bactericidal Activity in Growing Heifers of Different Breeds (Other)
HTML Summary of #31 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Changes in Serum Lysozyme and Bactericidal Activity in Growing Heifers of Different Breeds</epc:when>
The study presents the results of a study of the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum of heifers of different breeds. The experiment involved 4 groups of heifers, 10 heads in each group: 1) Black-and-white Holstein; 2) Simmental; 3) Aberdeen-Angus; and 4) crosses of Simmental and Aberdeen-Angus breeds. Animals of all groups were kept in the same feeding and housing conditions. During the experiments, the animals were fed according to generally accepted standards. Blood was taken from animals from the tail vein in the morning before the first feeding in compliance with the aseptic rules. It was found that with an increase in gestation, the activity of serum bactericidal activity (SBA) and serum lysozyme activity (SLA) in the blood of heifers gradually increases.in conclusion, during pregnancy, the level of SBA and SLA in the blood of heifers depended on the month of pregnancy and the breed of animals. During pregnancy, hybrid heifers have higher levels of SBA and SLA, and relatively low levels of SBA and SLA are observed in Black-and-White, Simmental and Aberdeen Angus heifers. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
Changes in Serum Lysozyme and Bactericidal Activity in Growing Heifers of Different Breeds
Performance, Carcass and Internal Organs Characterizes of Broiler Chickens with Phytase Supplementation from Burkholderia Sp. Strain Hf.7 (Text)
Performance, Carcass and Internal Organs Characterizes of Broiler Chickens with Phytase Supplementation from Burkholderia Sp. Strain Hf.7 (Other)
HTML Summary of #30 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Performance, Carcass and Internal Organs Characterizes of Broiler Chickens with Phytase Supplementation from Burkholderia Sp. Strain Hf.7</epc:when>
Feed formulation with phytase supplementation is an innovation in the feed industry to improve monogastric feed quality without increasing production costs. This study aims to determine the carcass weight of broilers and the percentage of internal organs by providing various feeds, including those supplemented with phytase in phytase units (FTU) from Burkholderia sp. strain HF.7. A completely randomized experimental design was used in this study, using 108 broilers for five weeks of maintenance in three treatments with six replicas, each replica consisting of six broilers. The experimental feed given to broilers was basal feed without phytase supplementation (P1), basal feed + 750 FTU phytase (P2) and commercial feed (P3), each with the category of starter phase and finisher phase. Carcass weight and percentage of organs in broilers (liver, heart, gizzard, and lymph) were measured in each treatment unit. The results showed that broilers that consumed phytase supplemented feed had a higher carcass weight with a lower feed conversion value than broilers fed basal feed without phytase. These findings also indicate that the addition of phytase from Burkholderia sp. HF.7 strain at 750 FTU/kg feeds does not interfere with the organs of broilers' physiological function because of no increase in the percentage of the liver, heart, gizzard, and lymph. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
Performance, Carcass and Internal Organs Characterizes of Broiler Chickens with Phytase Supplementation from Burkholderia Sp. Strain Hf.7
Control of Intestinal E. coli Infection in Broiler Chicks Using Lactobacillus casei Isolated from Nono (Text)
Control of Intestinal E. coli Infection in Broiler Chicks Using Lactobacillus casei Isolated from Nono (Other)
HTML Summary of #222 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Control of Intestinal E. coli Infection in Broiler Chicks Using Lactobacillus casei Isolated from Nono</epc:when>
The current study aimed to evaluate whether the probiotic Lactobacillus casei could be effective in controlling chicken intestinal colibacillosis. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli.) and Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) isolates were obtained from nono (a sour milk product produced by Fulani tribe of Nigeria), and were used for the chicken infection and probiotic treatment, respectively. The experimental design was conducted on three-week-old broiler chicks, which were divided into five groups, namely A (healthy control), B (infected without treatment), C (infected and treated with antibiotic), D (infected and treated with L. casei), and E (initially given L. casei before infecting with E. coli). Groups C and D were treated using 15 g/L norfloxacin and 1.5 ml of 1.1x109cfu/ml L. casei, respectively. Group E was given the oral infusion of 1.5 ml of 1.1 × 109 cfu/ml L. casei before infection with 1.5 ml of 1.3 × 107 cfu/ml avian pathogenic E. coli. Weight, hematological parameters, liver function, and fecal E. coli counts of the chicks were monitored and used to evaluate the level of protection elicited by the probiotic organism. There was weight gain in chicken groups, except for group B. There was a significant difference in the sodium, chlorine, and bicarbonate levels amongst the groups. The hematological profile revealed a significant difference in the hemoglobin, white blood cells, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts of the chicken groups. Assessment of liver enzymes showed no significant difference amongst the chick groups except in group B. Similar results were obtained for the urea, creatinine, and C-reactive protein levels. The microbial tests revealed a decrease in the total E. coli count for groups C, D, and E. The results of the current study indicated that L. casei could be used as a probiotic in the control of chicken colibacillosis.
Control of Intestinal E. coli Infection in Broiler Chicks Using Lactobacillus casei Isolated from Nono
Egg Production, Fertility, Hatchability and Luteinizing Hormone Profile of Progesterone Hormone Injected to Arabic Gold Chicken (Gallus turcicus) (Text)
Egg Production, Fertility, Hatchability and Luteinizing Hormone Profile of Progesterone Hormone Injected to Arabic Gold Chicken (Gallus turcicus) (Other)
HTML Summary of #224 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Egg Production, Fertility, Hatchability and Luteinizing Hormone Profile of Progesterone Hormone Injected to Arabic Gold Chicken (Gallus turcicus)</epc:when>
The production and reproduction performance of chicken depends on their hormonal status, especially progesterone hormone, which has been known to correlate with egg production. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of progesterone hormone injection on Arabic Gold chickens (Gallus turcicus) regarding egg production and luteinizing hormone concentration in blood plasma. A total number of 60 Arabic Gold chickens aged 26-weeks were divided into three groups based on injected hormone concentration (P0: control; P1: 1 mg/chicken; P2: 2 mg/chicken). The study was conducted using a completely randomized design and the obtained data were analyzed with a descriptive analysis for qualitative data and one-way analysis of variance followed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test as a post hoc test for the quantitative data. The results presented that progesterone hormone injection had a significant effect on hen day production two and six weeks after injection. The P1 group was able to reach its peak production (82.9%) at week 29, while the P2 group reached its peak at week 26 (78.9%). In addition, it was found that the P2 group produced a soft-shelled egg and double egg yolk. Progesterone injection led to no significant effect on the egg weight, shape index, fertility, embryo viability, hatchability, and chick weight at hatch. The luteinizing hormone concentration was higher in P2 (1.52 ng/ml), compared to P0 (1.36 ng/ml) and P1 (1.34 ng/ml) groups. It was concluded that progesterone hormone injection during the production phase of Arabic Gold chicken had a significant effect on egg production and caused varying egg production peak and luteinizing hormone concentration.
Egg Production, Fertility, Hatchability and Luteinizing Hormone Profile of Progesterone Hormone Injected to Arabic Gold Chicken (Gallus turcicus)
Comparative Effects of Synthetic Lysine and Methionine Supplements on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finisher Broilers Fed Corn-Soybean Based Diets (Text)
Comparative Effects of Synthetic Lysine and Methionine Supplements on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finisher Broilers Fed Corn-Soybean Based Diets (Other)
HTML Summary of #28 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Comparative Effects of Synthetic Lysine and Methionine Supplements on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finisher Broilers Fed Corn-Soybean Based Diets</epc:when>
The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of lysine and methionine supplements in corn-soybean meal diets for finisher broilers, by comparing their combined and sole effects on performance and carcass characteristics of the birds. Parameters measured were performance (body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and mortality), dressed weight, dressing percentage, carcass cuts and internal organs. The experimental diets were: T1 (control) = lysine + Methionine, T2 (sole lysine) and T3 (sole methionine) supplements. Final body weight, weight gain, carcass and carcass cuts were significantly higher in the control (lysine + methionine) than in the sole supplemented diets, while sole supplementation with methionine (T3) produced significant higher values than sole lysine (T2) in the above mentioned parameters The liver was significantly enlarged in the birds that received the sole supplemented diets. Due to the enlarged liver of the birds fed the sole supplemented diets, it was concluded that supplementation with both lysine and methionine is indispensable in corn- soybean meal based diets for finisher broilers. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
Comparative Effects of Synthetic Lysine and Methionine Supplements on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finisher Broilers Fed Corn-Soybean Based Diets
Effects of Pre-Determined Level of Folic Acid Supplement on Performance and Carcass Characteristics Of Broiler Chickens (Text)
Effects of Pre-Determined Level of Folic Acid Supplement on Performance and Carcass Characteristics Of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #27 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Pre-Determined Level of Folic Acid Supplement on Performance and Carcass Characteristics Of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
A pre-determined level of folic acid supplement (30 mg per litre of drinking water) was fed for varying durations (7, 10 and 14 days) from day-one of age to determine the effect on performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. The objective was to confirm the high levels of abdominal fat pads in previous trials with graded levels of folic acid, to clarify the mechanism underlying adipose tissue growth in broilers. Parameters measured were body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, folic acid intake, mortality and dressed weight, dressing percentage, carcass cuts and internal organs. Data obtained were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences. The outstanding result of this research was on the conformation of the dressed carcasses of the folic acid treated birds, characterized by expanded abdominal regions filled with large mass of abdominal fat pads. There was no difference between the control and the folic acid birds in other parameters measured, except the group on the longest duration of folic acid supplementation, which had higher feed intake. Folic acid intake increased significantly with increase in the duration of administration. It was concluded that, the large mass of abdominal fat pads of the folic acid birds were as a result of cell multiplication (hyperplasia) due to the fact that folate-mediated one-carbon units transfer reactions support rapid proliferation of cells and are important during periods of active cell division. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
Effects of Pre-Determined Level of Folic Acid Supplement on Performance and Carcass Characteristics Of Broiler Chickens
Effect of Egg Storage Length on Hatchability and Survival of Koekoek Chickens (Text)
Effect of Egg Storage Length on Hatchability and Survival of Koekoek Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #258 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Egg Storage Length on Hatchability and Survival of Koekoek Chickens</epc:when>
Chicken production plays a major in the livelihood of rural people due to the provision of eggs and meat which are high sources of protein. This calls for sustainable production of chickens through strategies aimed at improving the hatchability of eggs and survival of chickens. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of egg storage length on egg hatchability and survival of the Koekoek chickens. A total number of 270 eggs were divided into three treatment groups, and the eggs of each group were stored for 3, 7, and 11 days before incubation. Each treatment consisted of three replicates. The General Linear Model procedure was used to analyze the data. The eggs that were stored for three days before incubation had a higher hatching percentage, compared to those that were stored for 7 and 11 days before incubation. Storing eggs for few days before incubation resulted in reduced embryonic mortality rate and lower mortality of chickens during the first seven days after hatching. Based on these results, is recommended that Koekoek chicken eggs should be stored for three days before incubation to maximize hatchability and survival of chickens before the age of seven days.
Effect of Egg Storage Length on Hatchability and Survival of Koekoek Chickens
Evaluating the Trend of Changes in Bed Sediments Gradation over the Sistan River (Text)
Evaluating the Trend of Changes in Bed Sediments Gradation over the Sistan River (Other)
HTML Summary of #971 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Evaluating the Trend of Changes in Bed Sediments Gradation over the Sistan River</epc:when>
Evaluating the Trend of Changes in Bed Sediments Gradation over the Sistan River
Effect of Pre-Slaughter Antacid Supplementation of Drinking Water on Carcass Yield and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens (Text)
Effect of Pre-Slaughter Antacid Supplementation of Drinking Water on Carcass Yield and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #267 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Pre-Slaughter Antacid Supplementation of Drinking Water on Carcass Yield and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Antacid is a mixture of sodium bicarbonate, bicarbonate, and citric acid, which can neutralize stomach acidity and may stabilize the pH of post-mortem carcass and meat. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the carcass and meat quality of broiler chickens by supplementing the antacid in drinking water. A total of 48 male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were divided into two groups that the first group was the control group (did not receive antacid supplementation in the drinking water) and the second group was supplemented with antacid in drinking water (0.10%) for three days pre-slaughter. It was found that the antacid supplementation increased the percentage of breast meat, while carcass yield, and thigh, drumstick, and wing were not significantly affected. The pH of breast meat 45 minutes and the drip loss at 24 hours post-slaughter was significantly higher. The shear-force of breast meat was reduced (P < 0.05) by antacid supplementation. For the color of the breast meat, there were no significant differences in lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) between the two groups, but the total difference in the color of meat was slightly increased. It can be concluded that supplementing the drinking water with an antacid for three days before slaughter improves the carcass and meat quality of broiler chickens by maintaining the pH and water holding capacity of the meat.
Effect of Pre-Slaughter Antacid Supplementation of Drinking Water on Carcass Yield and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens
Effects of Acetaminophen and Vitamin Supplement on Feed intake, Body Weight, and Acute Pain Responses of Pullets Subjected to Beak-trimming (Text)
Effects of Acetaminophen and Vitamin Supplement on Feed intake, Body Weight, and Acute Pain Responses of Pullets Subjected to Beak-trimming (Other)
HTML Summary of #279 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Acetaminophen and Vitamin Supplement on Feed intake, Body Weight, and Acute Pain Responses of Pullets Subjected to Beak-trimming</epc:when>
The first experiment aimed to compare the effects of manual and electric beak-trimming on feed intake, body weight, and some biochemical parameters of eight-week-old pullets. A total of 20 pullets aged 3 weeks were assigned to two treatment groups; those in group A were manually debeaked while the samples in group B were electro debeaked. The findings indicated that 2 hours post-beak-trimming (PBT), the packed-cell volume of group A was significantly higher than that of group B. Plasma cortisol level of group A was significantly higher than that of group B at 2 and 6 hours PBT while total plasma protein level of group A was significantly lower than that of the group at 2 and 72 hours PBT. Furthermore, feed intake and body weight markedly decreased in the pullets debeaked with both methods until 72 hours PBT. The chickens’ beak trimmed with both methods experienced intense pain of varying degrees lasting up to 72 hours. In the second experiment, 40 eight-week-old pullets were assigned to four groups; group A was the control, group B was treated with a vitamin supplement, group C was treated with acetaminophen, and group D was treated with vitamin supplement plus acetaminophen. After 24 hours, chickens were beak-trimmed using a manual cutter. The results revealed that 2 hours PBT, plasma cortisol level in groups B, C, and D were significantly lower than that of group A. Blood glucose was lowest in groups A and D at 6 and 24 hours PBT, respectively. It is concluded that the pre-treatment with vitamins and NSAIDs could reduce stress and pain in debeaked chickens.
Effects of Acetaminophen and Vitamin Supplement on Feed intake, Body Weight, and Acute Pain Responses of Pullets Subjected to Beak-trimming
Morphobiometric Characteristics and Biodiversity of Indigenous Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) in Benin (Text)
Morphobiometric Characteristics and Biodiversity of Indigenous Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) in Benin (Other)
HTML Summary of #283 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Morphobiometric Characteristics and Biodiversity of Indigenous Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) in Benin</epc:when>
The present study aimed to describe the morphobiometric characteristics of indigenous guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) populations in Benin. The current study was carried out on 1320 (529 males and 791 females) adult (at least 24 weeks old) indigenous guinea fowls from three climatic zones (Sudanian, Sudano-Guinean, and Guinean) of Benin. Each guinea fowl was subjected to a direct phenotypic description, biometric measurements, and photography. The results showed that the plumage coloration of indigenous guinea fowl in Benin was significantly diverse, but the most widespread plumage colors were pearl grey (30%), black (29.5%), and cinnamon (9.8%). The most common beak colors were grey (64.9%) and yellow-orange (24.8%). The eyes were predominantly black-white (67.1%). Grey-orange (33.7%), grey (32%), and black-orange (21%) colorations were more represented on the shanks with wattles relatively dominated by red-white (59.4%) and white-red (30.5%). The average live weight of guinea fowl was 1.34 kg in males which was 4.38% heavier than females. All the biometric measurements were significantly higher in males. The live weights of guinea fowl in the Sudanian zone (1.40  0.18 kg) were higher than those of guinea fowl found in the Sudano-Guinean zone (1.27  0.24 kg) and Guinean zone (1.33  0.28 kg). Principal Component Analysis indicated that three distinct groups of guinea fowl can be formed based on their biometric measurements (live weight, chest circumference, body length, drumstick length, shank length, shank diameter, and wingspan). The phenotypes’ diversity was relatively abundant (1-Hill: 0.69) in all climatic zones. The phenotypic biodiversity observed in the populations of indigenous guinea fowl in Benin can guide farmers to select specific phenotypes to meet consumer preferences.
Morphobiometric Characteristics and Biodiversity of Indigenous Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) in Benin
The Protein Digestibility of the Broiler Chickens Fed Jamu Formula, a Local Herbal Solution (Text)
The Protein Digestibility of the Broiler Chickens Fed Jamu Formula, a Local Herbal Solution (Other)
HTML Summary of #29 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Protein Digestibility of the Broiler Chickens Fed Jamu Formula, a Local Herbal Solution</epc:when>
Jamu (local herbal drinking) have been known for a long time by inhabitants in Indonesia as conventional home grown pharmaceutical and to progress digestion system within the body. Jamu, not as it were for people but also for creatures. Local farmers have moreover utilized jamu for chicken for a long time, and it’s utilize is expanding. This Research points to decide the impact of jamu to extend protein in vivo digestibility in broilers and for knowing the ideal level of jamu for optimum protein digestibility in broilers. The strategy utilized in this investigate is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatment and 5 replications, each redundancy comprises of 1 broiler chickens, so there are 20 chickens. The treatment comprises of P0 (control), T1 (jamu 1.5 mL/500 mL), T2 (jamu 2.5 mL/500 mL) and T3 (jamu 3.5 mL/500 mL). The parameters watched were digestibility protein in broilers. Based on the examination of fluctuation, it appears The treatment had no critical impact on chicken protein broilers' digestibility given jamu. However, seeing each treatment's average value, T1, T2 and T3 tend to increase to 99.62, 99.68 and 99.71, respectively. In conclusion, supplemented with jamu formula does not significantly affect broiler chicken protein's digestibility, but the digestibility increases with increasing formula, up to the formula 3.5 mL/500 mL (T3) as the ideal level. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
The Protein Digestibility of the Broiler Chickens Fed Jamu Formula, a Local Herbal Solution
The Effects of Mixed Vitamins, Minerals, Fatty Acids and Amino Acids Supplementation into Drinking Water on Broiler Chickens’ Performance and Carcass Traits (Text)
The Effects of Mixed Vitamins, Minerals, Fatty Acids and Amino Acids Supplementation into Drinking Water on Broiler Chickens’ Performance and Carcass Traits (Other)
HTML Summary of #305 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effects of Mixed Vitamins, Minerals, Fatty Acids and Amino Acids Supplementation into Drinking Water on Broiler Chickens’ Performance and Carcass Traits</epc:when>
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of the feed supplement containing minerals, fatty acids, vitamins, and amino acids added to drinking water on broiler chickens’ performance and carcass traits. A total of 100 one-day-old Cobb 707 (mean weight 46.7 g) were randomly assigned into four treatments, including control group (C), C + 2.25 ml/L Viterna Plus (V1), C + 2.50 ml/L Viterna Plus (V2), and C + 2.75 ml/L Viterna Plus (V3). Each treatment group contained 5 replicates of 5 birds in each (25 birds per treatment). Birds were maintained for 28 days. The results suggested that feed supplement at 2.50 ml/L could successfully improve final body weight, performance index, and carcass weight (P < 0.05). Concurrently, the treatment also reduced the percentage of abdominal fat (P 0.05). In conclusion, the incorporation of commercial feed supplement containing mixed of minerals, vitamins, and amino acids at 2.50 ml/L into drinking water improved the overall performance of the broiler chickens.
The Effects of Mixed Vitamins, Minerals, Fatty Acids and Amino Acids Supplementation into Drinking Water on Broiler Chickens’ Performance and Carcass Traits
Clinicopathological Findings in Suspected Cases of Virus-induced Neoplastic Diseases in Commercial Layer Chickens in Nigeria (Text)
Clinicopathological Findings in Suspected Cases of Virus-induced Neoplastic Diseases in Commercial Layer Chickens in Nigeria (Other)
HTML Summary of #313 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Clinicopathological Findings in Suspected Cases of Virus-induced Neoplastic Diseases in Commercial Layer Chickens in Nigeria</epc:when>
Avian neoplastic diseases, including Marek’s disease (MD), avian leukosis (AL), and reticuloendotheliosis (RE), are of economic importance in the chicken industry. However, it is difficult to differentiate MD from AL and RE by clinical signs and postmortem examination. Therefore, the present study aimed to classify the avian neoplastic diseases affecting commercial layer chickens in Nigeria using clinical history, postmortem examination, and histopathological technique. Carcasses of commercial layer chickens from 7 and 20 poultry farms in Kaduna and Plateau States were studied, respectively, from February 2017 to March 2018. The age, morbidity, and mortality rates in each of the affected farms were determined. Detailed postmortem examinations were carried out on the carcasses from the affected farms, and organs observed to have neoplastic lesions were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology. The age means of the affected layers were 20.6 weeks and 20.8 weeks in Kaduna and Plateau States, respectively. The average morbidity rates of neoplasm in the affected layers were 3.9% and 9.3% in Kaduna and Plateau States, respectively, while the average mortality rates were 8.6% and 8.5% in Kaduna and Plateau States, respectively. The clinical observation of affected chickens indicated that they were anorexic and emaciated. Generally, the neoplastic lesions were characterized by white to gray, multifocal, firm nodules of varying sizes on the affected organs. In Kaduna State, the neoplasms were commonly observed on the liver (85.7%), spleen (71.4%), heart (42.9%), and kidneys (42.9%), while in Plateau State, the affected organs included liver (50%), spleen (25%), proventriculus (25%) and lungs (25%). The histopathological changes in the affected tissues were similar and characterized predominantly by the infiltration of lymphocytes, lymphoblasts, and macrophages. The patterns of distribution of the pleomorphic neoplastic cells within the liver were multifocal and perivascular in most cases. Findings from the current study indicated that cases of neoplasms in commercial layer chickens in Kaduna and Plateau States, Nigeria, could be attributed to MD.
Clinicopathological Findings in Suspected Cases of Virus-induced Neoplastic Diseases in Commercial Layer Chickens in Nigeria
Identification of Somatic Antigens of Adult Fasciola gigantica Isolated from Bali Cattle (Text)
Identification of Somatic Antigens of Adult Fasciola gigantica Isolated from Bali Cattle (Other)
HTML Summary of #525 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Identification of Somatic Antigens of Adult Fasciola gigantica Isolated from Bali Cattle</epc:when>
In most tropical countries, such as Indonesia, fasciolosis is generally caused by Fasciola gigantica known as tropical liver fluke. However, most fasciolosis serodiagnostic tests have been developed solely for diagnosing fasciolosis caused by Fasciola hepatica (non-tropical liver fluke), and very few have been specifically designed for F. gigantica. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of antigenic proteins from the somatic extract of F. gigantica isolated from Bali cattle (Bos javanicus). The liver flukes were collected from a slaughtering house in Mataram, Indonesia. The somatic extracts were prepared by homogenizing in buffers containing 0.05 M NaCl, 0.02 M PMSF, and 0.05% Triton X-100. The characterization of the somatic extract proteins was performed using one-dimension gel electrophoresis and followed by Western blotting to determine the profile of its antigenic proteins. There were 14 bands of the somatic extracts with an estimated molecular weight ranging from 8 to105 8 kDa shown on the gel electrophoresis. The results of the Western blot show that there were five prominent protein bands. Three out of five prominent antigenic proteins with molecular weights of 8, 27, and 33 kDa are promising to enrich the existence of antigens that have immunodiagnostic value for fasciolosis. Therefore, further studies are required to examine more deeply the potency of those three antigenic somatic proteins of F. gigantica.
Identification of Somatic Antigens of Adult Fasciola gigantica Isolated from Bali Cattle
Changes of Body Condition Scores, Serum Biochemistry and Liver Triacylglycerol in Periparturient Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows Raised in a Small-Holder Farm (Text)
Changes of Body Condition Scores, Serum Biochemistry and Liver Triacylglycerol in Periparturient Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows Raised in a Small-Holder Farm (Other)
HTML Summary of #535 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Changes of Body Condition Scores, Serum Biochemistry and Liver Triacylglycerol in Periparturient Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows Raised in a Small-Holder Farm</epc:when>
This Negative energy balance (NEB) inevitably occurs in periparturient dairy cows. Its consequences are related to reduced cows’ performances. Most studies concerning the NEB are performed in dairy cows of large-scale farms, particularly raised under non-tropical climate. The current study aimed to investigate the changes in body condition score, serum biochemical parameters, and liver triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in periparturient Holstein Friesian dairy cows raised by a small-holder farm. In this regard, 10 healthy pregnant dairy cows in a small-holder farm were recruited for the study. At 4 weeks before and 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after calving, blood samples were collected for determination of glucose, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations. BCS was evaluated at 4 weeks before and 2 weeks after calving. Liver samples were collected 4 weeks before and 2 weeks after calving to determine TAG concentration. Results revealed that serum NEFA and liver TAG concentration were elevated postpartum. Serum BHBA concentrations increased postpartum and the concentration indicated that dairy cows entered NEB condition as type I ketosis with a longer period. Serum IGF-I concentrations and BCS did not differ between before and after calving. In conclusion, dairy cows raised under small-holder tropical conditions suffered from serious NEB, though the cows had low milk production, as compared with the commercial non-tropical condition.
Changes of Body Condition Scores, Serum Biochemistry and Liver Triacylglycerol in Periparturient Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows Raised in a Small-Holder Farm
Diallel Analysis on Breast and Thigh Muscle Traits in the Cross of Three South African Indigenous Chicken Genotypes (Text)
Diallel Analysis on Breast and Thigh Muscle Traits in the Cross of Three South African Indigenous Chicken Genotypes (Other)
HTML Summary of #334 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Diallel Analysis on Breast and Thigh Muscle Traits in the Cross of Three South African Indigenous Chicken Genotypes</epc:when>
The present study aimed to estimate carcass characteristics of pure and crossbred chickens produced from three parental populations. A 3 × 3 complete diallel mating system involving three indigenous breeds, namely Potchefstroom Koekoek (P), Venda (V), and Ovambo (O), was used to produce three purebred (P × P, V × V, O × O), three crossbreds (P × O, P × V, O × V) and three reciprocals (O × P, V × P, V × O). The nine genetic groups were reared from hatch to 10 weeks of age in an open house with deep litter. At 10 weeks of age, six chickens per genetic group were randomly selected for slaughter. After slaughtering the breast and thigh muscles samples for analysis of the carcass characteristics (Meat colour, meat pH, and Shear force). The results showed that the Potchefstroom Koekoek breed had higher values in all colour indicators, L* (lightness), a* (redness), and b* (yellowness), compared to the other chicken breeds. The Potchefstroom Koekoek and P × O breed had higher pH values ranging from 5.66 to 6 at two hours post-slaughter and from 5.54 to 6.38 at 24 hours post-slaughter. The pH declines in all the nine genetic groups after two to 24 hours, with the exception of the crossbred P × O, which increased from 6.06 to 6.38. In terms of shear force, the O × P had the highest shear value, ranging from 35.89N to 74.80N, compared to other genetic groups. Potchefstroom Koekoek had normal meat colour and pH, whereas the Venda breed had tougher meat than other genotypes. The results of the present study might be useful for local chicken farmers to improve carcass traits.
Diallel Analysis on Breast and Thigh Muscle Traits in the Cross of Three South African Indigenous Chicken Genotypes
Nutritional Composition, in Vitro Gas Production and in Sacco Degradability of Processed Croton Megalocarpus Nuts for Ruminant Feeding (Text)
Nutritional Composition, in Vitro Gas Production and in Sacco Degradability of Processed Croton Megalocarpus Nuts for Ruminant Feeding (Other)
HTML Summary of #32 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Nutritional Composition, in Vitro Gas Production and in Sacco Degradability of Processed Croton Megalocarpus Nuts for Ruminant Feeding</epc:when>
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of processed croton nut on chemical composition, in vitro gas production and in sacco degradability. Four forms of croton nut namely: whole nut (WN), peeled nut (PN), De-husked nut (DhN) and De-fatted seed (DfS) were subjected to proximate analysis, Van Soest fibre fractionation, mineral composition analysis, phytochemical and aflatoxin tests. Degradability analyses were conducted using in vitro gas production and in sacco degradability techniques. Defatted seeds recorded significantly high level of CP and NFE (198 g/kg and 174 g/kg), whereas, ash content and ether extract (EE) were significantly high in WN (59 g/kg) and DhN (362 g/kg) respectively. Low fibre fractions of NDF (556 g/kg) and ADF (490 g/kg) were observed in DhN, while the mineral content was high in DfS which had calcium at 2.13 g/kg and phosphorus at 5.04 g/kg. High level of flavonoid was recorded in WN (124 g/kg), whereas low level of alkaloids was found in DfS (60 g/kg) and tannins in PN (7.1 g/kg). The potential in vitro gas production (a+b) was highest in DfS (22.2 ml/0.2 gDM) while potential in sacco degradability (a+b) was highest in DhN (58.4 ). High level of organic matter digestibility (OMD) (41 ) was observed in DfS. At kp=0.025 rumen outflow rate, DhN had the highest effective degradability of dry matter (56.6), while the rate effective crude protein degradability was 80.0 . Processing through peeling and dehusking improved the protein, energy and mineral content of DhN and DfS while crude fibre content reduced. Nutritional composition and degradability characteristics of all forms of croton nuts imply that they could be used in a total mixed ration (TMR) to supply requisite nutrients for maintenance of ruminant animals, while DhN and DfS could be used to supplement energy and protein for increased productivity. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
Nutritional Composition, in Vitro Gas Production and in Sacco Degradability of Processed Croton Megalocarpus Nuts for Ruminant Feeding
Effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy on palmar fibromatosis (Text)
Effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy on palmar fibromatosis (Other)
JLSB 11(1) 13-19, 2021-extracorporeal shockwave on palmar fibromatosis.pdf
HTML Summary of #562 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy on palmar fibromatosis</epc:when>
Introduction. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is therapeutic modality that applies shockwave from outer part of the body to a specific lesion and promotes revascularization and hence stimulates the curing process of connective tissues, relieves pain and improves function. Aim. The present study was done to detect the role of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in reducing palmar fibromatosis using Arabic version of modified QuickDASH-9 scale. Methods. Thirty patient with age ranged from 50 to 70 suffering from palmar fibromatosis were randomly selected from faculty of physical therapy modern technology and information university outpatient hand clinic, Cairo, Egypt and distributed into two equal groups: study group (A) received ESWT once a week for six weeks, done at frequency of 6–8 Hz with 1700 pulse/session at 0.18 mj/cm2 with traditional physical therapy protocol (U.S, massage, stretching ex, range of motion (ROM) ex and splinting). Group B received traditional physical therapy protocol. The measurements were conducted pre and post six weeks of treatment using Arabic version of Modified Quick DASH-9 scale and Jamar hand dynamometer. The study was carried out from April to December 2020. Descriptive statistics and unpaired t-test were conducted for comparison of age between groups. Results. There was a significant decrease in the score of Arabic modified Quick DASH scoring which is a good sign of improvement and increase in the hand grip strength. Conclusion. Extracorporeal shockwave is a beneficial method in reducing the progress of palmar fibromatosis.
Effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy on palmar fibromatosis
CHARACTERISTICS OF OSTRICH MEAT IN MANUFACTURING SAUSAGE IN COMPARISON WITH BEEF (Text)
CHARACTERISTICS OF OSTRICH MEAT IN MANUFACTURING SAUSAGE IN COMPARISON WITH BEEF (Other)
HTML Summary of #37 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">CHARACTERISTICS OF OSTRICH MEAT IN MANUFACTURING SAUSAGE IN COMPARISON WITH BEEF</epc:when>
Ostrich meat has become one of the most popular meat around the world. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the quality characteristics of processed meat, compared to products made from beef. The Ostrich and beef meat was prepared and stored frozen. Sausage was processed in laboratory and analyzed for chemical composition (crude protein, moisture, fat and ash). Physical properties include Water-holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss and microbiological analysis were done. The findings of this study revealed that, chemical composition of sausage from ostrich and beef had highly significant differences in moisture, crude protein, lipids and ash among all types of products. Physical attribute of sausage revealed that, there were highly significant differences among all types of products. The microbiological in sausage observed that, the highly significant differences in E. coli, staphylococcus aurous, total coli form, yeast and mold and total viable count but was not significant differences in Pseudomonas among all types of sausage. The study recommended that ostrich meat can be used on manufacturing of meat as an alternative to beef meat in limited amount. © 2021, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All rights reserved.
CHARACTERISTICS OF OSTRICH MEAT IN MANUFACTURING SAUSAGE IN COMPARISON WITH BEEF
TOXICITY OF AUTO-DETOXIFIED Jatropha curcas Linnaeus, 1753 KERNEL CAKE MIXTURES WITH BOVINE BLOOD (ADMJKC/BB) USING BRINE SHRIMP Artemia salina Linnaeus, 1758 (Text)
TOXICITY OF AUTO-DETOXIFIED Jatropha curcas Linnaeus, 1753 KERNEL CAKE MIXTURES WITH BOVINE BLOOD (ADMJKC/BB) USING BRINE SHRIMP Artemia salina Linnaeus, 1758 (Other)
HTML Summary of #35 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">TOXICITY OF AUTO-DETOXIFIED Jatropha curcas Linnaeus, 1753 KERNEL CAKE MIXTURES WITH BOVINE BLOOD (ADMJKC/BB) USING BRINE SHRIMP Artemia salina Linnaeus, 1758</epc:when>
In present study, brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.) was used to determine the toxicity of auto-detoxified Jatropha kernel cake (JKC) mixed with bovine blood (ADMJKC/bb). The powdered-JKC was mixed with bovine blood (bb) at three ratios (1:1=X, 2:1=Y and 3:1=Z of JKC: bb) and the resultant mixtures processed using four protocols: Heated, Spread Dry = 1, Unheated Spread Dry = 2, Heated Spread Remoisten to 66 dry matter (DM) = 3 and Unheated Spread Remoistened to 66 DM = 4). The resultant 12 treatment combinations (X1, X2, X3, X4, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4) were placed in a Solar J. curcas auto-detoxification apparatus from where samples were retrieved periodically and evaluated for detoxification using the brine shrimp lethality test. There were no significant differences within the same ratio of mixes among the four protocols. However, there was a tendency for mean LC50 values to increase between the ratios. Specifically, Protocol 2 recorded a significant difference between X2 and Z2 treatments, having 1:1 and 3:1 JKC: bb mixes respectively. Upon ranking the level of auto-detoxification, the most detoxified treatments (Z2 with LC50=4674 and Z4 with LC50 =3692) differed significantly from the least two (X1 with LC50=1383 and X2 with LC5o=1459). Addition of bovine blood to JKC increased the dynamics of JKC auto-detoxification, probably due to the presence of some innate auto-detoxifying microbial inoculum and bovine blood which boost the rapid growth, development and succession of these microbes. Thus combining JKC with bovine blood is complementary for JKC auto-detoxification, with the most detoxified ingredients (Z2, Z4 and Y3) appearing most suitable for further development and testing as feed ingredient for farm animals. © 2021, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All rights reserved.
TOXICITY OF AUTO-DETOXIFIED Jatropha curcas Linnaeus, 1753 KERNEL CAKE MIXTURES WITH BOVINE BLOOD (ADMJKC/BB) USING BRINE SHRIMP Artemia salina Linnaeus, 1758
Stem cells: source and therapeutic application (Text)
Stem cells: source and therapeutic application (Other)
JLSB 11(1) 01-12, 2021-Stem cells source and therapeutic application.pdf
HTML Summary of #561 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Stem cells: source and therapeutic application</epc:when>
Introduction. Stem cells spontaneously renovate themselves into a specialized adult cell type. These defining characteristics have a lot of advantages in stem cell-based therapies. The two key types of stem cells are pluripotent and multipotent, which can differentiate to various cells in the adult body and only restricted cell types, respectively. Currently, Stem cell treatment is now very promising, bringing tremendous promise for medical medicine by offering treatments for untreatable disorders. Regulated laboratory steps of stem cell development and derivation are needed to ensure the genesis of stem cells. Besides, before implementation, stem cells should undergo quality control and teratoma development tests, which are necessary to determine their properties. While progress in the clinical use of stem cells is being made, there are still barriers to stem cell therapy being embraced internationally. Aim. The biology, cell sources, characteristics, differentiation, therapeutic application potential and manipulation achievement are discussed.
Stem cells: source and therapeutic application
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF PROBIOTIC, PHYTOBIOTICS OR THEIR COMBINATION ON PERFORMANCE, BLOOD INDICES AND JEJUNAL MORPHOLOGY OF LAYING HENS DURING POST PEAK PRODUCTION (Text)
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF PROBIOTIC, PHYTOBIOTICS OR THEIR COMBINATION ON PERFORMANCE, BLOOD INDICES AND JEJUNAL MORPHOLOGY OF LAYING HENS DURING POST PEAK PRODUCTION (Other)
HTML Summary of #33 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF PROBIOTIC, PHYTOBIOTICS OR THEIR COMBINATION ON PERFORMANCE, BLOOD INDICES AND JEJUNAL MORPHOLOGY OF LAYING HENS DURING POST PEAK PRODUCTION</epc:when>
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus), phytobiotics (bay leaves, onion peel and garlic peel) or their combination on blood parameters, morphology of digestive tract and performance of laying hens. The experiment used 144 laying hens aged 72 weeks old, and divided into 6 treatments including Ctl (basal feed as control); Pr (basal feed + 1.2 mL/day of probiotic L. acidophilus); Ph2 (basal diet + 2 phytobiotic of diet); PrPh2 (basal diet + 1.2 mL/day probiotic + 2 phytobiotic); PrPh4 (basal diet +1.2 mL/day probiotic + 4 phytobiotic) and PrPh6 (basal diet + 1.2 mL/day probiotic + 6 phytobiotic). Feed intake and egg mass were weekly recorded. One chick from each replicate was blood sampled and then slaughtered for data collection. Results showed that treatments had no effect on hemoglobin, erythrocyte and leukocyte of hens. The control hens had higher levels of cholesterol and LDL than that of PrPh2, PrPh4 and PrPh6 hens. HDL level tended to be higher in PrPh2 and PrPh4 as compared to control hens. Compared to control, the villi height of jejunum was higher in the treated hens, with PrPh4 had the highest villi height. Ileal protein digestibility tended to be higher in the treated than that in control hens. Also, there was a clear tendency that feed conversion ratio was lower in the treated hens than that of control. In conclusion, the combined use of probiotics and phytobiotics improved physiological condition, ileal histomorphology, ileal protein digestibility and feed conversion of laying hens during post peak production. © 2021, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All rights reserved.
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF PROBIOTIC, PHYTOBIOTICS OR THEIR COMBINATION ON PERFORMANCE, BLOOD INDICES AND JEJUNAL MORPHOLOGY OF LAYING HENS DURING POST PEAK PRODUCTION
EFFECT OF LACTATION LENGTH AND LITTER SIZE ON MILK COMPOSITION OF BOER GOAT WITHIN ONE MONTH OF PARTURITION (Text)
EFFECT OF LACTATION LENGTH AND LITTER SIZE ON MILK COMPOSITION OF BOER GOAT WITHIN ONE MONTH OF PARTURITION (Other)
HTML Summary of #36 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF LACTATION LENGTH AND LITTER SIZE ON MILK COMPOSITION OF BOER GOAT WITHIN ONE MONTH OF PARTURITION</epc:when>
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of lactation length and litter size on the milk composition of Boer goats. Milk samples from 23 lactating Boer goats reared in NLBO (National Livestock Breeding Office), Pokhara, Nepal, were collected and analyzed in a laboratory present within a farm. Goats were reared under the same environment and provided with similar care and management. Lactation length showed a non-significant effect on fat content in the milk whereas all other constituents were influenced significantly. Similarly, litter size showed a significant effect on the freezing point of milk only. Litter size and all milk constituents were negatively correlated. However, Litter size and freezing point showed moderately strong correlation. Twinning did not significant influence fat, protein, lactose and solids nonfat content of goat milk. All constituents were weakly correlated to litter size however freezing point showed moderately strong correlation. Thus, more focus must be given to the nutritional management of triplets and twins to improve their growth rate compared to a single kid. © 2021, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All rights reserved.
EFFECT OF LACTATION LENGTH AND LITTER SIZE ON MILK COMPOSITION OF BOER GOAT WITHIN ONE MONTH OF PARTURITION
BIOMASS YIELD AND QUALITY OF FODDER FROM SELECTED VARIETIES OF LABLAB (Lablab Purpureus L) IN NANDI SOUTH SUB-COUNTY OF KENYA (Text)
BIOMASS YIELD AND QUALITY OF FODDER FROM SELECTED VARIETIES OF LABLAB (Lablab Purpureus L) IN NANDI SOUTH SUB-COUNTY OF KENYA (Other)
HTML Summary of #38 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">BIOMASS YIELD AND QUALITY OF FODDER FROM SELECTED VARIETIES OF LABLAB (Lablab Purpureus L) IN NANDI SOUTH SUB-COUNTY OF KENYA</epc:when>
Low quality feeds is the main challenge ailing livestock production among the small-scale farmers in the tropics. Cheaper sources of alternative high quality fodder supplements are needed to improve livestock productivity. The objective of this study was to determine biomass yield and quality of fodder from selected lablab varieties. Eight lablab varieties namely, DL1002, Ngwara Nyeupe, Echo-Cream, Black-Rongai, EIdo-Kt-Cream, EIdo-Kt-Blackl, Brown Rongai and Eldo-Kt-Black2 were established in three sites of Nandi south sub county, Kenya. Randomized complete block design was used at farm level with four replications per site. Data on biomass yield, chemical composition and in vitro-dry matter digestibility of the eight lablab forages was collected. Biomass yield differed significantly among the lablab varieties ranging from 5.6-12.6 t DM/ha across the three sites. Highest biomass yield was recorded for Brown Rongai (12.6 t DM/ha) and lowest with DL1002 (5.6 t DM/ha). Crude protein (CP) content varied significantly between varieties with sites ranging from 19.6-23.9 g/100g. Highest CP was recorded with Eldo-Kt-Cream and Black Rongai (23.9 g/100g and 23.7 g/100g) across the three sites. For all the varieties, Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) ranged from 44.4-48.6 g/100g, acid detergent fibre (ADF) 31.6-35.7 g/100g and acid detergent lignin (ADL) 9.0-11.9 g/100g across the three sites. Highest NDF was recorded with DL1002 (48.6 g/100g), ADF with Eldoret-Kitale-Black2 (35.9 g/100g) and acid detergent lignin with DL1002 (11.7 g/100g). In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) varied significantly between varieties and sites ranging from 67.6-75.7 g/100g between the varieties across the three sites. Eldo-Kt-cream and Black Rongai had the highest IVDMD (75.7 and 74.4 g/100g) across the three sites. Eldoret-Kitale-Cream and Black Rongai varieties had better dry matter yield, crude protein and low fibre fractions compared to the other varieties signifying their potential to be recommended as supplement to low quality fodder by small-scale farmers. © 2021, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All rights reserved.
BIOMASS YIELD AND QUALITY OF FODDER FROM SELECTED VARIETIES OF LABLAB (Lablab Purpureus L) IN NANDI SOUTH SUB-COUNTY OF KENYA
EFFORTS, SUCCESSES AND CHALLENGES OF GREEN FEED PRODUCTION IN ETHIOPIA (Text)
EFFORTS, SUCCESSES AND CHALLENGES OF GREEN FEED PRODUCTION IN ETHIOPIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #34 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFORTS, SUCCESSES AND CHALLENGES OF GREEN FEED PRODUCTION IN ETHIOPIA</epc:when>
Improving the feed supply and digestibility of roughage through green feed supplementation was the aim of forage production in Ethiopia. In spite of the time-consumed efforts made, the success is still low. This review summarizes efforts, challenges, good practices and indicates where the focus of future efforts should be. The efforts made in improve forage production (IFP) includes selection of forage species and development strategies, preparation of extension manual, training of stakeholders, formulation of forage seed production system, and introduction of hydroponic fodder. As a result farmers increased milk production and reduce feed cost by 20 and 40 , respectively, and fatten ruminants in 2 to 3 cycles per year as a result of improved forage use. However, there is no management model for communal grazing land. IFP constrained by long dry period, scarcity of land, irrigation and the subsistence system of livestock production and the free grazing practice. Consequently, the communal grazing lands are devastatingly overstocked and degraded, livestock become dependent on crop residues, IFP practice remains low and livestock feed deficit is common. Therefore, it is recommended that future efforts should focus on designing communal grazing land tenure model and development package. Green forge production (GFP) should concentrate on livestock excluded areas and tree legumes to produce green feed in the dry period. GFP best practices should be expanded to the areas similar to that the practices found effective. Reduce feed deficit by improving crop production to increase the crop residue and the grain yield. The subsistence system of production should be transformed into market-oriented by introducing a technology package that reduces young stock mortality, increases fertility, calf/ lamb crop and livestock offtake rate. Technical simplicity and cost-effectiveness, of the hydroponic fodder system, should be assessed before implemented in a wider setting. © 2021, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All rights reserved.
EFFORTS, SUCCESSES AND CHALLENGES OF GREEN FEED PRODUCTION IN ETHIOPIA
HTML Summary of #712 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">NUTRITIVE VALUE OF Gymnarchus niloticus AND Heterotis niloticus</epc:when>
Major aspects of flesh nutritive value of Gymnarchus niloticus and Heterotis niloticus were studied in present research work. The body yield of H. niloticus followed the following decreasing order; fillet, head, skeleton, skin and viscera while in G. niloticus it is fillet, skeleton, head, skin and viscera. The fillet yield was found to be 46.9 in G. niloticus and 42.3 in H. niloticus. The length weight relationship, body weight and yield weight were significantly correlated in both species. Both species showed relatively high fat content. Significant negative correlations were found between moisture and ash in H. niloticus and between moisture and fat in G. niloticus. On the basis of nutritional value (fat/protein) ratio of H. niloticus recorded 1:11.69, while the calculated caloric value of H. niloticus was found to be 308.572 kcal/g and 253.474 kcal/g for G. niloticus. Present study provides a base line data on yield indices, chemical composition and nutritional value of these species and considered both species as a good source of food with high nutritive value. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
Phytobiotics in Poultry Industry as Growth Promoters, Antimicrobials and Immunomodulators – A Review (Text)
Phytobiotics in Poultry Industry as Growth Promoters, Antimicrobials and Immunomodulators – A Review (Other)
HTML Summary of #84 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Phytobiotics in Poultry Industry as Growth Promoters, Antimicrobials and Immunomodulators – A Review</epc:when>
Due to the hazardous use of antimicrobials in poultry production sector, development of drug resistance have become a worldwide problem. Therefore, using biotic or natural products, such as phytobiotics (phytogenics or botanicals) have received a great attention as antibiotic substitutes. The use of phytobiotics or their constituents have been considered as a relatively new class of natural herbs that gained popularity and acceptability among poultry farmers. The incorporation of several types of phytobiotic additives in poultry feed have proved their ability to enhance the productive performance of broilers as well as layers. Moreover, phytbiotics presented great efficacy in counteracting intestinal pathogenic microorganism while maintaining the population of normal inhabitant beneficial microflora. Immunostimulatory effect on both humoral and cellular immunity as well as antioxidant properties were recorded as characters of phytobiotics. Therefore, this review article aimed to give a spotlight on the uses of different types of phytobiotics as poultry dietary additives to improve the productive parameters, reduce the pathogenic intestinal bacteria, and potentiate the immune response, especially after vaccination processes.
Phytobiotics in Poultry Industry as Growth Promoters, Antimicrobials and Immunomodulators – A Review
Impact of In-Ovo Injection of Folic Acid and Glucose on Hatchability, and Post-Hatching Performance of Broiler Chicken (Text)
Impact of In-Ovo Injection of Folic Acid and Glucose on Hatchability, and Post-Hatching Performance of Broiler Chicken (Other)
HTML Summary of #349 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Impact of In-Ovo Injection of Folic Acid and Glucose on Hatchability, and Post-Hatching Performance of Broiler Chicken</epc:when>
The present study was designed to investigate the impact of in-ovo injection of folic acid and glucose on hatching eggs from 55 weeks old broiler breeders. A total number of 900 hatching eggs were collected from Arbor Acres broiler breeders, then, eggs were divided into 6 groups including 1) Negative Control (non-injected, NC), 2) Dry Punch Control (pricked without injecting any solution, DPC), 3) Positive Control (eggs were injected with 0.5 mL normal saline, PC), 4) Folic Acid group (eggs were injected with 0.2 mg/ egg folic acid, FA), 5) Glucose group (eggs were injected with 125 mg/ egg glucose, Glu), and 6) Folic Acid with Glucose group (eggs were injected with 0.2 mg folic acid with 125 mg/ egg glucose, FA+Glu). Each treatment was divided into five replicates of 30 eggs each. Eggs were injected into the albumen under the air sac. After in-ovo injection, the eggs were stored for four days before hatching. After hatching, the chickens were reared in groups according to the treatments. All treatments were divided into 10 replications of 9 chickens in each. In-ovo injection with folic acid decreased the albumen pH significantly to 9.19 after 4 days of injection, while the negative control was 9.43. Hatching quality was severely affected by all in-ovo injection treatments, but no significant differences were found between the treatment groups concerning the hatchability of fertile eggs. Injection treatments had no significant effect on the growth rate or the production number in any of the weeks. Injection of folic acid and (FA+Glu) significantly increased chickens’ body weight at two and four weeks of age. Also, the dressing percentage when using folic acid and (FA+Glu) was significantly increased to 72.1% and 72.5%, respectively, compared to the positive control group (68.3%). In conclusion, our data suggested that in-ovo injection with a mixture of folic acid and glucose (0.2 mg folic acid+ 125 mg/ egg glucose) could be used to enhance carcass characteristics. Further studies should be conducted to find the effects of in-ovo injection folic acid and glucose on different incubation days and at different sites of injection.
Impact of In-Ovo Injection of Folic Acid and Glucose on Hatchability, and Post-Hatching Performance of Broiler Chicken
Microbiological Studies on Naturally Present Bacteria in Camel and Buffalo Milk (Text)
Microbiological Studies on Naturally Present Bacteria in Camel and Buffalo Milk (Other)
HTML Summary of #351 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Microbiological Studies on Naturally Present Bacteria in Camel and Buffalo Milk</epc:when>
The aim of current study was to isolate and identify naturally occurring probiotic Lactobacillus species in buffalo milk, camel milk, and camel urine to investigate their susceptibility to antibiotics and their antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. A total number of seven samples which included three milk samples from buffalo, three milk samples from camel, and one urine sample from camel were collected and used in this study. The samples were cultured, and 18 isolated strains were identified by using 16S rRNA multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction analysis, which was performed following DNA extraction from the isolated bacteria. Buffalo and camel milk were different in their Lactobacilli content. All Lactobacilli strains that were found in both camel milk and camel urine, were also found in buffalo milk, Lactobacilli strains in camel milk and urine were generally more resistant to the antibiotic. Lactobacilli isolated from buffalo milk, camel milk, and also camel urine presented variable degrees of antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Further studies should be conducted with more samples to gain more information in the field of antibacterial activity of probiotic lactobacilli and to understand the mechanisms of their activity. Hopefully, they can be used as natural alternatives instead of synthetic antibiotics.
Microbiological Studies on Naturally Present Bacteria in Camel and Buffalo Milk
Incidence of Appendicular Bone Fracture in Dogs and Cats: Retrospective Study at Veterinary Hospital of Cairo University and some Private Clinics in Egypt (Text)
Incidence of Appendicular Bone Fracture in Dogs and Cats: Retrospective Study at Veterinary Hospital of Cairo University and some Private Clinics in Egypt (Other)
HTML Summary of #354 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Incidence of Appendicular Bone Fracture in Dogs and Cats: Retrospective Study at Veterinary Hospital of Cairo University and some Private Clinics in Egypt</epc:when>
Appendicular bone fractures in small animal practice constitute a major challenge facing veterinary orthopedic surgeons concerning affected limb and bone as well as the extent of tissue damage, site, and shape of the fracture line. Therefore, this retrospective study was designed to provide descriptive data at referral veterinary teaching hospital, faculty of veterinary medicine, Cairo University, and some private pet clinics in Cairo district, Egypt to identify and determine the prevalence of appendicular fractures arising from trauma in dogs and cats treated from January 2017 to January 2020, and emphasizing the information that characterized the population (breed, age, gender, and animal size). The investigated fractures were classified according to the specific limb (forelimbs / hind limbs), specific bone fractures (Humerus, radius and ulna, femur, tibia and fibula, and the other bones), extent of tissue damage (open or closed and incomplete or complete), site (proximal, diaphyseal or distal zones), number (single or comminuted), and the direction of the fracture line (transverse, oblique or spiral). From the obtained data, it could be concluded that there was a high incidence of the appendicular long bones concerning the different bone fractures with significantly higher records in dogs, compared to cats. The highest records of fracture were in mongrel dogs, and cats as rescued animals. Excluding mongrel dogs and cats, the highest incidence of fracture-cases in dogs was recorded in Miniature breeds and svelte breeds for cats. Male dogs and cats showed a higher incidence than females. The bone fracture mostly occurred in dogs younger than one-year-old, and cats aged one to three years. A fracture in the hindlimbs was more significant than forelimbs with the highest incidence in femoral bone among both dogs and cats. The percentage of open fractures were more common in cats than dogs. Incomplete fractures were recorded more frequently in dogs than cats. In dogs, the most common fractures in the femur, tibia/fibula, humerus, and radius/ulna were complete comminuted diaphyseal femoral, complete oblique diaphyseal tibial/fibular, complete transverse distal humoral, and complete transverse diaphyseal radial/ulnar fractures respectively. Moreover, cats were complete transverse distal femoral, complete oblique diaphyseal tibial/fibular, complete spiral diaphyseal humoral, and complete transverse distal radial/ulnar fractures. In conclusion, appendicular bone fracture among dogs and cats referred to the veterinary teaching hospital, Cairo University and some private clinics in Egypt showed high incidence (87% in dogs and 71.8% in cats) out of total fracture cases and this incidence correlated with some predisposing factors (including breeds, weight, age, and gender) and causative agents that resulted in different types of appendicular fractures.
Incidence of Appendicular Bone Fracture in Dogs and Cats: Retrospective Study at Veterinary Hospital of Cairo University and some Private Clinics in Egypt
Immune-Complex Infectious Bursal Disease Virus versus Live Attenuated Vaccines to Protect SPF Chicken against Very Virulent Virus Challenge (Text)
Immune-Complex Infectious Bursal Disease Virus versus Live Attenuated Vaccines to Protect SPF Chicken against Very Virulent Virus Challenge (Other)
HTML Summary of #90 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Immune-Complex Infectious Bursal Disease Virus versus Live Attenuated Vaccines to Protect SPF Chicken against Very Virulent Virus Challenge</epc:when>
In this study infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccinations were evaluated against very virulent IBD (vvIBDV) challenge and were compared. A total of 120-day-old white Leghorn SPF chickens were divided into 6 groups (each was 20 birds). Two groups were vaccinated on either day 1 with an immune-complex vaccine. The second groups were vaccinated at days 9 and 14 of age using intermediate and intermediate plus IBD vaccines, respectively the balance groups are controls. All vaccines were administered according to the manufacturer's instructions. The challenge was conducted on the 16 days of age using 105 EID50 /0.1 ml of a vvIBDV strain via the oculonasal route. The antibody immune response was monitored in all groups at 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of age. The performance, bursal gross lesions, challenge virus detection, and bursal histopathology were evaluated in vaccinated non challenged and vaccinated challenged birds at days 21 and 28 of age. All vaccinated groups were protected against the vvIBDV challenge compared to 40% mortality in the challenge control group. Both the immune-complex and live attenuated IBD vaccine groups showed similar bursa body weight (BB) ratios compared to the negative control group. The immune-complex vaccinated groups antibody titers were significantly higher except on 28th day of age. Upon challenge, the intermediate/intermediate plus vaccinated challenged group showed higher antibody titers at 21 and 35th with the challenge virus detection and quantification on day 28. The immune-complex vaccinated challenged group developed milder bursal histopathology signs but no differences between the 2 vaccine programs were seen. It can be understandable, the use of either immune-complex vaccine at day-old or early vaccination with intermediate followed by intermediate plus live attenuated IBD vaccines induced protective antibody titers and protect chickens against an early vvIBDV challenge. The suggested schedules need further evaluation in commercial broilers with maternal derived IBD antibodies to simulate ﬁeld conditions.
Immune-Complex Infectious Bursal Disease Virus versus Live Attenuated Vaccines to Protect SPF Chicken against Very Virulent Virus Challenge
Coxiella Burnetii in Horses of Algeria: Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors (Text)
Coxiella Burnetii in Horses of Algeria: Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors (Other)
HTML Summary of #371 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Coxiella Burnetii in Horses of Algeria: Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors</epc:when>
The Q fever is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii (an obligate intracellular bacterium). This pathogen affects humans, ruminants, equines, carnivores, rodents, and birds. A cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2017 to May 2018 to assess the seroprevalence and identify the risk factors of C. burnetii infection in horses (Equus Caballus) residing in three districts of Algerian, namely Tiaret, El-Bayadh, and Ghardaia. Serum samples collected from 182 horses were analyzed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Association of seropositivity with potential risk factors related to animals (e.g., age, gender, breed, housing, and presence of ticks), breeding characteristics (e.g., geographical localization, contact with animals), and environmental characteristics (i.e., presence of water source) was analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. An overall seroprevalence of 9.9% (18/182) was obtained. The univariate analysis of risk factors for C. burnetii seroprevalence demonstrated higher seropositivity in horses that had contact with small ruminants (p=0.004) and dromedaries (p=0.002) as well as in those living near a water source (p=0.036) and in El-Bayadh district (p=0.005). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk of C. burnetii infection was significantly higher in horses that were in contact with small ruminants (RR: 15.6). Algeria is endemic for Q fever in horses and prophylactic measures must be taken to reduce /prevent its transmission to animals and humans.
Coxiella Burnetii in Horses of Algeria: Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors
Effect of Heat Stress on Developmental Competence of In Vitro Matured Oocytes of Camelus Dromedaries with Different Qualities (Text)
Effect of Heat Stress on Developmental Competence of In Vitro Matured Oocytes of Camelus Dromedaries with Different Qualities (Other)
HTML Summary of #375 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Heat Stress on Developmental Competence of In Vitro Matured Oocytes of Camelus Dromedaries with Different Qualities</epc:when>
The deleterious effect of heat stress on cumulus-oocytes complexes (COCs) competence is well recognized in different livestock species. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of physiologically relevant heat stress on the developmental competence of camel COCs during in vitro maturation (IVM). A total of 1548 COCs were divided into six groups in this study. The groups were named K1 and K2 representing good and low-quality COCs incubated at 38.5oC for 30 hours. While K3 and k4 represent good and low-quality COCs exposed to 41oC for the first 6 hours of IVM. Finally, K5 and k6 represent the groups of good and low-quality COCs exposed to 42oC for the first 6 hours of IVM. After exposure of COCs to heat stress at 41°C and 42°C during the first 6 hours of in vitro maturation, the COCs were incubated at 38.5°C for 24 hours of IVM. The in vitro matured COCs were activated to cleave using ethanol followed by 4 mM 6-DMAP and developed embryos were cultured in vitro for 7 days post parthenogenetic activation. The results of this study indicated that heat stress at 42oC significantly decreased the Pb (polar body) extrusion rate in K4 and K6, compared to other groups. Additionally, the embryo cleavage rate was significantly lower for good and low-quality oocytes exposed to heat stress (K2, K3, K4, K5, and K6), compared to good quality COCs of the control group (K1). The cleavage rate was lower for low quality (K2; 63 ± 1.28) than good quality COCs (K1; 53 ± 1.85). The percentages of oocytes that developed to the blastocyst stage were lower for K2, K3, K4, K5, and K6 than K1. Moreover, the blastocyst rate was lower for K2 (9 ± 0.22) than K1 (15 ± 0.22). The results of this study indicated that exposure of camel oocytes to heat stress for 6 hours during in vitro maturation severely reduced extrusion of polar body, cleavage, and blastocyst rates. The low-quality camel COCs were reduced developmental capacity than good quality oocytes.
Effect of Heat Stress on Developmental Competence of In Vitro Matured Oocytes of Camelus Dromedaries with Different Qualities
Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella spp. Isolated from Apparently Healthy Pigeons in a Live Bird Market in Chattogram, Bangladesh (Text)
Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella spp. Isolated from Apparently Healthy Pigeons in a Live Bird Market in Chattogram, Bangladesh (Other)
HTML Summary of #394 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella spp. Isolated from Apparently Healthy Pigeons in a Live Bird Market in Chattogram, Bangladesh</epc:when>
Multidrug-resistant Salmonella could pose a severe public health threat. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and some antibiotic-resistant genes in Salmonella spp. isolated from pigeons in a live bird market, Chattogram, Bangladesh. A total of 100 cloacal swab samples were collected aseptically from apparently healthy pigeons in the live bird market, namely Riazuddin Bazar in Chattogram city, Bangladesh. Different bacteriological and biochemical tests were used for the isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. The susceptibility test of Salmonella isolates to different antibiotics was performed by the disk diffusion method. PCR assay using specific primers was used for antibiotic resistance genes detection. The results indicated that the prevalence of Salmonella spp. was 29% in sampled birds. The highest antibiotic resistance rate was found to be ampicillin (93.1%), followed by both sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and tetracycline (86.2%). In contrast, 65.5% of isolates were found sensitive to ciprofloxacin, followed by colistin (62.1%), kanamycin (55.2%), and gentamicin (48.3%). 96.6% of Salmonella isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant and harbored blaTEM, tetA, sul1, and sul2 genes. In conclusion, pigeons as carriers of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella spp. may pose a health risk to other birds and humans.
Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella spp. Isolated from Apparently Healthy Pigeons in a Live Bird Market in Chattogram, Bangladesh
Characteristics of Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Reared under Conventional and Free-range Systems (Text)
Characteristics of Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Reared under Conventional and Free-range Systems (Other)
HTML Summary of #153 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Characteristics of Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Reared under Conventional and Free-range Systems</epc:when>
Alternative chicken production systems have become popular in recent years due to animal welfare criteria and consumer’s perceptions. General beliefs express that the meat quality of chicken reared under free-range systems is better than that of chickens under conventional production conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the meat quality and carcass traits of chickens raised in conventional and free-range systems. Either conventional or free-range systems used meat-type Hubbard JA57 birds with a slaughter age of approximately 78 days. For assessing carcass traits and meat quality, six male chickens were selected from each system. The meat quality parameters, pH at 45 minutes, ultimate pH, color coordinates, drip loss, cooking loss, and water-holding capacity were measured. Furthermore, proximate parameters, such as crude protein, total fat, and crude ash were determined. There were no significant differences in main carcass yield and breast muscles between chickens reared in two systems, however, color values dramatically were influenced by rearing systems. Breast muscle samples from birds reared under the conventional system had a smaller hue angle and saturation value than those from the free-range birds. Moreover, the drip loss parameter was significantly higher in free-range chickens. The ash and protein contents of breast muscles were similar although raw breast meat from free-range birds had significantly lower fat content. The results prove that a free-range rearing system can modify the appearance, color values, and fat content of chicken meat and it can be a part of the interests of meat production consumers.
Characteristics of Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Reared under Conventional and Free-range Systems
Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Livestock and Residents of New Valley Governorate, Egypt (Text)
Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Livestock and Residents of New Valley Governorate, Egypt (Other)
HTML Summary of #402 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Livestock and Residents of New Valley Governorate, Egypt</epc:when>
Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease which is now considered endemic in most parts of Egypt. A cross-sectional study was carried out from December 2018 to February 2020 to investigate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in humans and livestock residing in two regions located in New Valley Governorate, Egypt. A total of 1254 animals (673 cattle, 348 sheep, and 233 goats) and 523 human serum samples were examined for brucellosis using Rose Bengal test (RBT) and then randomly selected sera (15 from cattle, 7 from sheep, 3 from goats, and 45 from humans) were further analyzed by complement fixation test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to compare and detect the sensitivity and specificity of RBT. The prevalence of brucellosis was 0% in cattle, sheep, and goats while it was 23.9% in humans using RBT. Concerning humans, there was a higher percentage of infection in EL Kharga (33.6%). The prevalence of this infection was also at a higher level among individuals aged above 40 years (28.57%). Furthermore, men (26.11%) were more inclined to be inflicted, compared to women (22.5%) with no significant difference. Considering the human occupation, abattoir workers were the most predominant group of people at risk (33.3%), followed by farmers (31.25%) and animal keepers (20.6%) while the lowest prevalence was demonstrated in the housewives where the prevalence was 18.8 %. As a result, risk factors of the age range, locality, time of infection, contact with animals, and occupational groups could significantly affect the prevalence of human brucellosis in the New Valley Governorate. In conclusion, brucellosis is an alarming problem among residents of the New Valley Governorate. Thus, reducing the prevalence in humans and animals in the region of study may include restriction of the marketing the raw milk and enhancing public health awareness.
Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Livestock and Residents of New Valley Governorate, Egypt
Coccidiosis: A Parasitic Disease of Significant Importance in Rabbits (Text)
Coccidiosis: A Parasitic Disease of Significant Importance in Rabbits (Other)
HTML Summary of #411 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Coccidiosis: A Parasitic Disease of Significant Importance in Rabbits</epc:when>
Rabbits are considered an important and healthy source of animal protein all over the world. They are susceptible to important diseases that can reduce their productivity, causing severe economic losses. Coccidiosis is one of the important protozoon diseases caused by Eimeria species. Rabbits are highly susceptible to coccidiosis, especially after weaning time. Coccidiosis in rabbits has two forms, namely hepatic and intestinal. Affected animals indicated the symptoms of diarrhea, reduced appetite, dehydration, and weight loss as well as liver and intestinal lesions. Diagnosis is based on the detection of the infective stages of the protozoon in feces or affected tissues. Prevention and control are achieved by adopting hygienic measures and using different anticoccidial drugs. The use of natural alternatives for the prophylaxis of coccidiosis in rabbits indicated promising results. Vaccine production trials are still under investigation. Accordingly, this review article aims to shed light on coccidiosis in rabbits considering pathology, diagnosis, and control.
Coccidiosis: A Parasitic Disease of Significant Importance in Rabbits
Identifying the Virulent Factors of Clostridium perfringens Locally Isolated from Different Species (Text)
Identifying the Virulent Factors of Clostridium perfringens Locally Isolated from Different Species (Other)
HTML Summary of #415 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Identifying the Virulent Factors of Clostridium perfringens Locally Isolated from Different Species</epc:when>
Clostridium perfringens incriminated in many diseases among different species of animals due to its ability to produce many virulence factors. In the current study, 135 intestinal samples were collected from different animal species of different localities in Egypt. Samples were subjected to isolation and identification (morphologically and biochemically) for obtaining Clostridium perfringens isolates (n=26, 19.25%). The PCR was carried out to elucidate the virulence factors. It was indicated that all the 26 Clostridium perfringens isolates had CPA gene and Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE gene), whereas 23% of isolates of chicken and cattle intestinal samples contained CPA, Net B, and CPE genes as virulence factors. Consequently, those isolates are highly recommended to be used in the preparation of enterotoxemia and necrotic enteritis vaccines as they are more virulent strains.
Identifying the Virulent Factors of Clostridium perfringens Locally Isolated from Different Species
Molecular Breeding of Three Genes Associated with Egg Production Traits in Three Strains of Chickens (Text)
Molecular Breeding of Three Genes Associated with Egg Production Traits in Three Strains of Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #185 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Molecular Breeding of Three Genes Associated with Egg Production Traits in Three Strains of Chickens</epc:when>
Breeding programs play an important role in increasing the performance of chickens. The poultry industry regards growth and reproduction as the two most economically valued characteristics for providing adequate animal proteins. Genetic variations are the basis of animal breeding. The present study was conducted on three genes, including Prolactin, 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase (HMGCR), and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor (GNRHR). DNA was isolated from 48 chickens taken from three strains Lohmann Brown (17), Sinai (24), and Gimmizah (7) for Prolactin, HMGCR, and GNRHR gene amplification by using the PCR protocol. Electrophoresis was performed on the PCR products and the bands were viewed on a transilluminator. The size of the Prolactin gene, HMGCR, and GNRHR were 154, 675, and 210 bp, respectively. For the Sinai strain, five bands for Prolactin, two bands for HMGCR, and six bands for GNRHR were found while for the Lohmann Brown strain, five bands of Prolactin gene, three bands for HMGCR, and five bands for GNRHR were found. Regarding the Gimizah strain, two bands were found for Prolactin and GNRHR genes and there was only one band for the HMGCR gene. The Lohmann Brown strain respectively matured 13 and 91 earlier than Gimizah and Sinai strains with a higher egg number during the first 90 days.
Molecular Breeding of Three Genes Associated with Egg Production Traits in Three Strains of Chickens
S-Methyl Cysteine Protective Effects in Oreochromis Niloticus Fish Contaminated by Thiobencarb Herbicide (Text)
S-Methyl Cysteine Protective Effects in Oreochromis Niloticus Fish Contaminated by Thiobencarb Herbicide (Other)
HTML Summary of #418 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">S-Methyl Cysteine Protective Effects in Oreochromis Niloticus Fish Contaminated by Thiobencarb Herbicide</epc:when>
Thiobencarb which is a carbamate herbicide is used for managing undesirable weeds during rice cultivation in Egypt. This study was designed to investigate the adverse effects of a field dose of thiobencarb on Nile tilapia and ameliorating the role of the low dose of S-methyl cysteine (SMC). Experimental fishes were divided into four groups; first group was reared without any treatments and served as a control group; the second group was exposed to thiobencarb (36µg/L); the third group was fed on a commercial feed containing 200 mg of SMC/Kg in conjunction with thiobencarb added to aquarium (36µg/L) while, the fourth group was fed on a feed containing 200 mg of SMC/Kg only. Fishes were sacrificed at the end of the experimental course (two months) and sampling was carried out. Catalase, Glutathione S Transferase activities, Glutathione reduced, and Malondialdhyde levels were assayed. Genotoxic effect of thiobencarb and SMC on treated fish was investigated in erythrocytes, gills, and liver tissues using micronucleus and comet assay. Histopathological examination of livers, gills, and brain was also carried out. The results indicated that fish exposed to thiobencarb indicated herbicide dependent oxidative stress and genotoxic effect justified by a significant difference in antioxidant biomarkers as well as nuclear abnormalities and comet parameters compared to control values. Moreover, histopathological findings were in line with other results. SMC ameliorated the adverse effects which were effective in the improvement of DNA and oxidative damage in thiobencarb intoxicated fish.
S-Methyl Cysteine Protective Effects in Oreochromis Niloticus Fish Contaminated by Thiobencarb Herbicide
The Effect of Dietary Administration of Virgin Coconut oil on Differential Leukocytes in Infected Chicken with Eimeria tenella (Text)
The Effect of Dietary Administration of Virgin Coconut oil on Differential Leukocytes in Infected Chicken with Eimeria tenella (Other)
HTML Summary of #192 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effect of Dietary Administration of Virgin Coconut oil on Differential Leukocytes in Infected Chicken with Eimeria tenella</epc:when>
Coccidiosis is the main problem in poultry diseases. It is caused by the parasite Eimeria tenella, which induce the immune response of leukocyte. Anticoccidial drugs are administered in the poultry feed to control coccidiosis. However, taking medication for a long time can lead to resistance. Recent studies have indicated that Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) has some benefits, including anti-inflammatory effects. The present research aimed to identify the effect of VCO at the different doses in improving the various leukocyte counts of chickens infected with E. tenella. Male chickens were divided into five groups (T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4) and treated for 28 days. T0 was neither infected with E. tenella nor get treatment, T1 was only infected with E. tenella, T2 was treated with 5 ml/kg VCO feed and had E. tenella infection, T3 was treated with 10 ml/kg VCO feed and had E. tenella infection, and T4 was treated 20ml/kg VCO feed and had E. tenella infection. Differential leukocyte was counted with a blood cell counter. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results indicated that a dose of 10 ml/kg feed and 20ml/kg feed of VCO could improve the differential leukocyte counts of chickens infected with E. tenella by maintaining the counts of basophil, eosinophil, heterophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte in the normal range. The present study concluded that VCO by a dose of more than 10 ml/kg would improve the differential leukocyte counts of chickens infected with E. tenella.
The Effect of Dietary Administration of Virgin Coconut oil on Differential Leukocytes in Infected Chicken with Eimeria tenella
Effect of L-Carnitine and Yeast Chromium Supplementation on Productive Performance in Pekin and Sudani Duckling during Growth Period (Text)
Effect of L-Carnitine and Yeast Chromium Supplementation on Productive Performance in Pekin and Sudani Duckling during Growth Period (Other)
HTML Summary of #447 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of L-Carnitine and Yeast Chromium Supplementation on Productive Performance in Pekin and Sudani Duckling during Growth Period</epc:when>
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine and Yeast chromium supplementation on the productive performance of Pekin and Sudani duckling breeds. A total number of 450 both unsexed Pekin and Sudani ducklings (225 per each breed) one-day-old were investigated in the current study. The experimental period lasted 12 weeks of age. Experimental ducklings were randomly divided into the 5 equal treatments with 90 ducklings (45 number from both Pekin and Sudani ducklings per each). Each experimental treatment was randomly divided into 3 equal replicates of 30 ducklings (15 ducklings in each breed). The five experimental treatments were as follows: the first treatment was the control with basal diets, treatments 2 and 3 received basal diets supplemented with 300 and 450 mg/kg diet L-carnitine (LC), respectively, while treatments 4 and 5 received basal diets supplemented with 400 and 600 μg/kg diets Yeast chromium (Cr), respectively. The results indicated that growing duckling fed diets supplemented with LC and Cr were significantly improved in live body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. The relative weight of carcass quality and weight of lymphoid organs significantly increased with supplemented diets. Therefore, both duckling breeds fed on diets supplemented with 450 mg LC/kg resulted in better performance without any adverse effect on carcass quality as well as economic efficiency.
Effect of L-Carnitine and Yeast Chromium Supplementation on Productive Performance in Pekin and Sudani Duckling during Growth Period
Effect of principals full range of leadership on student learning achievement: a survey of Nepali private schools (Text)
Effect of principals full range of leadership on student learning achievement: a survey of Nepali private schools (Other)
HTML Summary of #1010 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of principals full range of leadership on student learning achievement: a survey of Nepali private schools</epc:when>
Nepali institutional schools are considered as good performing institutions based on their academic performance. For the school performance, principal's leadership role is pertinent. The objective of this study was to examine three leadership behaviors of Full Range of Leadership: transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership in order to find their effect on student learning achievement. The data, using leadership survey questionnaire, were collected from 121 schools of three districts across the country. The findings yielded from the statistical analysis show that the principals exhibit higher level of transformational leadership as compared to transactional leadership and laissez-faire leadership. Both transformational and transactional leadership behaviors were significant predictors of student learning achievement. Relatively, principals' transactional leadership was more effective.
Effect of principals full range of leadership on student learning achievement: a survey of Nepali private schools
Phenotypic Correlations among Various Egg Quality Traits in Pearl Grey, Lavender, Royal Purple, and White Varieties of Helmeted Guinea Fowl (Text)
Phenotypic Correlations among Various Egg Quality Traits in Pearl Grey, Lavender, Royal Purple, and White Varieties of Helmeted Guinea Fowl (Other)
HTML Summary of #249 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Phenotypic Correlations among Various Egg Quality Traits in Pearl Grey, Lavender, Royal Purple, and White Varieties of Helmeted Guinea Fowl</epc:when>
Guinea fowls are increasingly popular in Botswana since they not only provide an alternative to access protein in the form of eggs and meat but also become a good source of income for the peasants. There are different varieties of Guinea fowl in Botswana, including pearl grey, lavender, royal purple, and white. Indeed, there is a need to conduct more studies related to the phenotypic correlations among egg quality traits in different varieties of helmeted guinea fowl found in Botswana. Therefore, the present study was targeted toward the evaluation of both the external and internal quality characteristics of the four different varieties of the domesticated helmeted guinea fowl found in Botswana. In this regard, a total of 150 eggs were collected from the so-called varieties of domesticated helmeted guinea fowl. The egg weight was positively and significantly correlated with egg length, egg width, shell weight, egg surface area, and egg volume; however, the egg weight was negatively correlated with egg shape index. Of the four varieties of domesticated helmeted guinea fowl found in Botswana, the white variety had the strongest correlation coefficients with various external egg quality traits and different internal egg quality characteristics. The lavender variety had the highest correlation coefficients with internal and external egg quality traits. It seems that the selection for higher egg weight as is the case in the current egg grading system can lead to the greatest improvements in other egg quality characteristics in the white and lavender varieties, compared to the pearl grey and royal purple varieties. Therefore, the lavender and white varieties are the potential candidates for the possible selection of layer-type guinea fowl varieties.
Phenotypic Correlations among Various Egg Quality Traits in Pearl Grey, Lavender, Royal Purple, and White Varieties of Helmeted Guinea Fowl
Effect of Amphora coffeaeformis and Star anise as Dietary Supplementson the Immunity and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens (Text)
Effect of Amphora coffeaeformis and Star anise as Dietary Supplementson the Immunity and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #256 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Amphora coffeaeformis and Star anise as Dietary Supplementson the Immunity and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
The present study was designed to evaluate the impacts of daily dietssupplemented with Amphora coffeaeformis and Star anise on growth performance and immunity of Cobb broiler chickens. Amphora coffeaeformis is considered a potent free radical scavenger due to the presence of β-carotene and fucoxanthin, which are used widely as food additives. Star Anise has a natural antioxidant, which can also be used for the chemo-prevention of disease occurring due to oxidative deterioration. A total of 270 broiler chickens were divided into three groups, each with three replicates of 30 birds. The control group (G1) was given the basal diet, the Amphora group (G2) received Amphora in a dose of 1g/Kg in the ration, and the Star anise group (G3) received Star anise in a dose of 2g /Kg in the ration. The results indicated that Amphora and Star anise significantly improved the final body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio, total white blood cells count, phagocytic activity percentage, phagocytosis index in plasma, IgM, IgG, and A/G ratio in serum. In addition, Amphora and Star anise significantly increased mRNA expression of hepatic growth hormone gene, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) genes (IGF1), and mRNA expression of splenic interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and Interleukin 12 (IL-12p35) genes from broiler chickens, compared to the control group. In conclusion, the use of fed additives, such as Amphora coffeaeformisand Star anise in the diet of broiler chickens for 35 days was sufficient to improve broiler growth performance and could modulate their immunity.
Effect of Amphora coffeaeformis and Star anise as Dietary Supplementson the Immunity and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens
Reproductive Performance of Koekoek Chickens at Different Levels of Feed Restrictionsa (Text)
Reproductive Performance of Koekoek Chickens at Different Levels of Feed Restrictionsa (Other)
HTML Summary of #259 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Reproductive Performance of Koekoek Chickens at Different Levels of Feed Restrictionsa</epc:when>
The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of the feeding levels on the reproductive characteristics of Koekoek chickens. A total of 270 Koekoek chickens were randomly assigned to 4 feeding level treatments in a completely randomized design. The four feeding level treatments were fully fed during the rearing and laying phase (AA), fully fed during the rearing phase and restricted feeding during the laying phase (AR), restricted feeding during the rearing phase and fully fed during the laying phase (RA), and restricted both during the rearing and laying phase (RR). The General Linear Model procedure (SPSS software, version 17) was used to analyze the data set. The pubic bone measurements were 23.6, 25.1, 16.1, and 15.1 mm for chickens that received AA, AR, RA, and RR treatments, respectively, at 18 weeks of age. At 32 weeks of age, chickens given AA and RA treatments had wider pubic bones than chickens given AR and RR treatments. Combined ova and oviduct weights were higher in the fully fed chickens at 18 weeks of age. Koekoek chickens in AA treatment had the highest average egg production. Chickens given AR treatment had lower average egg weights than those given AA, AR, and RR treatments. Chickens treated with AA and AR reached puberty earlier than those that were treated with the RA and RR treatments. The eggs produced by chickens given RR treatment had a higher average hatching percentage. The lowest percentage of hatches was observed in chickens that were fed ad libitum during the rearing phase. In conclusion, the feed restriction only during the rearing phase improved the reproduction performance of Koekoek chickens.
Reproductive Performance of Koekoek Chickens at Different Levels of Feed Restrictionsa
Seroprevalence of Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H5 among Poultry Workers of Central Traditional Markets in Indonesia (Text)
Seroprevalence of Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H5 among Poultry Workers of Central Traditional Markets in Indonesia (Other)
HTML Summary of #275 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Seroprevalence of Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H5 among Poultry Workers of Central Traditional Markets in Indonesia</epc:when>
Avian Influenza (AI) has been spread rapidly in almost all the provinces of Indonesia by the end of 2007, and it has become endemic. Avian Influenza viruses can be infecting to human from direct or indirect contact with the infected or dead poultry, and a visit to the wet poultry market in the neighborhood. Seroprevalence studies can be used to identify the clinical key, epidemiological studies, and the spread of AI viruses in humans. The aim of present study was to investigate the seroprevalence of Avian Influenza (AI) virus, subtype H5 among poultry workers at the central traditional market in industrial. To meet the mentioned demand, 26 blood samples were collected from the poultry workers via the median cubital vein. The antibody titer was examined using Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) assay using H5 antigen from duck licensed under A/Dk/Indonesia/AU-78/12 (H5N1) and three kinds of red blood cells taken from horse, chicken and guinea pig. The serum samples were added with Receptor Destroying Enzyme (RDE) with a ratio of 3:1 (v/v) for an overnight, and pretreated with 10% of red blood cells before the HI assay was conducted. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the percentage of seroprevalence of Avian Influenza (AI) virus, subtype H5 among poultry workers at central traditional market was 0%. Thirteen samples showed a negative result of the HI test. All of the workers’ blood serum obtained less than 24 antibody titer from the HI test. As the results showed, the research on the poultry workers in the traditional market was carried out, and it obtained negative results; all the workers were not infected with the Avian Influenza virus. In other words, Avian Influenza is not meaningful in poultry farm workers in Sidoarjo suburb traditional farms.
Seroprevalence of Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H5 among Poultry Workers of Central Traditional Markets in Indonesia
Polymorphism of the Prolactin Gene in Egyptian Duck Breeds (Text)
Polymorphism of the Prolactin Gene in Egyptian Duck Breeds (Other)
HTML Summary of #304 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Polymorphism of the Prolactin Gene in Egyptian Duck Breeds</epc:when>
In avian, the prolactin hormone triggers and regulates ovarian follicle development. This study aims to detect the Prolactin (PRL) gene polymorphisms (exons 1and5) in four Egyptian duck breeds, namely Campbell, Moulard, Muscovy, and Pekin using PCR-RFLP technique and sequence analysis. It also investigated the association of this gene with egg production, egg weight, and body weight. The present results revealed that PRL gene exon 1 and part of intron 1 showed two alleles A and B (polymorphic) in each of Campbell and Moulard, however, Muscovy and Pekin had only one allele (monomorphic). The allele A was more dominant with frequencies of 0.70, 0.60, and 1.00, compared to the allele B (0.30, 0.40, and 0.00) for Campbell, Moulard, and Muscovy, respectively. For Pekin, the allele B only appeared with the frequency of 1.0. Ducks with the high frequency of allele A were superior at egg weight, compared to others. Furthermore, for PRL gene exon 5, there were two alleles G and C (polymorphic) in Campbell, Moulard, and Muscovy, however, Pekin had only one allele (monomorphic). The allele G was more dominant (0.15, 0.74, 0.0, and 0.84) than the allele C (0.85, 0.26, 1.0, and 0.15) for Campbell, Moulard, Pekin, and Muscovy, respectively. Ducks having a high frequency of allele C were superior at egg production. Furthermore, there were many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the sequences in all breeds. The utmost ones exist at the restriction sites of XbaI enzyme for the amplified fragment, in the promotor, exon 1 and intron 1 (T378C in intron 1), and DraI enzyme for that in exon 5 (A5871G in exon 5).
Polymorphism of the Prolactin Gene in Egyptian Duck Breeds
Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Antifungal Resistance in Candida albicans Isolated from Raw Goat Milk (Text)
Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Antifungal Resistance in Candida albicans Isolated from Raw Goat Milk (Other)
HTML Summary of #524 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Antifungal Resistance in Candida albicans Isolated from Raw Goat Milk</epc:when>
The contamination of goat milk with pathogenic fungi can cause health hazards for the consumers either they consume it raw or even in the processed form. Since there are few studies concerning yeasts in raw goat milk, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of yeasts and isolate Candida albicans from raw goat milk samples. Also, this study determined the distribution of virulence genes and the antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida albicans isolates. A total of 30 goat milk samples (collected from free-grazing goats) were mycologically examined. The confirmed Candida albicans isolates were subjected to PCR assay to detect the virulence genes (SAP4, RAS1, ALS1, HWP1, and PLB1). Also, antifungal sensitivity testing was performed against the commercially available antifungal agents and probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum). The mycological examination revealed that 14 out of 30 (46.7%) goat milk samples were positive for yeasts and only 4 (13.3%) isolates were confirmed as Candida albicans. The results from the PCR assay showed that RAS1 and ALS1 were found in 4 (100%) isolates, HWP1 and SAP4 were found in 2 (50%) isolates, while PLB1 was not detected in tested Candida albicans isolates (0%). Antifungal sensitivity testing results showed that ketoconazole gave the best activity against Candida albicans isolates, followed by fluconazole, nystatin, and itraconazole. All isolates were resistant to terbinafine. Moreover, both Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum showed antifungal effects against Candida albicans, but Lactobacillus plantarum was more effective than Lactobacillus acidophilus. Antifungal resistance is a major problem that can lead to failure of candidiasis treatment. Regular antifungal sensitivity testing and searching for an alternative bio-eco-friendly approach for proper control and treatment of candidiasis are strongly needed to prevent treatment failure and emergence of resistant isolates.
Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Antifungal Resistance in Candida albicans Isolated from Raw Goat Milk
Peculiarities of Mineral Metabolism of Holstein Heifers’ Diet Supplemented with Copper Nanopowders (Text)
Peculiarities of Mineral Metabolism of Holstein Heifers’ Diet Supplemented with Copper Nanopowders (Other)
HTML Summary of #527 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Peculiarities of Mineral Metabolism of Holstein Heifers’ Diet Supplemented with Copper Nanopowders</epc:when>
The current study aimed to investigate the effect of copper nanopowder on physiological and mineral metabolism indicators of Holstein cattle during the growth process of the animal. There were two experimental groups (control and treatment) and each one included seven Holstein heifers. From the first month of each heifer in the experimental group, a suspension of copper nanoparticles in a dose of 0.04 mg/kg was orally administered daily to the usual diet. The biologically active additive was administered to the animal’s diet at intervals. The weight of the animals was measured monthly, a clinical blood test was performed, the mineral composition of the blood was studied, the mineral composition of animal hair was also examined. The findings indicated a positive dynamics in the increase of body weight in the treatment group, compared to the control group. As a result of clinical blood tests, it was noted that the number of erythrocytes, the level of hemoglobin, and hematocrit increased in the experimental animals due to copper nanoparticles compared to these parameters in these animals at the beginning of the tests. Mineral analysis of blood samples in the treatment group presented an increase in the levels of copper, potassium, iron, zinc, and manganese while in animals of the control groups there was an increase in sodium, calcium, and phosphorus. According to the blood serum and hair analysis, copper in the nanodispersed state indicated antagonistic effects on boron, silicon, antimony, molybdenum of the treatment group and there was a synergist in aluminum, titanium, manganese, cobalt, iron, and potassium levels compared to the beginning of the experiment. The obtained results indicated that the addition of copper nanopowder to the diet of experimental animals increased the growth, stimulated the function of hematopoiesis, and improved the characteristics of mineral metabolism of the Holstein heifers.
Peculiarities of Mineral Metabolism of Holstein Heifers’ Diet Supplemented with Copper Nanopowders
The Effect of Anchovy Fish Supplementation on the Level of N-3 LC-PUFA in Egg Yolk (Text)
The Effect of Anchovy Fish Supplementation on the Level of N-3 LC-PUFA in Egg Yolk (Other)
HTML Summary of #324 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effect of Anchovy Fish Supplementation on the Level of N-3 LC-PUFA in Egg Yolk</epc:when>
Since the recommended daily intake of n-3 LC-PUFA is rarely met, interest in food enrichment has been increasing. It is known that dietary supplementation could alter the level and type of PUFA in the egg. Hence, the present study focused on the enrichment of egg yolk by the addition of 10% anchovy fish to the chicken diet. Based on gas chromatography analysis, dried and pre-dried anchovy from Indonesia contained a considerable amount of total eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which was 60.10 g and 68.80 mg/100 g, respectively. After 24 days of anchovy supplementation, DHA-rich anchovy fish oil diet caused a significant increase of DHA but not EPA in egg yolk. Hens fed with anchovy could produce eggs with a higher amount of total EPA and DHA, which was up to 155.98-201.53%, as compared to control eggs. Furthermore, the sensory profile of control and enriched eggs was also evaluated. There was no significant difference in texture, aroma, flavor, and appearance between control and enriched eggs. In conclusion, this study indicated that anchovy fish supplementation could increase the level of EPA and DHA in egg yolk without causing any sensory changes in the yolk.
The Effect of Anchovy Fish Supplementation on the Level of N-3 LC-PUFA in Egg Yolk
Ultrastructural and Molecular Characterization of Sarcocystis Species Derived from Macroscopic Sarcocysts of Domestic Sheep and Goats in Soran City, Erbil, Iraq (Text)
Ultrastructural and Molecular Characterization of Sarcocystis Species Derived from Macroscopic Sarcocysts of Domestic Sheep and Goats in Soran City, Erbil, Iraq (Other)
HTML Summary of #530 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Ultrastructural and Molecular Characterization of Sarcocystis Species Derived from Macroscopic Sarcocysts of Domestic Sheep and Goats in Soran City, Erbil, Iraq</epc:when>
This study aimed to identify Sarcocystis species isolated from macroscopic sarcocysts from naturally infected domestic sheep and goats using the molecular method, as well as investigating the morphological and the ultrastructural characteristics of the isolated species. A total of 1000 esophagi were collected from sheep and goats and examined for the presence of sarcocysts. Macroscopic sarcocysts were isolated from the infected esophagi, and Sarcosystis species were identified molecularly by 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Moreover, the ultrastructure of the sarcocysts was investigated by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The macroscopic sarcocysts were detected in 9.1% (91/1000) of the esophagi. The results of electron microscopy indicated the characteristic features of the macroscopic sarcocysts. The cysts contained numerous merozoites and banana-shaped bradyzoites. The bradyzoites were characterized by possessing a double-membrane pellicle and consisted of a conoid in one of the apices, numerous micronemes, two rhoptries, as well as a long, convoluted mitochondrion, subterminal nucleus, and several amylopectin granules. The partial analysis of the 18S rRNA gene presented that all isolates produced bands of expected sizes on gel electrophoresis. The findings from the phylogenetic analysis revealed that the identified Sarcocystis species were most closely related to S. gigantea, S. moulei, and S. medusiformis. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time S. medusiformis has been recorded in goats. Goats and sheep can be proposed as alternative intermediate hosts for S. gigantea and S. moulei, respectively, cross-infection may also occur between them and the host specificity of these species of Sarcocystis is questionable.
Ultrastructural and Molecular Characterization of Sarcocystis Species Derived from Macroscopic Sarcocysts of Domestic Sheep and Goats in Soran City, Erbil, Iraq
Genome Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors in Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter fetus Subspecies Isolated from Sheath Wash (Text)
Genome Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors in Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter fetus Subspecies Isolated from Sheath Wash (Other)
HTML Summary of #536 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Genome Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors in Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter fetus Subspecies Isolated from Sheath Wash</epc:when>
Campylobacter fetus subspecies are mostly characterized by reproductions problems in cattle and sheep. This study aimed to study the genetic profile and assess the genes mechanism of resistance and their virulence factors using genome sequence analysis. A total of 59 confirmed Campylobacter fetus subspecies based on molecular assays and DNA sequencing were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against 14 antibiotic agents representing the five classes of antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. In addition, sequencing the genome of all strains induced complete resistance against all tested antibiotics. The results of the antimicrobial test indicated that 54.4% had a resistance profile, 26.3% were intermediate, while 19.3% were observed to be susceptible. The Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) result revealed the presence of different genes, such as Broad-specificity multidrug efflux pump and 16S rRNA (guanine527-N7)-methyltransferase (gidB), efflux pump conferring antibiotic resistance (MacA and MacB), protein-altering cell wall charge conferring antibiotic resistance (PgsA), which have never been reported in Campylobacter fetus subspecies. The WGS also revealed the presence of genes that involved in colonization, adhesion, motility, and invasion, such as type IV secretion system protein (VirD4), S-Layer, cytolethal distending toxin (A, B, and C), Campylobacter invasion antigen (CiaB), and fic domain protein (fic) were among important CDS. The presence of these uncommon genes explains the resistance of Campylobacter fetus subspecies against different tested antibiotics. The results of this study can be used to implement molecular surveillance of Campylobacter fetus subspecies and conduct further studies on the resistance mechanism in these subspecies.
Genome Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors in Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter fetus Subspecies Isolated from Sheath Wash
Survival and Productivity of Culinary Herb Species in a Nutrient Film Technique-type Aquaponic System with Nile Tilapia (Text)
Survival and Productivity of Culinary Herb Species in a Nutrient Film Technique-type Aquaponic System with Nile Tilapia (Other)
HTML Summary of #539 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Survival and Productivity of Culinary Herb Species in a Nutrient Film Technique-type Aquaponic System with Nile Tilapia</epc:when>
Aquaponics is an evolving technology for producing plants and fish (or other aquatic organisms) in an integrated water recirculating system. However, the survival and productivity of terrestrial plants in aquaponic systems have not been evaluated for most plant species. The present study aimed to analyze the survival rate, growth, and biomass production of eight culinary herbs, commonly used in Guatemala, in a Nutrient Film Technique-type (NFT) aquaponic system with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The investigated herbs included coriander (Coriandrum sativum), parsley (Petroselinum crispum), peppermint (Mentha spicata), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), samat (Eryngium foetidum), oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus), dill (Anethum graveolens), and basil (Ocimum basilicum). A total of 50 individuals of each herb species and 150 juvenile Nile tilapias were distributed in 5 aquaponic modules. The survival rate, growth, and biomass production were measured for herbs and tilapias. All the herb species survived against the NFT aquaponic conditions. The findings indicated that the herb survival was species-dependent and ranged 42-98%. There was a significant effect of the herb species both on height and biomass gains. Post hoc comparison showed interspecific differential abilities to grow biomass in NFT aquaponics conditions. Among the investigated herbs, M. spicata and O. basilicum were the most productive species. Refinement in the selection of initial plants and aquaponic management could improve plant performance.
Survival and Productivity of Culinary Herb Species in a Nutrient Film Technique-type Aquaponic System with Nile Tilapia
Characterization and Analysis of the Major Structural Protein Genes of the Recently Isolated Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Egypt (Text)
Characterization and Analysis of the Major Structural Protein Genes of the Recently Isolated Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Egypt (Other)
HTML Summary of #338 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Characterization and Analysis of the Major Structural Protein Genes of the Recently Isolated Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Egypt</epc:when>
Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) is a severe infectious disease affecting chickens and causing serious economic loss. Although several studies have been conducted to characterize HVRs-S1 (Hyper-Variable Regions of Spike 1 gene) in Egypt, few of which aimed to characterize the major structural protein genes. In the present study, the genetic characterization of the major structural protein genes was carried out in 10 isolates selected from six governorates in 2019. Phylogenetically, the S1 gene was clustered into genotype GI-23 (variant II), with seven viruses that were clustered into Egy/Var II occurring in two subgroups (I, II) when aligned with previously isolated Egyptian strains. It had a specific character of 40 Amino Acids (AA) mutations except for IBV/EG/CV32/2019, which had 50 AA mutations, specifically in HVRs regions (HVRI, II, and III). The other three strains were clustered into Egy Var I with 17 AA mutations except IBV/EG/F859/ 2019, which had 15 AA mutations, compared to IBV/CU/4/2014 reference strain. The examined isolates had an additional glycosylation site at position 280 and one was missing at position 139 with the exception of two strains that only had an additional one, compared to IBV/CU/4/2014. The viruses in this study differed genetically from various vaccine seeds in the range of 69-83%. The Nucleocapsid, genetically characterized in the group of variant II (Egy/Var II) and the glycoprotein membrane genes genetically characterized in the variant group in a new sub-group with 11 and 9 AA mutations, respectively. The recombination event was only detected in the S1 gene in two isolates of IBV/EG/CV32/2019 and IBV/EG/F859/2019 from D274 and QX, respectively. In this regard, it is important to conduct continuous surveillance, pathogenicity study, and vaccine efficacy evaluation.
Characterization and Analysis of the Major Structural Protein Genes of the Recently Isolated Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Egypt
Potential Biomarker for Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome in Laying Hens (Text)
Potential Biomarker for Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome in Laying Hens (Other)
HTML Summary of #344 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Potential Biomarker for Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome in Laying Hens</epc:when>
Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome is more common in laying hens with excess body weight (BW) and in the middle and late phase of egg production. However, no specific biomarkers in chickens can be used to diagnose liver steatosis or liver injury. The present study aimed to assess whether BW can be used to predict fatty liver in aged laying hens. This study also searched for potential plasma FLHS biomarkers. For these purposes, correlation among BW, relative weight of liver and abdominal fat, and plasma markers were analyzed in Hy-line brown laying hens. Furthermore, plasma levels of potential biomarkers were analyzed during the formation of fatty liver. Concentrations of triglycerides and total cholesterol were positively associated with BW in aged laying hens, while liver fat deposition was similar among chickens with different BW, indicating that BW cannot be used as the only criterion to discriminate aged laying hens with liver steatosis. A trend of increasing triglyceride, total cholesterol, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), and lipoprotein lipase levels was found as age increased, and they were positively associated with BW indicating that they might be risk markers for FLHS in laying hens. The findings indicated that the plasma level of FABP4 was positively associated with the severity of fatty liver in aged laying hens. All the above results suggested that FABP4 might be a potential diagnostic indicator for FLHS.
Potential Biomarker for Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome in Laying Hens
Application of Natural Antimicrobial Additives and Protective Culture to Control Aerobic Spore Forming Bacteria in Low Salt Soft Cheese (Text)
Application of Natural Antimicrobial Additives and Protective Culture to Control Aerobic Spore Forming Bacteria in Low Salt Soft Cheese (Other)
HTML Summary of #521 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Application of Natural Antimicrobial Additives and Protective Culture to Control Aerobic Spore Forming Bacteria in Low Salt Soft Cheese</epc:when>
There is an increasing interest in the application of natural antimicrobials instead of chemical ones to enhance the microbiological quality of dairy products. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of some natural antimicrobial additives and protective culture for reducing the usage of chemical preservatives, shelf-life extension, retarding microbial spoilage in low-salt soft cheese. The antimicrobial agents (protective culture, nisin, lysozyme, and natamycin) were studied on the activity of 28 isolates of spore-forming bacteria. Inhibitory effect of different natural antimicrobial additives as protective culture (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, 40 mg kg -1), nisin (25 mg kg -1), lysozyme (100 mg kg -1), combination of nisin and lysozyme (25 mg kg -1/100 mg kg -1), and combination of protective culture and natamycin (40 mg kg -1/25 mg kg -1) were studied on the growth of aerobic spore-forming bacteria in low-salt soft cheese during the storage period (30 days) at 4±1°C. The results revealed that the addition of different natural antibacterial additives with various concentrations had a significant effect on aerobic spore-forming bacteria, compared to other treatments and control. The growth pattern of aerobic spore-forming bacteria gradually decreased in all treatments along the storage period with variable reduction percentages in comparison with control cheese which was in continuous increment. The application of a combination of nisin and lysozyme had the most significant reduction of aerobic spore-forming bacteria, compared to control and other treatments.
Application of Natural Antimicrobial Additives and Protective Culture to Control Aerobic Spore Forming Bacteria in Low Salt Soft Cheese
Understanding the concepts of Islamic wisdom and its effects on the formation of mosque architecture (Text)
Understanding the concepts of Islamic wisdom and its effects on the formation of mosque architecture (Other)
HTML Summary of #1040 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Understanding the concepts of Islamic wisdom and its effects on the formation of mosque architecture</epc:when>
Man, who is an innate being, needs a place to communicate with his Creator, which has celestial and spiritual characteristics that make it possible to experience the ascension of the soul and its connection to the eternal universe. Among the divine religions, Islam has given the most importance to the social aspect of worship, the place that has made this serious matter possible is of great importance. Therefore, mosques have a high status, they are the beating heart of Islamic cities and the most important and best places should be provided for mosques. The first step taken by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) after the formation of his government in Medina was the construction of the Quba Mosque, which became the original model of all mosques. In addition to the Islamic spirit, this mosque also had an Islamic identity because it had an Islamic body. The religion of Islam reincarnated the Islamic spirit into the body of Iranian structures upon its arrival in Iran. It is a fact that the newborn replaced the spirit of buildings and inelegance (Zoroastrian temples and shrines). That is, the Islamic spirit flowed in the Iranian vessel. Many mosques that were not built on fire temples and shrines retained the same Iranian body with Islamic spirit, so the Iranian identity was represented in the form of mosques.
Understanding the concepts of Islamic wisdom and its effects on the formation of mosque architecture
The Impacts of Indoor Plants on Participants Perceptual Evaluations (Text)
The Impacts of Indoor Plants on Participants Perceptual Evaluations (Other)
HTML Summary of #1039 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Impacts of Indoor Plants on Participants Perceptual Evaluations</epc:when>
In this research, it was aimed to define the impacts of plants on the perceptual evaluation of participants in a restaurant environment. As an experimental setting, two different digital images of the modelled restaurant were used. Semantic differentiation scale was used to evaluate the environmental factors for this research environment, and the results obtained from 335 participants were evaluated with the SPSS program. The results showed that the atmospheric attributes of the restaurant with using plants had a more positive impact on the perceptual evaluations of the participants than the restaurant without plants. In addition, male and young (26-35) participants perceive more positively than female and middle-aged (36-55) participants. The use of indoor plants in key retail stores such as restaurants can increase preferability and positively impact customers' perceptual evaluations, feelings, and thoughts within first impressions.
The Impacts of Indoor Plants on Participants Perceptual Evaluations
PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN CAMEL IN POTENTIAL AREAS OF ETHIOPIA (THE CASE OF AFAR REGIONAL STATE) (Text)
PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN CAMEL IN POTENTIAL AREAS OF ETHIOPIA (THE CASE OF AFAR REGIONAL STATE) (Other)
HTML Summary of #47 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN CAMEL IN POTENTIAL AREAS OF ETHIOPIA (THE CASE OF AFAR REGIONAL STATE)</epc:when>
A cross sectional study was conducted from April, 2017 to October, 2018 to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) helminthes and protozoan parasites in relation to contributing risk factors in camels of afar region. Accordingly, a total of 407 camels were examined. Random and purposive sampling was made in the respective districts for screening of camels. Fecal samples were collected and processed by sedimentation and floatation methods. The coprological finding indicated that about 30.22 (n = 123) of the camels harbored and excreted helminthes and protozoan parasites. Of which, the prevalence of nematodes, protozoa, cestodes, and trematodes were 144 (35.38), 28 (22.76), 8 (6.50) and 5 (4.07), respectively. The most frequently encountered parasites were Strongylus sp. 68 (55.28), Trichuris sp. 40 (32.52) Strongyloides sp. 36 (29.27), Coccidia 28 (22.76), Moniezia 8 (6.50), and Paraphystomum 5 (4.07), respectively. 17.44 of the cases were single infection while 10.57 were mixed infections. Age and body condition of the animals were significantly associated (P©0.05) with the occurrence of parasites. In conclusion, gastrointestinal parasites are the major health problems of camel in the study areas. Therefore, it is important to undertake the detailed epidemiological investigations such as seasonal dynamics, fecal culture for larvae recovery and species identification to generate parasite mitigation methods. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN CAMEL IN POTENTIAL AREAS OF ETHIOPIA (THE CASE OF AFAR REGIONAL STATE)
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTED COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata) HAY AS REPLACEMENT OF CONCENTRATE ON PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF ABERGELLE GOATS (Text)
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTED COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata) HAY AS REPLACEMENT OF CONCENTRATE ON PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF ABERGELLE GOATS (Other)
HTML Summary of #44 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTED COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata) HAY AS REPLACEMENT OF CONCENTRATE ON PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF ABERGELLE GOATS</epc:when>
The study were conducted at Sekota district using twenty four yearling male Aberegelle goats for 100 days to evaluate the effect of substitution of concentrate mix with cowpea hay on biological and economic benefits. The treatments were natural grass hay alone (T1) and supplemented with 100 concentrate mix (T2), 75: 25 (T3), 50:50 (T4), 25:75 (T5) concentrate mix: cowpea hay and 100 cowpea hay (T6) per head per day. Randomized complete block design with six treatments and five replications was used. The crude protein (CP) content of grass hay, concentrate mix and cowpea hay were 6.80, 16.30 and 19.62, respectively. Daily hay dry matter (DM) intake of the control was significantly higher (P< 0.05) than other treatments. Apparent DM, organic matter (OM), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), CP digestibility and body weight change of supplemented treatments were significant (P<0.001) as compared to the control, however there were no significant differences in intake, digestibility, linear body measurement and growth performance of goats fed different proportion of concentrate and cowpea hay. However, sole cowpea hay supplementation performs better in terms of net return and farmers’ preference. Therefore, supplementation of sole cowpea hay would be both biologically, economically and socially acceptable level for Abergelle goats bred. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTED COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata) HAY AS REPLACEMENT OF CONCENTRATE ON PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF ABERGELLE GOATS
EFFECT OF ADDING RAPESEED OIL, FISH OIL AND SELENIUM ON THE DIET ENRICHED WITH VITAMIN E AND ZINC ON THE YIELD AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF EGGS (Text)
EFFECT OF ADDING RAPESEED OIL, FISH OIL AND SELENIUM ON THE DIET ENRICHED WITH VITAMIN E AND ZINC ON THE YIELD AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF EGGS (Other)
HTML Summary of #40 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF ADDING RAPESEED OIL, FISH OIL AND SELENIUM ON THE DIET ENRICHED WITH VITAMIN E AND ZINC ON THE YIELD AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF EGGS</epc:when>
The present study was investigated the simultaneous effect of fish oil and rapeseed, selenium, vitamin E and zinc supplementation on laying hens. 288 white-line layers were used from 45 weeks of age. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with four replications for 75 to 90 days. Performance of hens and organoleptic properties of eggs were evaluated. The results showed that there was no any significant difference between groups on the yield. Results obtained from the tasters including overall taste, natural smell and overall acceptability showed that although increasing fish oil to 2 + 2 rapeseed oil did not have a significant effect on the overall taste and overall acceptability of eggs in this group, but were significantly reported in natural smell. Therefore, diet with 2 fish oil+2 rapeseed oil (T3) can be considered as an enriched omega-3 ratio without showing major quality drop in eggs acceptance. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved
EFFECT OF ADDING RAPESEED OIL, FISH OIL AND SELENIUM ON THE DIET ENRICHED WITH VITAMIN E AND ZINC ON THE YIELD AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF EGGS
ON-FARM MONITORING OF GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF INDIGENOUS GOAT IN AMHARA REGION OF ETHIOPIA (Text)
ON-FARM MONITORING OF GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF INDIGENOUS GOAT IN AMHARA REGION OF ETHIOPIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #43 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">ON-FARM MONITORING OF GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF INDIGENOUS GOAT IN AMHARA REGION OF ETHIOPIA</epc:when>
The study was conducted in Amhara region of Ethiopia, with the objective of characterizing the goat husbandry practice and on-farm monitoring of growth performance. The data were collected by interviewing 180 sample households who are selected purposively from three agro ecologies using semi- structured questioner. Besides, on farm monitoring of growth performance of 60 kids owned by farmers was done for three months. The data was analyzed using SPSS (version 20). Majority of households (68.9) have an experiences of feeding crop residue for their goat and faced feed shortage mainly during dry season (65.6). The main source of water for goat was river which is 51.1 in wet season and 88.9 in dry season. 51.7 of goat keepers had a separate goat house. The major disease reported were anthrax (40.6), goat pox (26.7) and foot and mouth disease (12.8). Purpose of goat keeping was mainly for income source (62.8). 84.4 of the goat owners are experienced selection of male and female animal for production purpose. Body length and height (60.6) and color (34.4) were used as major selection criteria. Higher kidding was reported during months of October (20.55), November (39.44) and December (18.88). Drought (42), shortage of feed and water (38.5), disease and parasite (16), inconvenient climate condition (2) and lack of breeding male (1) were reported as major problems in the breeding objective. The overall birth weight, 60 days and 90 days weight of kids was 1.69±0.08 kg, 7.45±0.41 kg and 12.02±0.25 kg, respectively. The survival rate of kids up to 90 days of age was 74. The production system of the area was characterized by mixed crop-livestock farming system on which crop residue was the main feed source of the goats as other livestock species. Even though the current productivity of goats in the area is fairly good, full potential need to be exploited by improving husbandry practices, applying appropriate disease prevention methods and applying strategic forage development and feeding practices. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved
ON-FARM MONITORING OF GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF INDIGENOUS GOAT IN AMHARA REGION OF ETHIOPIA
SUB-ACUTE RUMINAL ACIDOSIS IN DAIRY COWS: ITS CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES (Text)
SUB-ACUTE RUMINAL ACIDOSIS IN DAIRY COWS: ITS CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES (Other)
HTML Summary of #39 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">SUB-ACUTE RUMINAL ACIDOSIS IN DAIRY COWS: ITS CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES</epc:when>
Current feeding programs for cattle prescribe concentrate rich diets to meet their ever increasing demands for high levels of milk production. These diets, however, can impair rumen health and thus cattle production, milk yield and welfare. High energy diets are rapidly fermented in the rumen because they are high in fermentable starch, low in NDF and contain finely chopped digestible forages. Feeding rapidly fermentable diet to the cows predominantly adapted to digest and metabolize forage based total mixed ration (TMR) substantially increases short term milk yield, but the risk of sub- acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) increases. Additionally, too high concentrate to forage ratio, too fast a switch from high forage to high concentrate, diet composed of highly fermented feeds, improperly mixed TMR and mycotoxins in feed also increases the incidence of SARA in dairy herds. SARA causes depressed feed intake, cycling feeding, reduced cud chewing, poor fibre digestion, rumenitis, mastitis, metritis, dehydration, diarrhoea, abomasal displacement, pulmonary bacterial emboli, systemic inflammation, liver abscesses, low milk fat, low milk protein, sore hooves, laminitis and low fertility. Therefore, SARA is a major challenge for animal health, productivity, economic efficiency and welfare issue even in well managed dairy herds. Feeding higher amounts of forages, supplying adequate peNDF, processing grains less thoroughly, reducing fermentability of the carbohydrate fraction and adapting rumen to the dietary changes are the key factors to be considered for preventing SARA. Continued research for accurate quantification of peNDF in diet, grain processing, optimization of meal size, dietary cation-anion balance, narrowspectrum rumen modifier, inoculation of lactate utilizing microbes, inhibition of lactate producing microbes and innovation of the unique fermentability characteristics of feed ingredients to promote sufficient buffering and rapid absorption of VFA from rumen will explore new horizon for reducing incidence of SARA in future. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved
SUB-ACUTE RUMINAL ACIDOSIS IN DAIRY COWS: ITS CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES
THE EFFECT OF EGG SIZE (WEIGHT) ON THE EGG SHELL THICKNESS, EGG YOLK AND HATCHABILITY IN KOEKOEK CHICKENS (Text)
THE EFFECT OF EGG SIZE (WEIGHT) ON THE EGG SHELL THICKNESS, EGG YOLK AND HATCHABILITY IN KOEKOEK CHICKENS (Other)
HTML Summary of #46 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">THE EFFECT OF EGG SIZE (WEIGHT) ON THE EGG SHELL THICKNESS, EGG YOLK AND HATCHABILITY IN KOEKOEK CHICKENS</epc:when>
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of egg size on egg shell, egg yolk, fertility rate and hatchability of Koekoek chickens. A Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used with egg size being the treatment factor. The treatments were large (>55g), medium (45-54g) and small (<44g) sized eggs. Eggs were collected from the nests and weighed using the digital scale and classified according to their respective weights before incubation. The egg yolk weight was measured with the digital scale. The shell thickness was measured using a Vanier caliper. The fertile and infertile eggs were identified. The fertility rate, hatching percentage and embryonic mortality were recorded. Data collected was subjected to statistical analysis by using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The medium sized eggs had higher fertility and hatchability percentage compared to large and small sized eggs. The mortality was higher in large and small sized eggs. Therefore, select eggs at the range of 45 to 55 grammes for incubation can be useful to increasing hatchability. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved
THE EFFECT OF EGG SIZE (WEIGHT) ON THE EGG SHELL THICKNESS, EGG YOLK AND HATCHABILITY IN KOEKOEK CHICKENS
BODY MORPHOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS IN HARMO CATTLE (RAYA-AZEBO CATLTLE) IN SOUTHERN TIGRAY OF ETHIOPIA (Text)
BODY MORPHOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS IN HARMO CATTLE (RAYA-AZEBO CATLTLE) IN SOUTHERN TIGRAY OF ETHIOPIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #42 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">BODY MORPHOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS IN HARMO CATTLE (RAYA-AZEBO CATLTLE) IN SOUTHERN TIGRAY OF ETHIOPIA</epc:when>
Twenty-four qualitative and nine quantitative variables on a total of 251 adult cattle from two purposively selected districts were recorded to characterize Harmo cattle at its natural production environment in 2019. Effect of sampled district, sex and age on the quantitative measurements and qualitative characteristics were analyzed using General linear model (GLM) procedure and non-parametric (Chi-square) test of Statistical Analysis System (SAS 9.0) respectively. The qualitative characteristics and quantitative measurements of Harmo cattle were partially affected by district, sex and age categories. Majority of Harmo cattle were horned (100) with lyre shaped (83.73) upward orientation (92.46) and wide horn spacing (≥ 30 cm) (96.03). They also possess straight edged ear (97.22). Harmo cattle hump was erected (98.81), and small (88.1) and found at cervical thoracic (78.57) position. The results also revealed that Harmo cattle were characterized by flat face (99.21), straight back profile (88.49), long tail (95.24) and large dewlap (75). Body color pattern of Harmo cattle was uniform (61.11), spotty (26.98) and others (11.9). Red and light-red were the body and head color of the majority of the studied cattle populations. Beside their large horns Harmo cows also possess medium (38.8) and large (42.4) naval flap. Similarly, the oxen also possess medium (46.4) and large (50) preputial sheath. The overall measurements of body length, Heart girth, Height at withers, Pelvic width, Muzzle circumference, Ear length, Horn length, Canon bone length, Hock circumference for Harmo oxen and cows were 127.8±1.22, 146.7±1.37, 121.7±0.92, 35.5±0.45, 39.5±0.35, 21.2±0.31, 65.5±2.08, 25.0±0.30, 33.0±0.28 and 121.3±0.43, 138.9±0.48 116.5±0.32, 35.0±0.16, 36.9±0.12, 21.3±0.11, 61.8±0.73, 24.0±0.11, 31.3±0.10, respectively. These results show Harmo cattle possess long and thin body and long ear and horn in comparison with most of the Ethiopian cattle breeds. The thin body of Harmo cattle might be due to shortage of available feed in and around the breeding tract of the breed. The long ear and horn may help them to adapt the hot bushy grazing land environment and protect themselves from the enemy existed in their natural habitat. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved
BODY MORPHOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS IN HARMO CATTLE (RAYA-AZEBO CATLTLE) IN SOUTHERN TIGRAY OF ETHIOPIA
EVALUATION OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND HUSBANDRY PRACTICES OF ETHIOPIAN INDIGENOUS GOATS (Text)
EVALUATION OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND HUSBANDRY PRACTICES OF ETHIOPIAN INDIGENOUS GOATS (Other)
HTML Summary of #41 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EVALUATION OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND HUSBANDRY PRACTICES OF ETHIOPIAN INDIGENOUS GOATS</epc:when>
The study was conducted in Limu Seka, Nono Benja and Omo Nada districts of Jimma zone with the objectives to assess production system and husbandry practices of indigenous goat. Data were collected through questionnaire, focal group discussion and secondary data. A total of 210 households were selected for an interview and case study. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and ranking index. The results showed that the overall family size and mean goats flock size per household are 7.10 and 7.78 respectively. The farming activities were mixed crop and livestock systems. Natural pasture (herbs and shrubs), fallow land, crop residues and non-conventional feeds were the feed resources of the study area. Free grazing/browsing, riverside grazing/browsing, aftermath grazing, and herding were the major grazing management types for goats in the dry season. In wet season, grazing management were herding and tethering alone and both herding and tethering together. In the study area, rivers were the main source of water in both dry and rainy season. All households in all the study districts provide nighttime shelter (house) for goat throughout the year. On average about 63.8 and 61.9 of respondents have been practicing fattening and castrating goat. Castration was primarily practiced to improve fattening and get a better price. Disease, feed shortage and lack of superior genotypes were major constraints of goat production in the study area. In general, goat production system and husbandry practices in the study area was traditional with mixed livestock system that challenged by serious disease problem and feed shortage, so interference is needed to solve identified problems. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved
EVALUATION OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND HUSBANDRY PRACTICES OF ETHIOPIAN INDIGENOUS GOATS
Recent drugs and vaccine candidates to tackle COVID-19 (Text)
Recent drugs and vaccine candidates to tackle COVID-19 (Other)
JLSB 10(6) 70-79, 2020-drugs and vaccine candidates to tackle COVID-19 .pdf
HTML Summary of #559 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Recent drugs and vaccine candidates to tackle COVID-19</epc:when>
Introduction. The global devastating pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide multisystemic infection caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has emerged as a menace to the global public health and countries economy. There is a crucial necessity for the suggestion of effective drugs to eliminate the virus outbreak. Several candidate drugs with existing emerging evidence try to offer a pharmacological strategy that may inhibit infection in COVID-19 patients. By, October 2020, scientists have nominated some reliable and safe types of coronavirus vaccines like Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, CureVac, CoronaVac, etc. that are effective and showed 95% to 90% protection, respectively. Aim. This review highlights important clinical and in vitro studies, uses of potent antiviral drugs and most recent vaccines against COVID-19 disease.
Recent drugs and vaccine candidates to tackle COVID-19
RD Surgery
Low level diode laser therapy on wound healing post gingivectomy (Text)
Low level diode laser therapy on wound healing post gingivectomy (Other)
HTML Summary of #560 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Low level diode laser therapy on wound healing post gingivectomy</epc:when>
Aim. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-level diode laser therapy on wound healing after gingivectomy. Methods. Forty patients (male and female) with ages ranged from 20-40 years, and who received gingivectomy were participated in this study. They were selected randomly from dental outpatient clinic at Badr university in Cairo and randomly divided into two equal groups, including the study group (A) and control group (B). The study group (A) was irradiated with Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) laser of wavelength 850 nm for 4 sessions on day 0, 3, 7 and day 14 post gingivectomy, while the control group (B) received placebo laser. Assessment of healing was done before starting the first session (day 0), after session (days 7 and 14) and follow up on day 21. The healing assessed by Landry index. Results. The results of this study supported that the low-level diode laser therapy was significantly effective (p < 0.001) on wound healing in patients after gingivectomy. Conclusion. It was concluded that the low-level diode laser therapy is an effective method for increasing wound healing after gingivectomy.
Low level diode laser therapy on wound healing post gingivectomy
Effect of Stabilization on Failure Susceptibility of Oshogbo-Iwo Road in South-Western Nigeria (Text)
Effect of Stabilization on Failure Susceptibility of Oshogbo-Iwo Road in South-Western Nigeria (Other)
JCEU 10(6) 53-61, 2020-Stabilization on Failure Susceptibility of Oshogbo-Iwo Road.pdf
HTML Summary of #980 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Stabilization on Failure Susceptibility of Oshogbo-Iwo Road in South-Western Nigeria</epc:when>
The research evaluated the failure susceptibility of biopolymers (Guar Gum, Xanthan Gum, Bentonite) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) stabilized soil samples from three failed locations along Oshogbo – Iwo Road’s using the TDRAMS mathematical model formulated by Aderinola et al., (2015). The stabilizers were added to the soils in concentrations of (0.25-2) % Biopolymers, (1-3) % Bentonite and 2% PVAc. The samples were classified according to AASHTO as A-5 (slty-sand) and ML group (inorganic silts, sfine sands with low plasticity) based on USCS classification system. Geotechnical tests carried out on both natural untreated and treated samples showed that the natural soil samples gave OMC values of between (11.7-14.97) %, MDD (1644-1453.6) Kg/m3, and soaked CBR (2-6) %. 1% Guar gum, 1 % Xanthan gum, 3% Bentonite and 2% Poly vinyl Acetate were deduced to be optimal mixes for improved strength. However, Guar gum was observed to be the best stabilizer. With the TDRAMS model, 1% Guar gum reduced the failure susceptibility indices of the road by 11.02 % (i.e. from 127 to 113). However, for maximum benefits to be achieved from the stabilization, other factors like provision of good drainage facilities, adequate road sections etc. must be provided. This will help in improving the strength of the subgrade soils and overall durability of the road.
Effect of Stabilization on Failure Susceptibility of Oshogbo-Iwo Road in South-Western Nigeria
Effect of Different Dietary Crude Protein Levels and Citric Acid on Broiler Chickens' Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Intestinal Morphology, and Blood Components (Text)
Effect of Different Dietary Crude Protein Levels and Citric Acid on Broiler Chickens' Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Intestinal Morphology, and Blood Components (Other)
HTML Summary of #350 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Different Dietary Crude Protein Levels and Citric Acid on Broiler Chickens' Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Intestinal Morphology, and Blood Components</epc:when>
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary protein levels and citric acid on the growth performance, carcass yield, abdominal fat, chemical composition of meat, intestinal morphology, and blood parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 160 Cobb 500 unsexed one-day-old broilers were assigned to 4 dietary treatments, 4 replicates of 10 chickens each. A factorial design arrangement 2×2 was used, including two protein levels, 100% (optimal level) and 90% (low level) of recommended dietary crude protein for cobb 500 broiler chickens, each protein level supplemented with or without 20-gram citric acid /kg. The results showed that chickens fed the diet containing 100% required Crude Protein (CP) supplemented with citric acid which could significantly improve body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass yield, abdominal fat, fat content in meat, intestinal morphology, cecal microbial content, and blood parameters (Albumin, haemoglobin Ac1, fructosamine, and cholesterol). Chickens fed the low CP diet supplemented with citric acid could compensate for the growth performance equivalent to those fed the optimal CP diet. Both required protein level and citric acid were significantly improved blood albumin and reduced haemoglobin Ac1 and fructosamine, which could serve as indicators of the blood protein glycation. In conclusion, citric acid addition could alleviate the negative effect of feeding broiler chickens on low CP diets through its beneficial impact on intestinal morphology, cecal bacterial counts, blood cholesterol reduction, and glycated proteins.
Effect of Different Dietary Crude Protein Levels and Citric Acid on Broiler Chickens' Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Intestinal Morphology, and Blood Components
Incidence and Prevalence of Hard Ticks in Ruminants of Al-Ahsa Oasis Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Text)
Incidence and Prevalence of Hard Ticks in Ruminants of Al-Ahsa Oasis Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Other)
HTML Summary of #347 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Incidence and Prevalence of Hard Ticks in Ruminants of Al-Ahsa Oasis Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</epc:when>
In the present study, a number of camels, cattle, sheep, and goat herds have been examined and followed up to record the incidence of tick infestation in Al-Ahsa Oasis in the Eastern Region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. From 24 herds distributed in eleven localities, a total of 4068 animals (123 camels, 60 cattle, 1780 sheep, and 2105 goats) were individually examined every second week during the period from January to December 2010. In total, 5320 ticks were collected from 1125 infested animals (27.65%). The overall prevalence rate of identified Ixodide ticks was: Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (18.33%), Hyalomma dromedarii (17.63%), Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (14.29%), Rhipicephalus turanicus (14.04%), Hyalomma impeltatum (11.28%), Rhipicephalus praetextatus (8.56%), Hyalomma marginatum turanicum (6.20%), Haemaphysalis sulcata (3.57%), Rhipicephalus kohlsi (2.33%), Hyalomma marginatum rufipes (2.09%), Hyalomma schulzei (1.03%), Amblyomma variegatum (0.47%), and Amblyomma gemma (0.18%). Tick infestation in terms of mean intensity, abundance, and prevalence rates was highest in camels (41 tick/infested camel, 30 ticks/camel, and 73.17%, respectively). This was followed by cattle (15 tick/infested cow, 5 ticks/cow, and 33.33%, respectively), goats (1.35 tick/infested goat, 0.33 tick/goat, and 23.52%, respectively), and sheep (1.27 tick/infested sheep, 0.3 tick/sheep, and 29.21%, respectively). The incidence rate of ticks significantly increased during the warmest summer months of the year (highest recorded temperature ranged between 47℃ and 50℃), mainly due to the management practices of farmers. During this period animals were housed and water was supplied ad libitum during hot months, thereby increasing animal density and humidity in the shaded farms. According to the obtained results of the current study, tick control can be started in Al-Ahsa area in early May for all animals with the focus on camels as they are the harbor of the tick biomass, or on goats as they had initially increased in incidence rates.
Incidence and Prevalence of Hard Ticks in Ruminants of Al-Ahsa Oasis Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
INFLUENCE OF PELLETED BROWSE-BASED SUPPLEMENTS FED WITH A BASAL DIET OF Adropogon gayanus HAY ON INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY, GROWTH AND HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL INDICES IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOAT (Text)
INFLUENCE OF PELLETED BROWSE-BASED SUPPLEMENTS FED WITH A BASAL DIET OF Adropogon gayanus HAY ON INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY, GROWTH AND HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL INDICES IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOAT (Other)
HTML Summary of #52 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">INFLUENCE OF PELLETED BROWSE-BASED SUPPLEMENTS FED WITH A BASAL DIET OF Adropogon gayanus HAY ON INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY, GROWTH AND HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL INDICES IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOAT</epc:when>
This study evaluated the nutritional value of pelleted supplements based on four major feed resources fed to small ruminants by smallholder farmers in the Accra Plains. Leaves of Samanea saman, Acacia auriculiformis and Ficus exasperata, and cassava peels were dried, milled, mixed with other ingredients and pelleted to form Samanea saman (SS-S), Acacia auriculiformis (AA-S), Ficus exasperata (FE-S) and cassava peel (CP-S) based supplements. The supplements were fed to twenty West African Dwarf goats on a basal diet of Andropogon gayanus (Gamba grass) hay in a completely randomised design experiment. Voluntary intake of dry matter did not differ (P>0.05) by the type of supplement. However, crude protein intake was higher (P<0.05) in goats fed FE-S than those fed CP-S. Acid detergent fibre intake was higher (P<0.05) for SS-S, AA-S and FE-S than CP-S. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre were lowest (P<0.05) for goats on CP-S. Average daily weight gain and Feed conversion ratio were not affected (P>0.05) by dietary treatments. Also, dietary treatment did not affect (P>0.05) the concentrations haematological and blood biochemical constituents determined except urea which was higher (P<0.05) in goats fed SS-S than the other treatments. In conclusion, the above results suggest that browse-based and cassava peel-based supplements could be fed to confined goats on roughage diets especially in the dry season without any deleterious effects on intake, growth and physiology of goats. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved
INFLUENCE OF PELLETED BROWSE-BASED SUPPLEMENTS FED WITH A BASAL DIET OF Adropogon gayanus HAY ON INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY, GROWTH AND HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL INDICES IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOAT
Rapid Detection of Streptococci in Cultured Tilapia Fish Using PCR and Chemical Analysis (Text)
Rapid Detection of Streptococci in Cultured Tilapia Fish Using PCR and Chemical Analysis (Other)
HTML Summary of #361 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Rapid Detection of Streptococci in Cultured Tilapia Fish Using PCR and Chemical Analysis</epc:when>
Streptococcosis causes economic losses due to the high mortality in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The present study was carried out to detect the streptococci by PCR and chemical analysis in cultured tilapia fish. A total of 100 cultured tilapia fishes and 20 water samples were collected from 4 different fish farms at different locations in Kafr El-sheikh Governorate for bacteriological and chemical analysis. The results of water quality parameters examination revealed that the mean values of pH, dissolved oxygen, unionized ammonia, and nitrite were 8.2 ± 0.73, 7.44 ± 0.54 parts per million (ppm), 0.05 ± 0.008 ppm, and 0.00 ppm, respectively. All water quality parameters except for ammonia were within the permissible limit. The bacterial isolation results revealed 38 % positive samples for Streptococcus species isolated from tilapia fishes and 40 % were positive for Streptococcus species isolated from water samples. Of those 38 positive fish samples, 25 (65.78%) were Enterococcus faecalis, 15 (39.47%) were Streptococcus pyogenes, 6 (15.78%) were Enterococcus faecium, 5 (13.15 %) were Streptococcus agalactiae, and 3 (7.89 %) were Streptococcus iniae. On the other hand, from 8 positive farms water samples, 7 (87.5%) were Enterococcus faecalis, 2 (25%) were Streptococcus pyogenes , 2 (25%) were Enterococcus faecium, 3 (37.5%) were Streptococcus agalactiae, and 1 (12.5%) was Streptococcus iniae . Using mPCR to identify Streptococcus for some fish and water isolates, 6 Enterococcus faecalis with 310 base per (bp) were detected while 3 Streptococcus agalactiae with 153 bp and 2 Enterococcus faecium at 215 bp were detected. However, the mPCR from Streptococcus species directly from organs from fish and water samples revealed that 5 Enterococcus faecalis were detected at 310 bp while 2 Streptococcus agalactiae was identified at 153 bp. The biochemical results indicated that the infected fish with the streptococcal species had reduced total protein, albumin, and globulin in the blood serum while total cholesterol, urea, creatinine levels, and AST, ALT, GPX, CAT, SOD activities significantly increased, compared to non- infected fish.
Rapid Detection of Streptococci in Cultured Tilapia Fish Using PCR and Chemical Analysis
IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY BASED BREEDING PROGRAM TO IMPROVE GROWTH RATE AND MILK PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF ABERGELLE GOAT (Text)
IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY BASED BREEDING PROGRAM TO IMPROVE GROWTH RATE AND MILK PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF ABERGELLE GOAT (Other)
HTML Summary of #51 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY BASED BREEDING PROGRAM TO IMPROVE GROWTH RATE AND MILK PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF ABERGELLE GOAT</epc:when>
The study aimed to identify farmers breeding objective and trait preference criteria, devising and implementing a pilot selective breeding scheme and establishing a model goat development scheme that can be applied under village conditions. A total of 1372 goats from 32 households were monitored for selection and data collection on growth performance, milk production, reproductive performance and other important characteristics. Best bucks were selected at yearly basis based on their indexed estimated breeding value and unselected bucks were culled from the population through castration and sale. Birth type, year of birth and parity had significant effect on pre-weaning growth performances. In this intervened pilot village with three round selections mean birth and yearling weight of kids had increased from 1.6±0.05 Kg and 15.4±0.4 Kg to 2.3±0.06 Kg and 16.8±0.45 Kg, respectively. Total lactation milk yield was significantly affected by birth season and year while lactation length was affected by parity of doe’s in addition to birth season and year. Average daily milk yield of doe’s was 422.3±120.3 ml and it was significantly differed between years. Higher body weight of the adult male (birth weight through yearling weight) with its color and strong feeding behavior were the most preferable traits, on the other hand milk production and good mothering ability were set for the doe’s. In general, the breeding program was feasible, simple and compatible strategy to the smallholder farmers breeding practices as it avoids negative selection by allowing elite selected bucks for next generation. Genetic improvement in a single pilot-village will not bring an overall population improvement of the breed, and hence there is a need of scaling out of the breeding program to all the neighboring communities. Reproductive technologies (estrus synchronization with timed artificial insemination) need to be used. Since larger number of nine month to yearling male goats are leaving the village in one or other reasons, selection of bucks starting from nine months of age should be emphasized in the future. All doe’s are not productive in terms of higher litter size and milk production at every stage of their reproductive age. So, keeping of very high parity dams will not provide profitable income to the households. Forage development strategies should be designed to improve data quality, increase production capacity of the breed and sustainability of the breeding program. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All rights reserved
IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY BASED BREEDING PROGRAM TO IMPROVE GROWTH RATE AND MILK PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF ABERGELLE GOAT
Spatial Monitoring of Pyrethroid Residues by RP-HPLC in Raw Bovine Milk in West Delta Region of Egypt (Text)
Spatial Monitoring of Pyrethroid Residues by RP-HPLC in Raw Bovine Milk in West Delta Region of Egypt (Other)
HTML Summary of #368 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Spatial Monitoring of Pyrethroid Residues by RP-HPLC in Raw Bovine Milk in West Delta Region of Egypt</epc:when>
The massive implementation of pesticides in agronomy, public health series, manufacturing, and production can increase pesticides in the environment leading to tremendous effects on human health. Hence, the current study aimed to evaluate the concentration and frequency of pyrethroid residues in raw bovine milk sourced from local producers at West Delta of Egypt carefully chosen from three cities on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography system. A total of 200 of raw bovine milk samples (Alexandria 75, El- Behera 75, and Matrouh 50) were analyzed. The achieved results indicated that Cypermethrin, Cyhalothrin, and Deltamethrin residues were respectively screened at frequencies of 18.66%, 17.33%, and 14.66% in Alexandria, 21.33%, 17.33%, and 16% in El- Behera, and 44%, 28%, and 24 % in Matrouh. Cypermethrin was detected in a mean concentration level of 6.63, 5.98, and 10.74 in Alexandria, El- Behera, and Matrouh, respectively. However, Cyhalothrin and Deltamethrin had lower mean values of 4.66 and 2.45 in Alexandria, 5.14 and 3.05 in El- Behera, and finally 2.84 and 2.69 in Matrouh. There was no α- Cypermethrin in all the investigated samples while Cypermethrin was present with the highest mean concentration and frequency levels in Matrouh, compared to other cities. Concerning the compatibility of examined samples with maximum residue levels (MRLs) set by the European Commission and Codex regulation, indicated only 2.66%, 1.33%, and 0.00 % for Cyhalothrin, and 1.33%, 4%, and 2% for Deltamethrin examined samples in Alexandria, El- Behera, and Matrouh cities exceeded MRLs, respectively. As for Cypermethrin, its concentrations did not exceed MRLs. These results indicated a significant amount of these chemical pollutants in raw bovine milk offered by local producers in the West Delta of Egypt, which can threaten human life. Accordingly, continual assessment of pyrethroid residues in milk is of utmost importance to guarantee Egyptian consumers’ health.
Spatial Monitoring of Pyrethroid Residues by RP-HPLC in Raw Bovine Milk in West Delta Region of Egypt
Effect of Crude Extracts of Edible Mushroom Species of Agaricus bisporus and Auricularia auricula on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens (Text)
Effect of Crude Extracts of Edible Mushroom Species of Agaricus bisporus and Auricularia auricula on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #118 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Crude Extracts of Edible Mushroom Species of Agaricus bisporus and Auricularia auricula on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of Agaricus bisporus and Auricularia auricula crude extracts as feed additives on the growth performance of broiler chickens. The samples included 240 one-day-old chicks randomly divided into 8 dietary treatments, each treatment consisted of 3 replicates with 10 chicks per replicate. The dietary treatment groups were control group (T0), basal diet + zinc bacitracin (T1), basal diets + 0.4% Agaricus bisporus extract (T2), basal diet + 0.8% Agaricus bisporus extract (T3), basal diet + 1.2% Agaricus bisporus extract (T4), basal diet + 0.4% Auricularia auricula extract (T5), basal diet + 0.8% Auricularia auricula extract (T6), and basal diet + 1.2% Auricularia auricula extract (T7). The measured variables included feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and production index. In addition, the study aimed to evaluate the reducing sugars level, antioxidant IC50, and antimicrobial efficacy of mushroom extracts prepared using three different solvents (i.e., water, ethanol, and methanol). The findings indicated that methanolic extract contained higher reducing sugars and had better antimicrobial efficacy. The results of experimental research revealed that mushrooms crude extracts had no significant effects on the growth performance of broiler chickens.
Effect of Crude Extracts of Edible Mushroom Species of Agaricus bisporus and Auricularia auricula on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens
Risk Factor Analysis of Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Standard Plate Count and Somatic Cell Count in Bulk Tank Milk in Cattle Dairies (Text)
Risk Factor Analysis of Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Standard Plate Count and Somatic Cell Count in Bulk Tank Milk in Cattle Dairies (Other)
HTML Summary of #379 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Risk Factor Analysis of Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Standard Plate Count and Somatic Cell Count in Bulk Tank Milk in Cattle Dairies</epc:when>
Bulk tank milk analysis was referred to as a useful and appropriate diagnostic tool to evaluate milk quality and mastitis pathogens in cattle dairy herds. Out of the total number of 150 pooled tank milk samples collected from 150 cattle dairy farms, 13 locally field Staphylococcus aureus isolates were detected and confirmed phenotypically by culturing, gram staining, biochemical, and molecular identification to be Staphylococcus aureus in the overall herd by the prevalence of 8.6%. Isolation and identification of Salmonella Typhimurium field isolates from bulk tank milk samples revealed that 20 locally field isolates were detected and confirmed phenotypically by culturing, gram staining, biochemical and molecular identification to be Salmonella Typhimurium in the overall herd by the prevalence of 13.3%. The results of total bacterial plate count (cfu/ml) revealed that the geometric mean of 150 dairy farms was 3.2×108 cfu/ml. The geometric mean of somatic cell count (SCC)/ml in Bulk tank milk samples of 150 cattle dairy farms were 556.7×103. The geometric mean value of Staphylococcus aureus count in this study was 3.7×103 cfu/ml. Serological identification of the 20 isolates revealed that they were Salmonella Typhimurium. The study provided various risk factors that had a clear and effective role in determining the level of Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Standard plate count, and Somatic cell count in bulk tank milk. The PCR amplification with (hlg) gene-specific primers revealed a product with an approximate size of 937 bp. (hlg) gene found in 13 (54%) Staphylococcus aureus isolates. The PCR identification of sopB (SigD) virulence gene for Salmonella Typhimuriym revealed a product with an approximate size of 517 bp. SopB gene found in all Salmonella Typhimurium isolates (100%). Phylogenetic and partial gene sequence analysis of (hlg) Staphylococcus aureus gene of Egyptian isolated strain showed a great identity with the different Staphylococcus aureus strains uploaded from the gene bank. Phylogenetic analysis of Salmonella Typhimurium (sopB) virulence gene of Egyptian isolated strain indicated a great homology with the different Salmonella Typhimurium strains uploaded from the gene banks. The results of the present study emphasize the importance of more efficacious preventive programs for controlling the mastitis and bacteriological quality of bulk tank milk and monitoring mastitis economic losses.
Risk Factor Analysis of Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Standard Plate Count and Somatic Cell Count in Bulk Tank Milk in Cattle Dairies
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Cryptosporidium Infection in Raw Vegetables in Yazd District, Iran (Text)
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Cryptosporidium Infection in Raw Vegetables in Yazd District, Iran (Other)
HTML Summary of #382 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Cryptosporidium Infection in Raw Vegetables in Yazd District, Iran</epc:when>
Consumption of raw vegetables is an important route of parasites transmission. It is an important source for foodborne outbreaks in both developed and developing countries, and outbreaks of parasitic diseases in humans. The objective of the present study was to detect the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in raw fresh vegetables in Yazd city, Iran, from 2017 to 2018. A total of 275 fresh vegetable samples were collected and tested using a sucrose flotation medium of 1.21 specific gravity and a Modified Ziehl-Nielsen staining procedure. Of the 275 vegetables examined, 85 (31.5%) samples were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Lettuce had the highest rate (n= 16, 47.1%) of contamination with Cryptosporidium oocysts while basil and parsley showed the lowest rates of contamination (n= 6, 20%). There was a significant association between the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and the investigated vegetable types. According to the locations of the vegetable field, Amir Abad and Bahaman Hospital area had the highest (n: 16, 59.3%) and lowest (n= 5, 18.5%) rates of Cryptosporidium oocysts contamination, respectively. The plant part showed that the root vegetables had the highest contamination rates (n= 41, 45.6%), followed by leafy vegetables (n= 44, 24.4%). The analysis further indicated a significant association between the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and the route of vegetable consumption. Based on these results, the edible vegetables in Yazd city are one of the potential sources of Cryptosporidium infections in humans. Moreover, the vegetable fields within the city of Yazd are contaminated with Cryptosporidium oocysts which can pose public health problems.
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Cryptosporidium Infection in Raw Vegetables in Yazd District, Iran
Effect of Dietary Dried Fennel and Oregano and Thyme Supplementation on Zootechnical Parameters of Growing Rabbit (Text)
Effect of Dietary Dried Fennel and Oregano and Thyme Supplementation on Zootechnical Parameters of Growing Rabbit (Other)
HTML Summary of #387 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Dietary Dried Fennel and Oregano and Thyme Supplementation on Zootechnical Parameters of Growing Rabbit</epc:when>
The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the effects of fennel, oregano, and thyme dietary supplements on the feeding of rabbits. In this regard, 96 weaned rabbits (30-day-old), white New Zealand, were divided into 4 groups and submitted to the following dietary treatments: Control diet, F diet (Control diet + 5% Foeniculum vulgaris), O diet (Control diet + 5% Origanum compactum), and T diet (Control diet + 5% Thymus capitatus). The essential oils of the above mentioned aromatic plants were extracted and were analyzed using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer. The treatment of fennel, oregano, and thyme had no beneficial effects on the growth performance of the rabbits but reduced the mortality rate. The phenylpropanoid and the phenolic monoterpenes were the major components of Foeniculum vulgaris, Origanum compactum, and Thymus capitatus essential oils. The aromatic plants and their active compounds can be used as additives in rabbit nutrition.
Effect of Dietary Dried Fennel and Oregano and Thyme Supplementation on Zootechnical Parameters of Growing Rabbit
Effects of Bacillus Subtilis DSM 32315 on Immunity, Nutrient Transporters and Functional Diversity of Cecal Microbiome of Broiler Chickens in Necrotic Enteritis Challenge (Text)
Effects of Bacillus Subtilis DSM 32315 on Immunity, Nutrient Transporters and Functional Diversity of Cecal Microbiome of Broiler Chickens in Necrotic Enteritis Challenge (Other)
HTML Summary of #140 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Bacillus Subtilis DSM 32315 on Immunity, Nutrient Transporters and Functional Diversity of Cecal Microbiome of Broiler Chickens in Necrotic Enteritis Challenge</epc:when>
This study was conducted to determine the effects of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 probiotic and antibiotic enramycin in broiler chickens with Clostridium perfringens induced-Necrotic enteritis on cecal microbial populations, functional diversity, nutrients transporters and cytokines mRNA expression. Day-old broilers (n= 360), Arbor Acre were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments such as control, basal diet fed-group only; antibiotic, basal diet plus enramycin 5 mg/kg; and probiotic group, basal diet plus Bacillus subtilis 2 x109 CFU/g. Antibiotic and probiotic fed groups was challenged with Clostridium perfringens at day1, and from day 14 to day 21. The results of present study showed that broiler chickens supplemented with antibiotic and probiotic significantly exhibited higher abundance of gut beneficial bacteria at the 21 and 35 days of age, while upregulated the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine enterleukin-10 and secretory immunoglobulin-A. Expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma were downregulated. Nutrient transporters of Peptide transporter-1, L amino transporter-2 and Cationic amino acid transporter-2 were upregulated in supplemented groups. More so, glucose transporter-2 Sodium glucose transporter-1, Solute carrier family 3, member 1, carbohydrates and vitamin metabolism cofactor enriched in probiotic fed-group, while control group exhibited up-regulation in interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma. Overall, supplementation of Bacillus subtilis DMS 32315 reduced the negative impact of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens, and enhanced the gut-microbial community.
Effects of Bacillus Subtilis DSM 32315 on Immunity, Nutrient Transporters and Functional Diversity of Cecal Microbiome of Broiler Chickens in Necrotic Enteritis Challenge
Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Pentadiplandra brazzeana Powder on Growth Performances, Gut Microbiota, and Haemato-Biochemical Indices of Broiler Chickens (Text)
Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Pentadiplandra brazzeana Powder on Growth Performances, Gut Microbiota, and Haemato-Biochemical Indices of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #392 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Pentadiplandra brazzeana Powder on Growth Performances, Gut Microbiota, and Haemato-Biochemical Indices of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
This study was designed to assess the rearing performances of broiler chickens under two Pentadiplandra brazzeana powder feeding diets. A total of 256 day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups with 4 replicates of 16 birds each in a completely randomized design. This trial involved administrating Pentadiplandra brazzeana powder to broiler chickens via drinking water (2 g/l) or dry feed (2 g/kg) and comparing the result to those obtained from chickens fed on antibiotic (1 g/kg) and chickens fed without additive. The results revealed that the incorporation of Pentadiplandra brazzeana powder in chickens’ diet and drinking water could decrease feed intake, compared to the negative control diet. The inclusion of Pentadiplandra brazzeana powder in water and antibiotic in diet recorded the high live weight and weight gain, compared to the birds fed with the powder in feed and the negative control diet. The low feed conversion ratio was reported with the water supplemented with P. brazzeana powder. The carcass yield was significantly higher with the inclusion of the powder via drinking water, compared to the inclusion via feed and with the control diet. The feeding method did not affect the haemato-biochemical parameters, compared to the control diet. Chickens fed with a diet containing Pentadiplandra brazzeana powder in water recorded the highest (p<0.05) lactic acid bacteria count, compared to E. coli and Salmonella. In conclusion, dietary supplementing with Pentadiplandra brazzeana powder through drinking water at a rate of 2 g/l can be used as an alternative to antibiotics to improve the growth performances of broiler chickens.
Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Pentadiplandra brazzeana Powder on Growth Performances, Gut Microbiota, and Haemato-Biochemical Indices of Broiler Chickens
Circulating Antibodies Against Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease in Semi-Captive Peacocks in Southwestern Guatemala (Text)
Circulating Antibodies Against Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease in Semi-Captive Peacocks in Southwestern Guatemala (Other)
HTML Summary of #146 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Circulating Antibodies Against Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease in Semi-Captive Peacocks in Southwestern Guatemala</epc:when>
Avian Influenza and Newcastle disease are the two most important diseases of poultry and are globally considered as threats to public health and economy. There is little information published about these diseases in peacocks and other common backyard poultry in Guatemala. Therefore, an exploratory serosurvey was conducted to determine the presence of circulating antibodies to Avian Influenza (AI) and Newcastle Disease (ND) viruses in a semi-captive population of peacocks in southwestern Guatemala. Additionally, the circulation of antibodies to these pathogens in backyard chickens, ducks, and turkeys from a neighboring community was explored. Blood samples were obtained from 48 peacocks, 30 chickens, 6 ducks, and 4 turkeys. The samples were processed in the Regional Reference Laboratory for Animal Health, at the Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of San Carlos of Guatemala, located in Guatemala City. Antibodies against AI virus were investigated by Agar Gel Immunodiffusion, and antibodies against ND virus were examined using Hemagglutination Inhibition. No antibodies against AI virus were detected. Most of the samples (97.7%) were negative for antibodies against ND virus, except for two turkeys that carried low antibody titers. The findings of the present study indicate that no virulent strains of AI or ND viruses were circulating in the investigated site.
Circulating Antibodies Against Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease in Semi-Captive Peacocks in Southwestern Guatemala
Isolation, Molecular, and Pathological Characterization of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus among Broiler Chickens in Morocco (Text)
Isolation, Molecular, and Pathological Characterization of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus among Broiler Chickens in Morocco (Other)
HTML Summary of #148 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Isolation, Molecular, and Pathological Characterization of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus among Broiler Chickens in Morocco</epc:when>
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a contagious viral disease of young chickens that causes immunosuppression, mortality, and growth retardation. This pathology has severely affected the Moroccan poultry industry. The objective of the present study was the isolation, molecular characterization, and histopathology examinations of infectious bursal disease virus collected from 49 suspected farms from different regions of the country from 2013 to 2016. The real-time PCR results indicated that 41 out of 49 farm cases were found positive with a prevalence of 41% for classical virulent IBD virus (IBDV) and 59% for very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV). Pathological examinations showed the presence of two types of lesions, including acute to subacute lesions with a prevalence of 86%, and the sub-chronic to chronic lesions with a prevalence of 14%. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences for the hypervariable region of VP2 for 7 vvIBDVs were compared to worldwide IBDV isolates and the findings suggested that it belonged to a group of very virulent strains. Phylogenetically, all the Moroccan vvIBDV field isolates were grouped in the same cluster with Malaysian and European vvIBDV isolates. This report demonstrated the continuous circulation of vvIBDV in commercial poultry farms in Morocco since 2013.
Isolation, Molecular, and Pathological Characterization of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus among Broiler Chickens in Morocco
The psychological impact of COVID-19 on the college students in Nepal (Text)
The psychological impact of COVID-19 on the college students in Nepal (Other)
JEMS 10(3) 55-60, 2020-impact of COVID-19 on college students.pdf
HTML Summary of #1009 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The psychological impact of COVID-19 on the college students in Nepal</epc:when>
This article focuses on the psychological impact of COVID-19 and its effect among the Nepali college students. As we know, the pandemic started in China with a few pneumonia-like cases and has spread all over the world since December 2019.The outbreak has not only caused suffering and fatality but also increased psychological stress and panic among people. This study used convenience sampling and web-based quantitative questionnaire that included the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and other basic information to identify the psychological impact of the pandemic. The General Anxiety Disorder Scale results indicated that two-third of the college students who responded to the survey had some level of anxiety, ranging from mild to moderate and severe. Associated gender of the respondents had some relation to the anxiety during this pandemic. The correlation analysis results indicated that certain worries related to financial impact of COVID were positively associated with anxiety symptoms (P<0.05). In contrast to this, support from family, friends and society was negatively correlated with the level of anxiety (P<0.001). It shows that social support provides necessary help to college students in dealing with stressors and anxiousness that comes with uncertain situations.
The psychological impact of COVID-19 on the college students in Nepal
Antibacterial Efficacy of Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles against Escherichia coli in Minced Meat (Text)
Antibacterial Efficacy of Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles against Escherichia coli in Minced Meat (Other)
HTML Summary of #406 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Antibacterial Efficacy of Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles against Escherichia coli in Minced Meat</epc:when>
Antibacterial nanoparticles are a new approach to control the safety of meat and meat products. This work aimed to investigate the antibacterial effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, alone or together, against Escherichia coli. Antibacterial activity of these nanomaterials was evaluated using the disc diffusion method. In this regard, minced meat samples were inoculated with E. coli and treated with different concentrations of two nanomaterials (approximately 20 nm), including 6 mM and 12 mM ZnO, 6 mM and 12 mM TiO2, and a combination of 6 mM ZnO and 6 mM TiO2, then stored at 4°C for 17 days. The results indicated that ZnO (12 mM) had a significant reduction effect on E. coli count in minced meat, followed by the combination of ZnO and TiO2, and 12 mM TiO2 alone. The antibacterial activity of ZnO, TiO2, and combination of ZnO and TiO2 was also examined using a transmission electron microscope and it was found that 12Mm ZnO had a higher destructive effect on bacterial cell than the mixture of ZnO + TiO2, and 12Mm TiO2 alone. The disc diffusion method showed that ZnO (12 mM) was the most effective concentration used against E. coli. It is concluded that 12 mM ZnO nanoparticles have the best antibacterial effect against E. coli in minced meat stored at 4 °C for 17 days.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles against Escherichia coli in Minced Meat
Physiological and Reproductive Responses of Domyati Ducks to Different Dietary Levels of Coconut Oil as a Source of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids during Laying Period (Text)
Physiological and Reproductive Responses of Domyati Ducks to Different Dietary Levels of Coconut Oil as a Source of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids during Laying Period (Other)
HTML Summary of #175 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Physiological and Reproductive Responses of Domyati Ducks to Different Dietary Levels of Coconut Oil as a Source of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids during Laying Period</epc:when>
The objective of this study was to determine the optimal level of coconut oil (CO) supplementation in the diet to enhance the performance of Domyati ducks. A total number of 300 Domyati ducks (240 females and 60 males) aged 25-week-old were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups of three replicates, each replicate included 5 males and 20 females of Domyati ducks. The groups received CO at 0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% during the experimental period. The results indicated that egg weight, egg number, and egg mass significantly increased in treated groups, compared to the control group. Furthermore, fertility and hatchability percentages were superior in 1.0, and 1.5% CO groups, compared to other experimental groups. Low-density lipoprotein in ducks that received CO was significantly lower than that of the control group. It is concluded that the inclusion of CO at a 1.5% level could be enough and useful for improving the reproductive and physiological performance of Domyati ducks.
Physiological and Reproductive Responses of Domyati Ducks to Different Dietary Levels of Coconut Oil as a Source of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids during Laying Period
Physical Performance of Broiler Chickens Affected by Dietary Biological Additives (Text)
Physical Performance of Broiler Chickens Affected by Dietary Biological Additives (Other)
HTML Summary of #176 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Physical Performance of Broiler Chickens Affected by Dietary Biological Additives</epc:when>
The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast as a probiotic, compared to sodium butyrate as an organic acid on the productive performance of broiler chickens, with special attention to their economic efficiency. Therefore, 270 of one-day-old Hubbard broiler chickens were divided into 5 groups. The first group included chickens receiving basal ration without any treatment (and considered as a control group). The second group was composed of chickens treated with 0.2 g SB/kg, the third group embraced chickens treated with 0.3 g SB/kg, the fourth group included chickens treated with 0.2 g SC/kg, and the fifth group consisted of chickens treated with 0.3 g SC/kg. The obtained results showed that administration of sodium butyrate or yeast showed a significant improvement of final body weight (BW), body weight change, feed conversion ratio and performance index from third to fifth weeks of age. Nevertheless, all treated groups showed an insignificant effect in feed intake, compared to control group. Furthermore, the dietary addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was detected more profitable than sodium butyrate addition. Accordingly, it can be concluded that sodium butyrate and yeast can be successively used as a natural substitute for antibiotic growth-promoting agents in the broiler chickens. Yeast can be considered as the most important alternative followed by sodium butyrate.
Physical Performance of Broiler Chickens Affected by Dietary Biological Additives
Sequencing of bcfC Gene of Salmonella Typhimurium Isolated from Ducks in Egypt (Text)
Sequencing of bcfC Gene of Salmonella Typhimurium Isolated from Ducks in Egypt (Other)
HTML Summary of #419 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Sequencing of bcfC Gene of Salmonella Typhimurium Isolated from Ducks in Egypt</epc:when>
The main objective of this study was to applying bcfC gene sequence of Salmonella Typhimurium recently isolated from ducks to give insight into the source and origin, molecular epidemiology, disease pattern of Salmonella Typhimurium in Egyptian duck farms. Out of 75 fecal swab samples, 15 (20%) local field isolates were detected and confirmed phenotypically by culturing, gram staining, biochemically and serologically to be Salmonella Typhimurium. The PCR amplification with bcfC gene-specific primers was conducted with genomic DNA, which revealed a product with the approximate size of 467 bp. TheBcfC gene was found in 7 (46.6%) isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium. Phylogenetic and partial gene sequence analysis of bcfC gene of Salmonella Typhimurium showed clear clustering of Egyptian isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium and different Salmonella strains uploaded from GenBank. Sequence identities between the isolated Egyptian strain and different Salmonella Typhimurium strains from GenBank revealed 99.8-100% homology. Open reading frame (ORF) analysis of Salmonella typhimurium bcfC gene using NCBI tool and ORF analysis of bcfC gene protein translation using ExPasy (SIB Bioinformatics Resource Portal) indicated all open reading frames of a specified minimum size in a sequence of (453 bp). The 3 conserved domains region in the nucleotide sequence were PapC N-terminal domain (107-394bp), PRK15193 outer membrane usher protein (56-424bp), and FimD Outer membrane usher protein FimD/PapC (cell motility, extracellular structures, 56-424bp). The PapC N-terminal domain was a structural domain found at the N-terminus of S. typhimurium PapC protein and had a central role in the pili assembly chaperone usher system (CUP). Amino acids alignment report of the sequenced 415 amino acid of Salmonella Typhimurium bcfC gene showed great homology between the Egyptian Salmonella Typhimurium strain and the different Salmonella strains uploaded from GenBank. Nucleotide alignment report of the sequenced Salmonella Typhimurium bcfC gene at (417bp) demonstrated great homology between the Egyptian Salmonella Typhimurium strain and the different Salmonella strains uploaded from GenBank. In conclusion, the Egyptian Salmonella Typhimurium isolate was related to the common sequence types isolated from humans and bovine-based products across the world especially in the United Kingdom, USA, Ireland, and México. Most of the duck farms from which we isolated the Egyptian Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were located in the same geographical area of cattle farms in addition to the duck farms lacked the requirements of biosecurity, which could facilitate the circulatory transmission of salmonella strains between the human beings and other animal farms, including duck farms. Moreover, the PapC N-terminal domain was a central conserved domain encoded by bcfC gene of S. Typhimurium. A PapC N-terminal conserved domain can be used as a vaccine target for vaccine production against S. Typhimurium.
Sequencing of bcfC Gene of Salmonella Typhimurium Isolated from Ducks in Egypt
Dog as Potential Source of Helicobacter pylori in Egypt: Public Health Significance (Text)
Dog as Potential Source of Helicobacter pylori in Egypt: Public Health Significance (Other)
HTML Summary of #416 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Dog as Potential Source of Helicobacter pylori in Egypt: Public Health Significance</epc:when>
Helicobacter species are a group of Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacteria, which are known to colonize the gastrointestinal and biliary tracts of humans and various animal species. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in owned dogs and their role in the transmission of H. pylori to the dog owners. For this purpose, 60 gastric biopsy samples from dog owners and 80 stool samples from owned dogs were collected and examined for the presence of H. pylori 16s rRNA gene by nested PCR. The PCR positive samples from human and dog isolates were further subjected to partial Helicobacter genus-specific 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequence of this gene was performed to determine the relationship between human and dog isolates. H. pylori was detected in 62.5% and 91.6% of dog and human samples, respectively. The nucleotide sequence of Helicobacter genus-specific 16s rRNA gene of human and dog isolates were similar. In conclusion, this study indicated a high prevalence of H. pylori in both dogs and dog owners in Egypt. Zoonotic transmission of H. pylori between dogs and humans is probable and represents a public health concern.
Dog as Potential Source of Helicobacter pylori in Egypt: Public Health Significance
PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF GENETIC RESOURCES OF INDIGENOUS CATTLE IN WEST GONDAR ZONE OF ETHIOPIA (Text)
PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF GENETIC RESOURCES OF INDIGENOUS CATTLE IN WEST GONDAR ZONE OF ETHIOPIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #53 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF GENETIC RESOURCES OF INDIGENOUS CATTLE IN WEST GONDAR ZONE OF ETHIOPIA</epc:when>
This study was conducted to identify and phenotypic characterization of the existing indigenous cattle genetic resources in the three districts of West Gondar zone of Amhara Region based on their descriptive morphological characteristics. A total of six sampling sites were purposively selected based on the distribution of unique cattle types. Key informant and focus group discussions were used to identify the new genetic resources. A total of 180 adult male and 720 female cattle were selected for 20 morphological and 9 biometrical traits. The focus group discussions revealed that, diversified indigenous cattle were found (Fellata in Quara, Rutana in Metema, Miramir in West Armachiho and Qocherie from all Districts). The overall mean linear body measurements of male cattle for horn length, body length, heart girth, canon bone length and cannon bone circumferences were 23.92 cm, 127.97 cm, 161.15cm, 20.37 cm and 19.81 respectively. Females had horn length (25.86 cm), body length (122.85 cm), pelvic width (37.47 cm) and canon bone length (19.26 cm), canon bone circumferences (18.36 cm) and mouth circumferences (36 cm). In a discriminate analysis, all sampled populations were classified with the overall hit rates of 75 for males and 60 for females. The shortest and longest mehalanobis distances were between Abrajira with Dubaba (0.762) and Gendawuha Birshign with Mirt Gelegu (37.88) for male and Gendawuha Birshign with Dubaba (0.358) and Gendawuha Birshign with Mirt Gelegu (29.37) for females, respectively. In stepwise discriminate analysis the top traits which were highly discriminated male cattle populations were cannon bone length, horn length and cannon bone circumferences. This was similar in females except the replacement of cannon bone circumferences with mouth circumferences. Three clusters were formed (Fellata from Mirt Gelegu in cluster one and Qocherie from Gendawuha Birshign, Dubaba and Abrajira in cluster two and Rutta from Lominat Forgena and Miramir from Gilal Wuha in cluster three. Three indigenous cattle types were identified with their phenotypic features and further molecular characterization should be done to confirm their genetic distinctiveness. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF GENETIC RESOURCES OF INDIGENOUS CATTLE IN WEST GONDAR ZONE OF ETHIOPIA
Trace Elements Profiles of Pregnant Camels (Camilus dromedaries), Fetus, and Amniotic Fluid at Birth and their Associations with Calf Birth Weight (Text)
Trace Elements Profiles of Pregnant Camels (Camilus dromedaries), Fetus, and Amniotic Fluid at Birth and their Associations with Calf Birth Weight (Other)
HTML Summary of #425 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Trace Elements Profiles of Pregnant Camels (Camilus dromedaries), Fetus, and Amniotic Fluid at Birth and their Associations with Calf Birth Weight</epc:when>
Amniotic fluid is a dynamic complex mixture that carries components contributing to the regulation of fetal development. The present study aimed to measure the levels of trace elements, such as Fe, Zn, Cu, Mg, Se, and Mn in amniotic fluid, maternal serum, and venous umbilical cord serum at delivery. The study further investigated the relationships among levels of elements in amniotic fluid (AF), maternal serum (MS), and venous umbilical cord serum (VUCS) in order to assess the possibility of monitoring abnormal fetal growth. Blood samples were obtained from 30 pregnant female camels at delivery and the corresponding VUCS and AF were examined. The Fe, Zn, Cu, Mg, Se, and Mn were analyzed on the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Concentrations of trace elements, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mg, Se, and Mn in VUCS were significantly higher, compared to MS or AF. The trace elements, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mg, Se, and Mn were present in significantly lower concentrations of AF than in MS or VUCS. Neonatal birth weight did not correlate with MS levels of the trace elements. However, neonatal weight correlated positively with venous cord serum Fe, Se, and Zn levels. There was a scarcity of correlation between maternal and fetus trace elements in the pregnant camels. In conclusion, AF could even be the result of simple filtration of maternal blood. Evaluation of selected trace element levels in MS did not appear to be useful within the assessment of fetus growth. The findings of this study indicated an active transport for Fe, Zn, Cu, Mg, Se, and Mn between pregnant camels and fetus.
Trace Elements Profiles of Pregnant Camels (Camilus dromedaries), Fetus, and Amniotic Fluid at Birth and their Associations with Calf Birth Weight
Therapeutic application of monoclonal antibodies: a review (Text)
Therapeutic application of monoclonal antibodies: a review (Other)
JLSB 10(5) 59-69, 2020 - Therapeutic application of monoclonal antibodies.pdf
HTML Summary of #558 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Therapeutic application of monoclonal antibodies: a review</epc:when>
Introduction. Antibodies are an important class of proteins produced when a foreign entity elicits an immune response in the body. There are 5 major classes of antibodies, IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE. The structure and immune function of immunoglobulins differ. An antibody contains two light and two heavy chains, which are linked by multiple disulphide bonds. Variable regions are found on light and heavy chains, known as the fragment antigen-binding (Fab) region, and a constant region, which is also known as the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region. Antibodies are, as a class, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents with activity against all classes of pathogens. However, individual antibodies are usually pathogen-specific. Monoclonal antibodies, which specifically recognize one epitope of the cognate antigen, can be generated by using antibody engineering techniques such as hybridoma, phage display, and transgenic technologies. Removal of the entire constant region or part of the whole Fc portion generates antibody fragments such as Fab, scFv, and diabodies. Better tissue or tumor penetration characteristic of antibody fragments make them suited for the therapy overusing the whole antibody, hence most suited for therapy. Aim. Nowadays, it is possible to use antibodies for different therapeutic applications by modifying either their structural or functional properties.
Therapeutic application of monoclonal antibodies: a review
Effects of Tribulus terrestris Fruits on Renal and Lung Tissues in Female Mice Administered with Cadmium (Text)
Effects of Tribulus terrestris Fruits on Renal and Lung Tissues in Female Mice Administered with Cadmium (Other)
HTML Summary of #428 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Tribulus terrestris Fruits on Renal and Lung Tissues in Female Mice Administered with Cadmium</epc:when>
The current study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of Tribulus Terrestris on kidney and lung tissues against cadmium toxicity in female mice. In this regard, 20 female albino mice were randomly assigned into three groups; the first group served as the control group, the second group was given the toxic substance (cadmium 6 mg/kg) only, and the third group was given cadmium (6 mg/kg) plus the alcoholic extract of the Tribulus terrestris fruit (200 mg/kg). The substances were administered orally by stomach tube daily for 10 days. On the last day of the study, the animals were euthanized, and their kidney and lung were sampled for histological study. The kidney tissue in mice exposed to cadmium showed cellular inflammation, necrosis, hyperplasia, and large urinary space in Bowman's capsule in comparison to the normal appearance of tissues in the mice in the other two groups. The large aggregations of lymphocytes around the bronchus and edema in the lungs exposed to cadmium were observed. The lungs of some mice exposed to cadmium and treated with Tribulus terrestris fruit indicated normal tissue appearance, while others showed large aggregations of lymphocytes between alveolar sacs and thick interalveolar septa. The Tribulus terrestris protected the kidneys against the toxicity of the cadmium while this plant had fewer protective effects against cadmium in the lung tissue. These results demonstrated that Tribulus terrestris ameliorated cadmium toxicity.
Effects of Tribulus terrestris Fruits on Renal and Lung Tissues in Female Mice Administered with Cadmium
PREVALENCE OF ECTOPARASITES IN SMALL RUMINANTS (CASE: AFAR REGION OF ETHIOPIA) (Text)
PREVALENCE OF ECTOPARASITES IN SMALL RUMINANTS (CASE: AFAR REGION OF ETHIOPIA) (Other)
HTML Summary of #48 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PREVALENCE OF ECTOPARASITES IN SMALL RUMINANTS (CASE: AFAR REGION OF ETHIOPIA)</epc:when>
A study was conducted from August 2016 to November 2017 to investigate the prevalance of major ectoparasites of small ruminant and associated risk factors in fourteen districts found in the three Zones of Afar Regional State of Ethiopia. A total of 5376 small ruminants were examined to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites, includes 3696 goats and 1680 sheep. 1443 (39.00) goats and 839 (49.90) sheep were found infested with different ectoparasites. The result of the study showed that statically significant difference was found between species of sheep and goats in related to ectoparasite infestation. The overall prevalence of ectoparasite indiocates that 2282 (42.45) small ruminants were infested by ectoparasites. The most common ectoparasites encountered in order of their predominance were 1968 (36.6), 155 (2.88), 105 (1.95) and 54 (0.56 ) ticks, mange mites, lice and flea infestation, respectively. In the present study, five genera of ticks (Rhipicephalus, Hyalomma, Amblyomma and Boophilus), two genera of lice (Linognathus and Damalina) three genera of mites (Sarcoptes, Demodex and Psoroptes), and one genera of flea ctenocephalides were identified on the study animals. Rhipicephalus, Hylomma, Boophilus, Ambylomma was identified as the predominant genera. The prevalence of ectoparasite infestation for different age groups, sex and body condition score were found to vary significantly. In conclusion, among ectoparasites species recorded in the area ticks was found to be highly prevalent in sheep and goats. Tick was predominant followed by mite, lice and flea. The present study revealed an overall ectoparasite prevalence of 2282 (42.45) in both small ruminant species. Of this, 839 (49.9) and 1443 (39) was in sheep and goats, respectively. It also revealed that ticks, mites, lice and fleas are common ectoparasites in the study area. to reduce high prevalence of ectoparasites and their impact on the productivity in small ruminants requires immediate attention, control interventions. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All rights reserved
PREVALENCE OF ECTOPARASITES IN SMALL RUMINANTS (CASE: AFAR REGION OF ETHIOPIA)
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS OF DOMESTIC RUMINANTS IN ETHIOPIA (Text)
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS OF DOMESTIC RUMINANTS IN ETHIOPIA (Other)
HTML Summary of #54 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS OF DOMESTIC RUMINANTS IN ETHIOPIA</epc:when>
This systemic review was conducted to identify, critically assess, and bring together available data from primary researches conducted so far on gastrointestinal (GI) helminthes of domestic ruminants in Ethiopia. In the country, GI helminths of domestic ruminants have been identified; examined and informative statistics has been extracted since a few decades ago. For this review, relevant articles were retrieved from English databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science and Scientific Information Database (SID). Additional studies were recognized by scanning the African Journal Online (AJOL) that includes the Ethiopian Veterinary Journal and Bulletin of Animal Health and Production. Out of retrieved (n=154) articles, thirty three (n=37) articles which fulfilled the eligibility criteria were selected. Accordingly, twenty three GI helminthes species which belong to the three classes of helminthes have been found to occur in domestic ruminants in the country. The main genera reported so far are Haemonchus, Strongyloides, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum, Bunostomum, Fasciola, Monezia and Paramphistomum whereas, Haemochus contortus, Moneizia expansa and Fasciolahepatica are the most frequently reported species from Nematode, Cestode and Trematode classes respectively. The overall GI helminths prevalence ranged from 2.3 to 100 were reported. Simple flotation, sedimentation, modified McMaster technique and faecal culture are the most common and routine diagnostic methods which have been used in the country. Management aspects like husbandry practices, climate and host influences are found to be the principal contributing factors that affect GI helminths infections. So far, the control of GI parasites in the country is mainly focusing on the use of anthelmintics. Consequently, due to the lack of effective control strategies, antihelmintics are exclusively used which result in antihelmintics resistance. Generally, occurrence, epidemiological features, realistic control strategies, common diagnostic procedures and frequently encountered species are reviewed. Finally, the relevance of epidemiological knowledge and the development of efficient, sustainable and conventional control measures which cover wider ago-climatic zones of the country are suggested for controlling GI helminths infections and should be assessed timely. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS OF DOMESTIC RUMINANTS IN ETHIOPIA
Contribution of Veterinary Sector to Control COVID-19 Pandemic in Nepal (Text)
Contribution of Veterinary Sector to Control COVID-19 Pandemic in Nepal (Other)
HTML Summary of #434 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Contribution of Veterinary Sector to Control COVID-19 Pandemic in Nepal</epc:when>
Nepal has been identified in a high-risk zone by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the Corona Virus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Nepal’s first official reported case was confirmed on 13 January 2020 and so far, 24,000 cases have tested positive with 91 deaths. The imposition of lockdown has begun since March 24 and it was extended until 22 July. Reverse transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction and rapid diagnostic tests are used by the Government of Nepal to identify COVID-19. Among the worst-hit sectors are tourism as well as travel and the farming industries, the later contributes to the employment of around 65% of the population and a significant share of the national economy. The loss of commercial sectors, such as dairy, feed, and poultry industries are estimated to be in billions of rupees. One shortcoming of resource poorly managed countries, such as Nepal is the lack of interdisciplinary coordination. Over half a decade long professional existence and crucial contributions in Nepal’s overall development, veterinarians are just beginning to be recognized as essential service providers. Since veterinarians of Nepal have the experience of eradicating cattle plague dealing with Avian Influenza and Swine Flu among others, they study and seem to be mentally prepared to handle pandemics. Currently, five veterinary diseases diagnostic laboratories with RT-PCR facilities are serving as COVID-19 diagnosis labs. Veterinarians from Nepal are serving in innovating newer tools as well as performing, supervising, evaluating, reporting diagnosis, and actively in pursuit of establishing the One Health (OH) approach. The sincere and patriotic role played by veterinarians has pressurized the government of Nepal to recognize veterinary service as an essential commodity. In this regard, universities should take the lead and bring veterinarians in policy and planning as well as decision making. The Tribhuvan University is responsible to have the initiative and Agriculture and Forestry University to deliver the missed opportunities. The 17 sustainable development goals that are to be achieved by 2030 are not possible without a multi-sectoral approach and veterinarians are best suited in this regard. It also needs to be realized that veterinarians are better positioned to handle emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases and capable of combating the present situation of COVID19 pandemics. Reiterating the fact that OH approach should not only be in paper and there is no alternative but combined utilization of scarce resources for healthy animals, humans, and the environment with the veterinary profession at its core.
Contribution of Veterinary Sector to Control COVID-19 Pandemic in Nepal
Effect of Polar and Non Polar Extract of Ferula Assafoetida Dermanyssus Gallinae in Vivo and in Vitro Conditions (Text)
Effect of Polar and Non Polar Extract of Ferula Assafoetida Dermanyssus Gallinae in Vivo and in Vitro Conditions (Other)
HTML Summary of #198 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Polar and Non Polar Extract of Ferula Assafoetida Dermanyssus Gallinae in Vivo and in Vitro Conditions</epc:when>
Dermanyssus gallinae is one of the most common arthropods in layers that affects the quality and quantity of egg production. Although there are different synthetic compounds against this mite, but despite these compounds, drug resistance and the presence of these compounds and synthetic compounds in meat and eggs makes that the use of alternative methods, as well as increased use of herbal extracts and essential oils. In the present study, the N-Hexane and Ethanol extracts of Ferula assafoetida were used. GC-MS analysis revealed the constituents of the two extracts. The lethal properties of the extracts were determined by contact toxicity. In this field study, ethanolic extract of Ferula assafoetida was sprayed on laying hens that infected with red mite. The most available compounds of the Ethanol extract and N-hexan extract of Ferula assafoetida were Diethylpyridine and Aurapten respectively in this study. The LC50 of Ethanol extract of Ferula assafoetida was 16 µg/cm3 and in vitro study determined that ethanolic extract of Ferula assafoetida has been able to reduce the red mite population. This study indicated Ethanol extract of Ferula assafoetida could use as a substitute compound against red mite.
Effect of Polar and Non Polar Extract of Ferula Assafoetida Dermanyssus Gallinae in Vivo and in Vitro Conditions
Isolation of Newcastle Disease Virus from Wild Migratory Birds in Egypt (Text)
Isolation of Newcastle Disease Virus from Wild Migratory Birds in Egypt (Other)
HTML Summary of #211 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Isolation of Newcastle Disease Virus from Wild Migratory Birds in Egypt</epc:when>
Surveillance studies for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are critical to monitor the potential spreading of these viruses among wild birds as well as domestic poultry. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of NDV in wild birds in Egypt in 2016. Out of 159 collected samples from eight different species of wild birds, six (3.77%) samples were positive for paramyxoviruses by semi-nested RT-PCR assay based on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene. Of six positive samples, four NDVs were successfully isolated in 11-day-old specific-pathogen-free embryonated hens’ eggs. Partial sequences of the fusion gene of the four isolates were amplified using RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene and fusion genes indicated that the detected NDV viruses in wild birds in Egypt are related to class I NDVs strains. Four Egyptian NDV isolates from wild birds exhibited sequence motif of 111GERQER↓LVG119 at the cleavage site as lentogenic virus in wild birds. Continuous active surveillance may help better monitoring of NDVs circulating in wild birds before newly emerging viruses in domestic poultry.
Isolation of Newcastle Disease Virus from Wild Migratory Birds in Egypt
Morphology and Immunohistochemistry of Thymus in Haysex Brown Cross Chickens (Text)
Morphology and Immunohistochemistry of Thymus in Haysex Brown Cross Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #217 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Morphology and Immunohistochemistry of Thymus in Haysex Brown Cross Chickens</epc:when>
Thymus plays an important role in the development and regulation of immune responses and other physiological processes. The present study aimed to examine the morphological and immunohistochemical changes of the thymus in Haysex Brown cross chickens with regard to their age. The morphofunctional studies of thymus were performed to determine and analyze age-related changes in anatomical (absolute and relative thymus mass), histological (area of the thymus cortex and medulla, area of connective tissue base, cortex index, number of thymic corpuscles in the lobule), and immunohistochemical (subpopulations of lymphocytes with surface markers CD4+ and CD8+ and their differentiation status) indexes. The study demonstrated that maximum morphological development of thymus could be observed in 20 and 40-day-old chickens. Up to 20 days of age, thymus mass increased proportionally with the chicken body weight. The results indicated that 40-day-old chickens had 1.46 times increase in the cortex index, compared to 20-day-old birds and 1.82 times compared to 8-day-old birds. An increase in the density and number of T-lymphocytes with surface markers (CD4+) and was evident through aging. Regarding aging-associated alternations, the differentiation index (CD4+: CD8+ ratio) reached 1.26±0.09, 1.52±0.25, and 1.56±0.23 in 40, 90, and 110-day-old chickens, respectively. The histological and cell parameters of the thymus in clinically healthy chickens can be used as indicators of normal functioning and to diagnose immunodeficiency in birds.
Morphology and Immunohistochemistry of Thymus in Haysex Brown Cross Chickens
Enhancing STEM Students Success through Faculty-Mentored Undergraduate Research and Scholarship (Text)
Enhancing STEM Students Success through Faculty-Mentored Undergraduate Research and Scholarship (Other)
JEMS 10(3) 40-47, 2020, STEM Students’ Success.pdf
HTML Summary of #1007 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Enhancing STEM Students Success through Faculty-Mentored Undergraduate Research and Scholarship</epc:when>
Engaging students in faculty-mentored undergraduate research projects have been documented as an indispensable element in retention and enhancing STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) students’ learning experiences. In this paper, we report the outcome of the mentoring program, financial support of students in terms of the monthly stipend and tuition, and involving undergraduate students in research activities under the supervision of faculty members. The exploratory research is aimed at reporting the experiences gained from the five years scholarship and faculty-mentored undergraduate research program and the outcomes of engaging the students in paid research activities, and the awards and recognitions received by the students at a minority-serving institution (MSI). The work attempts to measure the students’ satisfaction and the contribution of the scholarship program with respect to the students’ academic achievements, graduate school enrollment in STEM discipline, paid internship and co-op and job opportunities secured by the students. The results of the students’ survey indicated that the scholarship and mentoring program positively impacted their success in securing summer internships and co-ops, admission to graduate schools, and employment opportunities. The results of the study will have a contribution to the existing body of literature in providing additional insight into the likely positive influence of scholarship funding allocated and provided to students by academic institutions, government agencies, and private organizations in enhancing the educational and professional success of undergraduate students.
Enhancing STEM Students Success through Faculty-Mentored Undergraduate Research and Scholarship
The Processing Effects of Anthocyanins Extracted from Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel on Total Amount of Anthocyanins and SEM Image in Poultry Nutrition (Text)
The Processing Effects of Anthocyanins Extracted from Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel on Total Amount of Anthocyanins and SEM Image in Poultry Nutrition (Other)
HTML Summary of #247 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Processing Effects of Anthocyanins Extracted from Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel on Total Amount of Anthocyanins and SEM Image in Poultry Nutrition</epc:when>
The purpose of present study was to know the effects of different processing of anthocyanin content and scan electron microscope image of anthocyanin of dragon fruit peel in poultry diet. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with different processing like untreated dragon fruit peel or control, physical, chemical, biological, and physical-biological, and each treatment was replicated 4 times. Variables measured were total amount of anthocyanin and anthocyanin image of dragon fruit peel. The results indicated that physical treatment significantly increased anthocyanin content of dragon fruit peel. Furthermore, treated dragon fruit peel with chemical, biological, and combination of physical-biological significantly reduced anthocyanin content. The image of anthocyanin from each treated processing revealed that control image was similar to physical treatment, and it was different from other treatments. The physical treatment was the best method to increase anthocyanin content, and did not change the image of anthocyanin from dragon fruit peel.
The Processing Effects of Anthocyanins Extracted from Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel on Total Amount of Anthocyanins and SEM Image in Poultry Nutrition
The relationship between social support and quality of working life with self-efficacy of high school principals in Izeh city, Iran (Text)
The relationship between social support and quality of working life with self-efficacy of high school principals in Izeh city, Iran (Other)
HTML Summary of #1008 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The relationship between social support and quality of working life with self-efficacy of high school principals in Izeh city, Iran</epc:when>
The purpose of this study was to explain the relationship between social support and quality of working life with self-efficacy of Izeh high school principals. In terms of nature and objectives, this study was a field study with correlational design. The statistical population of this study was the principals of Izeh secondary schools. In this study, a statistical sample of 250 people (125 men and 125 women who were selected by using random sampling method) was used to collect data from Phillips social support questionnaires, Shirer's self-efficacy, and Walton's quality of life, and its reliability was confirmed. To analyze the information obtained from the questionnaires, Pearson’s regression and simple correlation coefficient were used. The results showed that the relationship between social support and quality of working life with self-efficacy of high school principals Izeh have been significant.
The relationship between social support and quality of working life with self-efficacy of high school principals in Izeh city, Iran
EFFECTS OF TREHALOSE SUPPLEMENTATION ON POST-THAW SPERM QUALITY OF HONEY BEE DRONES (Text)
EFFECTS OF TREHALOSE SUPPLEMENTATION ON POST-THAW SPERM QUALITY OF HONEY BEE DRONES (Other)
HTML Summary of #50 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECTS OF TREHALOSE SUPPLEMENTATION ON POST-THAW SPERM QUALITY OF HONEY BEE DRONES</epc:when>
Sperm cryopreservation has led to an increase in widespread use and has it made it more practical to use artificial insemination not only for domestic animals but also for non-mammalian species and humans. Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) was the most frequently used cryoprotectant by protecting honey bee drone semen when freezing it. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of Trehalose (0.05M, 0.1M or none at all) on extending the viability of semen with 12 DMSO that was based on sperm motility and plasma membrane functional integrity of frozen drone semen. Three different freezing extender solutions were designated as follows; the 0.05M Trehalose, 0.1M Trehalose and Trehalose free (control group). Semen motility and plasma membrane functional integrity were evaluated under phase-contrast microscopy (400X). We found that in control group, DMSO is a critical substance in freezing extender and supports post-thaw sperm motility (53) and plasma membrane functional integrity (79) to some extent. Addition of 0.05M Trehalose to the extender leads to a small recovery of post-thaw motility (55) and plasma membrane integrity (89), but when Trehalose is added at 0.1M concentration, this led to significantly better post-thaw motility (62) and plasma membrane integrity (91). In conclusion, the freeze-thaw process is detrimental to post-thaw drone semen viability. The addition of 0.1 or 0.05M Trehalose to the freezing media containing 12 DMSO has been seen better post-thaw cell motility and plasma membrane integrity of spermatozoa. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All rights reserved
EFFECTS OF TREHALOSE SUPPLEMENTATION ON POST-THAW SPERM QUALITY OF HONEY BEE DRONES
Effects of Dietary Fermented Soy Isoflavones on Egg Quality of Laying Hens (Text)
Effects of Dietary Fermented Soy Isoflavones on Egg Quality of Laying Hens (Other)
HTML Summary of #285 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Dietary Fermented Soy Isoflavones on Egg Quality of Laying Hens</epc:when>
The present study aimed to examine the effects of fermented soy isoflavones on the poultry feed towards the quality of eggs. A total of 100 Isa Brown chickens aged 32 weeks were divided into 4 groups and 5 replicates, including T0 (control feed without the provision of fermented soy isoflavones), T1 (feed with 4% of fermented soy isoflavones), T2 (feed with 8% of fermented soy isoflavones), and T3 (feed with 12% of fermented soy isoflavones). The treatments were given for 10 weeks. The observed chemical qualities of eggs included HDL, LDL, isoflavones in egg yolks, physical quality (e.g., their weight and eggshell thickness). All the data were analyzed by using analysis of variance. The results showed that the administration of fermented soy isoflavones in poultry feed had no significant effect on egg weight and eggshell thickness (p> 0.05), but had a significant effect on HDL, LDL, and isoflavones in egg yolk (p< 0.01). Based on the results, it can be concluded that 80 mg/100 g of the fermented soy isoflavones (equivalent to the addition of 12%) in laying hens’ feed would increase the content of isoflavones and egg yolks’ HDL, reduce egg yolks’ LDL, and lead to no significant change in the weight and thickness of eggshells.
Effects of Dietary Fermented Soy Isoflavones on Egg Quality of Laying Hens
The Use of Giardia immunogenic Protein Fraction to Distinguish Assemblages in Humans and Animals (Text)
The Use of Giardia immunogenic Protein Fraction to Distinguish Assemblages in Humans and Animals (Other)
HTML Summary of #508 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Use of Giardia immunogenic Protein Fraction to Distinguish Assemblages in Humans and Animals</epc:when>
Buffalo calves have a high adverse effect on public health, specifically zoonotic Giardiasis in Egypt. The current study was carried out to investigate the use of enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot technique (EITB) as a preliminary step for the diagnosis of giardiasis before genotyping. For this purpose, fecal and blood samples were collected from diarrheic calves and workers in closed and non-closed beef buffalo farm. Zoonotic Giardia assemblage A was isolated from both diarrheic children and their close contact calves while the calves were infected by animal genotype assemblage E under low contact conditions. This was identified after the amplification and sequencing of a 292 bp fragment of 16S-rRNA ribosomal unit from 20 children and 28 calves Giardia isolates using nested PCR. Fractionation of different isolated Giardia assemblage and identification of specific fraction versus anti-Giardia-IgG antibodies in infected humans or animals using EITB revealed that α-1 giardin antigen with molecular weight ranged 29-34KDa. This specific immunogenic assemblage was fraction-related where it reacted specifically versus antibodies in sera of humans or animals infected by this assemblage and did not cross-react with giardin of other assemblage or with sera of non-infected cases. The results of the current study highlighted the use of EITB as a preliminary investigation before genotyping in the identification of zoonotic giardiasis.
The Use of Giardia immunogenic Protein Fraction to Distinguish Assemblages in Humans and Animals
STUDY OF THE UTILIZATION OF RIM (REFRESH MICROORGANISM) IN SUGARCANE (Text)
STUDY OF THE UTILIZATION OF RIM (REFRESH MICROORGANISM) IN SUGARCANE (Other)
HTML Summary of #49 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">STUDY OF THE UTILIZATION OF RIM (REFRESH MICROORGANISM) IN SUGARCANE</epc:when>
Sugarcane is used by its stems as the main raw material for sugar. In addition to improving soil structure, soil organic matter also supplies soil nutrients, especially Nitrogen, Phosphor and Sulfur, increases soil aggregate stability, increases groundwater holding capacity and increases soil recoverability. To overcome this problem, the use of RIM microorganism (refresh microorganism) technology in sugarcane fields needs to be done to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers which will ultimately lead to the realization of the application of organic farming systems in sugarcane cultivation. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of different dosage applications of RIM and various sources of organic matter on the growth and yield of sugarcane. This research consisted of two stages, namely in the greenhouse and in the field, namely (1) testing the growth of bud chip sugarcane seedlings using different growth media and microorganism technology (2) testing the effect of RIM applications and organic matter on the growth and yield of sugarcane. The use of RIM's Biological Agents by using Tricho derma, Sacharomyces, Bacillus, Rhizobium, Azotobacter and Pseudomonas bacteria was able to increase the growth of sugarcane buds. The combination of using RIM and manure can increase the number of leaves and the percentage of growing sugarcane. © Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved
STUDY OF THE UTILIZATION OF RIM (REFRESH MICROORGANISM) IN SUGARCANE
Production Performances of Indonesian Native Rooster (Gallus gallus domesticus) Supplemented with Germinated Mung Bean Sprouts and Acidifiers in the Diet (Text)
Production Performances of Indonesian Native Rooster (Gallus gallus domesticus) Supplemented with Germinated Mung Bean Sprouts and Acidifiers in the Diet (Other)
HTML Summary of #327 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Production Performances of Indonesian Native Rooster (Gallus gallus domesticus) Supplemented with Germinated Mung Bean Sprouts and Acidifiers in the Diet</epc:when>
The research aimed to analyze the production performances of the Indonesian native rooster (Gallus gallus domesticus) fed germinated mung bean sprouts and acidifier supplementation in the diet. A total of 24 roosters aged 12 months with an average body weight of 2.29 ± 0.23 kg were used for the research subject. The diet was composed of a basic diet supplemented with 48-hours germinated mung bean sprouts and acidifier, with a basic no supplement diet as a control group. The research was conducted as an in vivo factorial randomized block design with different amounts of germinated mung bean sprouts (0% and 1.8%) and acidifiers (0%, 0.4%, 0.80%, and 1.20%) as the research treatment. Each treatment was performed in triplicate, and the observed production performances include Daily Intake (DI) of feed, Feed Consumption Ratio (FCR), Average Daily Gain (ADG), and Body Weight (BW). All data were analyzed using ANOVA (analysis of variance) and then tested by Tukey’s test to determine significant differences. The results showed that the supplementation of mung bean sprouts and acidifiers did not give any differences from DI, FCR, ADG, and BW of Gallus gallus domesticus. However, the supplementation of germinated mung bean sprouts and acidifiers in the present research showed better overall production performances compared to the control group. The best production performance of the treatments was found at 1.8% germinated mung bean sprout and 1.2% acidifier additive based on the FCR (1.14±0.06) with DI at 91.94±1.11 gram (g)/head, ADG at 305.33±34.93 g/day, and final BW found after 30 days at 2,434.67±155.28 g. It has been concluded that the germinated mung bean sprout and acidifiers supplementation increases the production performance of Gallus gallus domesticus, with longer and higher supplement levels being suggested.
Production Performances of Indonesian Native Rooster (Gallus gallus domesticus) Supplemented with Germinated Mung Bean Sprouts and Acidifiers in the Diet
Cross Protectivity of Yolk Immunoglobulin Anti-Hemagglutinin Protein of High Pathogenic Avian Influenza A subtypes H5N1 Administered on Chicken Infected by High Pathogenic Avian Influenza A subtypes H5N1 (Text)
Cross Protectivity of Yolk Immunoglobulin Anti-Hemagglutinin Protein of High Pathogenic Avian Influenza A subtypes H5N1 Administered on Chicken Infected by High Pathogenic Avian Influenza A subtypes H5N1 (Other)
HTML Summary of #529 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Cross Protectivity of Yolk Immunoglobulin Anti-Hemagglutinin Protein of High Pathogenic Avian Influenza A subtypes H5N1 Administered on Chicken Infected by High Pathogenic Avian Influenza A subtypes H5N1</epc:when>
Yolk Immunoglobulin (IgY) against Avian Influenza (AI) is commonly used as immunotherapy and immunodiagnostic techniques. Application of IgY mixed in drinking water is known effective to inhibit AI replication. The effectivity of IgY anti-Hemagglutinin Protein (anti-HA) of High Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) clade 2.1 (A/Chicken/Blitar/2003) was tested against infection of High Pathogenic Avian Influenza clade 2.3.2 (A/Duck/Sidoarjo/2012). The inhibiting activity was observed through Immunohistochemistry. Sixty chickens were infected with 105 EID50/ml of HPAI clade 2.3.2 (A/Duck/Sidoarjo/2012). Yolk Immunoglobulin with different amounts (0 µg, 100 µg, 200 µg and 400 µg) were administered at three different times which were 24 hours before infection, at the time of infection, and 24 hours after infection. The observation was conducted for 7 days. During post infection observation, death chickens were managed for immunohistochemistry assay to observe the present of virion and IgY sialic acid 2,3-alfa galactosa (SA α 2,3 gal) blocking activity in septa alveoli. By the end of observation all chickens were euthanized for immunohistochemistry assay. The result showed that anti-HA IgY obtained from HPAI clade 2.1 could protecting infection of HPAI clade 2.3.2. According to immunohistochemistry assay, the administration of IgY can neutralize the infecting virus marked by the number of virions observed in septa alveoli of the lungs. Regarding the assay, the dose of 200 µg and 400 µg of IgY applied 24 hours before the infection, can reduce clinical signs and mortality of infected chicken (80-100%). The best dose of the IgY to protect them from infection of clade 2.3.2 (A/Duck/Sidoarjo/2012) was 400 µg administered 24 hours before infection. It could be concluded that administration of IgY anti-Haemaglutinin Protein (anti-HA) of High Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) clade 2.1 (A/Chicken/Blitar/2003) could protect chickens against the infection of HPAI clade 2.3.2 (A/Duck/Sidoarjo/2012), even though they belong different clades. The protection rate was 80-100%. Further research should be done to discover the cross-protectivity of IgY as preventive method against HPAI outbreak.
Cross Protectivity of Yolk Immunoglobulin Anti-Hemagglutinin Protein of High Pathogenic Avian Influenza A subtypes H5N1 Administered on Chicken Infected by High Pathogenic Avian Influenza A subtypes H5N1
The Efficacy of Synbiotic Application in Broiler Chicken Diets, Alone or in Combination with Antibiotic Growth Promoters on Zootechnical Parameters (Text)
The Efficacy of Synbiotic Application in Broiler Chicken Diets, Alone or in Combination with Antibiotic Growth Promoters on Zootechnical Parameters (Other)
HTML Summary of #330 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Efficacy of Synbiotic Application in Broiler Chicken Diets, Alone or in Combination with Antibiotic Growth Promoters on Zootechnical Parameters</epc:when>
In recent years, probiotics and synbiotics have gained considerable interest in poultry feeding as an alternative to antibiotics due to antibiotic resistance concerns. The objective of this dual study was to evaluate the efficacy of synbiotic supplementation alone or in combination with different Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGPs), compared to the untreated control group of broiler chickens production performance. In the first experiment, a total of 1260 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 7 diet treatments, with 6 replicates per diet treatment and 30 birds per replicate over a 42-day period. The diet treatments included a control diet based on corn-soybean without additives (T1), and the diet treatment with bacitracin (BMD 100 ppm, T2), colistin (10 ppm, T3), synbiotic (PoultryStar me, 0.5 kg/t, T4), a combination of synbiotic (0.5 kg/t) and bacitracin (60 ppm, T5), synbiotic (0.5 kg/t) and colistin (5 ppm, T6), synbiotic (0.5 kg/t), bacitracin (60 ppm), and colistin (5 ppm, T7). During the critical period of rearing from hatch to day 10, the synbiotic supplementation resulted in a significantly higher body weight gain than its combination with bacitracin. No other dietary treatment showed a remarkable improvement in the body weight gain, feed intake, or feed conversion ratio, compared to the only synbiotic application (T4) during the entire trial period. The tendency towards an improved feed conversion ratio was observed during the use of symbiotic (T4, 1.87), compared to the control group (T1, 1.93) during the entire trial period. Compared with the control group (T1, 2.78%), broiler mortality was also lower in the synbiotic group (T4, 1.11%). In the second experiment, a total of 1500 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 4 diet treatments; with 15 replicates per diet treatment, and 25 birds per replicate over a 42-day period. The dietary treatments included a control group diet based on corn-soybean without additives (T1), and the treatment diets with bacitracin (BMD 1000 ppm, T2), synbiotic (PoultryStar me, 0.5 kg/t, T3), and a combination of synbiotic (0.5 kg/t) plus bacitracin (BMD 1000 ppm T4). Birds fed antibiotic or synbiotic alone or in a combination had numerically a higher body weight and an average daily gain than the control group. There was a tendency of improvement in the feed conversion ratio during the age of 1-24 days, and throughout the experimental period. The evaluated synbiotic could serve as an effective alternative to AGPs, such as bacitracin and colistin in broiler chicken diets, especially during the first crucial period. The synbiotic can serve this purpose without combining it with AGPs, such as colistin or bacitracin.
The Efficacy of Synbiotic Application in Broiler Chicken Diets, Alone or in Combination with Antibiotic Growth Promoters on Zootechnical Parameters
Comparison of Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and Oxytetracycline for the Treatment of Early Stage Interdigital Necrobacillosis in Dairy Cows (Text)
Comparison of Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and Oxytetracycline for the Treatment of Early Stage Interdigital Necrobacillosis in Dairy Cows (Other)
HTML Summary of #537 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Comparison of Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and Oxytetracycline for the Treatment of Early Stage Interdigital Necrobacillosis in Dairy Cows</epc:when>
The objective of this multilocation field trial was to compare the effectiveness of the topical application of a powdered probiotic strain and intramuscular injection of oxytetracycline for the treatment of interdigital necrobacillosis in dairy cows. The current study was conducted from April 2018 to May 2020 on 230 dairy cows with early-stage interdigital necrobacillosis diagnosed by the research veterinarians on 6 farms situated in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan. The animals were recruited randomly to one of the following groups. A trial group in which the affected hoof of a cow was cleaned, coated with powder containing 106 colony-forming units of Lactobacillus acidophilus per gram, and then bandaged. Cows in the positive control group were subjected to a single intramuscular injection of oxytetracycline at the dosage of 1.0 milligram per kilogram of bodyweight which is considered the routine treatment for interdigital necrobacillosis in the feedlots. Both procedures were executed every 72 hours during a period of two weeks with the subsequent two-week follow-up period. The treatment was discontinued when a cow was assessed as cured. Both groups were monitored daily for their limb condition and the degree of lameness during 28 days. Those cows having no evidence of lameness and lesions attributed to interdigital necrobacillosis with no disease recurrence recorded within the observation period, were considered cured. On day 15, the overall cure rates for Lactobacillus acidophilus 015k-1 strain and oxytetracycline were 80.87% and 83.48%, respectively. The overall odds ratio for the cure rate in the probiotic group versus oxytetracycline was 0.837. However, on day 28, all cows in both groups were found to be clinically free from the disease, and cure rates were 100%. No recurrence was recorded in any of the cases. It was concluded that the topical administration of the probiotic powder to dairy cows with early-stage interdigital necrobacillosis can result in cure rates nearly as high as those for intramuscular oxytetracycline within a period of 28 days. This is the ﬁrst report on the treatment effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus locally applied to cattle with early-stage interdigital necrobacillosis.
Comparison of Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and Oxytetracycline for the Treatment of Early Stage Interdigital Necrobacillosis in Dairy Cows
Identifying the Effective Parameters in Soil Arching for Retaining Structure; A case study of Line 2 of Mashhad Subway (Text)
Identifying the Effective Parameters in Soil Arching for Retaining Structure; A case study of Line 2 of Mashhad Subway (Other)
JCEU 10(5) 42-52, 2020-Parameters in Soil Arching for Retaining Structure.pdf
HTML Summary of #979 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Identifying the Effective Parameters in Soil Arching for Retaining Structure; A case study of Line 2 of Mashhad Subway</epc:when>
The effective parameters on soil arching in retaining structures composed of the steel piles (2PIE300) and the steel anchors were considered using PLAXIS 3D TUNNEL for a three-dimensional numerical model. To better compare, it was assumed that external loading conditions and technical features of structural elementsÂÂ were the same. To determine the limits of effective parameters in fine (CL-ML) and coarse grains (SC-SM), according to the soil specifications of the stations A2 to L2 in in Mashhad urban railway line 2 (Iran), Hardening Soil Model (HS) was used. Modeling started with a horizontal and vertical distance of 2 meters and increased to a distance of 4 meters. The parameters of the soils including angles of internal friction, cohesion, density and elastic modulus and the distance between anchors have been selected to present the prediction model. All parameters of the soils have been used for multiple regression and artificial neural network modeling statistical analysis. To present a prediction model, 5 parameters including internal friction angles of soil, cohesion, soil density, distance between anchors and elastic modulus have been selected and all of them except final parameter have been used to analyze multiple regression and artificial neural network modeling. The results showed that the best regression model that could be presented is the correlation of 94% between measured and predicted values. The prediction effectiveness of the neural network model has been found to be acceptable as they produced higher correlation coefficient (99%) between the variables and for the prediction of the factor of safety.
Identifying the Effective Parameters in Soil Arching for Retaining Structure; A case study of Line 2 of Mashhad Subway
POSTMORTEM STUDY ON INDIGESTIBLE FOREIGN BODIES IN RUMEN AND RETICULUM OF CATTLE (CASE: HARAMAYA AND AWADAY MUNICIPAL ABATTOIRS, EASTERN ETHIOPIA) (Text)
POSTMORTEM STUDY ON INDIGESTIBLE FOREIGN BODIES IN RUMEN AND RETICULUM OF CATTLE (CASE: HARAMAYA AND AWADAY MUNICIPAL ABATTOIRS, EASTERN ETHIOPIA) (Other)
HTML Summary of #57 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">POSTMORTEM STUDY ON INDIGESTIBLE FOREIGN BODIES IN RUMEN AND RETICULUM OF CATTLE (CASE: HARAMAYA AND AWADAY MUNICIPAL ABATTOIRS, EASTERN ETHIOPIA)</epc:when>
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November, 2017 to March, 2018 at Haramaya and Awaday Municipal Abattoirs of Oromia Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia, with the objectives of assessing the prevalence of rumen and reticulum foreign bodies, identifying types of foreign bodies and associated risk factors for the occurrences of foreign bodies. Following appropriate ante-mortum examinations, postmortem examinations were employed for the recovery of foreign body from rumen and reticulum. The study animals were selected by using systematic random sampling using regular interval to study animal from the total slaughtered animals. From a total of 384 (207 female and 177 male) cattle examined, 41.7 (n=160) were found to contain foreign bodies at slaughter. When the prevalence was compared between genders, breed, among different age groups, and different body condition score, higher prevalence of foreign bodies 50.7, 75.0, 80.0, 83.3, were observed in female, cross breed, age older than 10 years, and animal having poor body condition score respectively. These aforementioned factors are considered as potential risk factors were highly significantly associated with the occurrence of foreign bodies. Rumen harbored mostly plastic materials while reticulum was the major site for the retention of metallic objects. The non-penetrating foreign bodies have higher prevalence than penetrating foreign bodies. The commonly recovered non-penetrating foreign bodies were plastics (46.9), cloth (30.0), rope (21.3) and leather (18.8). The penetrating foreign bodies were metals (5). Plastics were recovered as the most common foreign bodies and followed by cloths, Ropes, and leathers. It is concluded that the detection of this level of prevalence of foreign bodies in cattle causes high mortality and morbidity, reduced production and productivity. Therefore, appropriate solid waste disposal system need to implement in the study area to prevent health risk of ruminants and also to protect the environment. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All rights reserved
POSTMORTEM STUDY ON INDIGESTIBLE FOREIGN BODIES IN RUMEN AND RETICULUM OF CATTLE (CASE: HARAMAYA AND AWADAY MUNICIPAL ABATTOIRS, EASTERN ETHIOPIA)
TREATMENT TRIALS OF EPIZOOTIC LYMPHANGITIS WITH LOCAL MEDICINAL PLANTS: A REVIEW (Text)
TREATMENT TRIALS OF EPIZOOTIC LYMPHANGITIS WITH LOCAL MEDICINAL PLANTS: A REVIEW (Other)
HTML Summary of #59 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">TREATMENT TRIALS OF EPIZOOTIC LYMPHANGITIS WITH LOCAL MEDICINAL PLANTS: A REVIEW</epc:when>
The aim of this paper was to review the use of local herbal medicines to treat Epizootic lymphangitis (EZL) and challenges related with safety, efficacy and quality control of herbal medicines. EZL has deleterious effect on both welfare and health of the horses and mules. In addition it has a serious negative impact on mainly the livelihoods of cart-horse owners/drivers. Basically, antifungal drugs for the treatment of EZL are costly and mostly unavailable in such areas especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Medicinal herbs have a hopeful future since there are about half a million plants around the world, most of them have not yet been studied in medical practice, and current and future studies on medical activities can be effective in treating this disease. Furthermore, there is no gainsaying the fact that the requirements as well as the research protocols, standards and methods needed for the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines are much more complex than those required for conventional pharmaceuticals. These days, there are several trials on local plants like Xanthium strumarium (X. strumarium), Combretum molle (C. molle) seed and Phytolacca dodecandra (P. dodecandra) extracts inhibited the growth of Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum (H. capsulatum var farciminosum). Among these, the aqueous and n-butanol extracts of P. dodecandra with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of (0.078-0.156) and (0.039–0.078) respectively have been inhibiting the growth of H. capsulatum var. farciminosum. In vivo, over 58.3 horses with the disease responded to treatment then the other two plant extracts. In conclusion, P. dodecandra extracts showed a significant effect to inhibit the growth of H. capsulatum var farciminosum in vitro and EZL in vivo. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved
TREATMENT TRIALS OF EPIZOOTIC LYMPHANGITIS WITH LOCAL MEDICINAL PLANTS: A REVIEW
EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTION OF CORN FOR COMMERCIAL RATION ON PERFORMANCE AND PLASMA CHOLESTEROL IN KUB CHICKENS (Text)
EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTION OF CORN FOR COMMERCIAL RATION ON PERFORMANCE AND PLASMA CHOLESTEROL IN KUB CHICKENS (Other)
HTML Summary of #55 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTION OF CORN FOR COMMERCIAL RATION ON PERFORMANCE AND PLASMA CHOLESTEROL IN KUB CHICKENS</epc:when>
: The aim of the present study was to evaluate growth performance and plasma total cholesterol (TCHO) concentration of KUB chickens fed by substitution of commercial feed with corn in 1 of day-old chick of KUB were raised for 10 weeks in two dietary groups including only commercial feed (group A) and a commercial feed substituted by 30 corn (group B). Data were analysed by T-test. The results showed that there was no significant effect of the treatments on feed intake, body weight (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in KUB chickens. Similarly, plasma TCHO concentration did not show any difference between two experimental rations. However, total income of commercial feed substituted with 30 corn was higher than commercial feed. It was concluded that corn could be used at 30 to substituted commercial feed without significantly affecting the KUB chicken performance and TCHO. Present research considered usefulness of corn as a potential alternative of commercial feeds in KUB chickens in Indonesia. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All rights reserved
EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTION OF CORN FOR COMMERCIAL RATION ON PERFORMANCE AND PLASMA CHOLESTEROL IN KUB CHICKENS
STUDY OF THE FLAVONOIDS AND SECONDARY METABOLITES OF THE ARGAN TREE (Argania spinosa L.) (Text)
STUDY OF THE FLAVONOIDS AND SECONDARY METABOLITES OF THE ARGAN TREE (Argania spinosa L.) (Other)
HTML Summary of #60 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">STUDY OF THE FLAVONOIDS AND SECONDARY METABOLITES OF THE ARGAN TREE (Argania spinosa L.)</epc:when>
The separation and identification of the main phenolic compounds present in the co-product of the Argan tree (Argania spinosa) were carried out using high performance liquid chromatography techniques coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS).The study was based on the retention times of the peaks of the phenolic compounds in samples and was compared to those of the controls (reference compounds) and supplemented by an analysis of the fragmentations of the molecules by mass spectrometry. Phenolic compounds in the pulp of the Argan namely such as catechin (2.8), epicatechin (14.7), procyanidin (2.7), quercetin (1.6), luteolin (0.2) and naringenin (0.07) were found. Phenolic acid is consisted of gallic acid (5) and protocatechuic acid (21.1). These compounds are more dominant than flavonoids. The flavonoids-O-rhamnoglucosides the most dominant compounds is isorhoifoline (7.2) and hesperidin (4.5) against rutin (0.1) and rhamnetin-O-rutinoside (0.5) are less dominant. The main compounds are the hyperoside (13.4) and isoquercetin (10). On the other hand, naringenin-7-O-glucoside constituted the most minority compound of this type of flavonoid in the pulp of the fruit of the Argan tree (the percentage of naringenin-7-O-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-arabinose is 15.3). There are other phenolic compounds in the pulp of the Argan namely such as catechin (2.8), epicatechin (14.7), procyanidin (2.7), quercetin (1.6), luteolin (0.2) and naringenin (0.07). The main flavonoids found in the leaves of the Argan tree are Quercetin (21.73), Myricetin (54.34), Hyperoside (8.69), and also Myricetin-3-Ogalactoside (9.78). Argan cake is rich in flavonoids. Among these, epicatechin (110 mg/kg), catechin (11 mg/kg), protocatechic acid (15.2 mg/kg), vanillic acid (16.3 mg/kg) and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (8.6 mg/kg) are higher in Argan cake. Argan oil is richer in tocopherol (597 to 775 mg/kg), Argan oil is rich in gamma tocopherol (631 mg/kg), and that make Argan valuable nutraceutical. The study of the secondary metabolites and especially the flavonoids of the Argan tree was undertaken with the aim of identifying new metabolites making it possible to increase the industrial than commercial value of the Argan tree. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
STUDY OF THE FLAVONOIDS AND SECONDARY METABOLITES OF THE ARGAN TREE (Argania spinosa L.)
INFLUENCE OF DIETARY MANIPULATIONS AND MILKING FREQUENCY ON PRODUCTION OF DAIRY COWS (Text)
INFLUENCE OF DIETARY MANIPULATIONS AND MILKING FREQUENCY ON PRODUCTION OF DAIRY COWS (Other)
HTML Summary of #56 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">INFLUENCE OF DIETARY MANIPULATIONS AND MILKING FREQUENCY ON PRODUCTION OF DAIRY COWS</epc:when>
Dairy cow responses to various types of diets differently and dairy farmers can use knowledge of its behavior to improve the cow well-being and yield. This review was carried out in order to better understanding the influence of dietary manipulation and milking frequency on the dairy cows’ production. The results obtained from review of already conducted studies revealed that the dairy cow is significantly affected by composition, quality, amount and regimes of the diet. Maximum daily milk production, milk protein, milk lactose, milk fat, total solids are recorded in dairy cows when ad-libitum feed and water is provided. Further, sufficient water intake is necessary for maintaining body fluids and proper ion balance, digestion, absorption, metabolization of nutrients, elimination and body cooling. Feeding and water frequency stimulate the mammary functions and milk synthesis, which is actually a non-invasive method. Reducing feeding frequency from 2x daily to 1x daily decreases milk yield from 7 to 38 in dairy cows, however changing feeding frequency from 2x to 3x daily results about 18 increase in milk production that can be economically acceptable. On the other hand, increasing milking frequency from 2x to 3x daily increase milk production up to 30. Therefore, in addition of dietary manipulation and milking frequency, high quality feed and ad-libitum water plays always a key role for improving the performance and production of dairy cows. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All rights reserved
INFLUENCE OF DIETARY MANIPULATIONS AND MILKING FREQUENCY ON PRODUCTION OF DAIRY COWS
THE USE OF PREDICTED APPARENT METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUES TO UNDERSTAND THE OIL AND FAT VARIABILITY IN BROILERS (Text)
THE USE OF PREDICTED APPARENT METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUES TO UNDERSTAND THE OIL AND FAT VARIABILITY IN BROILERS (Other)
HTML Summary of #58 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">THE USE OF PREDICTED APPARENT METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUES TO UNDERSTAND THE OIL AND FAT VARIABILITY IN BROILERS</epc:when>
The objective of this study was to analyze the predicted apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of different oil samples across Asia Pacific region and investigate the AME values in broilers of different ages (< 21 or = 21 days old). A total of 635 oil and fat samples consisting of 93 fish oils, 36 coconut oils, 70 crude palm oils, 42 refined palm oils, 43 soybean oils, 147 rice bran oils, 163 tallows and 41 lards were collected and analyzed over a span of eight years (2011 to 2018). The free fatty acid (FFA) content of oil and fat samples were analyzed through acid-base titration and the degree of saturation (ratio of unsaturation to saturated fatty acids; U:S) were determined with Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The FFA and U:S of the samples were then incorporated into the Wiseman equation to correlate the oil and fat qualities with the AME. Our survey revealed AME variations were prevalent in most of the oil types studied, with fish oils and tallows showing the largest energy gap within oil samples. The results showed that the predicted AME values for oil and fat samples differ across countries, even within batches from the same supplier. Taken together, our investigation suggests that there is a considerable variation in the AME values of oils and fats, which may affect the feed formulation precision. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All rights Reserved
THE USE OF PREDICTED APPARENT METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUES TO UNDERSTAND THE OIL AND FAT VARIABILITY IN BROILERS
Spatio-Temporal Understanding and Representation of Transformative Urban Mobility and Trip Patterns, A Review. (Text)
Spatio-Temporal Understanding and Representation of Transformative Urban Mobility and Trip Patterns, A Review. (Other)
HTML Summary of #981 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Spatio-Temporal Understanding and Representation of Transformative Urban Mobility and Trip Patterns, A Review.</epc:when>
The rapid development in transport system monitoring provide planners and researchers with new opportunities to understand the trends of mobility patterns in urban areas, known as transformation of urban mobility. It brings businesses and cities together to implement system-level integrated initiatives to conducting urban mobility and transport system toward a more efficient future. As a result, identification of the trip patterns and spatio-temporal dependencies in urban areas requires a comprehensive understanding of high-dimensional human mobility dynamics. These emerging trends need a framework to identify urban mobility patterns from a spatio-temporal perspective that includes various visualized representation of mobility patterns and travel behaviour. The main purpose of this study is to investigate different data sources and methods used in the literature to obtain the proposed patterns in urban areas. The spatio-temporal models evaluated in this review can be used in a wide range of mobility studies suggesting trip patterns and related variables are significantly affected by spatial and non-spatial impacts.
Spatio-Temporal Understanding and Representation of Transformative Urban Mobility and Trip Patterns, A Review.
Effect of smartphone duration use on scapular muscles strength in normal subjects (Text)
Effect of smartphone duration use on scapular muscles strength in normal subjects (Other)
JLSB 10(4) 44-50, 2020, smartphone duration use on scapular muscles strength.pdf
HTML Summary of #554 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of smartphone duration use on scapular muscles strength in normal subjects</epc:when>
Background. The use of hand-held devices such as smartphone has been associated with shoulder pain and scapular muscles imbalance as a result of hyperactivity and tightness. Aim. Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of smartphone duration use on pain of the upper back and scapular muscles strength in normal subjects, Methods. This study was cross sectional observational study; Eighty normal adults 20-30 years age, with right hand dominance were recruited for this study. The subjects must have at least 6 months experience in using smartphone and divided into two groups: Group A used smartphone less than 4 hours daily and group B used smartphone more than 4 hours daily. Subjects was assessed once time. Upper back pain was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scale and strength assessed by break test through pull and push dynamometer. Results. subjects in the two groups showed significant pain accentuation after smartphone usage, depends on the duration. Furthermore, changes in pain severity with smartphone use were different between the two groups (P<0.05). For scapular adductor muscles strength, the right dominant side was diminished but not reach to cause significant difference (P>0.05) and the left side have increase in strength with significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion. Smartphone continuous use for more than 4 hours daily led to increase shoulder or parascapular pain and decrease strength of scapular adductor muscles in right dominant side due to prolonged hyperactivity, then led to weakness and increase the strength of left side due to hyperactivity of left side during holding or static postures and bilateral hand texting.
Effect of smartphone duration use on scapular muscles strength in normal subjects
Isolation and identification of Enset wilt disease causing bacteria using 16S rRNA Gene Sequence samples collected from Gurage zone, Ethiopia (Text)
Isolation and identification of Enset wilt disease causing bacteria using 16S rRNA Gene Sequence samples collected from Gurage zone, Ethiopia (Other)
JLSB 10(4) 51-58, 2020-Enset wilt causing bacteria using 16S rRNA Gene Sequence .pdf
HTML Summary of #557 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Isolation and identification of Enset wilt disease causing bacteria using 16S rRNA Gene Sequence samples collected from Gurage zone, Ethiopia</epc:when>
Introduction. Xanthomonas campestris is an important bacterium responsible for bacterial wilt disease, which causes predominantly a serious loss in enset production. In some enset-growing areas of Ethiopia, farmers are enforced to replace perennial enset plants with annual crops because of this disease devastates enset production. Aim. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the molecular diversity of bacterial wiealt diseas cosing bacteria from infected enset plants that were collected from the Gurage Zone, using the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Methods. 60 infected enset samples were collected from infected enset plants. Presumptive identification of the bacterium was done through biochemical tests. 16S rRNA genes of bacterial isolates were amplified using the bacteria universal primers and the amplified products were sequenced at MRC-Holland, Amsterdam. Sequence analysis and comparison were conducted to identify the isolated microbes into species and strain levels. Results. Based on the biochemical tests, 18 bacterial isolates were motile, indole negative as well as citrate and catalase positive and they were hydrolyzed starch. The sequence analysis revealed that from 18 bacterial isolates 17 of them were identified as Xanthomonas campestris of different strains and one isolate was identified as an uncultured bacterium. In this study, different Xanthomonas campestris strains that have different virulence factors were identified in the study area. To effectively control and manage bacterial wilt disease of enset plant, it is important to examine antipathogenic agent or biological control mechanisms for all Xanthomonas campestris strains. Additionally, determining plant bacterial interaction using molecular tools and identify the virulence genes are also beneficial.
Isolation and identification of Enset wilt disease causing bacteria using 16S rRNA Gene Sequence samples collected from Gurage zone, Ethiopia
Effect of Water Acidification and Sanitation on Performance, Gut Microbial Microbial Population and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chicken (Text)
Effect of Water Acidification and Sanitation on Performance, Gut Microbial Microbial Population and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chicken (Other)
HTML Summary of #95 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Water Acidification and Sanitation on Performance, Gut Microbial Microbial Population and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chicken</epc:when>
Management of water is of utmost importance in order to ensure better performance of poultry birds. A study was thus conducted to evaluate the effect of water acidification and sanitation on performance, gut microbial population and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken. A total of 144 broiler chickens aged one-week were utilized for the study up to 6 weeks of age. The birds were distributed into 4 treatment groups of three replicates of 12 chickens. Untreated drinking water was routinely used in the control group (T1). In T2 and T3, acidifier and sanitizer were used in an amount of 1ml and 5ml/20 liters of water, respectively, while in T4 a combination of acidifier and sanitizer was used in similar doses. There was a significant effect of acidification and sanitization of water on body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of broiler chicken. The combination of acidifier and sanitizer (T4) was found to be highly effective in improving chickens’ performance, followed by sanitizer alone (T3) and acidifier alone (T2), compared to the control group. There was no significant effect on various carcass characteristics of broiler chicken except for the gut pH and intestinal length. There was a significant effect on the pH value of various intestinal segments in broiler chickens using acidifier treated water (T2) compared to T1 and T3, but no statistical effect was noticed between T2and T4. A similar trend was noticed in the length of intestines of broiler chickens in various treatment groups. There was a significant reduction in Caecal Coliform Count ( in all the treatment groups that was used acidifier and sanitizer compared to the control group.
Effect of Water Acidification and Sanitation on Performance, Gut Microbial Microbial Population and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chicken
Developmental competence of Buffalo oocytes cultured under different oxygen tensions after selection with brilliant cresyl blue (Text)
Developmental competence of Buffalo oocytes cultured under different oxygen tensions after selection with brilliant cresyl blue (Other)
HTML Summary of #359 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Developmental competence of Buffalo oocytes cultured under different oxygen tensions after selection with brilliant cresyl blue</epc:when>
The aim of this investigation was to follow up in vitro preimplantation development of buffalo cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) after BCB test and followed by in vitro maturation under two different levels of oxygen tension. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (n=1045) were selected with BCB staining (oocytes with any degree of blue color in cytoplasm was defined as BCB+, oocytes without any degree of blue color in cytoplasm was defined as BCB-) in addition to a third control group. The previous experimental groups (BCB+, BCB-, control) were matured in vitro under low (5%) and high oxygen tension (20%), followed by in vitro fertilization and in vitro culture of presumptive zygotes. There were no differences (P ≤ 0.05) in cleavage, morula and transferable embryos rates among BCB+, BCB- and control group. However, blastocyst rate was greater significantly in control group (14.4 ± 2.0) than BCB- COCs (8.4 ± 1.9). According to the oxygen tension effect, the rate of morula and transferable embryos was increased (P ≤ 0.05) in buffalo COCs developed under low oxygen tension (11.6 ± 1.4 and 23.8 ± 1.9) compared to high oxygen tension group (7.4 ± 1.4 and 17.9 ± 2.1). In addition, cleavage, morula, blastocyst and transferable embryos rates were greater in BCB+ under low (43.6 ± 3.9, 14.9 ± 2.5, 14.1 ± 2.9 and 28.4 ± 3.6) than high oxygen tension group (33.5 ± 3.9, 7.1 ± 2.5, 11.6 ± 2.9 and 18.8 ± 3.6) which may reflect enhanced biological processes controlling early development. Moreover, blastocyst rate was significantly higher in control group cultured under high (12.0 ± 2.9) and low (16.9 ± 2.8) oxygen level than their counterparts of BCB- group (9.3 ± 2.9 and 7.6 ± 2.6, respectively). In conclusion, there was no differences in embryo development between BCB+ and BCB-, COCs; therefore, oocyte selection based on BCB staining is not an effective tool to select developmental competent buffalo COCs. Buffalo morula and transferable embryos prefer low oxygen tension for early development, which should be applied during in vitro embryo production of this species.
Developmental competence of Buffalo oocytes cultured under different oxygen tensions after selection with brilliant cresyl blue
Detecting intestinal parasitic infections in laboratory mice (Text)
Detecting intestinal parasitic infections in laboratory mice (Other)
HTML Summary of #363 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Detecting intestinal parasitic infections in laboratory mice</epc:when>
A total of 150 Laboratory mice divided into four age groups consisted of 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks old were used in this study by placing each animal individually in a special cage within the period between October 2019 to the end of February 2020 at the Research and Graduate Studies Laboratory University of Mosul, Iraq. This study aimed to investigate intestinal parasitic infections in laboratory mice, stool samples were collected for 150 laboratory mice and periodically to perform laboratory tests that included direct slide examination and using the concentration method to detect eggs of worms and cysts of protozoa parasites, the culture of parasites also was used by prepared manufactured culture media to develop parasites. The infection was diagnosed in 136 (90.66%) mice while the rest 14 (9.33%) mice did not record any parasitic infection (clean). The higher rate of infection 58% was reported for Trichomonas muris followed by Entamoeba muris and Giardia muris which found in 22%, 15.3% respectively. In the other hand the infection with Hymenolepis diminuta was recorded in 16% from infected cases by identifying the eggs of this worm in stool samples. This study shows the high rate of parasites infection in laboratory mice which might have negative effects on the result of previous scientific researches, in addition to wasting effort, time, and materials.
Detecting intestinal parasitic infections in laboratory mice
Estimate Private Rate of Return on Technical Vocation School and Formal School: Evidence from Kuwait (Text)
Estimate Private Rate of Return on Technical Vocation School and Formal School: Evidence from Kuwait (Other)
HTML Summary of #1005 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Estimate Private Rate of Return on Technical Vocation School and Formal School: Evidence from Kuwait</epc:when>
In this paper we asked what can account for the continuing provide technical vocational education in Kuwait? Where the level of development is high and there are high wages government jobs. On the other hand the researcher try to find which of education system track, formal or technical vocation education system is more profitable for individuals in Kuwait. We argue that the answers to these questions are connected through the nature of the earning function and the importance of age effects. This paper will be complemented by an important gap in the development of tools and techniques for analysis part of the education system in the State of Kuwait. This paper is important from three standpoints. First, in order to estimate the effect of education track/path on earnings, the most recent and nationally representative data is used which provides detailed information on the variables. Second, it is an effort to provide an evidence for the comparison between Vocational track/path and Formal track/path in Kuwait education system based on individual earnings. Third, this study provides the policy makers with a helpful technique to monitoring the expenditure on education. To provide policy makers and top management with information needed for comparing technical vocation education with formal education system in Kuwait, this paper offer a new evidence on continue providing technical vocation education in Kuwait by using 2010 Kuwait Civil Service Commission employees database; moreover it is an effort of estimating the private rate of return on formal and technical vocation education system by applying the earning equation. The results suggested keep on offering the technical vocation schools also; find a significant effect on wages depend on the type of education track system. Moreover, the technical vocation education slightly higher returns than the formal education.
Estimate Private Rate of Return on Technical Vocation School and Formal School: Evidence from Kuwait
Effect of combined plant essential oils on dermanyssus gallinae: In vitro and in vivo study (Text)
Effect of combined plant essential oils on dermanyssus gallinae: In vitro and in vivo study (Other)
HTML Summary of #366 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of combined plant essential oils on dermanyssus gallinae: In vitro and in vivo study</epc:when>
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of plant essential oils on Dermanyssus gallinae (D. gallinae). In vitro six groups of red mites, 20 mites in each group were exposed to direct spray of combined plant essential oils (Alisal) in rate of 0.25% on mites. activity and changes under stereomicroscope showed that sprayed mites completely stopped movements at both 1- and 2- h after treatment with completely stretched legs and white bead-like spots of oils accumulation on legs and bodies at 1- and 2- h. while, the non-treated mites were active with pale light brown colour. In vivo effect of Allisal to control red mite infestation in laying hens was investigated. In case of drinking water method mite count reduction rate on the bird was 60 %, 10%, and 0% as well as 0%, 0% and 10% in their traps at 4,7, and 12 days respectively, from the start of treatment in drinking water. While, in spray method mite reduction was 40%, 20%, and 10% on birds and 0%, 0% and 30% in the traps. On the other hand, water intake, feed intake, general health condition, skin health, and feather condition scores were improved at 4th day post treatment (DPT). Total lesion score at 12 DPT was improved. The present study concluded that in vitro combined plant essential oils have rapid and strong acaricide effect in contact sprays. In vivo, there was obvious improvement in groups treated with plant oils than non-treated group. Drinking water treated birds showed good results than spray treated group. Therefore, it is recommended to use combined plant essential oils in D. gallinae control strategies in poultry.
Effect of combined plant essential oils on dermanyssus gallinae: In vitro and in vivo study
Efficacy of ivermectin-based drugs against ectoparasites in broiler chickens (Text)
Efficacy of ivermectin-based drugs against ectoparasites in broiler chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #372 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Efficacy of ivermectin-based drugs against ectoparasites in broiler chickens</epc:when>
This research aimed to study the efficacy of two different ivermectin-based drugs against ectoparasites of chickens. In total 1200 Highsex brown chickens aged 1-1.5 years were examined to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites among chickens. The diagnosis of ectoparasites in chickens was established using clinical and entomological methods. For studying drug efficacy, 20 chickens were selected and divided into two groups (experimental and control) of 10 birds each according to the principle of analogs. A prepared ivermectin-based drug consisting of active substance ivermectin and the auxiliary substances including jojoba Resplanta, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, Tween-80, benzyl alcohol, and purified water, was administered to the experimental group at a dose of 0.4 ml/L of drinking water (400 μg ivermectin per 1 kg of body weight) twice with a 24-hour interval. The treatment was repeated after 14 days. The control group was administered another drug based on ivermectin in the same dose and manner as the drug given in the experimental group. The efficacy of the drugs was determined by counting the number of ectoparasites per chicken before and after treatment. The clinical condition of the birds was monitored from day 1 to day 28 of the experiment. To evaluate the physiological state of chickens, blood and biochemical tests were performed on day 28 of the experiment. The results revealed that the prevalence of infection with Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, and Dermanyssus gallinae in chickens was 34.5%, 21.5%, and 12%, respectively. The number of parasites/chicken after treatment between the experimental and the control group was significantly different. The efficacy of the drugs against ectoparasites in the experimental and control group was 95.6-99.0% and 85.1-91.1%, respectively. The blood tests showed that hematological and biochemical parameters were within physiological norms for both groups. Also, a pharmacokinetic study was performed on 18 ISA cross, 40-day-old chickens administered orally with the test drug at the same dose. The results revealed that ivermectin reached maximum concentration at 30-60 minutes after administration to the bird. After 1 hour, the concentration of the active substance of the drug in the blood serum of chickens decreased sharply and reached the limit of quantification by 12-24 hours. In conclusion, this drug can be recommended for use in poultry as an effective and safe drug for the treatment of arachnoentomosis in birds.
Efficacy of ivermectin-based drugs against ectoparasites in broiler chickens
Pharmacokinetic characteristics of the drug based on moxidectin for young stock and small breed of domestic animals (Text)
Pharmacokinetic characteristics of the drug based on moxidectin for young stock and small breed of domestic animals (Other)
HTML Summary of #386 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Pharmacokinetic characteristics of the drug based on moxidectin for young stock and small breed of domestic animals</epc:when>
The pharmacokinetic characteristics of moxidectin in the blood serum of dogs and cats after a single cutaneous (spot-on) application of drug for veterinary use “Inspector Mini” to prevent and treat arachnoses, entomoses and intestinal nematodes in kittens and puppies as well as in small breed dogs and cats were investigated. Twelve outbred dogs and cats of different ages and weights were involved in present study. All the animals were weighed to determine the exact dosage of the drug. The determination of moxidectin in blood serum was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography with pre-column modification of N-methylimidazole and trifluoroacetic anhydride followed by fluorescence detection. According to the results of the study, it was found that moxidectin was well absorbed into the systemic circulation and reached to maximum concentration in the blood serum of dogs and cats after 4-10 days. After treatment with the drug, moxidectin was determined in the blood serum of animals after 12 hours at concentration of 2 ng/ml. Significant concentrations of moxidectin in the blood serum of animals remained for 28 days after topical application (spot-on). Moxidectin was detected in the blood serum of animals at the end of the experiment (after 30 days) which indicates its therapeutic effect for at least one month after the application of the drug.
Pharmacokinetic characteristics of the drug based on moxidectin for young stock and small breed of domestic animals
The acute toxicity assesment of Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG for White Mice (Text)
The acute toxicity assesment of Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG for White Mice (Other)
HTML Summary of #162 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The acute toxicity assesment of Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG for White Mice</epc:when>
In this article an attempt was made to present the results of toxicity assessment of insecticides from the group of neonicotinoids, Mospilan RP (active substance acetamiprid) and Actara 25 WG (active substance thiamethoxam) in white mice. The aim was to investigate the acute toxicity of Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG in white mice. The half-lethal dose (LD50) of Mospilan RP was found to be131.25 ± 34.12 mg/kg Body Weight (BW) per active substance and 656.25 ± 170.6 mg/kg BW per drug, and the Lethal Dose (LD100) was 200 mg/kg BW by the active ingredient (1000 mg/kg BW by drug). The half-life dose (DL50) of Actara 25 WG for white mice was 907.81 ± 24.03 mg/kg BW for the active substance, and 3631.24 ± 96.12 mg/kg BW for the drug; The lethal dose (LD100) was also 1200 mg/kg BW per active ingredient (4800 mg/kg BW per drug). The acute course of poisoning by Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG in mice was characterized mainly by nervous disorders (lesions of the central and peripheral nervous systems), which is evidenced by the clinical features of poisoning including depression, convulsions, ataxia (impaired movement coordination), tremor and impaired breathing. It has been established that Mospilan RP belongs to the third toxicity class according to the Hygienic classification of substances by skin-resorptive toxicity (DL50> 2000 mg/kg).
The acute toxicity assesment of Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG for White Mice
A Review on the Use of Azolla Species in Poultry Production (Text)
A Review on the Use of Azolla Species in Poultry Production (Other)
HTML Summary of #169 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A Review on the Use of Azolla Species in Poultry Production</epc:when>
Aquatic plants are receiving a lot of attention in nutrition research, which is due to their broad range of uses in animal and human food. Azolla is one of the commonly used these floating plants. Currently, different Azolla species are used as maintainable feed alternatives for cattle, pigs, poultry, and fish as dried flakes or fresh form. In addition to high protein and essential amino acid content of Azolla, the fern is rich in other nutrients such as minerals, vitamins, and pigments. There is a discrepancy in the use of Azolla to improve the productivity of poultry. However, most studies have indicated that the incorporation of broiler ration with certain levels of Azolla promotes feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion rate, and general health conditions as Azolla comprises growth promoters. In layers, the use of Azolla improves productivity in terms of egg quantity and quality as Azolla contains pigments, minerals, and essential amino acids. Moreover, Azollas improves carcass traits at processing. Therefore, this review article provides information on Azolla plant, its composition, and the significance of its supplementation for different poultry species.
A Review on the Use of Azolla Species in Poultry Production
Quality evaluation of nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets by using chitosan and nanochitosan coating during refrigerated storage (Text)
Quality evaluation of nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets by using chitosan and nanochitosan coating during refrigerated storage (Other)
HTML Summary of #417 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Quality evaluation of nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets by using chitosan and nanochitosan coating during refrigerated storage</epc:when>
Using natural preservatives has a probability to improve the quality and integrity of fish products. Such research investigated the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles casing on the quality of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish fillets through refrigerated storage. In the present investigation solutions of chitosan (1 and 2%) and nanochitosan (1 and 2%) were applied for the casing of tilapia fish slices thereafter stored at 4°C for 15 days. Uncoated (control) and coated fish fillets pieces were examined intermittently for bacteriological parameters (Total bacterial count, Proteolytic bacterial count, Lipolytic bacterial count, and Staphylococcus aureus count), quality parameters (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) and sensory features. Results showed that 2% chitosan and 2% chitosan nanoparticle solutions were the optimal concentrations for improving the quality of tilapia fish fillets until 10 days of refrigerated storage period compared to the control group. However, using 2% chitosan nanoparticles showed higher antimicrobial activity, strong ability in preventing protein degradation, retarding lipid oxidation, accepted pH values and delay in declining of sensory score more than 2% chitosan solution during the storage period. Therefore, 2% chitosan nanoparticles as a natural preservative can be utilized for the conservation of quality properties and expanding the shelf life of tilapia fish slices through chilled storage.
Quality evaluation of nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets by using chitosan and nanochitosan coating during refrigerated storage
Influenza A, and Salmonella spp. in Backyard Poultry Eggs in Guatemala City (Text)
Influenza A, and Salmonella spp. in Backyard Poultry Eggs in Guatemala City (Other)
HTML Summary of #200 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Influenza A, and Salmonella spp. in Backyard Poultry Eggs in Guatemala City</epc:when>
Influenza A and salmonellosis are two of the most relevant zoonotic infectious diseases. Influenza A is one of the main threats to public health worldwide and is considered one of the causative agents of pandemics. Salmonellosis, meanwhile, has been identified by the World Health Organization as one of the four main causes of diarrheal diseases in the world. Poultry is an important source of both influenza A and Salmonella spp. but little is known about these potential threats in poultry products in Guatemala. The presence of influenza A virus antibodies and Salmonella spp. was studied in backyard poultry eggs sold in the El Guarda market in Guatemala City. 377 backyard poultry eggs were collected throughout seven months and sampled for hemagglutination inhibition test to determine the presence of antibodies to influenza virus A (H5N2 and H7N3) and cultured for Salmonella isolation. The eggs of chicken (Gallus gallus), turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), quail (Coturnix coturnix), mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) were sampled. Twenty-six percent of the eggs carried H5N2 antibodies, 27% carried H7N3 antibodies and 1.3% carried Salmonella spp. The presence of Escherichia coli inside the sampled eggs was an incidental common finding. These results suggest that backyard poultry eggs sold at markets could be a potential source of influenza A virus and Salmonella for the human population. The evidence found in the sampled eggs also shows that these potential pathogens are circulating in backyard poultry populations in Guatemala.
Influenza A, and Salmonella spp. in Backyard Poultry Eggs in Guatemala City
Functions of Epimedium on Regressed Oviduct and Follicles of Force Molted Layer Hens (Text)
Functions of Epimedium on Regressed Oviduct and Follicles of Force Molted Layer Hens (Other)
HTML Summary of #202 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Functions of Epimedium on Regressed Oviduct and Follicles of Force Molted Layer Hens</epc:when>
In order to reveal the functions of Epimedium (EPI) on the recovery of the reproductive system of laying hens, 120 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (43-week-old) were forced molt through feed withdrawal for 14 days. After the molting period, layer hens were divided into four groups: Dark-control group in a dark environment without any treatment; dark-EPI group in a dark environment and with EPI treatment; light-control group without any treatment under normal illumination (16L: 8D); light- EPI group with EPI treatment under normal illumination (16L: 8D). EPI treatment was maintained for 15 days and each hen received 2 ml of EPI extract (1 g/mL) daily. The rate of egg production was calculated every day. At the end of the experiment, estrogen receptor alpha mRNA, estrogen receptor beta mRNA, and progesterone receptor mRNA in the albumen secreting part and uterus of the oviduct were detected by q-PCR, and the level of serum progesterone, estrogen and luteinizing hormone was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that EPI effectively improved the laying rate of hens both in dark groups and light groups by promoting the recovery of the oviduct and follicle maturation. In addition, EPI promoted the secretion of estrogen and progesterone both in dark and light groups and improved the expression of estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor in the light group. The results of the experiment provide a good reference for using EPI to improve the development and recovery of the reproductive system of layer hens.
Functions of Epimedium on Regressed Oviduct and Follicles of Force Molted Layer Hens
The effect of marketing activities on gaining a competitive advantage with the mediating role of relationship quality; case study: Ansar Bank of Mashhad (Text)
The effect of marketing activities on gaining a competitive advantage with the mediating role of relationship quality; case study: Ansar Bank of Mashhad (Other)
HTML Summary of #1006 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The effect of marketing activities on gaining a competitive advantage with the mediating role of relationship quality; case study: Ansar Bank of Mashhad</epc:when>
The banking industry is experiencing an increasingly competitive atmosphere. The emergence of financial institutions and their entry into the competition arena have disrupted the existing security margin for banks. They have also challenged the guaranteed market share of many banks. Therefore, the purpose of the present research was to investigate the effect of marketing activities on gaining a competitive advantage with the mediating role of customer relationship quality at Ansar Bank, Mashhad, Iran. An applied research model with a descriptive survey design was used in this study. The statistical population of the research consists of the customers of the branches of Ansar Bank in Mashhad. The statistical population was selected using simple random sampling with the distribution of 400 questionnaires. Expert opinion was used to measure validity. Reliability measurement was performed using Cronbach’s alpha which was calculated to be 0.93. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and LISREL were used for data analysis. The results suggest that marketing activities have a positive and significant effect on relationship quality and acquiring a competitive advantage. They also indicate that relationship quality has a significant effect on gaining a competitive advantage. Furthermore, it was revealed that marketing activities have a positive and significant effect on acquiring a competitive advantage with the mediating role of relationship quality.
The effect of marketing activities on gaining a competitive advantage with the mediating role of relationship quality; case study: Ansar Bank of Mashhad
Detection of Campylobacter jejuni among Commercial Broiler Chickens in East-Coast Malaysia (Text)
Detection of Campylobacter jejuni among Commercial Broiler Chickens in East-Coast Malaysia (Other)
HTML Summary of #278 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Detection of Campylobacter jejuni among Commercial Broiler Chickens in East-Coast Malaysia</epc:when>
Human campylobacteriosis is associated with contaminated foods and drinks or direct contact with the source of organisms. Broilers are the main reservoir of Campylobacter as well as the primary source of meat in many countries. The microorganism load in broilers is converted into the rate of food-related campylobacteriosis. The present study aimed to determine the Campylobacter jejuni colonization load in commercial broiler chickens in east coast Malaysia. Cloaca swabs were taken after consent from the owners of selected broiler farms in Kelantan, Malaysia. Swabs were kept in Amie’s transport media before being placed in enrichment broth. The DNA was extracted directly from the broth and specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed, which targeted hippurate hydrolase (hipO) gene of C. jejuni. Three broiler farms from different districts in Kelantan were identified. A total of 120 cloacal swabs were analyzed, 20% (24/120) confirmed by PCR-positive for hipO gene when the amplified product with the band size of approximately 344 bases per was visualized on agarose gel. It is concluded that the prevalence of C. jejuni colonization among living broiler flocks in Kelantan was at a low level. However, further studies with bigger sample size and involvement of more farms are needed.
Detection of Campylobacter jejuni among Commercial Broiler Chickens in East-Coast Malaysia
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Palm Oil Waste Fermented with Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Neurospora crassa on Performance and Some Egg Characterizes of Laying Japanese Quails (Text)
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Palm Oil Waste Fermented with Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Neurospora crassa on Performance and Some Egg Characterizes of Laying Japanese Quails (Other)
HTML Summary of #276 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Palm Oil Waste Fermented with Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Neurospora crassa on Performance and Some Egg Characterizes of Laying Japanese Quails</epc:when>
The aims of present study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of palm oil waste fermented with Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Neurospora crassa (POWF) with ratio 1:1 on performance and some egg characterizes of laying Japanese quails. This experiment used 200 quails (Coturnix-coturnix japonica) aged 20 weeks, with 70% egg production. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments (0%, 8%, 16%, and 24% POWF and five replications). The results of this research showed that the use of POWF in the diet was not affected to feed consumption, daily egg production, egg mass, egg weight, and feed conversion. But, a significant difference in blood total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, egg cholesterol, and index egg yolk color was obsereved, and no significant effect on triglycerides and egg yolk fat. In conclusion, feeding the mixture of palm oil waste fermented with Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Neurospora crassa with ratio1:1 can be used up to 24% in laying quail rations, without any adverse effect on egg production. It may decrease the blood cholesterol and egg yolk cholesterol.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Palm Oil Waste Fermented with Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Neurospora crassa on Performance and Some Egg Characterizes of Laying Japanese Quails
Cholesterol Profile and Gut Microbial Population of Laying Hens Treated with L-Dopa Supplemented Diets (Text)
Cholesterol Profile and Gut Microbial Population of Laying Hens Treated with L-Dopa Supplemented Diets (Other)
HTML Summary of #281 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Cholesterol Profile and Gut Microbial Population of Laying Hens Treated with L-Dopa Supplemented Diets</epc:when>
In a 42-day feeding trial, the effect of L-Dopa on the performance, serum cholesterol and intestinal microbial load in laying hens were investigated. One hundred and twenty layers aged 34 weeks old were allocated to five dietary treatments with eight replicates and three birds per each replicate. The birds were fed diets supplemented with graded levels of L-Dopa (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%) in a completely randomized design. Performance parameters were monitored. On the day 42, egg, meat and blood samples were obtained to determine total cholesterol and lipoproteins using standard procedures. The ileal digesta was collected for microbial analysis. The results indicated that inclusion of L-Dopa in the diet did not affect the performance parameters and egg cholesterol profile. Serum cholesterol levels of birds fed the control diet and those on 0.1% and 0.2% L-Dopa supplemented diets were similar, but significantly higher than those fed 0.3% and 0.4% L-Dopa. The levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in the meat of the layers fed on the control diet were significantly higher than those on 0.1% and 0.3% L-Dopa, but were similar to the birds on other treatment diets. The highest and the lowest population of Escherichia coli were found in the birds on the control diet and 0.3% L-Dopa supplemented diet, respectively. The layer hens on L-Dopa supplemented diets had a significantly higher Lactobacillus count than those on the control diet. In conclusion, 0.3% L-Dopa inclusion considerably improved the cholesterol profile in the blood and meat, reduced the population of E. coli, and effectively increased the population of Lactobacillus in the laying hens.
Cholesterol Profile and Gut Microbial Population of Laying Hens Treated with L-Dopa Supplemented Diets
Experimental infection of local domestic and feral (Columba livia domestica) Pigeons with local isolate of H9N2 Influenza Virus: Virological and histopathological study (Text)
Experimental infection of local domestic and feral (Columba livia domestica) Pigeons with local isolate of H9N2 Influenza Virus: Virological and histopathological study (Other)
HTML Summary of #294 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Experimental infection of local domestic and feral (Columba livia domestica) Pigeons with local isolate of H9N2 Influenza Virus: Virological and histopathological study</epc:when>
A local isolate of low pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) H9N2 subtype was used in experimental infection of 50 domestic and 50 feral pigeons (Columba livia domestica) to determine the susceptibility of these birds to H9N2 infections and to study its histopathological effects on vaccinated and unvaccinated pigeons with H9N2 commercial vaccine. The birds were divided into five groups. Groups A and C contained 20 feral pigeons, B and D contained 20 domesticated pigeons. Group E contained 10 feral and 10 domesticated pigeons that were used as unvaccinated controls. Groups A and B were vaccinated with H9N2 and Newcastle disease virus commercial vaccines. Group C and D were vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus vaccine only. All groups except E were challenged with a local isolate of H9N2 serotype. Antibodies titers against AIV were estimated pre and post-vaccination using ELISA. The results indicated low antibody titers against AIV in all groups in pre-vaccination that ranged between 152.83 ± 42.01 and 337.00 ± 150.76 with no significant differences between groups. Post-vaccination antibody evaluation indicated high titers of anti-AIV antibodies in groups A and B (740.13 ± 214.38 and 673.00 ± 242.40, respectively) in comparison to pre-vaccination levels. Clinical signs appeared on 5th day post-vaccination that included mild respiratory signs, digestive disorders, and conjunctivitis in some birds of all groups. Histopathological changes in affected tissues appeared as moderate to severe multifocal necrosis diffused in the parenchymal cells of lung tissues. Infiltration with mononuclear inflammatory cells was detected in some lung tissue areas. Necrotic foci and mononuclear cell infiltration were also observed in trachea and liver of infected pigeons but mild changes were observed in intestine. The challenge virus was re-isolated in embryonated hen's eggs of nine days old by inoculation in allantoic cavity using samples collected from tissues and cloaca of infected pigeons showing clear clinical signs. The re-isolated virus was detected by the haemagglutination test using chicken RBCs and identified by haemagglutination inhibition test using a locally prepared hyperimmune serum to H9N2 in rabbits. In conclusion, pigeons are susceptible to AIV (H9N2) that might facilitate the transmission of the virus to other bird species.
Experimental infection of local domestic and feral (Columba livia domestica) Pigeons with local isolate of H9N2 Influenza Virus: Virological and histopathological study
Immune Profile of Broilers Between Hatch and 9 Days of Age Fed Diets with Different Betaine and Fibre Concentrations (Text)
Immune Profile of Broilers Between Hatch and 9 Days of Age Fed Diets with Different Betaine and Fibre Concentrations (Other)
HTML Summary of #314 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Immune Profile of Broilers Between Hatch and 9 Days of Age Fed Diets with Different Betaine and Fibre Concentrations</epc:when>
An experiment was designed to determine the immune profile of broiler chickens between hatch and 9 days of age when fed diets with different fibre and betaine concentrations. A total of 240 day-old Cobb 500 male chickens were allocated to 16 cages with 15 chickens each. Treatments were arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial design, with 2 replicate cages per treatment. Treatments consisted of two feed formulations (low and high fibre diets) and four levels of betaine (0, 1, 3 or 5 kg/tonne). Before the start of trial (hatch), 10 broilers were weighed and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture, then euthanised by cervical dislocation and jejunal samples collected for the determination of gene expression of claudin 1, claudin 5, occludin and interleukin 2 by PCR. Mononuclear cells populations in the blood samples were determined by flow cytometry. On days 4 and 9, five birds/cage (10 birds/treatment) were selected, euthanised and samples taken as per the start of hatch. Gene expression of claudin 1, claudin 5 and occludin was reduced between 4 and 9 days, independent of the group tested, while interleukin tended to increase between hatch and 4 days and decreased thereafter. Betaine inclusion reduced claudin 5 and occludin gene expression and increased CD8- CD28+ and CD8+ CD28+, suggesting it may aid in accelerating maturation of both the gastrointestinal tract and immune system for broilers in the early days post-hatch.
Immune Profile of Broilers Between Hatch and 9 Days of Age Fed Diets with Different Betaine and Fibre Concentrations
Toxicity, anthelmintic efficacy and proteolytic activity of chitosan-encapsulated bromelain within the gastrointestinal tract of small east african goats (Text)
Toxicity, anthelmintic efficacy and proteolytic activity of chitosan-encapsulated bromelain within the gastrointestinal tract of small east african goats (Other)
HTML Summary of #522 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Toxicity, anthelmintic efficacy and proteolytic activity of chitosan-encapsulated bromelain within the gastrointestinal tract of small east african goats</epc:when>
The development of resistance to anthelmintic drugs has prompted researches into alternative methods for controlling intestinal nematodes in ruminants. This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy, proteolytic activity, and toxicity of bromelain encapsulated in chitosan within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of Small East African goats in Kenya. Twelve healthy indigenous male goats were divided into four groups contained three goats in each groups. Treatment groups included: G1, chitosan-encapsulated bromelain (90 mg/kg); G2, chitosan-encapsulated bromelain (270 mg/kg); G3, positive control (albendazole 7.5 mg/kg); and G4, negative control. The animals were orally treated with the drugs in a single dose. The hematological and serum biochemical parameters were determined using standard methods. The strongyle fecal egg count was evaluated weekly using a modified McMaster technique. To determine the proteolytic activity of nanoencapsulated bromelain within the GIT, another set of twelve goats was used and administered 270 mg/kg of encapsulated bromelain. Every four hours, three goats were sacrificed and the proteolytic activity of the drug was determined in the different organs of the GIT. Significant differences were observed between the mean PCV of goats treated with 270 mg/kg encapsulated bromelain and non-treated goats on days 21 and 28 post-treatment. The mean aspartate aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine levels of treated and control goats did not significantly differ during the experiment period. Also, no significant difference was observed between the mean alanine aminotransferase level of treated and untreated goats 28 days post-treatment. The administration of encapsulated bromelain was not associated with any clinical sign and mortality. The reduction in fecal egg count in G1 and G2 at 28 days post-treatment was 9.5% and 22.6%, respectively. The encapsulated bromelain remained proteolytically active along the goat GIT but its protease activity varied according to the type of GIT organ and time elapsed since administration. In conclusion, chitosan-encapsulated bromelain is safe, but have low efficacy against GIT strongyle nematodes when given as a single dose. Future studies should evaluate higher and repeated doses of encapsulated bromelain for controlling GIT nematodes.
Toxicity, anthelmintic efficacy and proteolytic activity of chitosan-encapsulated bromelain within the gastrointestinal tract of small east african goats
Toxicity assessment of a multicomponent antiparasitic drug in animals (Text)
Toxicity assessment of a multicomponent antiparasitic drug in animals (Other)
HTML Summary of #526 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Toxicity assessment of a multicomponent antiparasitic drug in animals</epc:when>
The important aspect of the high quality new pharmaceuticals is safety assessment in animals in practical conditions. Toxicity assessment of the new antiparasitic multicomponent drug (Inspector Quadro Tabs) composed of lufenuron, praziquantel and moxidectin in the form of tablets for cats and dogs was carried out. The parameters of acute oral toxicity were determined on white mice and white rats and subchronic toxicity was observed after repeated oral administration to rats. Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of the drug were also evaluated. As a result of toxicological studies, median lethal doses (LD50) of the drug during oral administration to the 60 white mice were established which were equal to the following: LD50 = 14800 mg/kg (Karber's method), 13800 mg/kg (Miller and Tatener’s method); to the white rats LD50 ˃ 16912 mg/kg; according to the generally accepted classification, the drug belongs to the fourth class of hazard (low hazard substances). It was established that doses of 1691 mg/kg, 846 mg/kg and 338 mg/kg were threshold in a subchronic experiment on the rats. Moreover, it was found that the drug did not possess embryotoxic and teratogenic properties in pregnant female rats. Experimental results have confirmed the low toxicity of a new antiparasitic multicomponent drug.
Toxicity assessment of a multicomponent antiparasitic drug in animals
Comparison of Overfeeding Influence on Slaughter Performance, Small Intestinal Physiology and Microbiota between Gang Goose and Tianfu Meat Goose (Text)
Comparison of Overfeeding Influence on Slaughter Performance, Small Intestinal Physiology and Microbiota between Gang Goose and Tianfu Meat Goose (Other)
HTML Summary of #336 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Comparison of Overfeeding Influence on Slaughter Performance, Small Intestinal Physiology and Microbiota between Gang Goose and Tianfu Meat Goose</epc:when>
The objective of this research was to compare the influence of overfeeding on slaughter performance and small intestinal physiology and microbiota between Gang goose and Tianfu Meat Goose. Fifty Gang geese were randomly divided into the control group and overfed group, as were fifty Tianfu Meat geese. All geese were slaughtered after 3 weeks of overfeeding. After overeating, the results indicated that the liver weight, villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum and ileum, and the activity of invertase and maltase enzymes of Tianfu Meat goose was higher than those of Gang goose. However, the subcutaneous adipose tissue weight of Gang goose was higher than that of Tianfu Meat goose. Moreover, the Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) fingerprint indicated that the band number of intestinal bacteria in each small intestinal segment decreased in Gang goose and increased in Tianfu Meat goose. The Enterobacter had a higher gene expression in the jejunum of Gang goose than that of Tianfu Meat goose and Escherichia coli the gene expression decreased in the ileum of Tianfu Meat goose after overfeeding. In conclusion, Tianfu Meat goose’s liver weight, small intestinal digestion and absorption capacity and microbiota homeostasis were much better than those of Gang goose. Therefore, Tianfu Meat goose is more suitable for foie gras production. The results of the present study will provide a reference for the use of goose breeding for overfeeding and the relationship between intestinal physiology and the mechanism of goose fatty liver formation.
Comparison of Overfeeding Influence on Slaughter Performance, Small Intestinal Physiology and Microbiota between Gang Goose and Tianfu Meat Goose
An analytic discussion on architecture as an art. (Text)
An analytic discussion on architecture as an art. (Other)
J Art Arch Stud. 9(1) 01-04, 2020 -An analytic discussion on architecture as an art.pdf
HTML Summary of #1035 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">An analytic discussion on architecture as an art.</epc:when>
Architecture has been characterized to be a form of art by different scholars in the design field. Questions as to ‘whether architecture is always, sometimes of never an art form?’, and ‘if architecture is an art form, what makes it distinct from other art forms?’ have arisen. These questions are answered in this paper through metaphysical discussion underpinned by analytic philosophy of architecture. The argument put forward in this study provides a platform from which students of architecture and practicing architects can grasp the knowledge of the fundamental need for architecture to perform as an art and be much more than a mere aesthetic message. Thus, the study reveals architecture to be an art form which is distinct from other art forms because it goes beyond art to reveal itself as design which provides a particular functional requirement that shows responsibility for its existence.
An analytic discussion on architecture as an art.
The Qualitative Analysis of the Effective Components of Sustainable Architecture in the Design of High-rise Buildings in order to Reduce Energy Consumption in Tabriz (Text)
The Qualitative Analysis of the Effective Components of Sustainable Architecture in the Design of High-rise Buildings in order to Reduce Energy Consumption in Tabriz (Other)
HTML Summary of #1037 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Qualitative Analysis of the Effective Components of Sustainable Architecture in the Design of High-rise Buildings in order to Reduce Energy Consumption in Tabriz</epc:when>
The issue of energy in our country has not received considerable attention for years, however, in recent years, designers and planners sought to focus on the subject of the optimization of energy consumption in one of the major centers of energy consumption, that is building, due to the high cost of energy consumption and the concern about the depletion of these energy resources and the pollution arising from consuming these fuels. Meanwhile, tall buildings consume a large portion of non-renewable energy resources. Due to the construction of high-rise buildings, growing urban population, and limited proper land, designers should seek to reduce its negative environmental effects instead of rejecting it. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to sustainable architectural strategies in the process of designing and the exploitation stage of these buildings because of the accumulation of users at a limited level the significant use of energy resources in tall buildings. This paper attempts to analyze the effective elements in sustainable architecture in the design of high-rise buildings in Tabriz to reduce energy consumption. This study is of quantitative nature and data was collected using archive or library study. The findings of this research highlight that observing the effective components of sustainable architecture in the design of towering buildings contributes to saving energy consumption for space heating by 66%, and saving energy consumption for space cooling by 37.5 %.
The Qualitative Analysis of the Effective Components of Sustainable Architecture in the Design of High-rise Buildings in order to Reduce Energy Consumption in Tabriz
Conceptual art in Turkey: Cengiz Çekil (Text)
Conceptual art in Turkey: Cengiz Çekil (Other)
HTML Summary of #1038 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Conceptual art in Turkey: Cengiz Çekil</epc:when>
Conceptual Art emerged in the 1960s and displayed an entirely idiosyncratic structure as compared to those years’ prevailing form pursuits. It involved the art object in an intellectual process rather than a structural process. This very understanding, which keeps its distance from art object and prioritizes the artists’ ideas, enables the artists to express themselves by exploiting all kinds of materials. Similar tendencies became manifest in Turkey during the end of 1970s. Some Turkish artists returned back to the country after completing their studies abroad and with the occasion of biennials they became effective in the scene of conceptual art. Each of these artists produced individually important conceptual artworks, which represent their own time. This research is focused on Cengiz Çekil, who is an important representative of Conceptual Art in Turkey, the period when Conceptual Art emerged, its leading artists back then and their works. Furthermore, this paper includes the examination of Cengiz Çekil’s works which carry the social and cultural traces of his time, his interviews, art perception and both his position and importance in today’s Conceptual Art. Based on the existing examples the literature has been reviewed and the artist’s works have been analysed. When it comes to Conceptual Art in Turkey, one of the first names that come to mind is Cengiz Çekil. For, by means of the unique mentality he demonstrates through his ‘new’ and astonishing style, he has been one of the most prominent artists in Turkish art history.
A method proposal for interior design analysis via Villa Savoye. (Text)
A method proposal for interior design analysis via Villa Savoye. (Other)
J Art Arch Stud. 9(1) 05-13, 2020-interior design analysis via Villa Savoye.pdf
HTML Summary of #1036 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A method proposal for interior design analysis via Villa Savoye.</epc:when>
The aim of this study is to examine the subject of modernism and the international style and to analyse a building of that period. The study provides a method for interior design analysis. In order to make interior analysis, a system consisting of basic design principles and architectural design criteria has been created. According to this method, space is evaluated in two parts as physical environment that includes architectural and interiors parts and aesthetic environment that includes elements of design and principles of design. In the study, interior design analysis of Villa Savoye designed by Le Corbusier is performed. Villa Savoye, which constitutes the basis of the design principles of the modern period and is one of the important examples in interior design, is analysed according to this method. As a result of this examination, Villa Savoye has been found to have the characteristics of the term appropriately but also has some application problems. With this study, it is aimed to contribute literature about interior design analysis method and adapt this method to a building.
A method proposal for interior design analysis via Villa Savoye.
Immunological Study on Salmonellae Isolated from Different Sources (Text)
Immunological Study on Salmonellae Isolated from Different Sources (Other)
HTML Summary of #80 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Immunological Study on Salmonellae Isolated from Different Sources</epc:when>
Salmonella infection is a critical veterinary and medical problem worldwide and is a major issue in the food industry. Non-typhoidal Salmonella is known as an important pathogen causing gastroenteritis. The Outer Membrane Proteins (OMPs) of Gram negative bacteria are significant for virulence, host immune responses and drug therapy targets. Enhanced diagnosis of live poultry colonized with Salmonella species is required to avoid foodborne diseases. The present study was based on molecular characterization of OMPs among four Salmonella serovars (S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Kentucky and S. Anatum) using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The OMPs profiling showed more than 70 protein bands ranged in size from 208 kDa to below 16 kDa which were detected using Total Lab 1D 12.2 software. All Salmonella strains had a band at 54-60 kDa, 45-53 kDa, 36-39 kDa and 26-31 kDa. Eleven strains exhibited a band at 41-46 kDa and 33-35 kDa. Nine strains had a band at 61-69 kDa. Eight strains exhibited a band at 135-145 kDa and 72-79 kDa. Seven strains had a band at 108-123 kDa and 83-91 kDa. In the Western blot analysis, the prepared hyperimmune anti serum of each Salmonella serovars reacted with the 35 kDa protein band. It is concluded that the identification of novel immunogenic proteins would be useful in developing ELISA-based diagnostic assays with a higher specificity.
Immunological Study on Salmonellae Isolated from Different Sources
Detection of Virulence Genes in Bacillus cereus isolated from Meat Products Using PCR (Text)
Detection of Virulence Genes in Bacillus cereus isolated from Meat Products Using PCR (Other)
HTML Summary of #83 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Detection of Virulence Genes in Bacillus cereus isolated from Meat Products Using PCR</epc:when>
Bacillus cereus is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause food poisoning in humans as a result of consuming foods containing toxins or bacteria. In this study, the incidence of B. cereus and its virulence genes in meat products was investigated. Isolation of B. cereus was performed using selective PEMBA media and confirmed by morphological and biochemical tests and Vitek2 compact system. The incidence of B. cereus strains in beef and chicken meat products was 28%. The incidence of Bacillus cereus in frozen rice kofta, frozen kobiba-shami, chicken pane, and chicken nuggets was 16%, 24%, 28%, and 44%, respectively. Moreover, the result of multiplex PCR of virulence genes of groEL gene (533bp), Hbl gene (1091 bp), Nhe gene (766 bp) and Cytk gene (421bp) indicated that groEl gene, Nhe gene, Cytck gene was found in 100% of B. cereus isolated from different meat products, while Hbl gene was detected in 10% of isolates. The results demonstrate that meat products represent a threat to public health through the transmission of Bacillus cereus.
Detection of Virulence Genes in Bacillus cereus isolated from Meat Products Using PCR
The Effect of Methionine on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Gut Morphology of Finisher Broilers under Tropical Environment Conditions (Text)
The Effect of Methionine on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Gut Morphology of Finisher Broilers under Tropical Environment Conditions (Other)
HTML Summary of #87 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effect of Methionine on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Gut Morphology of Finisher Broilers under Tropical Environment Conditions</epc:when>
The present study was conducted to determine the effect of DL- and L-methionine on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and gut morphology during the finisher phase in the tropical environment. A total of 560 one-day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were purchased and raised for 35 days. The chicks were divided into four dietary treatments with seven replicates (20 birds per replicate). The basal diet was offered to the chickens during the starter and finisher phases. The DL-methionine was supplemented to the finisher diet as at 0.260% (T1) and 0.179% (T2). Correspondingly, the L-methionine was supplemented to the finisher diet with the same ratios; 0.260% (T3) and 0.179% (T4). The findings revealed no significant differences in growth performance between the two forms of methionine. The obtained results indicated no significant differences in carcass characteristics, the villi heights and crypt depth among the dietary treatments. In conclusion, DL-methionine can be used in broiler nutrition as substitute for L- methionine which is more expensive in poultry industry.
The Effect of Methionine on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Gut Morphology of Finisher Broilers under Tropical Environment Conditions
A Field Study on Biochemical Changes Associated with Salmonella Infection in Ducklings (Text)
A Field Study on Biochemical Changes Associated with Salmonella Infection in Ducklings (Other)
HTML Summary of #91 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A Field Study on Biochemical Changes Associated with Salmonella Infection in Ducklings</epc:when>
The present study aimed to investigate the incidence of Salmonella infection in diarrheic ducklings in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. A total of 100 samples were collected from ducklings suffered from diarrhea and mortality. Also, 50 litter samples were collected from duck farms. All specimens were collected under aseptic conditions for the isolation of Salmonella spp. The incidence of Salmonella was 7% in pooled samples from cecum, liver, spleen and gall bladder and 6% in litter samples. Ten strains of Salmonella spp. were serotyped, of which, S. Salamae (1 strain), S. Miami (2 strains), S. Kentucky (4 strains), S. Paratyphi (2 strain) and S. Magherafelt (1 strain) were detected. Susceptibility of Salmonella isolates to 10 antimicrobial agents showed that Salmonella isolates were highly sensitive to amikacin (100%), followed by trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole and gentamicin (50%). While isolates showed the highest percentage of resistance to norfloxacin (90%), followed by ciprocin (70%), flumox (70%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (70%). Virulence genes (invA, hilA, and fimA) were detected by PCR assay, all 10 Salmonella isolates showed positive results for three virulence genes, which gave specific amplicon at 284, 150, and 85 base pairs, respectively. Lethality test in five groups of three-day-old ducklings with different five isolated strains indicated a mortality rate ranged from 20-30 % in three isolates only. The most lethal strain S. Paratyphi A was chosen for further investigation as a pathogenicity test. IL-6 slightly decreased in the infected group in comparison to control. The results indicated that ducks infected with Salmonella spp. significantly showed lower RBCs, Hb, PCV, Phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, and serum albumin while, significantly had higher WBCs, neutrophil, lymphocyte, serum globulin, uric acid, creatinine, AST and ALT concentrations compared to non-infected. It could be concluded that Salmonella has hepatic and renal destructive effects and immunosuppressive effects.
A Field Study on Biochemical Changes Associated with Salmonella Infection in Ducklings
Association of Antiseptic Resistance Gene (qacEΔ1) with Class 1 Integrons in Salmonella Isolated from Broiler Chickens (Text)
Association of Antiseptic Resistance Gene (qacEΔ1) with Class 1 Integrons in Salmonella Isolated from Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #103 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Association of Antiseptic Resistance Gene (qacEΔ1) with Class 1 Integrons in Salmonella Isolated from Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Salmonella enterica is considered a zoonotic pathogen that acquires antibiotic resistance in livestock. In the current study, a total of 18 Salmonella enterica isolates recovered from cloacal swabs of diseased and freshly dead broilers were serotyped and assessed for susceptibility to clinically important antibiotics. The multi-resistant isolates were examined for the presence of the antiseptic resistance genes including quaternary ammonium (qacEΔ1) and class 1 integron-integrase (intI1) by PCR. The results of serotyping of 18 Salmonella isolates indicated that five isolates belonged to Salmonella Typhimurium, four isolates belonged to each of Salmonella Kentucky and Salmonella Enteritidis, three isolates belonged to Salmonella Molade and one isolate belonged to each of Salmonella Inganda and Salmonella Larochelle. Fifteen Salmonella isolates (83.3%) were multi-resistant to at least three antibiotics with a multidrug resistance index value of 0.473. All of the intI1-positive strains carried qacEΔ1, confirming that the qacEΔ1 gene is linked to the integrons. The study concluded that the presence of the qacEΔ1 resistance gene and class 1 integrase in multi-drug resistant Salmonella strains might be contributed to co-resistance or cross-resistance mechanisms.
Association of Antiseptic Resistance Gene (qacEΔ1) with Class 1 Integrons in Salmonella Isolated from Broiler Chickens
Comparative Evaluation of Different Antimycotoxins for Controlling Mycotoxicosis in Broiler Chickens (Text)
Comparative Evaluation of Different Antimycotoxins for Controlling Mycotoxicosis in Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #165 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Comparative Evaluation of Different Antimycotoxins for Controlling Mycotoxicosis in Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Natural contamination of feedstuffs with mycotoxins is considered a major problem affecting the poultry industry in Egypt. Accordingly, this study aimed to compare the ability of different antimycotoxin compounds in the control of mycotoxicosis caused by naturally contaminated diet in broiler chickens. A total of 180 day-old broiler chicks were divided into six groups (30 chicks each group) and kept for a 5-week experimental period. Group 1 was kept as control negative (non mycotoxicated or treated), while group 2 was kept as a positive control (mycotoxicated only). Groups 2-6 were fed ration contaminated with 11 ppb aflatoxins, 3.9 ppb ochratoxins, and 4.2 ppm zearalenone. Groups 3-6 were kept in mycotoxicated ration until 2 weeks of age when clinical signs and lesions were suggestive for mycotoxicosis. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were treated with biological, antioxidant, immunostimulant compounds; respectively. Biological, antioxidants and immunostimulant compounds were given in the drinking water. In group 6, ration was treated with formaldehyde vapor. Performance parameters including body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion rate were recorded weekly. Clinical signs, mortalities and lesions were observed. Serum samples were collected for determination of immunological profile to infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus vaccine. Moreover, liver, kidney and bursa of Fabricius were collected for histopathological examination. Muscles and liver tissue samples were collected for determination of aflatoxins residues. Results revealed significant improvement in performance parameters in treated groups in comparison to non-treated mycotoxicated group, however, antioxidants-treated birds showed the highest performance. The severity of clinical signs and lesions were reduced in the treated chickens compared to non-treated mycotoxicated ones. Significant modulation in immune response toward IBD virus was observed in all treated chickens compared to non-treated mycotoxicated chickens. Histopathological examination of organs of control mycotoxicated birds showed severe degenerative changes which became mild in bursa of Fabricius while returned to normal histological structure in liver and kidney. Residues of aflatoxins in tissues of all groups exceeded the permissible limit with high levels in mycotoxicated control positive group. In conclusion, water treatments with some antimycotoxin agents like biological, antioxidants and immunostimulant compounds greatly counteracted the adverse effect of the naturally contaminated ration with different mycotoxins.
Comparative Evaluation of Different Antimycotoxins for Controlling Mycotoxicosis in Broiler Chickens
Development of a duplex real-time PCR for differentiation of Salmonella Typhimurium and monophasic serovars (Text)
Development of a duplex real-time PCR for differentiation of Salmonella Typhimurium and monophasic serovars (Other)
HTML Summary of #178 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Development of a duplex real-time PCR for differentiation of Salmonella Typhimurium and monophasic serovars</epc:when>
Salmonella Typhimurium is the most Salmonella serovar causing acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea. Serovar 1, 4, [5], 12: i:- is considered a monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium that threaten public health. Fifty-eight serologically confirmed Salmonella strains were investigated by PCR using 16S rRNA and fliC genes. All 58 strains harbored 16S rRNA while 21 strains harbored fliC gene that included S. Typhimurium (12), S. Kentucky (6), Salmonella variant strain serotype 1, 4, [5],12:i:- (1), S. Lagos (1), and S. Kedougou (1). A duplex TaqMan real-time PCR was performed for differentiating between biphasic S. Typhimurium and monophasic serovar 1, 4, [5], 12:i:- using fljB1, 2 and fliB/IS200 in the fliA-fliB intergenic region. Ten out of twelve S. Typhimurium harbored fljB 1, 2, while Salmonella variant strain serotype 1, 4, [5], 12:i:- lacked this gene. Thirteen strains (12 S. Typhimurium and the variant strain serotype 1, 4, [5], 12:i:-) were positive for fliB/IS200 that is a specific gene for S. Typhimurium (biphasic and monophasic ). The result of duplex TaqMan real-time PCR indicated that 10 S. Typhimurium strains were biphasic while two S. Typhimurium strains and the variant strain serotype 1, 4, [5], 12:i:- lack fljB1,2 and had fliB/IS200 were monophasic S. Typhimurium. It is noticed that prolonged subculture and repeat phase inversion method leads to the formation of flakes that in turn cause wrongly serotype identification, therefore, real-time PCR is rapid and can be used for identifying and differentiating between biphasic and monophasic S. Typhimurium.
Development of a duplex real-time PCR for differentiation of Salmonella Typhimurium and monophasic serovars
Efficacy of Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine in Chicken (Text)
Efficacy of Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine in Chicken (Other)
HTML Summary of #179 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Efficacy of Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine in Chicken</epc:when>
Staphylococcus aureus is considered one of the most important pathogens causing septic arthritis in poultry with significant economic losses. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a locally prepared S. aureus vaccine against staphylococcal arthritis in poultry. Out of 78 samples collected from infected chickens showing clinical signs bumble foot, 10 field isolates were detected and confirmed phenotypically by culturing, Gram staining, biochemical and molecular identification to be S. aureus in prevalence of 12.82%. Molecular identification of clumping factor A (ClfA) and blaZ genes of S. aureus isolates revealed that the PCR amplification with ClfA and blaZspecific primers conducted with genomic DNA resulted in products of approximate size 638 bp and 833 bp, respectively. Phylogenetic tree for S. aureus ClfA virulence gene partial sequences was generated using maximum likelihood, neighbour joining and maximum parsimony in MEGA6. It showed clear clustring of Egyptian isolated strain (S. aureus ASM strain) and different S. aureus strains uploaded from GenBank. Sequence identities between the Egyptian isolated strain (S. aureus ASM strain)and different S. aureus strains uploaded from GenBank revealed 99.5% to 100% homology. Also, there was identity and homology in S. aureusblaZgene nucleotide sequence in the Egyptian isolated strain (S. aureus ASM strain)and the different S. aureus strains uploaded from GenBank revealed 96.1% to 98.9% homology. Phylogenetic tree for S. aureusblaZβ-lactamases resistant gene partial sequences showed clear clustring of the Egyptian isolated strain (S. aureus ASM strain)and different S. aureus strains uploaded from GenBank. The results of humoral immune response revealed that the geometric mean antibody values against locally prepared S. aureus vaccine measured by indirect hemagglutination test increased from 1st week post vaccination gradually till reached maximum level (322.5) at 6th week post boostering. The results showed an increased humoral antibody production in vaccinated group that was capable of preventing establishment of new S. aureus infection in vaccinated group compared to control group. The mortality rates in unvaccinated group was higher than that of vaccinated group were (42.5%, vs. 7.5%) at 1st and 2nd week post challenge (39.1% vs. 5.4%). The protection % in challenge assay of the prepared S. aureus vaccine was (92.5% and 87.5%) at 1st and 2nd week post challenge respectively. It could be concluded that the prepeared vaccine was safe, potent and protect birds against S. aureus infection.
Efficacy of Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine in Chicken
Comparative Clinicopathological Study of Salmonellosis in Integrated Fish-Duck Farming (Text)
Comparative Clinicopathological Study of Salmonellosis in Integrated Fish-Duck Farming (Other)
HTML Summary of #182 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Comparative Clinicopathological Study of Salmonellosis in Integrated Fish-Duck Farming</epc:when>
Poultry litter is used in fish farms as fertilizer thus integrated fish-duck farming is common in some areas of Egypt. Salmonella bacteria may be present in poultry litter and contaminate fish ponds and infect duck farms. To investigate incidence and prevalence of Salmonella infection in integrated duck-fish farms, 50 litter samples, 200 cloacal swabs from integrated duck farms, 60 liver samples from integrated duck farms and 69 water samples from the fish pond were collected. Results revealed the isolation and identification of 19 Salmonella spp. belonging to 14 different serotypes (4 isolates from litter, 2 isolates from fish pond water, 8 isolates from cloacal swabs of ducks and 5 isolates from ducks liver). Fifty, one-day-old Pekin ducks were experimentally infected with five chosen Salmonella serotypes (S. Bargny, S. Tshingwe, S. Uganda, S. Kentucky, and S. Enteritidis). The results from experimental infection revealed clinicopathological findings including degeneration and necrosis in the liver, lymphoid depletion and macrophage infiltration in the spleen and enteritis. Mortality ranged from 28.6% in S. Bargny, S. Enteritidis and S. Kentucky and increased to 42.9% in S. Uganda and reached up to 100% in S.Tshingwe. Body weight gain decreased by 16% in S. Uganda and exceeded to 23.9% in S. Kentucky and decreased by 31% in S. Bargny and S. Enteritidis as compared to the control group. Feed conversion ratio was recorded and ranged from 5.1, 5.11, 4.98, 5.15 and 4.02 in S. Bargny, S. Uganda, S. Kentucky, S. Enteritidis, and control group, respectively. In conclusion, different species of Salmonella can affect integrated duck-fish farms and cause high mortality as well as a decrease in feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and body weight gain.
Comparative Clinicopathological Study of Salmonellosis in Integrated Fish-Duck Farming
Detection of Bacterial Contamination in Imported Live Poultry Vaccines to Egypt in 2018 (Text)
Detection of Bacterial Contamination in Imported Live Poultry Vaccines to Egypt in 2018 (Other)
HTML Summary of #174 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Detection of Bacterial Contamination in Imported Live Poultry Vaccines to Egypt in 2018</epc:when>
The vaccine is one of the most important biological products used in the poultry industry, thus it must be safe, potent, and effective. This work presents the results of a large-scale diagnostic survey performed in Egypt to study hygienic epidemiology and how vaccination may affect the viral circulation in the field. This study aimed to detect bacterial contamination in live poultry vaccines imported to Egypt during 2018. In this study, 285 consignments poultry vaccines, including 114 consignments live vaccine, 103 consignments recombinant vaccines, and 68 consignments killed vaccines (imported through Cairo airport during 2018) were examined for bacterial contamination. The vaccines were imported from USA, Italy, France, Spain, Mexico, and China. Bacterial contamination with Salmonella species was detected using the VITEK 2 system in two samples (1.8%) (IB+HB1 vaccine imported from Italy and ILT vaccine imported from USA).
Detection of Bacterial Contamination in Imported Live Poultry Vaccines to Egypt in 2018
Experimental trial for prevention of necrotic enteritis by vaccination and immune enhancement of broiler chickens (Text)
Experimental trial for prevention of necrotic enteritis by vaccination and immune enhancement of broiler chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #215 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Experimental trial for prevention of necrotic enteritis by vaccination and immune enhancement of broiler chickens</epc:when>
Alternative strategies are applied for the prevention of Necrotic Enteritis (NE) particularly after the global perspective of the antibiotic ban. This study was a trial for NE control depending on vaccination by toxoid and/or immune enhancement by Nutri-lac IGA administration (a liquid mixture of fermentation by-product 80%, lactic acid 10%, and formic acid 10%). A total of 120 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups (30 chicks/group). Group 1 (G1) was vaccinated with C. perfringens type A toxoid; Group 2 (G2) was toxoid-vaccinated and immune enhanced by Nutri-Lac IGA; Group 3 (G3) was immune enhanced by Nutri-Lac IGA and Group 4 served as control. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups, one subgroup was challenged with C. perfringens and the other was kept unchallenged. No significant clinical signs were detected in birds and mortality was observed only among challenged controls. The thin and friable intestinal wall was observed in all challenged broilers which extended to ulceration only in the challenged control group. No prominent histopathological findings related to NE were detected except in challenged controls and the highest protection against the NE-histopathological changes vividly appeared in the challenged G2 group. Significant increase in body weight of G1 and G2 groups after challenge in comparison to before challenge. While body weight of chickens in both G3 and challenged control groups was lower after challenge than before challenge. Pre-challenge ELISA results indicated no significant difference in immunoglobulin (Ig) Y titer among all groups after the first dose of vaccination, while significant differences appeared after the booster dose. The highest IgY titer was recorded in the G2 group, followed by G1, and G3 group. Post-challenge ELISA results showed a highly significant difference among all challenged subgroups. The highest IgY titer was recorded in the G1, followed by G2, and G3 group. The serum neutralization test also demonstrated the highest mean antibody titer in G1 and G2 groups. In conclusion, this study confirmed that a toxoid-immunostimulant combination is effective in NE prevention only when it is accompanied by the absence of NE predisposing factors.
Experimental trial for prevention of necrotic enteritis by vaccination and immune enhancement of broiler chickens
The Effect of Bromhexine and Thyme Oil on Enhancement of the Efficacy of Tilmicosin against Pasteurellosis in Broiler Chickens (Text)
The Effect of Bromhexine and Thyme Oil on Enhancement of the Efficacy of Tilmicosin against Pasteurellosis in Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #241 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effect of Bromhexine and Thyme Oil on Enhancement of the Efficacy of Tilmicosin against Pasteurellosis in Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Pasteurella multocida is one of the commensal flora of the upper respiratory tract. Under stress conditions, it may be involved as a secondary agent in various respiratory syndromes and caused high mortality as well as significant economic losses in chickens. This study evaluated the effect of bromhexine or thyme oil on enhancement of efficacy of tilmicosin in treatment of avian pasteurellosis. A total of 63 adult chickens were infected by Pasteurella multocida and classified into seven groups and treated as follow; non-infected non-treated group (control negative), infected non-treated group (control positive), group infected and treated by tilmicosin alone, group infected and treated by bromhexine alone, group infected and treated by thyme oil alone, group infected and treated by tilmicosin+bromhexine, and group infected and treated by tilmicosin+thyme oil. Clinical signs, mortality rate, bacterial re-isolation, hematobiochemical and histopathological parameters were determined. The results showed a significant decrease in mortality, bacterial re-isolation as well as clinical signs in combined treated groups compared to tilmicosin group as well as improvement in hematobiochemical and histopathological parameters of combined treated groups. Furthermore, the combination of tilmicosin and bromhexine or thyme oil was more potent in the treatment of pasteurellosis in chickens than each treatment alone. Finally, the clinically observed damage in chickens infected with P. multocida can be ameliorated by a combination of tilmicosin with bromhexine or thyme oil. This protective effect could improve the use of antibiotics in poultry farms as well as reduce human exposure to antibiotic residues and bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
The Effect of Bromhexine and Thyme Oil on Enhancement of the Efficacy of Tilmicosin against Pasteurellosis in Broiler Chickens
Antibacterial Sensitivity and Detection of Virulence Associated Gene of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Rabbits (Text)
Antibacterial Sensitivity and Detection of Virulence Associated Gene of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Rabbits (Other)
HTML Summary of #254 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Antibacterial Sensitivity and Detection of Virulence Associated Gene of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Rabbits</epc:when>
The aim of the present work was to determine antibacterial sensitivity and resistance patterns of Pasteurella multocida isolated from rabbits in different farms of Assiut Governorate. Also, this study aimed to detect virulence-associated gene (toxA) of Pasteurella multocida. A total of 40 freshly dead rabbits were used to collect samples from liver, lung and subcutaneous abscess. In addition, tracheal swab samples were collected from 20 diseased rabbits. Bacteriological examination revealed that Pasteurella spp. were isolated and phenotypically identified with an incidence rate of 55% (33 out of 60 rabbits). Ten Pasteurella spp. isolates were randomly chosen for antibiotic sensitivity testing and molecular identification using PCR. Antibiotic sensitivity test was carried using standard disk diffusion method against 13 antibacterial drugs to determine antibacterial sensitivity and resistance patterns of Pasteurella isolates and revealed variable sensitivity and resistance to antibacterial drugs. Pasteurella multocida isolates were sensitive to wide variety of antibiotics (norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, florfenicol, doxycycline, gentamycin, cephradine and cefoxitin). Three out of ten isolates were molecularly confirmed to be Pasteurella multocida and all of them demonstrated the presence of toxA virulence genes. In conclusion, the prevalence of Pasteurella infections in rabbits in Assiut Governorate was relatively high.
Antibacterial Sensitivity and Detection of Virulence Associated Gene of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Rabbits
In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles alone and in Combination with Antibiotics against Avian Pathogenic E. coli (Text)
In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles alone and in Combination with Antibiotics against Avian Pathogenic E. coli (Other)
HTML Summary of #255 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles alone and in Combination with Antibiotics against Avian Pathogenic E. coli</epc:when>
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have become one of the major issues and concerns worldwide. For the past years, scientists have investigated the use of treatments in the nano-scale. Nanomaterials, such as metal oxide nanoparticles, have shown promising results due to their antibacterial properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of in vitro antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) alone and in combination with different antibiotics against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. In this study, ZnO NPs were synthesized using direct precipitation method. Physical characteristics of ZnO NPs were confirmed using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Antibacterial resistance pattern of 10 antibiotics including amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, doxycycline, levofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, spiramycin, and streptomycin, in addition to different concentrations of ZnO NPs, was determined by disc diffusion method on 10 avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). The results showed that 50% of the strains were resistant to all antibiotics, while the rest were found to be sensitive to one or two antibiotics. The best concentration of ZnO NPs was 50 mg/disk, which showed greater zones than that of other used concentrations (25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125, and 1.56 mg/disk). The combination of spiramycin and gentamycin with ZnO NPs showed a synergistic effect while the combination of ZnO NPs with ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and streptomycin showed an antagonistic effect. No antibacterial effect was observed in combination of ZnO NPs with other used antibiotics. This study recommends in vivo evaluations to confirm the results.
In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles alone and in Combination with Antibiotics against Avian Pathogenic E. coli
Assessment of Genetic Variability and Population Structure of Five Rabbit Breeds by Microsatellites Markers Associated with Genes (Text)
Assessment of Genetic Variability and Population Structure of Five Rabbit Breeds by Microsatellites Markers Associated with Genes (Other)
HTML Summary of #291 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Assessment of Genetic Variability and Population Structure of Five Rabbit Breeds by Microsatellites Markers Associated with Genes</epc:when>
The present study was intended to estimate the specific genetic variants by using nine genetic markers among five rabbit breeds (New Zealand White, California, Chinchilla, Flander, and Babion) in Egypt. A total of 128 animals were used (19-35 rabbits per breed). A total of 97 alleles were detected across the breeds and the average number of alleles per locus was 2.16±0.11. Five private alleles were present in Babion breed, where the locus INRACCDDV0023 had two private alleles of 293 and 297 base pairs with allele frequencies of 0.4 and 0.1, respectively. The INRACCDDV0036, INRACCDDV0304, and INRACCDDV0241 loci had private allele for each (185bp (freq: 0.24), 197 (freq: 0.47), and 137bp (freq: 0.26), respectively). The mean of He values ranged from 0.35±0.06 to 0.49±0.07. The average of the polymorphic information content was 0.41 (ranged from 0.298 at INRACCDDV0211 to 0.599 at INRACCDDV0036 locus). To estimate the genetic deviation of the five rabbit breeds, two parameters were evaluated: genetic differentiation (FST), and genetic distance. The FST values varied from 0.029 (INRACCDDV0036) to 0.785 (INRACCDDV0022). The similarity matrix showed that the Chinchilla breed was distinct from other breeds. In addition, among the nine loci, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was highly significant for five loci. Therefore, the rabbit breeds are good reservoirs of allelic diversity that is the major basis for genetic improvement. Consequently, the breeders need a formal conservation plan for such breeds that are in danger of extinction in near future.
Assessment of Genetic Variability and Population Structure of Five Rabbit Breeds by Microsatellites Markers Associated with Genes
The Impact of Alpha-lipoic Acid Dietary Supplementation on Growth Performance, Liver and Bone Efficiency, and Expression Levels of Growth-Regulating Genes in Commercial Broilers (Text)
The Impact of Alpha-lipoic Acid Dietary Supplementation on Growth Performance, Liver and Bone Efficiency, and Expression Levels of Growth-Regulating Genes in Commercial Broilers (Other)
HTML Summary of #309 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Impact of Alpha-lipoic Acid Dietary Supplementation on Growth Performance, Liver and Bone Efficiency, and Expression Levels of Growth-Regulating Genes in Commercial Broilers</epc:when>
Increasing bird growth is a crucial demand for all poultry producers. This occurs by the genetic improvement of the existing breeds and by improving the feeding management. The present study investigated the impact of Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA) supplementation in the diet on performance, serum parameters, tibia bone composition, and the expression levels of growth-related genes in chickens. A total of 120 day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 505) were used and divided into four groups. The control group was fed on a basal diet without the ALA supplement. The birds in groups of A50, A100, and A200 were fed on the formulated diet supplemented with ALA at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of diet, respectively for 35 days. Results indicated that ALA supplementation significantly improved the birds’ growth performance. This effect was associated with a marked upregulation of mRNA levels of GHR and IGFR and a significant downregulation of MSTN expression level. In addition, the ALA dietary provision caused a distinct improvement in liver function and bone efficiency. Thus, the improving effect of ALA on birds’ growth performance is mediated by modulating the growth-regulating genes. In conclusion, ALA could be used as a good growth-promoter in dietary supplements.
The Impact of Alpha-lipoic Acid Dietary Supplementation on Growth Performance, Liver and Bone Efficiency, and Expression Levels of Growth-Regulating Genes in Commercial Broilers
Molecular Identification of a Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from Egypt (Text)
Molecular Identification of a Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from Egypt (Other)
HTML Summary of #320 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Molecular Identification of a Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from Egypt</epc:when>
Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) is still a major concern for the Egyptian poultry industry in spite of the mass vaccination programs implemented from a long years ago. The current study aimed to carry out the molecular identification of surface glycoprotein genes of NDV field strain isolated from the Giza governorate, Egypt. Tracheae were collected from 10 broilers NDV-vaccinated chicken flocks (at least three samples from each flock) suffering from mild to moderate respiratory symptoms; with mortalities varying from 10-40% during October 2019. Only five samples showed HA positive activity after propagation in specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs and only one sample was positive for Avian avulavirus 1 by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Sequencing for the cleavage site of the F protein gene of the positive isolate showed the typical known sequence of velogenic NDV strains (112RRQKRF117). Phylogenetic analysis of both F and HN genes showed high similarity and close relation to Chinese strains of Genotype VII and more specifically subtype VIId, suggesting the role of migratory wild birds in NDV evolution in Egypt. In conclusion, further epidemiological and surveillance studies are strongly recommended to define the exact role of migratory wild birds in NDV evolution in Egypt.
Molecular Identification of a Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from Egypt
EFFECT OF PELLETED BROWSE-BASED FEED WITH A BASAL DIET OF Andropogon gayanus FOR SHEEP ON INTAKE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS (Text)
EFFECT OF PELLETED BROWSE-BASED FEED WITH A BASAL DIET OF Andropogon gayanus FOR SHEEP ON INTAKE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS (Other)
OJAFR 10(3) 76-84, 2020-basal diet of Andropogon gayanus for sheep.pdf
HTML Summary of #72 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EFFECT OF PELLETED BROWSE-BASED FEED WITH A BASAL DIET OF Andropogon gayanus FOR SHEEP ON INTAKE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS</epc:when>
The study was designed to evaluate the nutritional quality of pelleted diets based on four of the major feed resources fed to small ruminants by farmers in the Accra Plains. Leaves of Samanea saman, Acacia auriculiformis and Ficus exasperata and cassava peels were dried, mixed with other ingredients and pelleted. A preference trial showed sheep accepted all the four supplements with a marked preference for cassava peels-based (CP-B) and Samanea saman-based (SL-B) supplements compared with Acacia auriculiformis-based (AL-B) and Ficus exasperata-based (FL-B) supplements (P<0.05). The supplements were subsequently fed to Eight West African Dwarf sheep on a basal diet of Andropogon gayanus (Gamba grass) hay in Latin square design. Dry matter intakes (DMI) did not differ by the type of supplement (P=0.05). However, crude protein intake (CPI) was higher (P<0.05) in sheep fed AL-B and FL-B than those fed SL-B and CP-B. Dry matter and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility were lowest (P<0.05) for sheep fed CP-B. Dietary treatments did not affect haematological parameters, except for neutrophil percentage which was higher (P<0.05) in sheep fed CP-B than those fed SL-B. Animals fed CP-B had the lowest monocyte concentrations (P<0.05). Furthermore, all the serum biochemical parameters were not affected by dietary treatment except total protein concentration which was highest (P<0.05) in sheep fed on AL-B. It is concluded that the feed resources available to the small ruminant keepers can be used to prepare pelleted supplements that are acceptable to sheep and help sustain appreciable performance on low quality forages during the dry season without any deleterious effects on intake, digestibility, physiology and health. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved
EFFECT OF PELLETED BROWSE-BASED FEED WITH A BASAL DIET OF Andropogon gayanus FOR SHEEP ON INTAKE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS
Prevalence of bovine gastro intestinal parasitic infection in and around kombolcha town (Text)
Prevalence of bovine gastro intestinal parasitic infection in and around kombolcha town (Other)
OJAFR 10(3) 144-149, 2020-extracellular phytase producing lactic acid bacteria.pdf
HTML Summary of #68 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Prevalence of bovine gastro intestinal parasitic infection in and around kombolcha town</epc:when>
A cross-sectional study was conducted in and around Kombolcha from October 2017 to April 2018 to determine the prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminthes parasites in cattle. A total of 384 randomly selected cattle were sampled and examined using standard coprological procedure. The overall prevalence was 39.8 of gastrointestinal (GI) helminthes and the prevalent helminthes eggs identified were 15.6 Paramphistomum species (spp), 10.4 strongly type eggs, 8.6 Fasciola spp., 3.1 Trichuris species and 2.1 Toxocaraspecies. This result indicated the highest prevalence of Paramphistomum spp. eggs than other helminthes egg and the lowest prevalence of Toxocara species egg. There was statistically significant difference among the age groups in paramphistomum and strongly infection (χ2=24.960, p≤0.001) and (χ2=17.047, p≤0.001) respectively. Higher prevalence rate was shown in 2-5 years age of cattle. Between body conditions there was also significant (p≤0.000 and p≤0.013) difference in paramphistomum and strongly and which was higher in moderate animals and lower in animals with good body condition. Sex had no significant effect on the prevalence of helminthes parasite, except for strongly type of egg. The present study revealed that there is high prevalence of GI helminthes infection in cattle in the study area. Therefore, strategic prevention should be advocated to prevent the problem in and around Kombolcha. © 2020.
Prevalence of bovine gastro intestinal parasitic infection in and around kombolcha town
ISOLATION OF EXTRACELLULAR PHYTASE PRODUCING LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FROM THE GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT OF POULTRY BIRDS (Text)
ISOLATION OF EXTRACELLULAR PHYTASE PRODUCING LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FROM THE GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT OF POULTRY BIRDS (Other)
HTML Summary of #61 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">ISOLATION OF EXTRACELLULAR PHYTASE PRODUCING LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FROM THE GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT OF POULTRY BIRDS</epc:when>
Bacterial phytases and phytase-producing bacteria are of great industrial significance in the poultry industry and also in phosphorus pollution management. This study was designed to isolate and screen for phytase producing lactic acid bacteria from the duodenum, ileum and cecum of eight healthy cockerel samples. Standard microbiological procedures were followed to isolate phytase producing lactic acid bacteria using de Man Rogosa and Sharp (MRS) agar while extracellular phytase screening was done using phytase specific medium. The range of total microbial count obtain was highest at the cecum (2.85±0.11 to 4.34±0.12 log10 cfu/ml), lower at the duodenum (2.02±0.11 to 4.27±0.20 log10 cfu/ml) and lowest at the ileum (2.00±0.21 to 4.19±0.25 log10 cfu/ml). Nineteen bacterial isolates were identified as lactic acid bacteria on the basis of morphological, biochemical and physiological characterization and later identified as Lactobacillus species (78.94), Enterococcus species (15.78) and Lactococcus species (5.26). Thirteen out of the nineteen lactic acid bacteria showed phytase activity. Low phytase activity was observed in eight of the lactic acid bacteria isolates while five of the isolates produced significant extracellular phytase activity (>6mm). The most predominant Lactobacillus species were also found to be the most potent phytase producers. This can be exploited for industrial production of phytase in upgrading the nutritional status of feed and combating phosphorus pollution from poultry waste. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All rights reserved
ISOLATION OF EXTRACELLULAR PHYTASE PRODUCING LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FROM THE GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT OF POULTRY BIRDS
MAJOR DISEASES OF NILE CROCODILE (Crocodylus niloticus) WITH FOCUS ON CURRENT STATUS IN ARBA MINCH CROCODILE RANCH, ETHIOPIA (Text)
MAJOR DISEASES OF NILE CROCODILE (Crocodylus niloticus) WITH FOCUS ON CURRENT STATUS IN ARBA MINCH CROCODILE RANCH, ETHIOPIA (Other)
OJAFR 10(3) 98-110, 2020-diseases of nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus).pdf
HTML Summary of #64 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">MAJOR DISEASES OF NILE CROCODILE (Crocodylus niloticus) WITH FOCUS ON CURRENT STATUS IN ARBA MINCH CROCODILE RANCH, ETHIOPIA</epc:when>
Crocodylus niloticus is found in 26 African countries including Ethiopia, the largest recorded specimen measuring 17.0 feet Nile crocodile from the Gambela Upeno River in 1969. Its presence and absence also depend on the climatic conditions and the environment (i.e. the landscape for basking and feeding). In Ethiopia, Nile crocodiles have a mating period during September to October, Nesting occurs in the dry season December to January, and hatchling takes place at the onset of the rainy season, i.e. March/April months. Over the period of 2007-2016 an average of 201,000 Crocodylus niloticus skins were exported globally per year, with an increasing trend over the period 2009-2016. Besides the management problems, at Arba Minch Crocodile Ranch, Nile crocodiles are suffering from nutritional abnormalities and health problems. The diseases of the Nile crocodile are classified as infectious (transmissible) and non-infectious (non-transmissible). A transmissible crocodile disease includes bacterial, viral, fungal, protozoan, and parasitic diseases; non-transmissible crocodile diseases are nutritional, toxic poisonings and metabolic disorders; other diseases like nutritional bone diseases and skin lesions are the major health problems at Arba Minch Crocodile Ranch. The main aim of this review is to highlight the major diseases and management status of Crocodylus niloticus in Arba Minch ranches, Ethiopia. In conclusion, the Arba Minch Crocodile Ranch (AMCR) should exercise care and caution when introducing hatchlings from the wild into the Ranch and enhance its husbandry methods to reduce the occurrence of infection and disease. It must also work with professionals and research groups. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All rights Reserved
MAJOR DISEASES OF NILE CROCODILE (Crocodylus niloticus) WITH FOCUS ON CURRENT STATUS IN ARBA MINCH CROCODILE RANCH, ETHIOPIA
MATERNAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN IN THE SERUM OF NEWBORN LAMBS AND ITS RELATION WITH NEONATAL MORTALITY (Text)
MATERNAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN IN THE SERUM OF NEWBORN LAMBS AND ITS RELATION WITH NEONATAL MORTALITY (Other)
OJAFR 10(3) 119-124, 2020-serum immunoglobulin of newborn lambs and neonatal mortality.pdf
HTML Summary of #66 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">MATERNAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN IN THE SERUM OF NEWBORN LAMBS AND ITS RELATION WITH NEONATAL MORTALITY</epc:when>
The study was conducted on 153 neonatal lambs of one of the highland breeds of sheep, locally called “Menz sheep” in North-Eastern part of Ethiopia, with the aim of assessing the relationship of total serum immunoglobulin level and neonatal lamb mortality in the first one month of life. The overall mortality in neonates was 8.5. Surviving lambs (2.43±0.35 kg) were significantly heavier than those that died during the neonatal period (2.21±0.55 kg). Males (2.45±0.31 kg) were significantly heavier than females (2.37±0.43 kg). The lambs that survived the neonatal period had a significantly higher level of immunoglobulin (31.71±12.88 Zinc Sulphate Turbidity units) than those that died (12.77±5.25 Zinc Sulphate Turbidity units). Neonatal lambs with total serum immunoglobulin levels below 12 Zinc Sulphate Turbidity units may be considered as an indication of failure of passive transfer of colostrum immunoglobulins and consequently increased the susceptibility of lambs to diseases and subsequent deaths. The neonatal lambs with lower average birth weight (2.21 kg) and lower average total serum immunoglobulin level (12.77 Zinc Sulphate Turbidity units) had found dead before the first 30 days of their age. Most deaths of lambs occur in the first few days of birth that are typically associated with lower birth weight which also led to weakness, taking longer time to stand up and reduced chance of survival than lambs of heavier weight. Hence, several works have to be done to further improving the birth weight of newborn lambs as well as the nutritional status of the dam so that lambs may receive sufficient and good quality amount of colostrum from the first few hours of birth. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All rights Reserved
MATERNAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN IN THE SERUM OF NEWBORN LAMBS AND ITS RELATION WITH NEONATAL MORTALITY
ASSESSMENT ON DEFECTS OF WET-BLUE HIDE AND PICKLED SKIN AT MODJO TANNERY (Text)
ASSESSMENT ON DEFECTS OF WET-BLUE HIDE AND PICKLED SKIN AT MODJO TANNERY (Other)
OJAFR 10(3) 85-92, 2020-defects of wet-blue hide and pickled skin.pdf
HTML Summary of #65 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">ASSESSMENT ON DEFECTS OF WET-BLUE HIDE AND PICKLED SKIN AT MODJO TANNERY</epc:when>
Across-sectional study was conducted from February to June 2015 with the objectives of identifying the major types of hide and skin defects and determining their prevalence in pickled skins of sheep and wet blue goat skins and hides originated from two districts namely Hitosa and Dodota of East Arsi Zone at the Colba and Gelan tanneries in Modjo town. A total of 389 wet blue cattle hides, 385 wet blue goat skin and 399 pickled sheep skin were examined. The study finding showed that there exist various defects responsible for the decline in quality of skin and hide. The major defects at the wet blue hide were flay cut (59.1), gouge mark (42.2), and putrefaction (35.2). In sheep pickled skin higher percentage of cockle (36.9), gouge mark (28.3) and scratch (27.0) were observed. In wet blue goat skin, cockle (48.1), veininess (44.6) and crack (41.9) were the major defects observed. The prevalence of cockle, veininess, scar, corduroying, crack, gouge mark, poor pattern and brand mark were significantly higher (P<0.05) in goat skin at wet blue stage than pickled sheep skin while putrefaction and shoat pox were significantly higher (P<0.05) in sheep skin compared to goat wet blue skin. The major defects that leads to rejection of wet blue hide were flay cut while cockle in sheep and goat skin. In pickled sheep skin, grade of 1-3 accounts 14 and grade 4-7 accounts 86 of the total observation. This study showed large proportion of skin and hides were subjected to rejection because of poor quality and this implies that integrated efforts towards improved livestock husbandry and better health care are vital issues for production of better-quality hide and skin. Furthermore, effective extension system and programs that could raise public awareness on ectoparasites and skin diseases control as well as on methods of flaying, preservation and handling of skins should be implemented. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved
ASSESSMENT ON DEFECTS OF WET-BLUE HIDE AND PICKLED SKIN AT MODJO TANNERY
EVALUATION OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ARGAN (Argania spinosa L.) OIL ACCORDING TO ITS EXTRACTION METHOD, ORIGIN OF PRODUCTION AND ALTITUDE (Text)
EVALUATION OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ARGAN (Argania spinosa L.) OIL ACCORDING TO ITS EXTRACTION METHOD, ORIGIN OF PRODUCTION AND ALTITUDE (Other)
OJAFR 10(3) 111-118, 2020-chemical composition of Argan (Argania spinosa L.) oil.pdf
HTML Summary of #67 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EVALUATION OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ARGAN (Argania spinosa L.) OIL ACCORDING TO ITS EXTRACTION METHOD, ORIGIN OF PRODUCTION AND ALTITUDE</epc:when>
In this study the chemical composition of Argan (Argania spinosa L.) oil was evaluated according to its mode of extraction, origin of production and altitude of the Argan tree. To carry out this work, the physico-chemical characteristics and chemical composition of 5 samples differing by their mode of extraction or coming from different regions was compared. The study of the physicochemical characteristics of the 5 samples showed that the roasting of the almonds of the Argan fruit as a parameter can increase the value of the peroxide index, decrease the percentage of α-tocopherol and the unsaponifiable rates in percentage. Also it found that geographic origin can influence fatty acid values (behenic acid, C22:0). The results of the specific extinction and the refractive index did not give any precise information on the origin, the altitude and the method of extraction of Argan oil. The study of the triglyceride fraction showed that the geographical origin of northeastern Morocco can increase the value of triglyceride. Present study has indicated that the high quality of Argan oil can be extracted by mechanical pressing and hence, the present results may support the commercialization of Argan oil. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research, All Rights Reserved
EVALUATION OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ARGAN (Argania spinosa L.) OIL ACCORDING TO ITS EXTRACTION METHOD, ORIGIN OF PRODUCTION AND ALTITUDE
EPIDEMIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE OF TRICHINELLOSIS (Text)
EPIDEMIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE OF TRICHINELLOSIS (Other)
OJAFR 10(3) 131-139, 2020-Epidemiology, diagnosis and public health importance of Trichinellosis.pdf
HTML Summary of #62 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">EPIDEMIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE OF TRICHINELLOSIS</epc:when>
Trichinellosis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by Trichinella following ingestion of raw or under cooked meat containing Trichinella larvae. Nematode worms of the genus Trichinella are one of the most prevalent zoonotic pathogens in the world. The parasite infects domestic and wild animals and has a worldwide distribution. The life cycle of the parasite consists of a domestic cycle in mainly pigs and a sylvatic cycle in a wider range of animals such as bears and wild boar. Humans become infected after eating raw or undercooked meat from domestic pigs, horses or game containing Trichinella larvae. There are twelve genotypes within the genus Trichinella, eight of which have been designated as species from which T.spiralis is the most pathogenic one. Host animals ingesting even high numbers of Trichinella larvae from infectious meat will not develop clinical symptoms. In humans, the clinical picture is usually illustrated by an intestinal stage within the first or second week after infection and later muscular stage with periorbital oedema, myalgia or muscle weakness as the major symptoms. The severity of the clinical course depends firstly on parasitic factors, such as the species implicated and the number of infective larvae ingested, and secondly on host factors, such as sex, age, and immune status. In practice, treatment with anthelmintics and immunosuppressive drugs is used only with human patients, not with animals. Trichinella infection in humans is strongly associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked meat; thus, cultural factors such as traditional dishes based on raw or undercooked meat or meat-derived products. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved
EPIDEMIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE OF TRICHINELLOSIS
COVID-19 and avian corona viruses: epidemiological comparison and genetic approach (Text)
COVID-19 and avian corona viruses: epidemiological comparison and genetic approach (Other)
HTML Summary of #552 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">COVID-19 and avian corona viruses: epidemiological comparison and genetic approach</epc:when>
Aim. This study aimed to collect and analyse available information on COVID-19 and avian corona viruses in order to conduct a systematic review of the genetic data concerning them. Methods. All available research was done according to the strictest data selection criteria, and the databases like NCBI genebank were quantitatively searched in the currently available scientific literature using keywords, analytical statistic and genomic software. All studies on the coronavirus family were dedicated to provide an overview towards an advanced statistical analysis of the collected data. The first step was a descriptive study of COVID-19 and avian corona viruses by an epidemiological comparison between the two cases. Results. All corona viruses usually tend to have relatively A-T rich DNAs which is linked to their highly A-T rich codon biases. The results indicate genetic differences between the two viruses, but the results of a percentage analysis showed that the nucleotides A+T are both more abundant and energetically cheaper than nucleotides G+C, this gives viruses a selection advantage. Conclusion. These results give us a future positive view of this type of virus with AT-rich genomes which is selectively promoted at the host level. Recommendation. A recommendation by our study reveals that thought about the vaccine is very early but prevention has proven to be effective for this virus in chickens.
COVID-19 and avian corona viruses: epidemiological comparison and genetic approach
RB Pathology
RC Internal medicine
Historical Water Conveyances to Aphrodisias and the Yeşilköy-Kayapinar Water Tunnel. (Text)
Historical Water Conveyances to Aphrodisias and the Yeşilköy-Kayapinar Water Tunnel. (Other)
HTML Summary of #982 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Historical Water Conveyances to Aphrodisias and the Yeşilköy-Kayapinar Water Tunnel.</epc:when>
Anatolia is considered as one of the foremost open-air museums of the world with regard to historical hydraulic works. The antique city Aphrodisias, near the settlement Geyre at the Karacasu District in the Aydın Province of Turkey, was supplied from two regions by long-distance water conveyance systems: (a) the 22 km long Yenidere (Timeles) water conveyance supplying the springwater near the village Güzelköy of the Tavas District in the Denizli Province, from the south-east (the conveyance from Sekiköy joined probably this system); (b) the 9 km long Işıklar water conveyance supplying the springwater near same-named village of the Karacasu District of the Aydın Province, from the north-west (the conveyance from Derindere springs joined probably this system). The Yenidere (Timeles) water conveyance is one of the rarely encountered historical example of water transfer between adjacent basins; and moreover, the length of the tunnel, of roughly 1% slope and 1m3/s capacity, digged with the ‘qanat’ system, is about 5 km from the entrance in the south-west of Yeşilköy and the outlet in the north-east of the village Kayapınar, and ranks among the longest ones of its kind in the antique world. This water conveyance system, especially the above mentioned tunnel section, which has a special place among the historical water works in Turkey, should be carefully investigated, duely repaired, and preserved for the future according to its international relevance.
Historical Water Conveyances to Aphrodisias and the Yeşilköy-Kayapinar Water Tunnel.
Molecular detection of Trypanosoma theileri and a new Trypanocidal drug, a review (Text)
Molecular detection of Trypanosoma theileri and a new Trypanocidal drug, a review (Other)
HTML Summary of #553 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Molecular detection of Trypanosoma theileri and a new Trypanocidal drug, a review</epc:when>
Introduction. Trypanosoma theileri (T.theileri) is apathogenic, cosmopolitan and commensal protozoa of cattle. Despite apathogenic in healthy, but not in stressed cattle; it’s getting recent attention as a tool to tackle pathogenic ones. These days, researchers are giving due attention to study the biology and feasibility of T.theilerito use it as a model candidate for novel drug discovery. In addition, in-silico analysis using common antitrypanosome drug targets couldn’t show significant similarity both at DNA and protein level. Nevertheless, homologous sequences have been identified among drug targets for Ornithine decarboxylase. This indicated the possibility to consider T.theileri as a model to search novel drugs once having whole genome sequences. The SDM 79 is an appropriate medium to cultivate at 26 oC, without CO2. Gradient PCR amplification has been used to detect using T. theileri. The specific primer (Tth625) which reveals 465 bp amplification product and also the full length 18S ribosomal DNA sequence of T.theileri DNA detectable at 730 base pairs are commonly used. Whole genome and transcriptome analysis can show the phylogenetic relationship between T.theileri and other pathogenic Trypanosomes which can be the basis for novel drugs development. Aim. The purpose of this paper is toreview the nature of Trypanosoma theileri, its molecular identification and also using its apathogenic nature as an opportunity to discover anew Trypanocidal drug.
Molecular detection of Trypanosoma theileri and a new Trypanocidal drug, a review
Comparison of Estimators of Probability Distributions for Selection of Best Fit for Estimation of Extreme Rainfall. (Text)
Comparison of Estimators of Probability Distributions for Selection of Best Fit for Estimation of Extreme Rainfall. (Other)
HTML Summary of #983 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Comparison of Estimators of Probability Distributions for Selection of Best Fit for Estimation of Extreme Rainfall.</epc:when>
Extreme Value Analysis (EVA) of rainfall is considered as one of the important aspects to arrive at a design value for planning, design and management of civil and hydraulic structures. This can be achieved by fitting Probability Distribution (PDs) to the series of observed annual 1-day maximum rainfall data wherein the parameters of PDs are determined by method of moments and L-Moments (LMO). In this paper, a study on comparison of Extreme Value Type-1 (EV1), Extreme Value Type-2, Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) and Generalized Pareto distributions adopted in EVA of rainfall for Anakapalli, Atchutapuram, Kasimkota and Parvada sites is carried out. The selection of best fit PD for EVA of rainfall is made through quantitative assessment by using Goodness-of-Fit (viz., Chi-square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and diagnostic (viz., root mean squared error) tests; and qualitative assessment by using the fitted curves of the estimated rainfall. On the basis of evaluation of EVA results through quantitative and qualitative assessments, the study indicates the extreme rainfall given by EV1 (LMO) distribution could be used for the purpose of economical design. The study also indicates the extreme rainfall obtained from GEV (LMO) distribution may be considered for the design of civil and hydraulic structure with little risk involvement.
Comparison of Estimators of Probability Distributions for Selection of Best Fit for Estimation of Extreme Rainfall.
PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF IMPROVED FEED TECHNOLOGIES TO ENHANCE SMALL RUMINANT FATTENING ON PASTORALIST RESEARCH GROUP (PRG) MEMBERS IN CHIFRA DISTRICT OF AFAR NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE (Text)
PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF IMPROVED FEED TECHNOLOGIES TO ENHANCE SMALL RUMINANT FATTENING ON PASTORALIST RESEARCH GROUP (PRG) MEMBERS IN CHIFRA DISTRICT OF AFAR NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE (Other)
OJAFR 10(3) 140-143, 2020-Enhance Small Ruminant Fattening on Pastoralist Group.pdf
HTML Summary of #63 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF IMPROVED FEED TECHNOLOGIES TO ENHANCE SMALL RUMINANT FATTENING ON PASTORALIST RESEARCH GROUP (PRG) MEMBERS IN CHIFRA DISTRICT OF AFAR NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE</epc:when>
The causes for low productivity of sheep and goat include poor veterinary services, inadequate quantity and quality of feed. Among these limiting factors, poor feed supply and feeding system is the most important. The objectives of this project were to demonstrate and evaluate Urea Molasses Multi-Nutrient Blocks (UMMNB) and concentrates mix feed technologies in participatory manner through Pastoralist Research Group (PRG) approach and look in to the perception and opinions of agro-pastoralist to the new feed and feeding techniques. The PRG has 25 members and was established a year ago. Among the PRG members, 6 trial agro- pastoralists were selected by the PRG members purposefully to implement the experiment. A total of 36 small ruminants (sheep and goat) were used for the trial. Training on UMMB preparation, formulation of concentrate feed, animal management and data collection were given for PRG members and Development Agents (DAs). The demonstration and evaluation trial were lasts for 4 months data collection period. Data were collected by the trial PRG agro-pastoralist throughout the trial period with close follow up of DAs and woreda experts. For data analysis purpose the researchers used descriptive statistics. The results showed that the final body weight and daily body weight gain was higher in grazing when supplemented with concentrates mix (Treatment 3) in compared to grazing + urea molasses block supplementation (T2) and control one/free grazing (T1). The partial budget analysis also indicated that small ruminant daily weight gain for 4 months with supplementation of concentrate mix supplemented groups (T3) was found to give on average economic return of 250 Ethiopian Birr (ETB) or 6.70 Euro per head. From this study, it can be concluded that the supplementation concentrate mix for small ruminants (sheep and goat) has better weight gain and economically feasible for the chifera district PRG established in 2017. It was also economical at PRG level, with average gross profit of 250 ETB per head in chifera area. Because of this, so money agro-pastoralists has been attracted by the business and engaged in small ruminant fattening practices by purchasing animals from market place without external advice and support. © 2020, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved
PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF IMPROVED FEED TECHNOLOGIES TO ENHANCE SMALL RUMINANT FATTENING ON PASTORALIST RESEARCH GROUP (PRG) MEMBERS IN CHIFRA DISTRICT OF AFAR NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE
Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of the Composite Connection of Steel Joist Embedded in Concrete Girder (Text)
Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of the Composite Connection of Steel Joist Embedded in Concrete Girder (Other)
HTML Summary of #985 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of the Composite Connection of Steel Joist Embedded in Concrete Girder</epc:when>
So far, numerous numerical studies have been conducted on the behaviour of Composite Reinforced Concrete-Steel (RCS) beam-to-column connections. However, the lack of studies regarding the steel joist-concrete girder connection has yet to be addressed through comprehensive finite element methods to get an understanding of the influential parameters. Hence, in this paper, composite connection of embedded steel joist in concrete girder is investigated with appropriate finite element software, namely, ABAQUS. The validity of the proposed model is examined by the comparison made with the test data presented in reference studies. Results indicate that maximum bending capacity of the connection is achieved when embedment ratio is 1.78. Moreover, double web angles in the embedment region significantly reduce the embedment length required to achieve the maximum bending capacity. Finally, damage analyses show that bending capacity of the concrete girder is slightly reduced in the connection zone.
Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of the Composite Connection of Steel Joist Embedded in Concrete Girder
Serological and molecular detection of chicken anemia virus in broiler and layer chickens in Iraq (Text)
Serological and molecular detection of chicken anemia virus in broiler and layer chickens in Iraq (Other)
HTML Summary of #99 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Serological and molecular detection of chicken anemia virus in broiler and layer chickens in Iraq</epc:when>
Chicken Anemia Virus (CAV) infects many bird species worldwide and causes immunosuppression. This condition can facilitate the infection of affected birds with other pathogens including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. No data were available on detection or isolation of CAV from birds in Iraq, therefore this study was designed to detect CAV antibodies in broilers and layers in some poultry farms. Accordingly, 200 samples were collected from broiler and layer farms (100 samples each) from different districts of Diyala province and subjected to the ELISA test. Also, 50 tissue samples from embryonated eggs from different hatcheries, four commercial viral vaccines, and 30 ELISA positive samples were subjected to PCR assay to detect the CAV DNA. The results showed that all of broiler and layer farms sampled were serologically positive for CAV antibodies. The overall seropositivity for CAV antibodies for both chicken breeds was 51.5%. In broilers, 43 out of 100 serum samples were positive for CAV antibodies, whereas 60 out of 100 serum samples from layers were CAV antibody-positive. According to age groups, significant differences were observed among one-week-old broilers (30.2%) compared to other age groups. In layers, the age group of 30 weeks showed a seropositivity rate of 33.3%. Conventional PCR test indicated that all tissue samples collected from suspected birds and embryonated eggs were negative for CAV DNA, but only 2 out of 30 serum samples were PCR positive. It is concluded that CAV is endemic in poultry farms of Iraq and may facilitate the vaccination failure against other viruses.
Serological and molecular detection of chicken anemia virus in broiler and layer chickens in Iraq
Comparison of weight, components and chemical composition of eggs in guinea fowl, Turkey, and domestic chicken (Text)
Comparison of weight, components and chemical composition of eggs in guinea fowl, Turkey, and domestic chicken (Other)
HTML Summary of #108 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Comparison of weight, components and chemical composition of eggs in guinea fowl, Turkey, and domestic chicken</epc:when>
The present study was carried out to compare the physicochemical characteristics of eggs of guinea fowl, turkeys and domestic chickens outdoor reared in traditional farms in Baghdad, Iraq. A total of 166 fresh eggs; 32 eggs from guinea fowls (Numida meleagris), 44 eggs from turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) and 90 eggs from domestic chickens; were collected. Egg weight, percentage of egg components, chemical composition (protein, lipids, and ash), and lipid profile were determined. Results revealed the significant differences in egg weight among studied birds. The average egg weights for guinea fowl, turkey, and indigenous chicken were 83.15 ± 0.72, 92.41 ± 0.78 and 61.28 ± 0.62 g, respectively. No significant differences were found in egg components and the chemical composition of the edible portions of the eggs among studied birds. However, the lipid profile of egg yolk indicated that egg cholesterol and LDL levels were significantly higher in guinea fowl and turkey compared with those in indigenous chickens, whereas native chicken has high values of HDL compared to guinea fowl and turkey. There were no significant differences in the triglyceride level in egg yolks among the studied fowls. In conclusion, although egg weight was significantly different among studied birds, eggs of guinea fowl, turkeys, and domestic chickens were similar in nutritional components.
Comparison of weight, components and chemical composition of eggs in guinea fowl, Turkey, and domestic chicken
The Comparison of Mindfulness Techniques Teaching Effects on Improving Teachers Occupational and Students Academic Performance (Text)
The Comparison of Mindfulness Techniques Teaching Effects on Improving Teachers Occupational and Students Academic Performance (Other)
HTML Summary of #1004 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Comparison of Mindfulness Techniques Teaching Effects on Improving Teachers Occupational and Students Academic Performance</epc:when>
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Mindfulness Training on teachers' job performance and academic performance of students. The present study was a pre-test and post-test design with control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students and teachers of Shahid Mahdavi's sophomore non-governmental elementary school in Kerman province in the academic year 1397-1398. Using random sampling method, 40 teachers from all bases and 40 students were randomly selected and the subjects of both groups were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (each group, 20 students and teachers). Subsequently, awareness sessions were conducted on them. After completing the training, they were re-tested. The tool used in this research was the teacher-occupation performance questionnaire (2010) and Pham and Tyler's (1999) academic performance questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software and covariance analysis. The results showed a significant improvement in the teachers' job performance scores and the academic performance of the students in the experimental group compared with the control group at the level of p <0.05). The present study showed that mindfulness education can help to improve the occupational and academic performance of teachers and students groups. From the tables and the results of the research hypotheses, it is concluded that Mindfulness training in occupational performance has not been affected by the function of task performance. Mindfulness education has been more influential on the underlying performance and further increased. Mindfulness education in academic performance exerts much emotional impact but it has not influenced planning. The impact on moderate motivation will slightly increase self-efficacy, but little impact on the lack of outcome control. And finally, the result of the covariance analysis revealed that teaching mindfulness techniques had been more effective on teachers’ occupational performance than students’ academic improvement.
The Comparison of Mindfulness Techniques Teaching Effects on Improving Teachers Occupational and Students Academic Performance
IN VITRO EFFICACY OF TYLOSIN AND ENROFLOXACIN IN TREATMENT OF BOVINE MASTITIS CAUSING BACTERIA IN OMDURMAN LOCALITY (Text)
IN VITRO EFFICACY OF TYLOSIN AND ENROFLOXACIN IN TREATMENT OF BOVINE MASTITIS CAUSING BACTERIA IN OMDURMAN LOCALITY (Other)
HTML Summary of #70 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">IN VITRO EFFICACY OF TYLOSIN AND ENROFLOXACIN IN TREATMENT OF BOVINE MASTITIS CAUSING BACTERIA IN OMDURMAN LOCALITY</epc:when>
Dairy industry has recently grown as a very important economic national source of income. In Sudan, many dairy owners introduced foreign blood. This might result in a progeny of mixed blood cows with lowered resistance to endogenous and locally prevailing diseases such as mastitis. In this study 60 milk samples were obtained from Frisian cows in Elrudoan and Elmouileh Convention in Omdurman, Khartoum State, Sudan. Samples positive for bacterial growth were identified using the gram stain and various conventional biochemical tests. Hundred species of bacteria were isolated from 60 samples of milk. A total of 70 (70) were gram positive, and 30 (30) were gram negative bacteria. Among the total of the gram positive isolates, 40 (57.1) were Staphylococcus spp., 18 (25.7) were Bacillus spp., 6 (8.6) Streptococcus spp., 4 (5.7) Corynebacterium spp., and 2 (2.9) were Actinomyces spp. and from gram negative isolates, 26 (86.7) were Enterobacter spp. and 4 (13.3) were E. coli. Antibiotic susceptibility tests to Tylosin and Enroflaxcin were performed for the isolated bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staph. epidermidis, Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter faecalis). The isolated bacteria were found to be highly sensitive to Tylosin and Enrofloxacin. © 2020. All rights reserved.
IN VITRO EFFICACY OF TYLOSIN AND ENROFLOXACIN IN TREATMENT OF BOVINE MASTITIS CAUSING BACTERIA IN OMDURMAN LOCALITY
Determination of the appropriate ratio of rice bran to Cassava leaf meal mixture as an inoculum of Rhizopus oligosporus in broiler chicken ration (Text)
Determination of the appropriate ratio of rice bran to Cassava leaf meal mixture as an inoculum of Rhizopus oligosporus in broiler chicken ration (Other)
HTML Summary of #117 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Determination of the appropriate ratio of rice bran to Cassava leaf meal mixture as an inoculum of Rhizopus oligosporus in broiler chicken ration</epc:when>
Rice bran (RB) was used as a medium for the fermentation process because it contained complete nutrients necessary for the growth of microbes. The ability to induce a fermentation substrate by microbes dependent on the availability of an inducer in the medium. The enzyme activity would increase when a suitable inducer was in the medium. In order to increase protease and cellulase activities of Rhizopus oligosporus in processing Cassava Leaf Meal (CLM), it was necessary to add CLM in medium producing an inoculum Rhizopus oligosporus. This study was conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were ratios of RB to CLM as follows: 100:0% (A), 90:10% (B), 80:20% (C), and 70:30% (D). The observed variables were protease activity, cellulase activity, dry matter content, organic matter content and the total colony of Rhizopus oligosporus numerically. The different ratios of RB to CLM significantly affected protease and cellulase activities as well as the content of dry matter and organic matter. The addition of 10% CLM to the RB medium increased protease and cellulase activities and reduced dry matter and organic matter contents. However, when more than 10% CLM was added, it reduced the protease and cellulase activities and increased dry matter and organic matter content. The highest total colony of Rhizopus oligosporus was numerically in treatment B (90:10% of RB to CLM ratio). The appropriate ratio of RB to CLM mixture as the inoculum of Rhizopus oligosporus, based on their enzyme activities, dry matter, and organic matter contents, and the total colony was 90:10% (treatment B).
Determination of the appropriate ratio of rice bran to Cassava leaf meal mixture as an inoculum of Rhizopus oligosporus in broiler chicken ration
Determination of potential candidate genes associated with milk lactose in Egyptian buffalo (Text)
Determination of potential candidate genes associated with milk lactose in Egyptian buffalo (Other)
WVJ 10(1) 35-42, March 25, 2020-Gene of Milk Lactose in Egyptian Buffalo.pdf
HTML Summary of #377 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Determination of potential candidate genes associated with milk lactose in Egyptian buffalo</epc:when>
The aim of the present genome-wide association study (GWAS) was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and candidate genes associated with lactose percentage (LP) and lactose yield (LY) in Egyptian buffalo. The phenotypic dataset included 60,318 monthly measures for LP and LY from 1481 animals. A total number of 114 animals with high and low deviated performance were selected for genotyping with Axiom Buffalo Genotyping 90K Array. Genome-wide analysis was performed using a single marker regression. The GWAS revealed 32 significant and seven suggestive SNPs for LP, however; only two suggestive SNPs were identified for LY. The identified genomic regions are overlapped with previously reported QTL in different cattle breeds. In addition, novel genomic loci were detected. The identified genomic regions harbored many candidate genes with biological roles associated with milk production traits, such as TPD52 and ZBTB10 on chromosome 15; AADAT and GALNTL6 on chromosome 3 and COL8A1 and PLOD2 on chromosome 1. Our findings provide the basis to uncover the key markers and candidate genes affecting lactose traits which facilitate the exploration of the genetic mechanisms that control lactose traits variation in Egyptian buffalo.
Determination of potential candidate genes associated with milk lactose in Egyptian buffalo
The effects of extraction methods of Mangifera indica and Azadirachta indica Bark on in vitro antimicrobial efficacy and performance of broiler chickens (Text)
The effects of extraction methods of Mangifera indica and Azadirachta indica Bark on in vitro antimicrobial efficacy and performance of broiler chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #126 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The effects of extraction methods of Mangifera indica and Azadirachta indica Bark on in vitro antimicrobial efficacy and performance of broiler chickens</epc:when>
This study investigated the in vitro efficacy of extracts of Mangifera indica and Azadirachta indica bark obtained by different extraction methods. Also, in an eight-week trial, the effect of these extracts on the performance of broiler chickens were evaluated. The barks were collected, air-dried and pulverized. The samples were extracted using maceration, infusion, and decoction methods. The extracts were screened for their activity against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus aureus. Two hundred and eighty-eight birds were divided into two groups (144 each) administered with A. indica or M. indica. Each group was subdivided into four subgroups, including control subgroup (no herb) and subgroups administered with bark extracted by one of the three extraction methods. The birds on herbal treatments were not given antibiotics. Results showed that the growth of E. coli was more inhibited by the various extracts irrespective of the methods of extraction. Weights were significantly influenced by the interaction between herb types and extraction methods at the starter phase. Infused herbs induced mortality at the finisher phase. In conclusion, S. aureus was more susceptible to the extracts compared to E. coli. However, decocted A. indica and M. indica bark, as well as macerated M. indica, showed antimicrobial potency against E. coli. It can be recommended that neem or mango bark extracted by maceration or decoction can be administered orally to broiler chickens especially at the starter phase, for improved performance and reduced mortality.
The effects of extraction methods of Mangifera indica and Azadirachta indica Bark on in vitro antimicrobial efficacy and performance of broiler chickens
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES OF CERVICAL INSEMINATION OVER NATURAL MATING ON PRODUCTION OF CROSSBRED LAMBS FOR EXPORT MARKET (Text)
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES OF CERVICAL INSEMINATION OVER NATURAL MATING ON PRODUCTION OF CROSSBRED LAMBS FOR EXPORT MARKET (Other)
HTML Summary of #71 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES OF CERVICAL INSEMINATION OVER NATURAL MATING ON PRODUCTION OF CROSSBRED LAMBS FOR EXPORT MARKET</epc:when>
A study was conducted at Debre Birhan agricultural research center to evaluate the success of artificial insemination (AI) following oestrous synchronization in Washera ewes. A total of 32 ewes were selected from this center. All experimental animals were synchronized using single injection of 1 ml Enzaprost® intramuscularly at unknown stage of estrous cycle. Then ewes were divided into Dorper and Awassi fresh semen cervical insemination. Fixed time cervical insemination was performed in estrous ewes 48–51 hrs following 1 ml Enzaprost® injection with 0.25 ml fresh diluted Dorper and Awassi semen. Out of 32 ewes synchronized, 22 (68.8) of ewes exhibited overt sign of oestrous within 48 hrs of hormone administration. Ewe’s body condition score (BSC) wasn’t found to be a significant factor determining oestrous response to hormone treatment. The overall pregnancy, lambing and fecundity rates for cervical insemination and natural mating were 63.64, 77.27, 121.43 and 57.46, 61.57, 107.14, respectively. There was no significant difference in pregnancy, lambing and fecundity rates among ewes mated with fresh semen cervical insemination and controlled ram mating (P<0.05). The pregnancy, lambing, and fecundity rates for Awassi and Dorper semen were 58.3, 75.0, 128.57 and 70.0, 80.0, 114.29, respectively. No significance differences were observed in pregnancy, lambing and fecundity rates among the genotypes (P<0.05). The current work strongly indicated that artificial insemination following oestrous synchronization has a tremendous impact on terminal crossing, that allows us to import fewer exotic genotypes and producing large number of crossbreed lambs from imported breed with in few years. © 2020. All rights reserved.
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES OF CERVICAL INSEMINATION OVER NATURAL MATING ON PRODUCTION OF CROSSBRED LAMBS FOR EXPORT MARKET
Effects of cordyceps militaris polysaccharide on egg production, egg quality and caecal microbiota of layer hens (Text)
Effects of cordyceps militaris polysaccharide on egg production, egg quality and caecal microbiota of layer hens (Other)
HTML Summary of #150 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of cordyceps militaris polysaccharide on egg production, egg quality and caecal microbiota of layer hens</epc:when>
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of the diet supplementation of laying hens with Cordyceps Militaris Polysaccharide (CMP) on egg production and quality, and also caecal microbiota. A total of 360 Hy-Line Brown laying hens with 72-week-old were divided into three groups with four replicates of 30 birds each. The laying hens were fed with basal diet (control group), basal diet +100 mg CMP/kg (group 1) and basal diet + 200 mg CMP/kg (group 2). The experiment lasted 45 days. Eggs were collected daily and caecal samples were collected at the end of the experiment. Results showed that dietary supplementation with CMP did not affect albumen height, shape index, Haugh units, eggshell breaking strength and eggshell thickness. The laying rate significantly increased and the feed-egg ratio decreased in groups 1 and 2, the average daily egg weight significantly increased in group 2 compared with those in the control group. However, insignificant differences were found in broken egg rate and mortality among the three groups. The differences in caecal microbiota between group one and the control group were significant. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria at the phylum level, Christensenellaceae and Veillonellaceae at the family level, and the no rank_ Ruminococcaceae, Phascolarctobacterium and no rank Christensenellaceae at the genus level changed significantly in group one compared with those in the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 100 and 200 mg CMP/kg could improve product performance and affect the caecal microbial community structure of laying hens during the late laying period.
Effects of cordyceps militaris polysaccharide on egg production, egg quality and caecal microbiota of layer hens
Comparative analysis of the videothoracoscopic interventions results (Text)
Comparative analysis of the videothoracoscopic interventions results (Other)
JLSB 10(2) 10-16, 2020-the videothoracoscopic interventions results.pdf
HTML Summary of #6 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Comparative analysis of the videothoracoscopic interventions results</epc:when>
Aim. This study was done to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method of thoracoscopic hemostasis and aerostasis. Methods. The study included 85 patients operated for bullous lung disease, closed chest injury and penetrating chest wounds in the Lung and Mediastinum surgery department of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Surgery named after Academician V.Vakhidov for the period from 2015 to 2019. Total of 33 patients made up the main group: thoracoscopy using the proposed technique and 52 patients for the comparison group: thoracoscopic aerostasis was performed using known methods. In 21 (40.4%) cases of comparison group, we performed video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) excision and suturing with pleurodesis; in 14 (26.9%) cases – VATS with stitching of a lung wound. VATS excision and flashing of bullae of the lung using a stapler was performed in 19.2% (10 of 52) cases of the comparison group and 24.2% in the main group, where all VATS were supplemented with Geprotsel gel application. Results. Using the Geprotsel in VATS interventions allowed to reduce the necessity of lung tissue stitching from 67.7% to 27.3%, respectively, to limit excision in 36.4% of patients, to achieve complete tightness after hardware stitching (χ2 - 17.304; Df=3; p<0.001), which generally leveled the risk of postoperative pneumonia and impaired hemostasis. Recommendation. We suggest that applying Geprotsel gel during VATS for lung tissue damages allows to reduce the application of additional sutures, improve the efficiency of minimally invasive operations with a decrease in the frequency of postoperative disorders of aero- and hemostasis.
Comparative analysis of the videothoracoscopic interventions results
The Potency of oral administration of L-citrulline as anti heat stress agent in KUB chicks (Text)
The Potency of oral administration of L-citrulline as anti heat stress agent in KUB chicks (Other)
HTML Summary of #188 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Potency of oral administration of L-citrulline as anti heat stress agent in KUB chicks</epc:when>
L-citrulline (L-Cit) is considered one of the potential amino acids that are able to reduce body temperature in layer chicks. However, there are no reports on functions of L-Cit in KUB chicks. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral administration of L-Cit on feed intake, body temperature and plasma biochemical parameters of KUB chicks over two hours post-administration. Neonatal KUB chicks were orally administered with different doses of L-Cit (0, 3.75, 7.5 and 15 mmol/kg body weight). At 30, 60 and 120 min, feed intake was determined, also rectal temperature of chicks was measured by using a digital thermometer. At 120 min after administration, the blood samples were immediately collected through the jugular vein, then biochemical parameters of plasma (total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and total glucose) were analyzed. The obtained results indicated that feed intake, body temperature, and plasma metabolites were not significantly influenced by different doses of L-Cit. In conclusion, L-Cit could not able to improve feed intake, decrease body temperature and change plasma metabolites in KUB chicks.
The Potency of oral administration of L-citrulline as anti heat stress agent in KUB chicks
Influence of adding fermented whey cheese into drinking water of laying hens (Text)
Influence of adding fermented whey cheese into drinking water of laying hens (Other)
HTML Summary of #216 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Influence of adding fermented whey cheese into drinking water of laying hens</epc:when>
Cheese production waste contains carbon source, one of which is lactose as an energy source in the development of fermentation, especially in the manufacture of probiotics for poultry. The research method used 3% fermented cheese whey in 17-week-old laying hen drinking water to analyze the productivity of laying hens and microbiology. The purpose of the research is to determine the effective concentration of fermented whey cheese to improve productivity, physical and chemical composition of eggs, and evaluate fat metabolism in laying hens. The present study used 120 laying hens aged 17 weeks. The experimental method was designed using the T-test method of control (P0), fermented whey cheese (P1). The observed variables were productivity (feed consumption, water consumption, daily egg production, feed conversion ration), and microbiology of small intestine and excreta (lactate acid bacteria, salmonella, Escherichia coli.). The effect of adding fermented whey cheese into drinking water decreased feed consumption and FCR in contrast to the control group (P0) but increased egg production, egg weight, and egg mass weight. The effect of adding fermented whey cheese into drinking water decreased the number of, Escherichia coli bacteria and increases lactic acid bacteria in the digestive tract of broiler chickens, especially in the ileum, caeca, so also with those in the stool. The number of Salmonella Bacteria was significantly decreased and very significantly increased lactic acid bacteria in the feces during the fermentation of whey cheese. The decrease in ammonia in the stool was very significant compared to the control group. In conclusion, adding fermented whey cheese into drinking water can reduce feed consumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR), Escherichia coli, salmonella, ammonia (NH3), and increase egg production, egg weight, egg mass weight, final body weight, and lactate acid bacteria. The use of fermented whey cheese can be used as a nutraceutical feed additive to inhibit pathogenic bacteria in the intestine and increase lactic acid bacteria.
Influence of adding fermented whey cheese into drinking water of laying hens
Comparative proteomic analysis of chicken primary hepatocytes with folic acid free or supplementation culture mediums (Text)
Comparative proteomic analysis of chicken primary hepatocytes with folic acid free or supplementation culture mediums (Other)
HTML Summary of #240 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Comparative proteomic analysis of chicken primary hepatocytes with folic acid free or supplementation culture mediums</epc:when>
Folic acid had been reported to develop much metabolic regulation function in animals and human beings due to its roles in one carbon metabolism. The current study was conducted to explore folic acid regulation function in primary chicken hepatocytes via supplement and deprivation culture models based on proteomic analysis. Results have shown that folic acid supplement significantly increased intracellular folic acid, 5-Me-THF and SAM contents when compared with folic acid free group (P < 0.05). Whereas, there was no difference about genome 5mC levels and DNMTs mRNA expression between these two groups. Proteomic analysis found 85 differential expressed proteins with 35 down and 50 up regulation. COG and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant function were affected by folic acid. Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones and transcription were gathered by COG analysis in relative high proportion. PRMT7 and ARID4B which were associated with histone methylation were up-regulated in the folic acid supplement group, suggesting that folic acid was likely to take part in metabolism regulation of hepatocytes via histone methylation manner in the study. In conclusion, proteomic analysis found 85 differential expressed proteins in hepatocytes with folic acid free and supplementation medium. Folic acid might be involved in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism and oxidation resistance by its epigenetic modifications functions. Our study also provided fundamental differential protein profiles mediated by folic acid, which can facilitate the understanding of folic acid regulation function in hepatic metabolism.
Comparative proteomic analysis of chicken primary hepatocytes with folic acid free or supplementation culture mediums
Effect of nutritional supplements of fermented and unfermented betel nutshell waste in performance of broiler chickens (Text)
Effect of nutritional supplements of fermented and unfermented betel nutshell waste in performance of broiler chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #243 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of nutritional supplements of fermented and unfermented betel nutshell waste in performance of broiler chickens</epc:when>
An experiment was conducted to see the broiler’s performance fed with fermented and unfermented betel nutshell. Harvesting betel nut seed leaved peel as a waste that contains some nutrients and active ingredients. This waste was useful for poultry feed, to maintain poultry performance and to reduce cholesterol. The aim of this research was to fermented betel nutshell waste with indigenous microorganism from a vegetable waste mixture that produced cellulase to reduce their crude fiber before feeding to the broiler. The nutrient profile and metabolizable energy of fermented betel nutshell in dry matter basis showed 15.96 % water, 84.04 % dry matter, 23.69 % crude fiber, 10.39 % crude protein, 0.31 % crude fat, 2.60% calcium, 1.26 % phosphorus, and 1360,44 kcal/kg. In this experiment betel nutshell waste from a local farmer in Indonesia, and 80 birds from the broiler strain CP 707 from Charoen Pockphand were used. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with different levels of fermented betel nutshell waste (0, 2, 4, and 6%) and 6 % of unfermented of betel nutshell waste in the broiler ration. Each treatment was repeated four times. The measured values included daily feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion, body weight, carcass content, abdominal fat pads, lipoprotein profile (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in serum of broiler chikens. The results indicated that fermented betel nutshell waste significantly increased daily feed intake, daily body weight gain, carcass content, and decreased abdominal fat pad, total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL of broiler chickens, however did not affect the feed conversion. The fermentation of betel nutshell waste with indigenous microorganism from vegetable waste mixture could be used up to 6 % in the broiler ration and had a positive effect on performance, blood serum lipoprotein, and carcass quality of broiler chickens.
Effect of nutritional supplements of fermented and unfermented betel nutshell waste in performance of broiler chickens
Performance and egg quality of laying hens fed with boiled tomato waste powder (Text)
Performance and egg quality of laying hens fed with boiled tomato waste powder (Other)
HTML Summary of #245 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Performance and egg quality of laying hens fed with boiled tomato waste powder</epc:when>
This study was performed to evaluate the effect of inclusion of boiled tomato waste powder in laying hens diet on growth performances and egg quality. Tomato waste used in this experiment was surplus and unsold mature tomato from the last harvest on the field. The tomato waste was boiled in boiling water (100 ºC) for 8 minutes to convert their lycopene structure from trans to cis, which is easily absorbed by the poultry digestive tract. In a completely randomized design, 200 Isa Brown laying hens were divided into five groups with different inclusion levels of boiled tomato waste powder (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12%) in an iso-nitrogenous (16%) and iso-caloric (2600 kcal/kg) diet. Daily feed intake, hen day egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, eggshell thickness, and eggshell strength were measured. The obtained results showed that boiled tomato waste powder in the diet did not significantly affect daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg production and egg quality. In conclusion, the tomato boiled powder could be used up to 12% in laying hens diet with no effect on performance and egg quality of laying hens.
Performance and egg quality of laying hens fed with boiled tomato waste powder
Alignment of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with other coronaviruses (Text)
Alignment of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with other coronaviruses (Other)
JLSB 10(2) 17-20, 2020-Alignment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).pdf
HTML Summary of #551 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Alignment of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with other coronaviruses</epc:when>
Introduction. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently declared as pandemic according to WHO. It was initially detected in China and then rapidly transmitted to most world territories. The SARS-CoV-2 has an ambiguous origin, with unique properties, pathogenesis and transmission rate, thus making its prevention and control a difficult task. Aim. In the present study, we investigated the origin hypotheses through conducting multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis for surface glycoprotein and complete genome of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with other coronaviruses of different species. All the data used in this study were obtained from NCBI online database and analyzed using Blast tool. The alignment and phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 surface glycoprotein in comparison with spike glycoprotein of Bat coronavirus RaTG13, Pangolin coronavirus, Bat SARS-like coronavirus, SARS-CoV, BCoV, IBV, ECoV, MHV-JHM, MERS-CoV, CCoV, HCoV-229E and FCOV indicated close identical matching to spike protein for Bat coronavirus RaTG13 and Pangolin coronavirus isolate MP789. The similarity was 97.41% and 96.67%, respectively. Also, multiple alignments of complete genome for SARS-CoV-2 and Bat coronavirus RaTG13 showed a significant similarity of 96.11%. Recommendation. Therefore, these relevant results strongly recommend the origin hypothesis of SARS-CoV-2 from Bat coronavirus RaTG13. The nature of evolution is considered to be natural selection.
Alignment of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with other coronaviruses
Characterization of renal inflammatory cytokines and related nephropathy in experimentally infected broiler chickens with velogenic Newcastle disease virus (Text)
Characterization of renal inflammatory cytokines and related nephropathy in experimentally infected broiler chickens with velogenic Newcastle disease virus (Other)
HTML Summary of #261 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Characterization of renal inflammatory cytokines and related nephropathy in experimentally infected broiler chickens with velogenic Newcastle disease virus</epc:when>
Velogenic Newcastle disease virus (VNDV) shows systemic dissemination and it affects the histological structure and function of the kidneys. Present study is an novel attempt to correlate the changes in renal biochemical functions and gene expression of different inflammatory cytokines with related renal pathology induced by VNDV in experimentally infected broilers in different ages. One hundred broiler chickens were divided into 4 groups: group 1 served as control (non-infected group), and groups 2, 3 and 4 were inoculated with 106 EID50 of NDV on the 10th, 20th and 30th days of age, respectively. Serum samples were collected to evaluate uric acid and creatinine levels. Kidney specimens were collected for virus detection using real time RT-PCR, evaluation of gene expression of IL-6 and IFN-γ as well as histopathological, histochemical and immunohictochemical analysis. The highest concentration of uric acid and creatinine profile were found in Group 4 (12.06 ± 1.25 and 2.16 ± 0.12, respectively) on 7 dpi. IL-6 and IFN-γ were significantly elevated at the 7th dpi in Group 4 compared to other infected groups. The renal histopathological lesions included tubulointerstitial nephritis and glomerulopathy with expression of virus antigen in different areas of renal tissue. histopathology was the hallmark of VNDV infection in broiler chickens; their severity was related to the increased expression of inflammatory cytokines genes (IL-6 and IFN-γ) and virus antigen residence in renal tissue.
Characterization of renal inflammatory cytokines and related nephropathy in experimentally infected broiler chickens with velogenic Newcastle disease virus
A novel mutation in the promoter region of avian uncoupling protein3 associated with feed efficiency and body composition traits in broiler chicken (Text)
A novel mutation in the promoter region of avian uncoupling protein3 associated with feed efficiency and body composition traits in broiler chicken (Other)
HTML Summary of #273 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A novel mutation in the promoter region of avian uncoupling protein3 associated with feed efficiency and body composition traits in broiler chicken</epc:when>
The Avian Uncoupling Protein (avUCP) belongs to the mitochondrial anion transporter family. It has a pivotal homeostatic mechanism that associated with energy regulation and lipid metabolism. The avUCP considered as a candidate gene for chicken growth-related traits according to its predominant expression is in skeletal muscle. To address genetic distance pattern of UCP3 between mammalian and avian species, sequence similarity analysis using the protein alignment of UCP3 identified the high amino acid identity between the species and complementarily detected two protein conserved regions which are known as the ADP/ATP transporter translocase and the Mitochondria-carrier. Likewise, for mutation detection, samples were genotyped, afterward PCR-SSCP method implemented. In addition, association analysis was performed for investigating single nucleotide polymorphism within the UCP3 gene relating to the given economic traits. A detected polymorphic site, on the promoter region of UCP3 (-40 T/A substitution), has displayed significant influences on the Feed Conversion Rate (FCR), Residual Feed Intake (RFI), Average Daily Gain (ADG), and Carcass Weight (CW%). In the case that, birds with genotype AA had better FCR, ADG, RFI as compared to the genotype BB and birds with genotype AA revealed a higher CW% as compared to the genotype BB. According to the obtained results from the in-silico survey, Myoblast determination protein (MyoD) was predicted as a best-matched transcription factor with a consensus sequence harboring the -40 T/A -novel SNP- in the promoter region of UCP3, where might be responsible for phenotypic variation between two genotypes. In conclusion, the result suggests important roles for UCP3 polymorphism in feed efficiency and growth traits which is better to be used in broiler chicken breeding programs.
A novel mutation in the promoter region of avian uncoupling protein3 associated with feed efficiency and body composition traits in broiler chicken
Response of laying quail to a diet enriched with cocoa pods fermented by Pleurotus ostreatus (Text)
Response of laying quail to a diet enriched with cocoa pods fermented by Pleurotus ostreatus (Other)
HTML Summary of #277 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Response of laying quail to a diet enriched with cocoa pods fermented by Pleurotus ostreatus</epc:when>
Improving the quality of cocoa pods through fermentation with Pleurotus ostreatus reduced its crude fiber content, especially for lignin and cellulose. Fermentation of cocoa pods product increased their utilization in poultry diet. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding cocoa pods waste fermented by Pleurotus ostreatus on the laying performance and egg quality of quail. This experiment employed completely randomized design with five dietary treatments: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% cocoa pods fermented by Pleurotus ostreatus in the diets and four replications. 200 laying quail (7 weeks of age) were randomly allocated into 5 treatments (10 birds per treatment) and 4 replications. Diets included iso nitrogen 20% and iso metabolism energy 2800 kcal/kg. The results of the experiment indicated that feed intake, hen-day egg production, egg weight, egg mass production, and feed conversion were not affected but egg cholesterol was affected by increasing cocoa pods fermented products in the diet. In this experiment, a diet which utilized 15% cocoa pods fermented using Pleurotus ostreatus maintained the laying performance of quail and reduced egg yolk cholesterol (20.30%).
Response of laying quail to a diet enriched with cocoa pods fermented by Pleurotus ostreatus
Effect of supplementation of Yucca schidigera extract on ammonia gas emission and performance of broiler chickens (Text)
Effect of supplementation of Yucca schidigera extract on ammonia gas emission and performance of broiler chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #287 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of supplementation of Yucca schidigera extract on ammonia gas emission and performance of broiler chickens</epc:when>
The current study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of Yucca extract (YE) on ammonia gas emission from litter, evaluate the production performance, carcass characteristics and economic utility in broiler rearing. A trial of 240 day-old commercial broiler chicks was carried out on littered floor for a period of 28 days. The birds were allocated randomly to 3 treatments and a control group with three replications (20 birds/ replication). Feeding management and rearing condition were same for all the groups, as per standard. YE was mixed with drinking water as treatment as follows: 1ml YE per 16 liters of drinking water (T1), 1ml YE per 20 liters of drinking water (T2), 1ml YE per 24 liters of drinking water (T3) and no YE in drinking water i.e control group (T0). Ammonia level of Yucca treated groups were significantly (Pth week of rearing period than control group. A significant difference (P2 group was better than other groups. This study concluded that application of YE (1ml/ 20 liters of drinking water) has an important role to reduce ammonia gas emission from broiler litter and increase the birds performance.
Effect of supplementation of Yucca schidigera extract on ammonia gas emission and performance of broiler chickens
Design of creativity matrix based on importance - performance model in government executive agencies (Text)
Design of creativity matrix based on importance - performance model in government executive agencies (Other)
JEMS 10(1) 01-07, 2020 creativity matrix.pdf
HTML Summary of #1003 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Design of creativity matrix based on importance - performance model in government executive agencies</epc:when>
The real war of the future countries is not based on energy or markets, but on human capital. Therefore, the need for countries to develop the talents and abilities of knowledge, expertise, skills, and most importantly, the ability of creative thinking. The purpose of this study is to foster creativity by using the Creativity Matrix to fulfill organizational mission. This study designed a matrix consisting of a questionnaire that was identified by barriers and creativity experts and then evaluated their reliability / validity. In the second step, the creativity strategies questionnaire was completed using expert opinion and using the best-worst-case-importance method. And the position of each in the importance-performance matrix was identified. By analyzing the data, after determining the importance-performance of each strategy in terms of creativity matrix, design in two ways in each organization: a. Designing a separate matrix: An importance-based matrix and a performance-based matrix. B: Matrix Design Integrated, after identifying the importance-function of each strategy, a three-dimensional matrix is designed, one in which the importance-performance diagram, one in architecture creativity, and the third in creativity in the process. Organizations vary in terms of applying creativity in architecture and process. Hence, in order to use them optimally, the type of organization and the importance-performance value of each creativity strategy must be identified.
Design of creativity matrix based on importance - performance model in government executive agencies
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of full-length S1 gene of GI-16 and GI-23 infectious bronchitis virus in Qena, Egypt (Text)
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of full-length S1 gene of GI-16 and GI-23 infectious bronchitis virus in Qena, Egypt (Other)
HTML Summary of #303 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of full-length S1 gene of GI-16 and GI-23 infectious bronchitis virus in Qena, Egypt</epc:when>
Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) is a highly evolving virus that affects respiratory, urinary and reproductive systems. This virus is recognized as an important pathogen due to the continuous genesis of new variants that threaten the poultry industry worldwide. The aim of this study was to characterize emerging IBV variants originated from field outbreaks in Qena province, Egypt, and to study their genetic relationships with global strains. From September 2017 to January 2019, 52 field samples were collected from broiler flocks suspected of being infected with IBV. The collected samples were inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs via allantoic route for virus isolation. The IBV presence was confirmed using real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR) assay targeting nucleocapsid (N) gene and finally, nine samples were selected from 29 positive samples with rRT-PCR for further genetic characterization through full-length spike (S1) gene sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that one isolate (IBV/CK/EG/QENA-4/2017) clustered within genotype I lineage 16 (GI-16). On the other hand, the remaining eight isolates (2017-2018) belonged to genotype I lineage 23 (GI-23) and clustered separately in monophyletic clade. The isolates in this study were found to share only 74.6-82.1% amino acid identity with the commonly used vaccine strains in Egypt. In conclusion, ﬁndings of this study provide informative data on circulating IBVs in the study area and highlight the importance of adopting a convenient vaccination strategy that can be more efficient for controlling the emergence of new IBV variants.
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of full-length S1 gene of GI-16 and GI-23 infectious bronchitis virus in Qena, Egypt
The role of glycogen in biological cycle of Trichinella spiralis (Text)
The role of glycogen in biological cycle of Trichinella spiralis (Other)
WVJ 10(1) 30-34, March 25, 2020-Glycogen in Trichinella spiralis.pdf
HTML Summary of #321 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The role of glycogen in biological cycle of Trichinella spiralis</epc:when>
The energy sources of Trichinella spiralis change in both the muscular and intestinal stages of its life in the host organism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quantitative changes in glycogen concentration during the life cycle of T. spiralis in a host organism. Trichinella spiralis was passaged on laboratory rodents under the vivarium conditions. Sixty-nine white rats (350 g each) were infected with T. spiralis at a dose of 5 muscle larvae/gram of body weight. The animals were euthanized at different time periods from the start of the experiment. Trichinella muscle larvae were isolated by artificial fermenting meat mince in gastric juice. To determine the viability of Trichinella larvae, they were heated to 38 ± 2 ° C for 10 minutes their motor activity was investigated. (38 ± 2 °C). To determine the invasive properties of T. spiralis at different stages of its development in rats, the muscular larvae isolated from the rat muscles were used to infect laboratory mice. The invasive capacity of T. spiralis was assessed on day 45 post-infection. For the study of intestinal Trichinella larvae, laboratory rats were not fed a day before infection. Adult nematodes were isolated from the small intestine of laboratory rats at 3, 6 and 24 hours post-infection. The nematodes were counted in the Migacheva-Kotelnikov chamber in each individual sample. The concentration of glycogen in the nematodes was calculated according to the quantitative method for determining glycogen in Trichinella larvae. Low glycogen levels in the muscle larvae were observed on day 14 post-infection. The glycogen concentration in muscular larva was 0.0054 ± 0.0027 μg/ larva on day 21, 0.0136 ± 0.0024 μg/ larva on day 28, and 0.0771 ± 0.0025 μg/ larva on day 45 after the rats were infected. Maximum concentration of glycogen was recorded 4 months post-infection (0.0930 ± 0.0029 μg/larva). Further, the glycogen level began to decrease slowly. In the 20th month post-infection, after infection, the amount of glycogen in a Trichinella larva was 0.0786 ± 0.0023 μg. In the body of intestinal nematodes, 3 hours after infecting the animals, the glycogen concentration was reduced to 0.0472 ± 0.0003 μg in one nematode. The same time period later, it reached to value of 0.0272 ± 0.0002 μg. In intestinal T. spiralis, which remained in the small intestine of rats for 24 hours, the glycogen was not detected. The amount of glycogen at the muscle stage of T. spiralis development was extremely important in the first hours of the helminth’s residing in the host's intestines. Energy requirements during the period when the helminth cannot obtain enough food depend on the glycogen content. When the glycogen concentration in the parasite is insufficient, the Trichinella larvae will lose their invasion capacity.
The role of glycogen in biological cycle of Trichinella spiralis
Various Methods for Determining Cracks in the Infrastructure, a Review. (Text)
Various Methods for Determining Cracks in the Infrastructure, a Review. (Other)
HTML Summary of #984 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Various Methods for Determining Cracks in the Infrastructure, a Review.</epc:when>
The paper aimed to present the different ways of determining the cracks. Cracks are the lines on the surface of something along which it has split without breaking apart. There are many ways we can determine like with the help of strain gauge, DMI technology, etc. In this review, an effort has been made to find out the various methods by which we can find the cause and location of the cracks. In this review, various methods, technologies, sensors’ articles are reviewed and on the basis of that study has been done. This study has been done. This study helps the civil engineers and researchers to find out the location and cause of cracks.
Various Methods for Determining Cracks in the Infrastructure, a Review.
HEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL PROFILES OF SHEEP INFECTED WITH FASCIOLOSIS IN COMPARISON WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS (Text)
HEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL PROFILES OF SHEEP INFECTED WITH FASCIOLOSIS IN COMPARISON WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS (Other)
HTML Summary of #69 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">HEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL PROFILES OF SHEEP INFECTED WITH FASCIOLOSIS IN COMPARISON WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS</epc:when>
Fasciolosis can cause considerable change in hematological parameters and liver driven serum enzymes. Hence, the aim of this research is to assess the hematological and biochemical changes in sheep infected with Fasciolosis in comparison with healthy controls. A total of 52 local breed (26 form naturally infected and 26 from healthy control group) matched with sex and age were enrolled in the study. Five ml blood using EDTA vacutainer tube for hematology and another 5 ml blood by serum separating tubes for serum biochemical profiles were taken and analyzed using Sysmex automated hematological analyzer and Vegasys chemistry analyzer respectively. The hematological analysis indicated there were significant mean reductions (P<0.001) in tRBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH); Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in case group (5.62±1.15, 8.92±1.66, 20.12±5.78, 26.05±4.16, 9.444±2.00 and 29.72±2.55) than control group (10.27±1.36, 12.68±1.66, 38.9±6.05, 40.50±3.35, 13.100±1.35 and 34.327±3.06) respectively. On the contrary the mean value of tWBC and eosinophil were significantly higher in the infected group (11.27±2.7 and 7.19±2.81) than the flock free of Fasciolosis (7.12±2.61 and 2.82±1.07) respectively. Regarding biochemical parameters, the significant mean elevation (P<0.001) in serum ALT (125.92±20.71) and AST (34.73±11.97) in the infected sheep were observed than ALT (77.04±13.96) and AST (23.69±7.37) of the control groups. Whereas, the serum total protein and glucose level (5.17±1.05 and 21.15±11.08) in Fasciola infected sheep were significantly lower (P<0.001) than healthy control (7.33±1.06 and 32.62±9.48, respectively). The alteration in hemato-biochemical profile suggested a great impact of Fasciolosis on liver physiology leading to loss of production and productivity in sheep industry. © 2020. All rights reserved.
HEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL PROFILES OF SHEEP INFECTED WITH FASCIOLOSIS IN COMPARISON WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS
Rapid detection and differentiation between sheep pox and goat pox viruses by real-time qPCR and conventional PCR in sheep and goat in Egypt (Text)
Rapid detection and differentiation between sheep pox and goat pox viruses by real-time qPCR and conventional PCR in sheep and goat in Egypt (Other)
WVJ 10(1) 80-87, March 25, 2020 Sheep Pox and Goat Pox Viruses.pdf
HTML Summary of #546 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Rapid detection and differentiation between sheep pox and goat pox viruses by real-time qPCR and conventional PCR in sheep and goat in Egypt</epc:when>
Capri Pox Virus (Ca PV) is the causative agent of important diseases in sheep and goat with severe socio-economic impact. Sheep Poxvirus (SPPV), Goat Poxvirus (GTPV) and Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) are three members of the Capripox virus genus of Poxviridae family, which infect sheep, goats, and cattle, respectively. A rapid diagnostic assay for Ca PV by using conventional PCR RNA polymerase gene RP030 and real-time qPCR would be useful for disease surveillance, detection and differentiation of Ca PV in clinical and subclinical samples for management and treatments of outbreaks. The present study aimed to detect and identify Ca PV (SPPV and GTPV) in natural, infected scabs biopsy samples, which were collected from sheep and goats in different governorates in 2017 during outbreaks in Egypt using the conventional PCR RNA polymerase gene RP030 gene based and Real-Time qPCR fluorescent based. We collected eighty scabs from clinically affected animals (54 sheep and 26 goat) that were vaccinated in Chorio-Allantoic-Membranes (CAM) from 10-days-old embryonated-chicken eggs. The positive CAM showed pock lesions, which were observed with a thickening of the membrane after 2-3 passages post samples inoculation, and harvested positive CAMs, which were determined by Agar Gel Precipitation Test (AGPT) , Counter Immune Electrophoresis (CIE), and conventional PCR and real time qPCR were examined for the presences of Ca PVs. DNA extraction from clinical samples and positive CAM with pox lesions using DNA slandered references extraction kits compared to novel modification method (Microwave extraction). The PCR based RPO30 gene and the real-time qPCR showed 15 positive with percentage 27.77% in 54 sheep and 3 positive with percentage 12.5% in 26 goats. Although, AGPT and CIE gave lower result than molecular methods, they gave 11 and 13 positive samples from 54 sheep and in goats were 1 and 2 from 26 scab biopsy samples respectively, however they are useful for early confirmation of positive Ca PVs in low-income countries. PCR based RNA polymerase gene RP030 gene and real-time-PCR considered sensitive, rapid, and reliable methods for differentiating SPPV and GTPV from AGPT and CIE in CAM or in clinical samples without further isolation and propagation in embryonated-chicken eggs. The novel microwave method used to isolate high quality of DNA extracted from infected skin biopsy with SPPV and GPPV with no further purification steps required. It was done in 3 minutes only. The results of the current study confirmed that the suitability of the PCR-based RNA polymerase gene RP030 gene is suitable for differentiating between SPPV and GTPV; in one PCR run; without any post-processing steps.
Rapid detection and differentiation between sheep pox and goat pox viruses by real-time qPCR and conventional PCR in sheep and goat in Egypt
Diagnosis of foot and mouth disease in cattle and buffaloes in different governorates of Egypt (Text)
Diagnosis of foot and mouth disease in cattle and buffaloes in different governorates of Egypt (Other)
WVJ 10(1) 43-52, March 25, 2020-foot & mouth disease in cattle.pdf
HTML Summary of #549 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Diagnosis of foot and mouth disease in cattle and buffaloes in different governorates of Egypt</epc:when>
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is highly contagious disease affected cloven-hoofed animals which result in substantial economic losses. The present study was aimed to detect FMDV by different serological and molecular methods in cattle and buffaloes for providing an accurate and rapid diagnosis of FMD disease. 86 samples of tongue epithelium biopsies, fluid vesicles samples and saliva, as well as 86 coagulated and uncoagulated blood samples, were collected from 64 and 22 suspected cattle and buffaloes respectively in different governorates in Egypt, during August to December 2017. Serum samples were examined by 3ABC-ELISA for differentiating between infected and non-infected animals. While tissues biopsies and un-coagulated blood samples were examined by Sandwich ELISA, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) as well as Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR). FMDV porotypes were identified by rRT-PCR in suspected cattle and buffaloes samples to FMDV serotype A, O and SAT2 and results showed that 54 samples positive for FMDV different serotypes while FMDV serotype differentiation in tissues biopsy of cattle were 18 (28.12%), 12 (18.75%), 3 (4.68 %) and 4 (6.25%). Also, the positive results of tissue samples from buffaloes examined by RT-PCR were 9 (40.09 %), 4 (6.25%), 2 (9.09 %) and 2 (9.09 %) for O, SAT2, serotype A and mixed serotypes respectively by different tests. The rRT-PCR provided an accurate and rapid laboratory diagnosis of FMDV as well as RT-PCR, and 3ABC- ELISA were given nearly the same results. Although the rRT-PCR generated results in less than 6 h and this is an important feature when definitive diagnostic results required in a short timescale during emergencies. Also, this study demonstrated the current situation of circulation FMDV type A, O, and SAT2 serotypes in cattle and buffaloes in Egypt.
Diagnosis of foot and mouth disease in cattle and buffaloes in different governorates of Egypt
Effect of phase feeding on broiler performance (Text)
Effect of phase feeding on broiler performance (Other)
HTML Summary of #78 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of phase feeding on broiler performance</epc:when>
This study was conducted to assess the effects of phase feeding on growth performance of broiler chicks. The experimental work consisted of a 7-week trial feeding, in which three different feeding programme. Three experimental diets formulated to contain different levels of metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP); namely a broiler starter diet containing approximately 3072 Kcal ME/kg and 23.9 crude protein, a grower diet containing 3118 Kcal ME/Kg and 21.8 crude protein, and a finisher diet containing 3200 Kcal ME/kg and 18 crude protein. The results diets not reveal any significant differences in productive parameters, but indicated marked trends in differences among the experimental treatment. These differences showed that the highest feed consumption and live weight gain were attained by the group of birds fed the starter diet throughout the experimental period. The starter diet followed by the finisher diet for four weeks resulted in the lowest total feed consumption, reasonably high body weight gain, lowest feed conversion ratio and highest dressing percentage. It can, however, be considered under the conditions of the present experiment that the three experimental feeding programmes supported similar productive performance of broiler, indicating a slight economic advantage of feeding the starter diet followed by the finisher diet. © Scienceline Publication.
Effect of phase feeding on broiler performance
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology and its application to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a review (Text)
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology and its application to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a review (Other)
JLSB 10(1) 01-09, 2020-CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology and COVID-19.pdf
HTML Summary of #5 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology and its application to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a review</epc:when>
Introduction. Clustered-Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), and CRISPR associated (Cas) protein (CRISPR/Cas) structures were first identified in E. coli in 1987 and guard prokaryotic cells from any invading pathogens, harmful events and plasmids by recognizing and cutting foreign nucleic acid sequences that contain short palindromic repeats spacer sequences. Several genome editing approaches have been developed based on these mechanisms; the most recent is known as CRISPR/Cas. Before the CRISPR technique was revealed in 2012, editing the genomes of plants and animals took many years and cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. Thus, CRISPR/Cas has attracted significant interest in the scientific community, especially for disease diagnosis and treatment, as it is quicker, less expensive and more precise than other genome editing approaches. The evidence from gene mutations in specific patients generated using CRISPR/Cas can assist in the prediction of the optimal treatment schedule for individual patients and for innovation purposes in other researches like replication in cell culture of coronaviruses like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2 or COVID-19). However, in numerous situations, the effects of the furthermost significant driver mutations are not yet understood and interpretation of the optimal treatment is impossible. CRISPR/Cas classifications feature highly sensitive and selective tools for the detection of various target genes. When we see the next steps of genomic research, it is obvious that genome-wide association studies are relatively new way to identify the genes involved in human disease. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas provides a tool to manipulate non-coding regions and will thus accelerate examination of these poorly characterized regions of the genome and play a vital role in the progress of whole genome libraries. Aim. We aimed to review the history of CRISPR/Cas, the mechanisms of CRISPR techniques, its current status as a tool for studying both natural mutations and genomic manipulations, and explore how CRISPR/Cas may improve the treatment of diseases.
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology and its application to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a review
Morpho-histological study of spleen ontogenesis in lambs during antenatal and posnatal period (Text)
Morpho-histological study of spleen ontogenesis in lambs during antenatal and posnatal period (Other)
HTML Summary of #73 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Morpho-histological study of spleen ontogenesis in lambs during antenatal and posnatal period</epc:when>
In an experiment on the spleen of healthy lambs at two periods (prenatal and postnatal), using anatomo-topographic and histo-cytological research methods and with subsequent statistical analysis, it was found that the changes in the anatomical and histological structure related to the age of this organ, including during the early stages of the postnatal period of ontogenesis. Note that the surface of the spleen is covered with a capsule of connective tissue, from which leave trabeculae which divide the parenchyma of the organ into lobes. At the time of physiological maturity, the ratio of the structures changes in the direction of an increase in the white pulp and a decrease in the component of the red pulp. During all periods of prenatal fetal development, the percentages of spleen tissue components corresponding to fetal analogs with normal clinical development are determined. The morphological structure of the spleen is described for the first time for this breed in Algeria, age-related changes in the structures of the parenchyma are traced, the formation of follicles began during the terminal phase of gestation, and the development age-related white pulp. © Scienceline Publication.
Morpho-histological study of spleen ontogenesis in lambs during antenatal and posnatal period
Review on coronavirus, a middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) (Text)
Review on coronavirus, a middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) (Other)
OJAFR 10(1) 01-11, 2020 Review on coronavirus, (MERS-CoV).pdf
HTML Summary of #77 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Review on coronavirus, a middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV)</epc:when>
Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have long been considered in consequential pathogens, causing the-common cold in otherwise healthy people. However, in the 21st century, 2 highly pathogenic HCoVs-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)-emerged from animal reservoirs to cause global epidemics with alarming morbidity and mortality. In December 2019, yet another pathogenic HCoV, 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), was recognized in Wuhan, China, and has caused serious illness and death. The ultimate cope and effect of this outbreak is unclear at present as the situation is rapidly evolving. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is zoonotic diseases causing severe respiratory illness emerged in 2012 in Saudi Arabia. Phylogenetic studies and viral sequencing results strongly suggest that MERS-CoV originated from bat ancestors after evolutionary recombination process, primarily in dromedary camels in Africa. The prevalence of MERS-CoV antibodies, the identification of MERS-CoV RNA and viable virus from dromedary camels of Eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula are the suggestive evidence for inter-transmission of the virus, primarily from camels to humans and its public health risks. However, the infection in camel is mostly asymptomatic. In contrast to the camel case, the clinical signs and symptoms of MERS-CoV infection in humans ranges from an asymptomatic or mild respiratory illness to severe pneumonia and multi-organ failure with an overall mortality rate of about 35. Though inter-human spread within health care settings is responsible for the majority of reported MERS-CoV human cases, the virus is currently incapable of causing sustained human-to-human transmission (pandemic occurrence). Currently, there is no specific drug or vaccine available for treatment and prevention of MERS-CoV. The important measures to control MERS-CoV spread are strict regulation of camel movement, regular herd screening and isolation of infected camels, use of personal protective equipment by camel handlers and awareness creation on the public where consumption of unpasteurized camel milk is common. Therefore, urgent global epidemiological studies are required, to understand the transmission patterns and the human cases of MERS-CoV and also for the proper implementation of the above-mentioned control measures. © Scienceline Publication.
Review on coronavirus, a middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV)
Assessment of dairy value chain sustainability, constraints and opportunities in Aksum, Central Tigray, Ethiopia (Text)
Assessment of dairy value chain sustainability, constraints and opportunities in Aksum, Central Tigray, Ethiopia (Other)
HTML Summary of #74 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Assessment of dairy value chain sustainability, constraints and opportunities in Aksum, Central Tigray, Ethiopia</epc:when>
Describing the sustainability of dairy value chain and showing the clear gaps of the sector is important for bringing continual improvement that can support the livelihoods of dairy farmers and the wellbeing of environment. To facilitate a balanced practice on the three pillars of sustainability (people, planet and profit), a regular updating of the existing situation of dairy production is crucial. Therefore, the objective of this report was describing the sustainability of dairy value chain in Aksum district, and shows clearly the gaps of the sector that needs urgent action for continual improvement. Desk study for gathering secondary information was employed. Different analytical tools were used to analyze and present the result. In Aksum, milk is produced by mainly smallholder farmers, dairy cooperatives and few commercial medium scale farms. The production system is operated by gender inclusive system which is in line with sustainable dairy. The production potential of milking cows is very poor that is mainly due to poor genetic makeup and management system. The common feed is roughage that causes to the low production performance (poor economic viability) and high greenhouse gas emissions from enteric fermentation (risky for environment). The highest value addition, risks and costs are belonged to producers but the high share of margin is for processors and retailers. Therefore, this unfair share of profits, costs and risks is not a good sign of sustainable dairy development. Hence, an attempt to improve the dairy sector should consider the three pillars of sustainability. © Scienceline Publication.
Assessment of dairy value chain sustainability, constraints and opportunities in Aksum, Central Tigray, Ethiopia
Conservation-based breeding program for indigenous sheep breeds in Ethiopia: The way forward (Text)
Conservation-based breeding program for indigenous sheep breeds in Ethiopia: The way forward (Other)
HTML Summary of #75 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Conservation-based breeding program for indigenous sheep breeds in Ethiopia: The way forward</epc:when>
This paper review briefly Ethiopian sheep genetic resources, description of farming systems, breeding objectives of the community, and to quantify threats with previous sheep genetic improvement and conservation strategies in Ethiopia. Thus, the aims of this paper focus on the role of characterizing indigenous sheep breed, including their threat status in genetic improvement programs. Indigenous sheep genetic resources have contributed considerable portion to the integrated crop-livestock farming systems in Ethiopia. Ethiopia endowed with a diverse sheep genetic resource maintained under different production systems. Sheep research and development in Ethiopia has largely focused on characterization of sheep genetic resources, description of farming systems and genetic improvements using crossbreeding and selection within breed. In Ethiopia, there are a total of 14 traditional sheep populations in Ethiopia fall into six breed groups based on DNA and morphological data. The main cause of threatening the sheep genetic resource in Ethiopia is indiscriminate crossbreeding with exotic germplasm. Few research institutes and agricultural universities are involved in the conservation and management of sheep breeds in Ethiopia. Currently the emphasis is on village based rather than centre-based genetic improvement program. It is possible to conserve sheep genetic resources in Ethiopia through quantifying past sheep characterization works and developing breeding programs suitable to the conditions of smallholder farmers that increase the economic values of indigenous sheep breeds. © Scienceline Publication.
Conservation-based breeding program for indigenous sheep breeds in Ethiopia: The way forward
Phenotypic characterization of donkeys in Benishangul Gumuz national regional state (Text)
Phenotypic characterization of donkeys in Benishangul Gumuz national regional state (Other)
HTML Summary of #76 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Phenotypic characterization of donkeys in Benishangul Gumuz national regional state</epc:when>
Fifteen morphometric measurements and eighteen qualitative traits were recorded on 323 randomly sampled adult donkeys (123 jacks and 200 jennets) to meet an objective of characterizing a heterogeneous donkey population of three phenotypic types (Sinnar, the locals and their crosses) found in Benishangul Gumuz region of Ethiopia. The General Linear Model and non-parametric test (chi-square) procedures of SAS software were used for the analysis of the morphometric data and qualitative traits, respectively. Means were separated using the Tukey-Kramer test. The studied morphometric measurements were significantly affected by the phenotypic type and partially affected by sex and sample location /district. Sinnar donkeys were significantly bigger and heavier than the local and the crosses. However, for some of the morphometric measurements no significance difference was observed between Sinnar and crosses implying the presence of heterosis. Heart girth measurements for Sinnar, local and crosses were 110.61±0.436, 106.18±0.448 and 108.87±1.251, respectively. Body weight estimates of 127.26±1.277, 113.40±1.312 and 121.13± 3.665 kg were obtained for Sinnar, the local and the crosses. There was sexual size dimorphism and depending on the type of morphometric trait either jacks or jennets show significantly (P<0.05) higher values as compared to the opposite sex. Jacks had wider chest (22.61 vs 22.09 cm.), thicker (24.40 vs 23.24 cm.), and longer cannon bone (31.00 vs 31.32 cm) than jennets, while the jennets possess wider hip (33.00 vs 31.69 cm.) and longer body (90.49 vs 88.52 cm.), back (67.37 vs 66.17), ear (24.42 vs 23.90 cm) and heavier estimated weight (122.47 vs 118.71 kg) than the jacks. Limited location effect was recorded showing donkeys from Guba district were comparatively the largest. Majority of the studied donkeys possess white abdominal color, unpigmented hoof and muzzle, short and medium hair size, plain body color pattern with long dorsal stripe without leg stripe, straight face and sloppy rump profile, medium tail length and thickness at the base of the tail. Qualitative differences (P<0.05) were also observed among the class categories. Further molecular level studies could supplement the current study and provide more refined classification of the various genotypes in the studied area. Similarly, characterization of the local donkeys found in other parts of the region and the Abyssinian donkeys in the adjoining areas is required. © Scienceline Publication.
Phenotypic characterization of donkeys in Benishangul Gumuz national regional state
The Effects of Service Provision and Construction Activities in Iranian Villages on Villagers’ Subjective Perceptions of Rural Life within the Concept of Quality of Life: The Case of Hamadan Province (Text)
The Effects of Service Provision and Construction Activities in Iranian Villages on Villagers’ Subjective Perceptions of Rural Life within the Concept of Quality of Life: The Case of Hamadan Province (Other)
HTML Summary of #986 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effects of Service Provision and Construction Activities in Iranian Villages on Villagers’ Subjective Perceptions of Rural Life within the Concept of Quality of Life: The Case of Hamadan Province</epc:when>
The concept of quality of life in the rural context has developed and changed to a great extent since its introduction back in the 1930s. Today, this concept is an important tool in the hands of rural policy-makers and planners for identification and evaluation of current conditions, assessment of the effects of previously implemented policies and determining the direction of future policy-making. This concept includes both the objective and subjective dimensions of rural quality of life. The objective rural quality of life refers to all the facilities and services available to the residents of a rural settlement. The subjective rural quality of life, however, refers to the perception of these facilities and services and the overall satisfaction and happiness of the residents. The present study has been conducted with the aim of analyzing the rural quality of life in Iran. The villages of Hamadan Province, situated west of Iran, were selected as the study area. This study has analyzed the mentality of the village residents based on seven objective indices of quality of life using structural equation modeling and the SmartPLS software. The results indicated that rural housing facilities have been significantly effective in increasing the villagers’ satisfaction and quality of life. Deviation from traditional rural lifestyles and modernization of the villages were also revealed to be among the factors which have reduced the villagers’ quality of life.
The Effects of Service Provision and Construction Activities in Iranian Villages on Villagers’ Subjective Perceptions of Rural Life within the Concept of Quality of Life: The Case of Hamadan Province
Effects of Moringa oleifera and Garcinia Kola with or without grits on haematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens (Text)
Effects of Moringa oleifera and Garcinia Kola with or without grits on haematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens (Other)
JWPR 9(4) 180-186, 2019 Effects of Moringa oleifera and Garcinia kola with or without Grits on.pdf
HTML Summary of #94 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of Moringa oleifera and Garcinia Kola with or without grits on haematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens</epc:when>
The use of antibiotics as growth promoters in food animals has been banned due to the residual effects on final consumers which could lead to human health issues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of two herbal feed additives with or without grits on hematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. One hundred and forty-four, one-day-old, Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly assigned into six treatments (24 birds per treatment) with three replicates (eight bird per replicate). Six dietary treatments were formulated with the inclusion of Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal (MOLM), Garcinia kola Seed Meal (GKSM) and grits. The experimental rations contained diet without MOLM, GKSM and grits which served as treatment 1 (control), diet with MOLM at 1000ppm (treatment 2), diet with GKSM at 1000ppm (treatment 3), diet with grits at 1000ppm (treatment 4), diet with MOLM at 1000ppm + grits at 1000ppm (treatment 5) and diet with GKSM at 1000ppm + grits at 1000ppm (treatment 6). Blood samples were collected on 28 and 56 days of age for hematological and biochemical analysis. Data were subjected to analysis of variance in a completely randomized design. At the starter phase, red blood cells (1.15 ×1012 L) and white blood cells were significantly lowest in birds of first treatment. The birds that received treatment 6, had the highest glucose (131.50 g/dl) and high-density lipoprotein level (58.50 mg/dl). At the finisher phase, the lowest white blood cell count (10.95 ×109/L) and lymphocytes (60%) were recorded in treatment 6. Birds in treatment 3 indicated the lowest urea (2.05 mg/dl) and triglyceride (94.50 mg/dl). It can be concluded that diet supplemented with GKSM at 1000 ppm, increased high-density lipoprotein, and reduced triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein levels in serum of broiler chickens.
Effects of Moringa oleifera and Garcinia Kola with or without grits on haematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens
The effect of Aspergillus fumigatus infection on antibody immune response to newcastle disease virus in broiler chickens (Text)
The effect of Aspergillus fumigatus infection on antibody immune response to newcastle disease virus in broiler chickens (Other)
JWPR 9(4) 196-203, 2019 The Effect of Aspergillus fumigatus Infection on Antibody Immune .pdf
HTML Summary of #100 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The effect of Aspergillus fumigatus infection on antibody immune response to newcastle disease virus in broiler chickens</epc:when>
Aspergillus fumigatus infection might predispose birds to other respiratory infections with other pathogens such as Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV). This study aimed to investigate the incidence of Aspergillus fumigatus in commercial farms and its histopathological effects on respiratory organs and to evaluate the immunosuppressive effect of aspergillosis on NDV vaccinated birds. Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from feedstuff and broilers in farms with respiratory manifestation. Twenty NDV-vaccinated broiler chickens of 10 days old were experimentally infected by feeding on feedstuff contaminated with Aspergillus fumigatus. Twenty vaccinated broilers but not fed the contaminated diet were used as the control group. Clinical signs, histopathological changes, NDV antibody levels in infected birds were recorded. Clinically, infected birds showed respiratory distress, dyspnea, gasping, ruffled feathers, green watery diarrhea, anorexia, lethargy, and unilateral drooping of wing. Histopathological changes were observed as disseminated granulomatous foci in the affected lungs, with caseous necrosis and leukocytes infiltration. The antibody immune response against NDV significantly reduced in infected birds compared with that of non-infected broilers. It is concluded, that Aspergillus fumigatus infection suppresses the immune responses and predisposes the broilers to other microbial infections, leading to considerable economic losses in the poultry industry.
The effect of Aspergillus fumigatus infection on antibody immune response to newcastle disease virus in broiler chickens
Detection of lung affections of stray cats in Mosul City, Iraq (Text)
Detection of lung affections of stray cats in Mosul City, Iraq (Other)
HTML Summary of #364 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Detection of lung affections of stray cats in Mosul City, Iraq</epc:when>
Stray cats are exposed to deleterious factors in the urban environment. The present study was aimed to describe the pathological features of lung lesions in stray cats in Mosul city, Iraq. From February to March 2013, 19 ailing cats were caught through animal control campaigns and euthanized. Necropsy and histopathologic findings were recorded for the collected lungs. The results indicated lesions in all the lung samples. Pathomorphogical characterization included emphysema (84%), atelectasis (63%), and bronchiectasis (26%), bronchopneumonia (63%), granulomatous pneumonia (15%), verminous pneumonia (15%), alveolitis (15%), proliferative pneumonia (10%), and pleuropneumonia (5%). In addition, cellular adaptation was characterized by hyperplasia of alveolar cells (52%), bronchial epithelium hyperplasia (31%) and fibroplasia (26%). Hemosiderosis and parasitic infestation were also detected. The study concluded that all lungs collected from stray cats showed pathological changes, reflecting the presence of the pathogen agents and pollution in the environment of this city.
Detection of lung affections of stray cats in Mosul City, Iraq
Antibiotic profile of bacterial species isolated from broiler chickens with cellulitis (Text)
Antibiotic profile of bacterial species isolated from broiler chickens with cellulitis (Other)
HTML Summary of #367 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Antibiotic profile of bacterial species isolated from broiler chickens with cellulitis</epc:when>
HeaThe present study was carried out to isolate and identify the bacterial agents involved in field cases of avian cellulitis in broiler chickens and also to examine isolated bacteria for antibiotic susceptibility. The study was applied on 290 broiler chickens, aged 30-35 days, suffered from cellulitis (65 with head and 225 body lesions) to isolate bacterial agents. All obtained isolates were identified and tested for the pathogenicity based on Congo red assay. Disc diffusion test was used to study the sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates with determination of multiple antibiotic resistance index. Results revealed that all head and 91.5% of body samples were positive on bacteriological examination. E. coli was the most prevalent isolate (45.2%), followed by staphylococci (33.2%), Clostridia (5.4%), streptococci (5.1%), Proteus mirabilis (4.4%), Enterobacter spp. (3.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.2%), and Aeromonas spp. (1.2%). Congo red binding test was positive for P. aeruginosa (100%), Clostridia (72.7%), E. coli (65.8%), staphylococci (62.2%), Aeromonas spp. (60%), P. mirabilis (38.9%), Enterobacter spp. (38.5%) and streptococci (33.3%). Serological typing of E. coli identified nine O serotypes, with high predominance of O78 (19%). On antibiotic susceptibility profiling, E. coli isolates demonstrated 83.1-92.9% resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and enrofloxacin. Staphylococci isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin (97.0%) and clindamycin (82.9%). Clostridial and Aeromonas spp. isolates showed 100% resistant to tetracycline, enrofloxacin, and cefotaxime. Enterobacter spp. showed 100% resistance to chloramphenicol and cefotaxime. P. aeruginosa had 100% resistance to tetracycline and enrofloxacin. Also, streptococci isolates showed 100% resistance to erythromycin. Totally, 56.3% bacterial isolates were multidrug-resistant, 23.8% extensively drug-resistant and 1.5% pan drug-resistant. The present study concluded that E. coli is the most predominant pathogen involved in cellulitis, particularly O78 serotype. In addition, this study demonstrated high prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria among isolates, particularly against commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, it is recommended to use antibiotic sensitivity tests and accurate therapeutic doses to efficiently treat and control bacterial infections in poultry.
Antibiotic profile of bacterial species isolated from broiler chickens with cellulitis
The role of organizational agility on the relationship between organizational information technology capabilities and competitive performance; case study: Mellat bank (Text)
The role of organizational agility on the relationship between organizational information technology capabilities and competitive performance; case study: Mellat bank (Other)
HTML Summary of #1014 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The role of organizational agility on the relationship between organizational information technology capabilities and competitive performance; case study: Mellat bank</epc:when>
This study aimed to investigate the role of organizational agility in relation between organizational intelligence capabilities and competitive performance in Mellat Bank. This research was descriptive survey. The community consists of two groups of experts of the central organization and managers of Mellat Bank Branches in Mashhad. In total, the population of this study was 367 people, and 225 people were selected using available sampling. The tool used in this research was a researched-based native-based questionnaire. Its factual validity, using the views of professors and experts, verified the structure through confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability through the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was examined and confirmed. Took The data analysis method was structural equations through the software PPS; the results of path analysis indicated that the IT capability of the organization has a positive and significant effect on market agility and its operation. Also, agility in operations can affect agility in the market and agility in the market can lead to high competitive performance.
The role of organizational agility on the relationship between organizational information technology capabilities and competitive performance; case study: Mellat bank
The effects of Mospilan and Aktara insecticides in the feed on egg production and meat quality of laying hens (Text)
The effects of Mospilan and Aktara insecticides in the feed on egg production and meat quality of laying hens (Other)
JWPR 9(4) 233-239, 2019 The Effects of Mospilan and Aktara Insecticides in.pdf
HTML Summary of #161 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The effects of Mospilan and Aktara insecticides in the feed on egg production and meat quality of laying hens</epc:when>
The current study was aimed to investigate the effects of feeding Mospilan and Actara insecticides on egg production performance and meat quality of laying hens. Experimental research was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine in 2015. The experiments were performed on five groups each consisting of seven chickens. The age of the chickens at the beginning of the experiment was 150 days. The birds were fed the granulated compound feed. In M1 and M2 groups, Mospilan at doses of 65 mg/kg and 32.5 mg/kg of body weight were added to the feed, respectively. In A1 and A2 groups, Actara at doses of 360 mg/kg and 180 mg/kg of body weight were added to the feed, respectively. Chickens of the control group were fed without the addition of insecticides to the feed. The feeding period lasted 30 days and finally, egg production performance, meat quality, and gross pathological changes were evaluated. Egg production rate in M1 and M2 groups in comparison to the control group decreased by 78.4 and 29.7%, respectively. Egg production rate in A1 and A2 groups reduced by 89.2% and 48.7% compared to the control group, respectively. Chickens in groups of receiving insecticides had pale skin and enlarged heart, also showed spot hemorrhages in mucous membranes of the glandular stomach and intestine, color heterogeneity of the lungs, and the liver was dark cherry in color with hemorrhage. In addition, the relative weights of internal organs decreased by 23-36% in experimental groups. In the experimental groups, the pH of meat decreased at day 4 post-slaughter, and the meat broth with the addition of 5% copper sulfate solution was slightly cloudy with flakes. The meat of birds from the experimental groups was low toxic. Extracts from chicken meat of the experimental groups caused pathological changes, inhibition of movements and death of 13-16% of Tetrahymena pyriformis infusoria. This study demonstrated that the presence of Mospilan and Aktara in feed reduced the egg production rate, caused chronic poisoning, changed biochemical processes in chicken meat and increased its toxicity.
The effects of Mospilan and Aktara insecticides in the feed on egg production and meat quality of laying hens
A comprehensive review on the common emerging diseases in Quails (Text)
A comprehensive review on the common emerging diseases in Quails (Other)
JWPR 9(4) 160-174, 2019 Common Emerging Diseases in Quails.pdf
HTML Summary of #168 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A comprehensive review on the common emerging diseases in Quails</epc:when>
The poultry industry is considered an important sector that meets the great demand for protein sources all over the world. Now, quails are recognized as promising and important alternative species with many advantages over other poultry species. In many countries around the world, quail meat has achieved great popularity as a good source of protein and other important nutrients. However, there are some limitations and challenges to quails production. One of them is the susceptibility to some viral, bacterial, mycotic and parasitic diseases that can adversely affect quails. Many of the diseases that affect quails cause severe economic losses in quail industry due to a decrease in growth performance, poor feed conversion, reduction in hatchability, increased mortality and treatment costs. There are limited research and literature dealing with different disease and conditions affecting quails. Therefore, the aim of this work was to present a comprehensive review of the most important emerging diseases affecting quails worldwide.
A comprehensive review on the common emerging diseases in Quails
Effect of using solar energy and different ventilation rate on production in poultry houses (Text)
Effect of using solar energy and different ventilation rate on production in poultry houses (Other)
JWPR 9(4) 204-210, 2019 Effect of Using Solar Energy and Different Ventilation Rate.pdf
HTML Summary of #193 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of using solar energy and different ventilation rate on production in poultry houses</epc:when>
The main purpose of the present study was to find an alternative source for traditional energy to provide the energy requirements in the poultry industry. The present study was conducted in four poultry houses with different heating systems (solar and conventional) and ventilation rates located in El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, during June and July 2018. In this study, it was found that productivity increased by increasing the ventilation rate, where productivity reached 2.3 kg when using a solar heating system with a ventilation rate every two minutes. Productivity decreased in poultry houses with a conventional heating system and was 2 kg in ventilation rate every 2 minutes, and 1.8 kg in the ventilation rate every four minutes. The level of ammonia was also reduced with the ventilation rate every two minutes. Concentrations of ammonia ranged from 22 ppm at ventilation rate every two minutes to 28 ppm at the ventilation rate every four minutes. In addition, solar energy provided good levels of thermal requirements. It was demonstrated that solar energy as an alternative source to the conventional energy, is very efficient and can be applied on a large scale when combined with conventional electricity as a light source and within specified limits.
Effect of using solar energy and different ventilation rate on production in poultry houses
History and current situation of commercial ostrich farming in Mexico (Text)
History and current situation of commercial ostrich farming in Mexico (Other)
JWPR 9(4) 224-232, 2019 History and Current Situation of Commercial Ostrich Farming.pdf
HTML Summary of #223 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">History and current situation of commercial ostrich farming in Mexico</epc:when>
As in many other countries, in Mexico, the ostrich aroused the interest of public and private entities for its broad productive qualities and quality of its products. The objective of the present study was to describe the history of ostrich introduction in Mexico as a kind of commercial interest, from the arrival of the first birds to the current farms. In 1988 the first farm was established, then a series of farms of significant size were appearing, all of them focused their business on the sale of breeding stock, a business that was profitable during the heyday of the specie in the country (1998-2008). The main client was the government that acquired ostriches to distribute them among a large number of new farmers. When the introduction into the activity of government and private individuals was no longer attractive, the prices of the breeders fell and the sector collapsed because the farms were inefficient and the infrastructure and promotion sufficient to position the ostrich products were not produced on the national or export market. In 2016 it was known that about 30 farms remained in the activity, of which 20 were located and provided information for this study. The farms that remained in the activity continued with significant difficulties in terms of their productivity, however, they had managed to mitigate part of the problem by sharing production practices among themselves and going to their counterparts abroad through digital media. On the commercial side, they had managed to develop standardized products using maquiladora companies, and placed them in niche markets that paid for higher prices than those that are paid for conventional substitutes. In the case of ostrich, in Mexico and many other countries, the sector failed because the market demand response was overestimated and the farmers ventured into the activity without adequate knowledge bases, infrastructure, and institutional support. These findings could be referred to many other species of nascent interest.
History and current situation of commercial ostrich farming in Mexico
The effect of Bacillus subtilis inoculum doses and fermentation time on enzyme activity of fermented palm kernel cake (Text)
The effect of Bacillus subtilis inoculum doses and fermentation time on enzyme activity of fermented palm kernel cake (Other)
JWPR 9(4) 211-216, 2019 The Effect of Bacillus subtilis Inoculum Doses and Fermentation Time.pdf
HTML Summary of #253 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The effect of Bacillus subtilis inoculum doses and fermentation time on enzyme activity of fermented palm kernel cake</epc:when>
Palm kernel cake (PKC) was by-product of palm oil industry and it had potential to be one of the poultry ration ingredient However, its utilization for poultry was still limited because of the β-mannan in PKC. In order to increase PKC utilization in poultry ration, fermentation process was done to remodeled β mannan by using Bacillus subtilis. This research conducted a study on the effect of Bacillus subtilis inoculum dose and fermentation time to increase the enzyme activity of FPKC by using CRD with 3 × 3 factorial and 3 replications. Factor A was 3 doses of inoculum Bacillus subtilis: 3%, 5%, and 7%. Factor B was fermentation times which contained: (1) 2 days, (2) 4 days, and (3) 6 days. Parameters used were enzyme activity of mannanase, protease, and cellulase in FPKC. Significant interaction was seen between inoculum doses of Bacillus subtilis and fermentation time. There was also a significant interaction on each of the inoculums dose of Bacillus subtilis and fermentation time on all of the enzyme activity. This study concluded FPKC with Bacillus subtilis of 7% inoculums doses and 6 days fermentation time indicate the best result as seen from 24.27 U/ml of mannanase activity, 10.27 U/ml of protease activity, 17.13 U/ml of cellulose activity of fermented PKC.
The effect of Bacillus subtilis inoculum doses and fermentation time on enzyme activity of fermented palm kernel cake
Chemical characteristics and amino acids profile of protein hydrolysates of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Viscera (Text)
Chemical characteristics and amino acids profile of protein hydrolysates of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Viscera (Other)
HTML Summary of #298 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Chemical characteristics and amino acids profile of protein hydrolysates of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Viscera</epc:when>
An Research on protein hydrolysate has been performed by using various types of fish and enzymes, but there is limited research on the nutritive value of visceral waste proteins of tilapia. The present study aimed to determine amino acid profile and composition (water, protein, fat and ash content) of protein hydrolysates prepared from viscera of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Alcalase enzyme was used as the hydrolytic enzyme at a concentration of 1.5 % (w/v), pH 7.9, and temperature of 55.80 °C for 1.5 h. Fresh Nile tilapia viscera had a high protein content of 35.14% ± 0.02 (dry basis) and the defatting process reduced fat content from 60.24 ± 0.04 to 57.81% ± 0.01 (dry basis). The results indicated that the hydrolysis of Nile tilapia viscera led to an increase in the protein content (62.81% ± 0.18) (dry basis). Furthermore, hydrolysis process also decreased the moisture content (11.56 % ± 0.49), fat content (16% ± 0.14), and ash content (5% ± 0.17) (dry basis). Glutamine had the highest amino acid level in hydrolysates (3.85 g/100g), whereas cysteine the lowest level (0.32 g/100g). In conclusion, Nile tilapia protein hydrolysates contain sufficient quantities of the essential amino acids that can be used as a source for fish feed protein. Moreover, chemical characteristics and amino acid profile of Nile tilapia protein hydrolysates indicated a high nutritional value which could be met adult human nutritional needs.
Chemical characteristics and amino acids profile of protein hydrolysates of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Viscera
Experimental Model of Coccidiosis Caused by Eimeria tenella in Broiler Chickens (Text)
Experimental Model of Coccidiosis Caused by Eimeria tenella in Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #307 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Experimental Model of Coccidiosis Caused by Eimeria tenella in Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Coccidiosis is the most common protozoan disease in poultry and is often recorded in poultry farms with the free-range system. The share of such poultry farms is constantly growing in Russia. The present study designed an experimental model of coccidiosis induced by Eimeria tenella in broilers. Forty-two 14-days-old broilers of the cross "ABH 47" were divided into seven groups of six broilers each according to the principle of analogs. Broilers were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. The groups were kept isolated throughout the study. Chickens in groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were orally infected with E. tenella culture at the doses of 2,000; 1,000; 250; 125; 62 and 15 oocysts/ml, respectively. Broilers of group 7 were uninfected and served as control. To determine the number of oocysts, all feces from the broilers of each experimental group were daily collected from the days 6 to 12 after infection. Counting was carried out using the McMaster technique. The average number of E. tenella oocysts per gram of feces in broilers of the groups 1 to 6 was 4,080; 6,880; 1,780; 1,530; 662 and 94, respectively. The average daily weight gain in groups 1 to 4 was significantly lower compared to the non-infected control group. The experimental model of coccidiosis in broiler chickens revealed that the number of oocysts excreted with feces is dependent on the dose of infection.
Experimental Model of Coccidiosis Caused by Eimeria tenella in Broiler Chickens
Systematic program for destroying of flies' population in poultry farm under battery cage management in Russia (Text)
Systematic program for destroying of flies' population in poultry farm under battery cage management in Russia (Other)
JWPR 9(4) 175-179, 2019 Poultry Farm under Battery Cage Management in Russia.pdf
HTML Summary of #308 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Systematic program for destroying of flies' population in poultry farm under battery cage management in Russia</epc:when>
Favorable conditions for development, reproduction, and accumulation of large amounts of zoophilous flies in commercial poultry farms are caused by incomplete compliance with veterinary and sanitary rules for growing in cage facilities. The purpose of the study was to test a systematic insecticidal program for destroying flies’ populations using adulticide and larvicide drugs in poultry farms under battery cage management. The number of imago flies in hen houses was dynamically evaluated using flypapers, six flypapers in each hen house, situated in different levels above the floor. Flypapers were removed and the number of stuck insects was counted. The number of larvae was evaluated in dynamics by specimen testing from the floor area 10x10 cm, with weight of 3-5 g. The Quick Bayt WG 10% was applied to destroy the imago of flies. Baycidal® WP 25% was used against larvae of flies. Complex insecticide program Quick Bayt WG 10% + Baycidal® WP 25% provided the opportunity to destroy flies, with a significant difference in intensefficacy, (98.3 % for adult flies and 99.8 % for larvae). Furthermore, this program had a positive impact on economic indicators of meat production of broilers. The present study demonstrated high preventive efficacy and economical efficacy of complex program against flies under battery cage broiler management.
Systematic program for destroying of flies' population in poultry farm under battery cage management in Russia
Microclimate, Body Weight Uniformity, Body Temperature, and Footpad Dermatitis in Broiler Chickens Reared in Commercial Poultry Houses in Hot and Humid Tropical Climates (Text)
Microclimate, Body Weight Uniformity, Body Temperature, and Footpad Dermatitis in Broiler Chickens Reared in Commercial Poultry Houses in Hot and Humid Tropical Climates (Other)
HTML Summary of #323 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Microclimate, Body Weight Uniformity, Body Temperature, and Footpad Dermatitis in Broiler Chickens Reared in Commercial Poultry Houses in Hot and Humid Tropical Climates</epc:when>
The present study was conducted to investigate the variations of microclimate variables along the length of commercial broiler houses and to determine the associations between microclimate variables and animal variables in broiler chickens. A routine rearing program involving 480,000 broiler chickens was conducted in 24 commercial broiler houses (with dimensions of 14×120×2.5 m, yielding 1,680 m2 of rearing area per house). Of these, 6,000 chickens were randomly selected for outcome measurements. Microclimate variables (Ambient Temperature (AT), Relative Humidity (RH), Air Velocity (AV), heat index, effective temperature, and ammonia) and animal variables (body weight uniformity, body temperature, and Footpad Dermatitis (FPD)) were measured at 10 sections (12 m apart) from the proximal end to distal end along the length of each broiler house. Regression analysis was used to determine the pattern of each microclimate variable along the length of the broiler houses and to determine the associations between the microclimate variables and the animal variables. The results showed that AT, heat index, and ammonia linearly increased from the front end to the rear end of the houses. In contrast, RH linearly decreased from the front end to the rear end of the houses. The regression analysis revealed no significant association between any of the microclimate variables and the body weight uniformity. Increasing AT and AV were associated with increasing mean body temperature. Increasing AT was associated with decreasing FPD. However, increasing RH and AV were associated with increasing FPD. In conclusion, the microclimate variables had various trends along the length of broiler houses.
Microclimate, Body Weight Uniformity, Body Temperature, and Footpad Dermatitis in Broiler Chickens Reared in Commercial Poultry Houses in Hot and Humid Tropical Climates
The effects of supplementation of cinnamon and turmeric powder mixture in ration of quail on performance and quality of eggs (Text)
The effects of supplementation of cinnamon and turmeric powder mixture in ration of quail on performance and quality of eggs (Other)
WVJ 9(4) 249-254, Dec 25, 2019 - The Effects of Supplementation of Cinnamon and Turmeric Powder Mixture in.pdf
HTML Summary of #328 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The effects of supplementation of cinnamon and turmeric powder mixture in ration of quail on performance and quality of eggs</epc:when>
The use of herbal ingredients to improve poultry production is increasingly developing in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the effect of mixed supplementation of turmeric powder and cinnamon on the performance and egg quality of Japanese quail. This study consisted of four treatments with three replications (25 quails per replicate) established in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of: T0 (control); T1 (10 g turmeric + 10 g cinnamon) / kg of feed; T2 (20 g turmeric + 20 g cinnamon) / kg of feed; and T3 (40 g turmeric + 40 g cinnamon) / kg of feed. Parameters measured included feed intake, body weight, feed conversion ratio, egg production, egg weight, yolk weight, yolk color index, egg white weight, eggshell weight, and egg cholesterol level. In addition, the percentage of quails reached maturity at 42 days of age were recorded. The obtained results indicated supplementation of the mixture of turmeric and cinnamon decreased feed intake and significantly improved feed conversion ratio. Quail weight at 42 days was not significantly different in different treatments. The percentage of laying quails increased in experimental treatments. Dietary supplementation with the mixture of turmeric and cinnamon significantly increased egg production, egg weight, yolk weight, yolk color index and eggshell weight. Supplementation of turmeric and cinnamon mixture significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein levels and increased high-density lipoprotein in egg yolk. It is concluded that the dietary inclusion of turmeric and cinnamon powder mixture (40 g + 40 g) / kg of feed can improve the performance and egg quality of quails.
The effects of supplementation of cinnamon and turmeric powder mixture in ration of quail on performance and quality of eggs
Probiotics and poultry gut microflora (Text)
Probiotics and poultry gut microflora (Other)
JWPR 9(4) 217-223, 2019 Probiotics and Poultry Gut Microflora.pdf
HTML Summary of #333 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Probiotics and poultry gut microflora</epc:when>
Poultry production is presently the most effective animal production industry and provides an excellent source of protein production worldwide. The poultry gastrointestinal microbiota includes commensal, mutualistic and pathogenic microbes. The relationship between host and gut microbiota can affect the balance of mutualism and pathogenicity. The imbalanced gut microflora caused by the incidence of disease, hygiene conditions, diet, management practices, and environmental stress affects the survival and productivity of chicken. Maintenance of the gut microbial composition is possible through the regulation of the gastrointestinal microbiota by suppressing the growth of pathogens. For many years, antibiotic growth promoters have been used to manage these problems. Nowadays, because of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, other alternatives are being sought. Supplementation of probiotics as feed additives is considered to enhance chicken productivitity and to protect the gut from pathogen colonization and help to tolerate environmental stress. The goal of the present article was to review the poultry gastrointestinal microflora and probiotics role in the health and growth of poultry. In addition, this article focused on probiotic microorganisms and their potential characteristics.
Evaluation of hematological and metabolic parameters in small ruminants with trace elements deficiency under different biogeochemical conditions (Text)
Evaluation of hematological and metabolic parameters in small ruminants with trace elements deficiency under different biogeochemical conditions (Other)
HTML Summary of #540 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Evaluation of hematological and metabolic parameters in small ruminants with trace elements deficiency under different biogeochemical conditions</epc:when>
In the present study soil, water, pasture plants, organs and tissues of crossbred sheep of the Soviet Aksaray and Zaanen German White Improved goats were analyzed for their Selenium (Se), Iodine (I), Cobalt (Co), zinc, copper, and manganese content in the Lower Volga region. The biogeochemical situation of terrestrial ecosystems of the Lower Volga region was characterized by Se, Co, and I deficiencies in soil, water, pasture plants, and feed of crossbred sheep of the Soviet Aksaray and Zaanen German White Improved goats. The deficiency of these trace elements in small ruminants had been compensated by changes in hematological parameters include high Red Blood Cell (RBC) and White Blood Cell (WBC) and biochemical parameters. Meanwhile, the analyzed trace elements in the organs and tissues of crossbred sheep (n = 6) and Zaanen German white improved goats (n = 6) demonstrated that goats had lower amounts of Se (0.0136 ± 0.002 mg/kg), I (0.19 ± 0.01mg/kg), and Co (0619 ± 0.03 mg/kg) compared to sheep. The animals were recorded with a decrease in alkali reserve, the content of total protein and lipids, vitamins A, E, C, B12, total calcium, and inorganic phosphorus, increase in glucose, conjugated dienes and malonic di-aldehyde in the blood, and functional insufficiency of the antioxidant protection system.
Evaluation of hematological and metabolic parameters in small ruminants with trace elements deficiency under different biogeochemical conditions
The effects of green tea and propolis extracts on pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-β, IL2, and immunoglobulin production in experimentally infected rabbits with bovine herpesvirus-1 (Text)
The effects of green tea and propolis extracts on pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-β, IL2, and immunoglobulin production in experimentally infected rabbits with bovine herpesvirus-1 (Other)
HTML Summary of #548 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The effects of green tea and propolis extracts on pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-β, IL2, and immunoglobulin production in experimentally infected rabbits with bovine herpesvirus-1</epc:when>
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is a highly contagious viral pathogen which causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in bovine worldwide. Currently, there is no antiviral prophylactic treatment available capable of the complete cure of the viral disease and facilitating recovery from latent infection in animals. The present study aimed to evaluate antiviral activities of Water Green Tea Extract (WGE) and Ethanol Propolis Extract (EPE) against BHV-1 virus comparing to commercial Acyclovir (ACV) in vitro in Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cell line and in vivo in rabbits as a laboratory animal’s model. The cytotoxicity assay was determined the safe dose of water green tea, and Ethanol propolis extracts and evaluated antiviral activity of each extract on infected MDBK with BHV-1. The fifteen rabbits were divided accidentally into five groups. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were inoculated with BHV-1 virus 107 TCID50/250 ul in nostrils and received propolis ethanol, water green tea extracts and ACV antiviral for 7 dpi respectively. Group 4 was inoculated with BHV-1 virus 107 TCID50/250 ul in nostrils without extracts or commercial drug. Group 5 was considered as control negative. Results of in-vitro study showed water green tea, and ethanol propolis extracts were potent inhibitor on BHV-1, which showed 80% protection against this virus and dropped in viral titer more than ACV. In vivo study of treated infected animals with WGE, EPE and ACV reduced clinical signs, elevated cytokines, and antibody production levels and failed re-isolated or detect DNA in blood or nasal samples swabs. Non treaded infected rabbits group developed respiratory clinical signs, humoral response and re-isolated BHV-1 and detected viral DNA of BHV-1 in blood, and nasal swabs from experimentally infected rabbits. In conclusion, propolis and green tea extracts were able to prevent virus replication and reduced CPE in MDBK cell cultures infected with BHV-1 and able to induce cytokines and antibodies levels production.
The effects of green tea and propolis extracts on pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-β, IL2, and immunoglobulin production in experimentally infected rabbits with bovine herpesvirus-1
Understanding the impact of high-rise buildings on environmental quality and sustainable urban development (Text)
Understanding the impact of high-rise buildings on environmental quality and sustainable urban development (Other)
HTML Summary of #1043 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Understanding the impact of high-rise buildings on environmental quality and sustainable urban development</epc:when>
Nowadays, increasing population and land prices have made high-rise construction or the vertical growth and development of cities to become inevitable. The benefits of vertical urban growth include preserving arable land to supply and feed the growing population, reducing environmental degradation due to reduced natural land construction, reducing urban traffic and energy consumption, and reducing air pollution resulting from horizontal urban development. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of high-rise building on environment quality and sustainable urban development using a descriptive-analytical research method. The research process has concluded that high-rise buildings can meet the needs of the community based on feasibility studies and design and construction based on appropriate scientific and technical and managerial principles and in accordance with the advanced technologies required for such buildings, such that all the principles and criteria of high-rise building are met.
Understanding the impact of high-rise buildings on environmental quality and sustainable urban development
Sick building syndrome: natural daylight case study (Text)
Sick building syndrome: natural daylight case study (Other)
HTML Summary of #1045 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Sick building syndrome: natural daylight case study</epc:when>
In the taxonomy of creatures, human is a complex being, a feature that makes him vulnerable, such that if he lacked the power to reason and intelligence, he would certainly not be able to deal with the threats of the nature. Creating a shelter, from its primitive form for cave dwellers to today's luxurious buildings, all point to the man's need for privacy that primarily guarantees his security, but a closer look at this physical boundary between man and nature, which is known as residence, reveals that there are a plethora of problems, questions, and requirements besides security, ranging from the extent to which nature suffers as a result of construction to the health problems that this demarcation creates for humans. Evidently, not being attentive to the environment will result in health problems, but since sustainable architecture is not necessarily considered a moral obligation to care for the health of residents, developing building regulations and design policies with an emphasis on human health seems essential. One of such problems, whose consequences are clearly noticeable in current societies and families, is the lack of access to natural daylight as a result of increased unorganized constructions and regardless of environmental conditions, and ultimately the emergence of dysfunctional buildings for their residents in the community, which in turn will eventually bring about irreversible physical and mental problems. In this article, the notion of “Sick Building Syndrome” (or SBS for short), and its underlying causes are reviewed by conducting a series of studies on authoritative and up-to-date sources, articles, and books. Here, the role that natural daylight plays as one of the major elements whose lack or absence will lead to the formation of a sick building in society, along with the factors and elements contributing the increased prevalence of this type of building are studied in the scope of architectural designing. The authors believe that identifying the reasons for the rise of acute health problems in our current society and promoting builders and architects to use appropriate and low-cost solutions, will greatly alleviate these problems.
Sick building syndrome: natural daylight case study
Architectural solutions to reduce the effects of salt storms (Text)
Architectural solutions to reduce the effects of salt storms (Other)
HTML Summary of #1044 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Architectural solutions to reduce the effects of salt storms</epc:when>
With an increased level of salty and saline land in the region around Lake Urmia followed by powerful winds and the creation of salt dust, the agricultural lands of the region progressively move towards salinization and eventually desertification. Environmental adverse effects of salt dust in the dried areas of the lake, which is the chief source of this problem, can be minimized by drainage. In more detail, by continual or sporadic flooding methods or by sprinkler irrigation and precipitation, soluble salts can be washed from saline soil profiles. Object-oriented image analysis (OBIA) techniques are one of the latest means of satellite image processing in the scope of remote sensing. These techniques have significant potential in soil science studies. The application of soil improvers to advance the physical and structural characteristics of the soil is quite common. This study is of review and descriptive type, and the collection of resources in this study was a library method and by reviewing Internet resources. The results of this research suggest relevant architectural and urban design solutions to reduce physical vulnerability to storms. In this respect, solutions have been given.
Architectural solutions to reduce the effects of salt storms
Isolation and identification of Acetobacter sp. from pineapple (Ananas comosus l.) as nata starter (Text)
Isolation and identification of Acetobacter sp. from pineapple (Ananas comosus l.) as nata starter (Other)
OJAFR 9(6) 260-264, 2019 Isolation and identification of acetobacter sp. from pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) as nata starter..pdf
HTML Summary of #229 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Isolation and identification of Acetobacter sp. from pineapple (Ananas comosus l.) as nata starter</epc:when>
The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the morphological and biochemical properties of Acetobacter sp. Isolation is done by growing bacteria taken from pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) juice on Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) media. Identification was carried out by biochemical tests namely catalase, motility, and oxygen use tests. The study was designed per descriptive analysis by evaluating and describing the collected data. The results of the morphological experiments showed that bacterial isolates isolated from pineapple had a milky white color, round shape, small size, smooth surface, flat elevation and gram-negative type. Biochemical tests showed positive reactions in the catalase test because of break-down capability of hydrogen peroxide by the enzyme catalase, while it was negative in the motility test because bacteria form a non-motile free sphere. Bacterial isolates showed a positive reaction in testing the use of oxygen because Acetobacter sp. need free oxygen for growth and activity. Isolation of Acetobacter sp. pineapple origin has macroscopic characteristics that are milky white color, round shape, smooth surface, and flat elevation. The results of the identification of Acetobacter sp. pineapple origin showed a positive reaction to the catalase test, which is a gram-negative bacteria and has a round shape. Future studies are recommended to conduct a polymer chain reaction test (PCR) to identify the strain of acetobacter sp.
Isolation and identification of Acetobacter sp. from pineapple (Ananas comosus l.) as nata starter
Histopathological alterations of ceca in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus) exposed to chronic heat stress (Text)
Histopathological alterations of ceca in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus) exposed to chronic heat stress (Other)
HTML Summary of #356 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Histopathological alterations of ceca in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus) exposed to chronic heat stress</epc:when>
Heat stress has been found to cause adverse effects on small intestinal microstructure, but little is known about its impact on chicken’s cecum. In this research, the histopathological alterations of broiler chicken’s cecum following chronic heat stress were evaluated. 20 broiler chickens were randomly divided into control group and treatment group containing 10 replicates, respectively. Both groups were reared under standard conditions until 21 days of age. From day 22 to day 42, the control group was kept at 24-28⁰C as well as relative humidity of 40-55%, while the treatment group was exposed to high temperature of 36-40⁰C and relative humidity of 45-65% for eight hours per day. At the end of the period, proximal part of each chicken’s cecum was collected and made into histopathological slides with Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. Villus height, villus width, crypt depth, villus surface area, and villus height to crypt depth ratio were examined from 10 villi per replicate. Results analysis revealed that chronic heat stress profoundly (P<0.05) reduced the crypt depth. Insignificant (P>0.05) changes of the villus despite the long-term heat exposure might imply that the damage is at its early phase. In conclusion, chronic heat stress can produce morphological alterations in the ceca of broiler chickens, though requiring longer duration due to cecum’s durability.
Histopathological alterations of ceca in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus) exposed to chronic heat stress
Antibacterial effect of Aloe Vera gel extract on Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of guinea fowls (Text)
Antibacterial effect of Aloe Vera gel extract on Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of guinea fowls (Other)
HTML Summary of #357 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Antibacterial effect of Aloe Vera gel extract on Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of guinea fowls</epc:when>
Aloe vera has a long history as a medicinal plant with diverse therapeutic applications. This study was conducted to assess the antibacterial effect of Aloe vera gel extract against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolated from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of guinea fowls. The conventional method was used for the isolation of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. The antibacterial activity of Aloe vera gel extracts (50, 100 and 200 mg/ml) and standard antibiotics were evaluated using the disk diffusion method. The prevalence of Escherichia coli in the GIT of the guinea fowls was 100% (15/15). All the Escherichia coli were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. At 48h and 72h of incubation, all the Escherichia coli were susceptible to gentamicin but not at 24h. Inhibition zones using the Aloe vera gel extract ranged from 7.87-12.23mm (50 mg/ml), 8.53-17.23mm (100 mg/ml) and 7.43-10.67mm (200 mg/ml) for Escherichia coli. Also, antibacterial test for Escherichia coli using the Aloe vera gel extract revealed an inhibition zone of 9.10-12.23mm for Escherichia coli isolate GIT1, 7.8-8.57mm for Escherichia coli isolate GIT2 and 7.43-17.23mm for Escherichia coli isolate GIT7. The prevalence of Salmonella enterica in the GIT of the guinea fowls was 40% (6/15). All Salmonella enterica were susceptible to gentamicin. At 48h and 72h of incubation, all the Salmonella enterica were susceptible to suphamethoxazole/trimethoprim and tetracycline but not at 24h. Inhibition zones using Aloe vera gel extract ranged from 7.13-12.57mm (50 mg/ml), 4.2-6.7mm (100 mg/ml) and 0-9.23mm (200 mg/ml). Furthermore, antibacterial test for Salmonella enterica using the Aloe vera gel extract revealed an inhibition zone of 5.3-12.57mm for Salmonella enterica isolate GIT9, 0-7.8mm for Salmonella enterica isolate GIT10 and 4.2-9.0mm for Salmonella enterica isolate GIT15. The study revealed that Aloe vera gel extract possessed antibacterial properties. Therefore, it can be added to the feed of guinea fowls as a prophylactic to reduce bacterial infections.
Antibacterial effect of Aloe Vera gel extract on Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of guinea fowls
The effects of grass-based versus grain-based feeding of ruminants on the human hygienic status, a review (Text)
The effects of grass-based versus grain-based feeding of ruminants on the human hygienic status, a review (Other)
HTML Summary of #365 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The effects of grass-based versus grain-based feeding of ruminants on the human hygienic status, a review</epc:when>
Ruminant meat quality is one of the important factors contributing to the recent spreading of several diseases, such as obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular problems, which have increased predominately. Feeding regiment plays an important role in the determination of the composition of fatty acids and meat quality in ruminants. This review aims to highlight the main factors that lie behind the variability of ruminant meat quality and its effect on human being’s health. The reduction in grass-feeding decreases saliva levels in the ruminants, which has several consequences on the rumen, including a reduction in pH level, along with a reduction in the microorganism activities and conjugated linoleic acid levels. In adipose tissues, the expression of the stearoyl-CoA desaturases gene is negatively affected by the decreased conjugated linoleic acid levels in the rumen, which leads to a decreased transformation of saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, the lower monounsaturated fatty acids and the parallel increase in the proportion of saturated fatty acids in the consumed meat can be associated with some human diseases. Thus, the present study provided a molecular explanation for the superiority of grass-based feeding in ruminants raised at pasture in term of production of meat with a healthier quality for consumers than those raised on grains.
The effects of grass-based versus grain-based feeding of ruminants on the human hygienic status, a review
Advancement in vaccination of broiler chickens with genotype-matched vaccines to currently epidemic newcastle disease virus genotype VII in Egypt (Text)
Advancement in vaccination of broiler chickens with genotype-matched vaccines to currently epidemic newcastle disease virus genotype VII in Egypt (Other)
J World Poult Res 9(3) 117-123, 2019.pdf
HTML Summary of #112 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Advancement in vaccination of broiler chickens with genotype-matched vaccines to currently epidemic newcastle disease virus genotype VII in Egypt</epc:when>
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreaks still occur frequently in Egypt in spite of the heavy implementation of classic NDV vaccines for a long time ago, where NDV genotype VII has become the dominant genotype in Egypt from 2012 until now. Many previous studies have recommended using genotype-matched NDV vaccines against the epidemic virus for providing better protection and minimizing virus shedding. Therefore, the present study evaluated the efficacy of two available live NDV vaccines in Cobb 500 broilers. The group A and B (20 birds each) were vaccinated with live attenuated NDV vaccines genotype VII and II, respectively with double doses at 5 and 19 days of age. Also, group C consisting of 20 unvaccinated birds was studied as a control group. The efficacy of live vaccines was determined using virus challenge test. Hence, all groups were challenged with velogenic NDV genotype VIId at a dose equivalent to 10 6.0 50 percent Embryo Infective Dose (EID50) via the intramuscular route at 28 days-old. Serum antibodies level was assessed by hemagglutination inhibition test. Moreover, virus shedding was measured by EID50. The obtained results indicated that vaccinated birds had similar haemagglutination titers with no significant difference prior challenge. Meanwhile, group A showed significant protection against mortality, as well as a significant reduction in virus shedding 7 days post-challenge compared to Group B. We concluded that live recombinant-genotype VII vaccine homologous to challenge virus could improve the protective efficiency in chicken against NDV compared to live classic genotype II vaccine. It is suggested that the implementation of genotype-matched NDV vaccines confer better protection in commercial broilers vaccination programs.
Advancement in vaccination of broiler chickens with genotype-matched vaccines to currently epidemic newcastle disease virus genotype VII in Egypt
Optimization of nutrient medium for Pediococcus acidilactici DS15 to produce GABA (Text)
Optimization of nutrient medium for Pediococcus acidilactici DS15 to produce GABA (Other)
J World Poult Res 9(3) 139-146, 2019.pdf
HTML Summary of #114 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Optimization of nutrient medium for Pediococcus acidilactici DS15 to produce GABA</epc:when>
Nutrition is an essential factor for microorganisms to grow and survive. Carbon and nitrogen sources are used in producing primary and secondary metabolites. Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-coded amino acid, is a secondary metabolite which acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system. Pediococcus acidilactici DS15 is a bacterium belonging to the order of Lactic Acid Bacteria. This study aimed to determine the effects of nutrients including glutamate, nitrogen and carbon sources on GABA production by Pediococcus acidilactici DS15. The tests were carried out using a range of 30 mM, 40 mM, 50 mM, 60 mM, and 70 mM glutamate as inducer and carbon sources in the form of peptone, yeast extract, skim milk, NH4NO3, KNO3, whey tofu and soy milk as nitrogen sources, and then glucose, lactose, maltosa, sucrose, palm, and cane sugar as carbon sources. The best sources of both will be tested with levels 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100% for nitrogen and 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15% for carbon. The results of this investigation revealed that the addition of 60 mM glutamate caused the higher amount of GABA production and the best source of nitrogen and carbon for Pediococcus acidilactici DS15 were 100% whey tofu and 15% palm sugar, respectively. Production rate of GABA by Pediococcus acidilactici DS15 could reach up to 311,485 mg / L.
Optimization of nutrient medium for Pediococcus acidilactici DS15 to produce GABA
The use of importance-performance analysis (IPA) in evaluating key attributes of Vietnam s universities (Text)
The use of importance-performance analysis (IPA) in evaluating key attributes of Vietnam s universities (Other)
JEMS, 9(3) 11-15, 2019, The use of importance-performance analysis (IPA).pdf
HTML Summary of #1013 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The use of importance-performance analysis (IPA) in evaluating key attributes of Vietnam s universities</epc:when>
In Vietnam, administrators from tertiary education institutions consider education as a service, recognizing the importance of providing good training services to meet students’ needs and to attract student’s enrollment. The author of this research uses the IPA (importance-performance analysis) model to evaluate key university attribute criteria from the perspective of high school students who are subjected to education service and would be university students. The findings of this study are expected to help education managers in identifying strengths and weaknesses of universities in order to seek solutions to better meeting the needs of potential students.
The use of importance-performance analysis (IPA) in evaluating key attributes of Vietnam s universities
Incretin Mimetics Vildagliptin and exenatide improve pedicle skin flap survival in rats (Text)
Incretin Mimetics Vildagliptin and exenatide improve pedicle skin flap survival in rats (Other)
HTML Summary of #398 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Incretin Mimetics Vildagliptin and exenatide improve pedicle skin flap survival in rats</epc:when>
Hypoxia and tissue ischemia are the leading factors in the alteration of tissues in many pathological conditions. Prevention and reversion of the effects of local ischemia, which develops during various surgical interventions, is an actual problem of modern medicine. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of exenatide and vildagliptin on the survival rate of an isolated pedicle skin flap in sixty adults Wistar rats. Simulation of a pedicle skin graft was performed on the second day of the experiment. After anesthesia under aseptic conditions, a skin graft was cut out: isolated in a plastic bag, the edges of the skin were stitched with interrupted sutures (nylon 3/0). Rats were divided into six groups: control group, exenatide group (10 µg/kg/day subcutaneously for nine days after surgery), vildagliptin group (0.2 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for nine days after surgery) and pentoxifylline group (100 mg/kg/day intravenously, two hours before the surgical intervention). In the other two groups, glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) were administered before injection of incretin mimetics. On the third, seventh and tenth day, area of the surviving tissue was measured. Subsequently, the survival rate of the skin graft was calculated. The area of the surviving tissue in exenatide and vildagliptin group was 1.5 and 1.7 times more compared to the control group, respectively. Preliminary blockade of ATP-dependent potassium channels by glibenclamide eliminated the protective effect of exenatide and vildagliptin. The increase in the survival of ischemic tissues using exenatide and vildagliptin has been experimentally proved. The current study confirmed the important role of ATP-dependent potassium channels in dermatoprotective properties of incretin mimetics.
Incretin Mimetics Vildagliptin and exenatide improve pedicle skin flap survival in rats
Fermentation of Sargassum binderi seaweed for lowering alginate content of feed in laying hens (Text)
Fermentation of Sargassum binderi seaweed for lowering alginate content of feed in laying hens (Other)
J World Poult Res 9(3) 147-153, 2019.pdf
HTML Summary of #159 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Fermentation of Sargassum binderi seaweed for lowering alginate content of feed in laying hens</epc:when>
The object of this study was to reduce the alginate content of Sargassum binderi by fermentation of Bacillus megaterium S245 in feed of laying hens. The experiment was arranged in a factorial with completely randomized design. The first factor was different inoculum dosage (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9%), while the second factor was different fermentation period (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days), and each treatment was replicated for five times. The measurements were total dry matter, organic matter, ash, alginate, and crude protein. The results showed there were no significant effect of inoculum dosage, and interaction between inoculum dosage and fermentation period on alginate, total dry matter, organic matter, ash and crude protein content of Sargassum binderi while fermentation period reduced the alginate and total dry matter content. Fermentation period also increased the crude protein content significantly. Besides that, fermentation period didn’t effect on organic matter and ash content significantly. The fermentation of Sargassum binderi with Bacillus megaterium S245 at inoculum dosage of 1% and fermentation period of nine days was the best combination for lowering alginate content in Sargassum binderi and this treatment had positive effect on nutrient content of Sargassum binderi.
Fermentation of Sargassum binderi seaweed for lowering alginate content of feed in laying hens
Productive Characteristics and Reproductive Responses to Estrus synchronization and flushing in Abou-Delik ewes grazing in arid rangelands in Halaieb-Shalateen-Abouramad triangle of Egypt (Text)
Productive Characteristics and Reproductive Responses to Estrus synchronization and flushing in Abou-Delik ewes grazing in arid rangelands in Halaieb-Shalateen-Abouramad triangle of Egypt (Other)
HTML Summary of #429 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Productive Characteristics and Reproductive Responses to Estrus synchronization and flushing in Abou-Delik ewes grazing in arid rangelands in Halaieb-Shalateen-Abouramad triangle of Egypt</epc:when>
There are a few reports about the reproductive aspects or uses of both of flushing and estrus synchronization in Abou-Delik ewes grazing in the South Eastern zone of Egypt. Thirty-three Abou-Delik ewes were allocated to three experimental groups (n = 11 in each) to study the effects of estrus synchronization and flushing on reproductive responses and productive characteristics under arid conditions of South Eastern zone of Egypt. Group one served as control represent the system dominant in the area (without estrus synchronization and flushing ration). Ewes in group two were estrous synchronized with two doses of PGF2α, 10 days apart without flushing ration. Ewes in group three were estrous synchronized just like the second group and received 300g of barley grain/head/day as flushing meal for three weeks before the start of breeding season. All ewes were grazed Panicum turgidum (natural vegetation dominant in the area) for eight hours daily. Results showed that, the percentage of estrus exhibition in group three reached 100%, while the lowest percentage was observed in group one (81.82 %). Estrus activity signs in synchronized groups, occurred in 70 and 81.81% during the first 48 h after the second dose of PGF2α, for groups two and three respectively, compared to control group (22.22 %). The onset of estrus was earlier in synchronized groups than control group. Duration of estrus did not differ significantly. Estrus intensity in group three was higher (P< 0.05) compared to the other groups. Conception and lambing rates were 100% in group three. Third group showed the highest insignificant litter size that was 18% higher than the other groups. The overall mean of birth weight, weaning weight and average daily gain of Abou-Delik lambs were 2.91, 16.89 and 0.116 kg, respectively. There is no significantly effect on concentrations of plasma progesterone among groups. While there were significant differences between sampling periods. In conclusion, under grazing on arid rangelands conditions in the South Eastern zone of Egypt, using flushing and/or estrus synchronization can be useful to improve reproductive and productive characteristics of Abou-Delik sheep.
Productive Characteristics and Reproductive Responses to Estrus synchronization and flushing in Abou-Delik ewes grazing in arid rangelands in Halaieb-Shalateen-Abouramad triangle of Egypt
Model estimation for longitudinalbone growth based on age in male and female commercial broiler chickens (Text)
Model estimation for longitudinalbone growth based on age in male and female commercial broiler chickens (Other)
J World Poult Res 9(3) 124-132, 2019.pdf
HTML Summary of #230 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Model estimation for longitudinalbone growth based on age in male and female commercial broiler chickens</epc:when>
Longitudinal bone growth is essential to support rapid body growth in commercial broiler chickens. The present study aimed to determine which simple mathematic model is best suitable for explaining the absolute and the relative bone growth in length (expressed as a ratio of bone length to body weight) as a function of age in male and female commercial broiler chickens over the first 35 days of age. A total of 1,800 broiler chickens (900 males and 900 females) of Cobb 500, Ross 308, and Arbor Acres raised in standard commercial broiler houses were randomly selected for this study. Body weight and the lengths of backbones, third toe, shank bone, and keel bone were individually measured in all chickens at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of age. Regression analysis (with 4 simple mathematical models including linear, logarithmic, inverse, and exponential) was used to find a suitable model for estimating the absolute and the relative bone growth in length. In addition, an adjusted R2 was used to assess the model fitting. The results indicated that the absolute bone growth in length linearly increased with age. The adjusted R2 values for the linear model were 0.973, 0.937, 0.950, and 0.974 for the lengths of the backbones, third toe, shank bone, and keel bone, respectively. However, the relative bone growth in length logarithmically decreased with age. The adjusted R2 values of the logarithmic model were 0.971, 0.952, 0.957, and 0.905 for the relative length of the backbones, third toe, shank bone, and keel bone, respectively.The present investigation suggests thata linear model is a suitable model for estimating the absolute bone growth in length, but a logarithmic model is a proper model for estimating the relative bone growth in length of commercial broiler chickens.
Model estimation for longitudinalbone growth based on age in male and female commercial broiler chickens
Effect of Glutamate supplementation as a feed additive on performance of Broiler Chickens (Text)
Effect of Glutamate supplementation as a feed additive on performance of Broiler Chickens (Other)
J World Poult Res 9(3) 154-159, 2019.pdf
HTML Summary of #252 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Glutamate supplementation as a feed additive on performance of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Feed additives are ingredients that are added to the ration as growth promoters and enhancement of the immune system. Glutamate is a feed additive that improves performance by improving the quality of the small intestine and enhancing the immune system. The purpose of this study was to know the effect of including glutamate as a feed additive in improving broiler performance. The material used in this study was broiler strain MB 202 from PT Charoen Phokphand Indonesia as many as 240 birds. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) trial design, with six treatments and four replications, so that there were 24 cage plots as experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of 10 chickens. The Glutamate doses in groups were, A (0.4% commercial glutamate; B (0% glutamate); C (0.2% glutamate); D (0.4% glutamate); E (0.6% glutamate); F (0.8% glutamate). The results indicated that glutamate up to 0.8% had significant effects on feed intake body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (1.70%), but it did not affect the percentage of carcass. It is concluded that including the 0.8% glutamate in broiler disets can improve broiler performance with 35 days of maintenance.
Effect of Glutamate supplementation as a feed additive on performance of Broiler Chickens
Uses of single dose dependent and relative potency assays for evaluation of inactivated Fowl Cholera Vaccine (Text)
Uses of single dose dependent and relative potency assays for evaluation of inactivated Fowl Cholera Vaccine (Other)
J World Poult Res 9(3) 133-138, 2019.pdf
HTML Summary of #311 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Uses of single dose dependent and relative potency assays for evaluation of inactivated Fowl Cholera Vaccine</epc:when>
Fowl cholera is a septicemic respiratory complex caused by Pasteurella multocida, widely distributed in poultry and other avian species and of major economic importance. A total of 37 different inactivated Pasteurella multocida vaccines from different sources either locally prepared or imported from different sources were comparatively tested for relative potency following both single dose and booster dose vaccination assays. The study objective was to minimize the time factor exhausted in the evaluation processes of the inactivated fowl cholera vaccines. So it is planned to compare between single and booster dose vaccinations and their related potency. Correlation between protection associated with the single dose and booster dose vaccination were evaluated and average requirement for protection was 43.7% in single dose vaccination assay compared to 76.2 % associated with booster dose vaccination assay. In the same concern, the correlation between both assays for the seroconversion was estimated using ELISA and the minimum requirement was 1.8× cut off value in the single dose vaccination assay compared to 2.25× cut off value in the booster dose vaccination assay. In conclusion, single dose vaccination assay could be valuable in the evaluation of inactivated fowl cholera vaccines through determination of protection indices and/or estimation of humoral immune response if the above mentioned data is considered.
Uses of single dose dependent and relative potency assays for evaluation of inactivated Fowl Cholera Vaccine
Microalgae biomass application in commercial broilers nutrition and their efficacy against challenge with epidemic newcastle disease virus in Egypt (Text)
Microalgae biomass application in commercial broilers nutrition and their efficacy against challenge with epidemic newcastle disease virus in Egypt (Other)
HTML Summary of #86 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Microalgae biomass application in commercial broilers nutrition and their efficacy against challenge with epidemic newcastle disease virus in Egypt</epc:when>
Using microalgal biomass in animal diets has been studied recently. Many species of cultivated algae were found effective in maintaining animal growth performance, and in improving body weight. Using of microalgae collected from high rate algal ponds (HRAP) as a feed additive to broilers ration was studied. One hundred and twenty broiler chicks were divided into 6 groups of 20 birds, three of them have fed on balanced broiler ration supplied with 1% weight per weight (W/W) of microalgae biomass and have variable vaccination schemes of live attenuated and inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines genotype II or either non-vaccinated control. In addition, the other 3 groups have fed on free microalgae biomass balanced ration with the same vaccination treatment. Furthermore, weight gain, antibody response, mortalities, viral shedding and normal viability of chickens were estimated in order to assess the efficiency of microalgae as a feed additive. The results showed that the microalgae have no hazard effect on feed and water intake as well as enhanced viability of chickens. And in regards to immune function and body weight, they have similar effect with the free microalgae groups in normal serological response and viral shedding post vaccination with NDV vaccines as well as similar protection rate and body weight gain. In conclusion, microalgae can be used in broiler ration with no deleterious effect on growth rate, weight gain, poultry viability and immune response. In conclusion dried microalgal biomass harvested from HRAP can be used in broiler ration with no deleterious effect on growth rate, weight gain, poultry viability and immune response. Furthermore, future studies should be applied with increasing microalgae percent in poultry feed up to 5, 10 or 20% (W/W) in order to assess better performance on poultry production.
Microalgae biomass application in commercial broilers nutrition and their efficacy against challenge with epidemic newcastle disease virus in Egypt
Evaluation of dietary medicinal plants and algae in laying Japanese quails (Text)
Evaluation of dietary medicinal plants and algae in laying Japanese quails (Other)
HTML Summary of #205 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Evaluation of dietary medicinal plants and algae in laying Japanese quails</epc:when>
The current study was conducted to examine the influences of Sargassam cristafolium, Gracilaria pulvinata, Rhus coriaria, and Punica granatum peel dried powder in two levels (10 and 20gr/kg) of dietary on productive performance and some egg quality characteristics of laying Japanese quail. A total of 675 (49 days old) Japanese quail were randomly distributed into nine groups with three replicates of 25 birds in each. Results showed that egg weight, shell weight, albumen weight and shell thickness were not influenced by treatments. The effects of medicinal plants on weekly egg production differ depending on the dietary medicinal plant type and dosage. Moreover, the birds fed diet supplemented with Sargassum cristaefolium at 10g/kg had greater weekly egg production compared to others. Haugh unit was reduced by diet supplemented with R. coriaria. Diet supplemented with S. cristaefolium at 20 g/kg increased yolk weight. Furthermore, greater albumen protein and thiobarbituric acid content of the tenth day’s eggs (TBAd10) were perceived in birds fed diet supplemented with G. pulvinata. In present study, the lowest levels of cholesterol (9.66 mg/g) was determined in the egg yolk of groups R. coriaria and G. pulvinata, and the control group showed to have the most amounts (12.00 mg/g). Based on obtained data, addition of 0.5% and 2% of S. cristafolium, G. pulvinata, R. coriaria, and P. granatum peel to the diet lead to be progress in egg production rate, enhanced the egg quality and egg biochemical properties in Japanese quail.
Evaluation of dietary medicinal plants and algae in laying Japanese quails
Fatty acid composition of female Turkey muscles in Kazakhstan (Text)
Fatty acid composition of female Turkey muscles in Kazakhstan (Other)
HTML Summary of #221 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Fatty acid composition of female Turkey muscles in Kazakhstan</epc:when>
This paper aimed to study the fatty acid composition of turkey meat. Red and white turkey meat were sampled from the local markets of Semey city, republic of Kazakhstan. The proximate composition showed a significant difference in the fat content of red and white meat. The fatty acid composition of turkey meat was as follows: saturated fatty acids 50.67% in white and 52.64% in red meat; monounsaturated fatty acids 28.07% in white and 23.79% in red meat; polyunsaturated fatty acids 21.26% in white and 23.57% in red meat. Palmitic and pentadecanoic are the major saturated fatty acids, where the oleic and linoleic acids are in a large amount in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively.
Fatty acid composition of female Turkey muscles in Kazakhstan
Effect of different bedding materials on the hematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens (Text)
Effect of different bedding materials on the hematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #228 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of different bedding materials on the hematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens</epc:when>
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of different bedding materials on the, hematological and serum biochemical parameters of the broiler chickens. A completely randomized design was employed for the research in which the treatment were five bedding materials (rice hulls, groundnut hulls, wood shaving, sharp sand and control). The treatments were replicated three times each with ten birds in each experimental unit. The birds were brooded for two weeks before the experiment begin. The blood samples were collected at day 56 of experiment for hematological and serum biochemical analysis. There was no significant difference in the glucose, serum total protein, globulin, calcium, sodium, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, and serum alanine transferase, but there was a significant difference in serum cholesterol, albumin, bicarbonate and serum aspartate transferase within the groups. The findings also indicated in the hematological parameters that bedding materials caused significant difference in the hemoglobin content, white blood cell count and mean corpuscular hemoglobin, but no significant differences in the other parameters (Heterophils, monocytes, basophils, lymphocytes, mean cell volume and packed cell volume) were seen. The results suggested that rice, hulls, groundnut hulls and sharp sand can serve appropriately as bedding materials for broiler production, with compatible effects on serum biochemical and hematological parameters.
Effect of different bedding materials on the hematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens
Recent update: Effects of aflatoxin in broiler chickens (Text)
Recent update: Effects of aflatoxin in broiler chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #235 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Recent update: Effects of aflatoxin in broiler chickens</epc:when>
Aflatoxin is a worldwide problem in poultry industries as it is known to contaminate poultry feed. Aflatoxin induces stress and increases mortality rate during infection in poultry, especially broiler chickens. The objectives of this study was to observe the pathological effects due to aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens. A total of 120 chickens were divided into four groups, group A fed with a basal diet without aflatoxin contamination, group B with aflatoxin (> 1 ppb 51 ppb 101 ppb < 150 ppb). The data were collected and analysed on day 7, 14, and 21. The results showed that diet with high aflatoxin contamination in group D impaired the physical and laboratory performances of the chickens, increased the risk of residue in the poultry’s final products. The varying doses of aflatoxin contamination in the chicken feed causes the problems on the broiler chickens with different level of severity.
Recent update: Effects of aflatoxin in broiler chickens
Different Techniques being followed by the Respondents for Stress Management by the KVK Functionaries in Odisha (Text)
Different Techniques being followed by the Respondents for Stress Management by the KVK Functionaries in Odisha (Other)
JEMS 9(2) 06-10, 2019, Different Techniques being.pdf
HTML Summary of #1012 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Different Techniques being followed by the Respondents for Stress Management by the KVK Functionaries in Odisha</epc:when>
Stress in general and occupational stress in particular has become the topics of discussion for the past several decades all over the world. As the agricultural sector by its very nature is a risk business, the attention given to agricultural workers in the national level in general and state level in particular as far stress and its management aspects are considered is minimal. This study research Different Techniques being followed by the Respondents for Stress Management by the KVK Functionaries in Odisha therefore, explored the situation of the Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK) functionaries as far as stress and its management aspects are considered. Stress levels of functionaries, sources of stress, consequences of stress, and coping mechanism to stress were studied. Random sampling was employed to select the sample of 16 KVKs from the overall 33 KVKs under ‘Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology. Taking the small human resource capacity of the KVKs during the study time in to consideration, total enumeration (census method) was used for data collection. Finally, a total of 80 respondents were picked as sample respondents. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from the sample respondents using mailed questionnaire. Regarding the stress management techniques being followed by the sample respondents, it was indicated that time management techniques, physical exercise (prayer and listen to music) and social support were the stress copying mechanism the functionaries were using to minimize their stress. Generally the result of this study indicates that stress management aspect is complex issues which should be handled by both the individuals and the organizations properly in reference to the suggested model by the scholar.
Different Techniques being followed by the Respondents for Stress Management by the KVK Functionaries in Odisha
Effects of feeding different levels of baker's yeast on performance and hematological parameters in broiler chickens (Text)
Effects of feeding different levels of baker's yeast on performance and hematological parameters in broiler chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #264 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of feeding different levels of baker's yeast on performance and hematological parameters in broiler chickens</epc:when>
The effects of feeding baker’s yeast performance of Cobb 500 broilers were studied. Four nearly isocaloric and isonitrogenous starter and finisher rations were prepared. 240 chicks with an average initial body weight of 42g were randomly divided into 12 groups contained 4 treatments with 3 replications for each treatment. Treatment rations were containing 0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5% of baker’s yeast as T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. At the end of the trial, 3 males and 3 female chickens from each replication were slaughtered for carcass evaluation. The Crude Protein (CP) and Metabolizable Energy (ME) contents of baker’s yeast were 48% and 3615 kcal/kg DM, respectively. The CP content of the rations during the starter and finisher phases were 22% and 20%, respectively. The ME content of the rations during the starter and finisher phases were 3100 kcal/kg and 3200 kcal/kg respectively. Feed intake during the starter phase and entire trial period was lower for T4, whereas during the finisher phase in control diet group showed the highest feed intake than the other supplemental groups. The highest daily body weight gain was recorded in broilers fed T4 rations during starter phase, finisher phase and entire experimental period. Feed conversion ratio of T4 and T3 groups was better than T2 and T1. T3 and T4 groups had higher eviscerated percentages. Blood parameters results showed that fed broilers yeast containing ration had higher WBC, PCV and Hb. Partial budget analysis indicated that the highest net income, marginal rate of return and chicks’ sale to feed cost were obtained for T3 followed by T4. Baker’s yeast can be an important feed additive, which can be included up to 2.5% of the total ration and improve the overall performance of broilers without compromising the hematological indices of broiler chickens.
Effects of feeding different levels of baker's yeast on performance and hematological parameters in broiler chickens
The characterization of post-mortem sperm of local chicken cocks in Eastern Algeria (Text)
The characterization of post-mortem sperm of local chicken cocks in Eastern Algeria (Other)
HTML Summary of #284 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The characterization of post-mortem sperm of local chicken cocks in Eastern Algeria</epc:when>
The present aimed to investigate for the first time the characteristics and conservation of post-mortem sperm, obtained from epididymis and the vas deferens of 18 pairs of adult local chicken cocks from the east of Algeria (age, 12-24 months, body weight 1.50-2.53 kg). And compare the sperm quality at the epididymis and the vas deferens levels, the efficacy of two post-mortem sperm retrieval techniques, the flushing and float-out methods in the collection of local chicken cock’s sperm, and the effects of conservation in situ at different temperatures (2h and 24h at 20°C and after refrigeration at 4°C for 24h). The quality was significantly higher (0.13±0.05ml vs 0.72±0.12ml) in the vas deferens compared to the epididymis, whereas spermatozoa abnormalities and chromatin quality did not differ in both the epididymis and vas deferens. No significant difference was observed between the flushing and float-out methods. Concentration (3.33±1.63 million sperm vs 1.75±0.76 million sperm), initial motility (77.50±6.89% vs 75.83±8.61%), viability (75±10.39% vs 74.67±10.15%) and abnormality (30.33±4.68% vs 30.33±4.68%), only the volume was significantly higher (0.72±0.12ml vs 0.17±0.08ml). However, the effects of conservation in situ, at 25°C and 4°C for 24h, showed a significant difference for viability and motility of the spermatozoa recovered from vas deferens, and no significant difference for abnormality and acrosome integrity. Therefore, it can be concluded that good quality semen samples can be collected from the vas deferens with the flushing method, and semen of Algerian local cocks can be preserved at 20°C for 24h.
The characterization of post-mortem sperm of local chicken cocks in Eastern Algeria
Effect of early heat shock exposure on physiological responses and reproduction of rabbits under hot desert conditions (Text)
Effect of early heat shock exposure on physiological responses and reproduction of rabbits under hot desert conditions (Other)
HTML Summary of #310 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of early heat shock exposure on physiological responses and reproduction of rabbits under hot desert conditions</epc:when>
This study aimed to apply early heat shock exposure programs for releasing HSP70 gene expression to improve production of rabbits reared under hot desert conditions at Egypt. 120 Hi-Plus rabbits, one-day old were randomly divided into six equal treatments (20 rabbits/ treatment), namely T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6. T1 served as control. The rabbits of second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth treatments were exposed to heat shock (36±1 °C for 3 hours from 12:00 - 15:00 for three successive days). Rabbits of T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 were exposed to heat shock at 3, 25, 60, 3+25 and 3+25+60 days of age, respectively. HSP70 expression and tri-iodothyronine hormone in the rabbits of T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 were significantly increased. Rectal and fur temperatures, respiration rate, alanine transaminase, corticosterone hormone levels and overall mortality rate significantly decreased in the rabbits exposed to heat shock programs. Red blood cells count, packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration increased in the rabbits of T2, T3 and T4. Total protein and globulin concentrations increased in the rabbits of T5 when compared to the rabbits of T1, T2 and T6. However, rabbits of T2 and T4 showed an increase in total antioxidant capacity when compared to the rabbits of T1. Conception rate was higher in the does of T5 than that in T3, T4 and T6. Litter traits, productive efficiency index, feed conversion and cost of feeding improved in the rabbits exposed to heat shock programs. In conclusion, applying heat shock exposure programs of rabbits especially T3 treatment, might increase HSP70 gene expression, this led to enhance immunity responses and production under severe heat stress conditions.
Effect of early heat shock exposure on physiological responses and reproduction of rabbits under hot desert conditions
Influence of treated orange pulp on growth performance, nutrients digestibility and plasma constituents of rabbits (Text)
Influence of treated orange pulp on growth performance, nutrients digestibility and plasma constituents of rabbits (Other)
HTML Summary of #326 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Influence of treated orange pulp on growth performance, nutrients digestibility and plasma constituents of rabbits</epc:when>
The current study investigated the effect of replacement of Untreated Orange Pulp (UOP) and Treated Orange Pulp (TOP) protein by basal diet protein on growth performance, digestion coefficients, some blood constitute of rabbits and economic efficiency of growing rabbit diets. Sixty cross bread (New Zealand White, NZW X California), six weeks of age with live body weight ranging from 729.20 to 738.30g were divided to five experimental groups. The experimental diets were T1, control diet without OP; T2, 5%UOP; T3, 5% TOP; T4, 10%UOP and T5, 10%TOP. The results indicated that TOP by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast increased content of the crude protein (%) and digestible energy (Kcal/kg). The best Final Body Weight (FBW, g), Body Weight Gain (BWG, g/R/day) and feed conversion ratio recorded in 5%TOP group. Digestion coefficient of Crude Protein and Digestible Crude Protein (DCP%) were significantly (P˂ 0.05) increased in rabbits fed low replacement level of OP (5% UOP and 5%TOP). Total lipid of plasma was significantly differences (P˂ 0.05) in groups fed experimental diets compared to control group. Liver function was significantly affected by experimental diets, yeast treatment and replacement level of OP. Best economic efficiency observed with 10%UOP followed by 5%TOP. It was concluded that rabbit group fed 5%TOP recorded a better performance, best digestibility for CP%, DCP and economic efficiency. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast treatment didn't effect on digestibility and nutritive value of growing rabbits.
Influence of treated orange pulp on growth performance, nutrients digestibility and plasma constituents of rabbits
A review on the role of lipid in selected apicomplexan, anaerobic, kinetoplastid and intestinal parasitic infections (Text)
A review on the role of lipid in selected apicomplexan, anaerobic, kinetoplastid and intestinal parasitic infections (Other)
HTML Summary of #340 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A review on the role of lipid in selected apicomplexan, anaerobic, kinetoplastid and intestinal parasitic infections</epc:when>
Lipids are a diverse class of biomolecules that play a major role as energy source, membrane components and cellular signaling molecules. Because of the variation in modes of life, different parasites can partly or fully utilized significant amount lipids during infection. The aims of this paper were to provide an overview to the role of lipids in selected apicomplexan, anaerobic, kinetoplastid and intestinal parasitic infections. Lipid particles are fundamentally engaged in host-pathogen interactions like cell signaling and immunity. As a sources of eicosanoid production, they are involved in different aspects of innate signaling and antigen presentation for the host organism. For the pathogen, lipid droplets also employed to facilitate attachment, empowering pathogenesis and used to subvert host metabolism as ways of immune evasion. The apicomplexan parasites utilized lipid particles for various purpose including changing permeability and fragility of host cells, support the insertion of parasite into the host cell membrane, and promote growth, invasion and optimal replication of the organism. In anaerobic groups of parasites, the lipid plays a considerable role as growth promoter, increasing virulence, facilitate encystation and vesicle formation as well as initiation of immune system and maturation of dendritic cells. Kinetoplastid also engaged in the uptake of essential lipid particles to produce more complex lipids, develop protective mechanisms against host innate and adaptive immunity and support pathogen survival. The lipid bodies also utilized by the intestinal parasites for disease pathogenesis, differentiation and survival of larvae in the host tissue. This review showed that the different in vivo and in vitro studies indicated that lipids have different role in different stage of the parasites infection. The associations between parasites and the lipids were observed during the attachment, invasion and other stages of parasitic infection. So far, evidences in lipid profile alteration related to different parasitic infection suggested that parasites are able to remodel/metabolize host lipids during the overall pathogenesis of parasitic infection.
A review on the role of lipid in selected apicomplexan, anaerobic, kinetoplastid and intestinal parasitic infections
Indigenous forms and materials in Nigerian painting (Text)
Indigenous forms and materials in Nigerian painting (Other)
HTML Summary of #1042 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Indigenous forms and materials in Nigerian painting</epc:when>
Paintings in Nigeria are characterized with various indigenous forms and materials which differentiate it from its counterpart all over the world. Over the years, there have been issues of identifying what makes Nigeria painting in form and content. However, this paper focuses on the highlight of the indigenous forms in Nigeria painting with a view of bringing into bear what constitutes pattern of forms from different geographical sphere of Nigeria. This paper observes the traditional symbols and elements that are found in indigenous Nigeria art forms that are used for the purposes of ethnic identification in Modern Nigeria painting. The study established that there is a wide range of regional artistic forms that are indigenous to Nigerian culture. In traditional paintings in Nigeria, all these regional forms are reflected in our works which the materials are locally sourced.
Indigenous forms and materials in Nigerian painting
The role of modern building materials in reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution (Text)
The role of modern building materials in reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution (Other)
HTML Summary of #1041 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The role of modern building materials in reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution</epc:when>
In today's life, human population growth is accompanied by an increase in fossil fuel consumption, which is a major source of conservation in nature. Energy conservation is one of the principles of sustainable architecture in which the architect is required to design the building in such a way as to meet the building's requirements Fossil fuels are minimized, but since the need for unconditional comfort and convenience has led to a growing need for energy in the domestic and industrial sectors, architects and designers of the building have taken it to meet this need and in parallel It considers the protection of the environment and fossil fuels. Today, human beings are pushing for better solutions and better solutions. For optimal use of energy, the use of intelligent building materials and materials in today's buildings is a timely response to changes that make the building more durable and enhances. It is possible that the discovery of intelligent materials is practical for architects to use this material, which is the most important advantage. They are encouraging the optimization and intelligent management of energy. The object of the study is to investigate the present research through objective observation. In fact, research has been conducted on the basis of a rational method and an analysis and description of the achievement of the research objectives. The method and method used are the research of the library method and the examination of written documents.
The role of modern building materials in reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution
The Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Probiotics on Growth and Intestinal Morphology of Broiler Chickens (Text)
The Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Probiotics on Growth and Intestinal Morphology of Broiler Chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #201 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Probiotics on Growth and Intestinal Morphology of Broiler Chickens</epc:when>
Probiotics are currently under investing the most valuable substances alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry breeding practice. This research was performed to evaluate the effect of supplementing broiler drinking water with probiotics (Pediococcus acidilactici and Bacillus subtilis) at a concentration of ≥108 CFU/ml during 42 days of feeding period on growth performance and gut health. A total of 144 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (mixed gender) with an average initial BW of 42.3 g were used. The chicks were allotted to pens with 12 birds per pen and six replications per treatment with food and water provided ad libitum. Feed intake of Probiotic group was 4134 g, 338 g less than that of control group. Live weight of probiotic group was 2537 g and a 113 g more than that of control group. The feed conversion ratio of probiotic group was 1.61, 0.22 less than that of control group. The crypt depth of probiotic group (1110.46 ± 224.016 µm) was statistically deeper than that of control group (949.39 ± 114.166 µm) in ileum. Continuously use of probiotics in drinking water of commercial poultry flocks appears to be alternative to AGPs. The results of this study provide a greater understanding of the impact of long-life use of probiotics on broiler health and growth performances.
The Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Probiotics on Growth and Intestinal Morphology of Broiler Chickens
The relationship between distributed leadership and teachers organizational commitment in Guangzhou city, China (Text)
The relationship between distributed leadership and teachers organizational commitment in Guangzhou city, China (Other)
HTML Summary of #1011 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The relationship between distributed leadership and teachers organizational commitment in Guangzhou city, China</epc:when>
Since teachers and school leaders can establish cooperation and interaction to improve student performance, distributed leadership becomes a practical necessity of the education system. Study on distributed leadership is still in its infancy and needs to be improved. This study aimed to determine the relationship between distributed leadership and teachers’ organizational commitment based on secondary schools in Baiyun district in Guangzhou city, China. This study conducted using the quantitative survey approach. The respondents for study, who comprised of 98 teachers, were selected through random sampling from 2 secondary schools. The data of the study has been collected by using 22 items of Distributed Leadership Inventory which was developed by Hulpia et al. (2009), and 15 items of Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) which was developed by Mowday (1979). The data analysis using Descriptive Statistics, Independent Sample t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation with SPSS version 22. According to the findings of the study, there were no differences between gender and teaching work experience towards organizational commitment. In addition, there was a positive relationship between school distributed leadership and teachers’ organizational commitment. Besides, school principals’ distributed leadership significantly predict teachers’ organizational commitment. According to these findings, it is recommended that school leaders, in addition to sharing the clear vision, should also conduct decentralized leadership for teachers, regardless of gender or teaching work experience.
The relationship between distributed leadership and teachers organizational commitment in Guangzhou city, China
Shoruok Mohammed Farag Mohammed Aboudahr
Haematological, Serum Biochemical and Histological Responses of Cockerels to Long Term Consumption of Telfairia occidentalis Leaves Extract (Text)
Haematological, Serum Biochemical and Histological Responses of Cockerels to Long Term Consumption of Telfairia occidentalis Leaves Extract (Other)
HTML Summary of #282 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Haematological, Serum Biochemical and Histological Responses of Cockerels to Long Term Consumption of Telfairia occidentalis Leaves Extract</epc:when>
Haematological, serum biochemical and haematological histological responses were studied in cockerels undergoing a long-term supplementation with Telfairia occidentalis Leave Extract (TOLE). Haematological and serum biochemical parameters investigated included haemoblobin, white blood cells, red blood cells, lymphocytes, heterophils, monocytes, eosinophils, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, aspartate amino transferase and triglyceride. Histological changes associated with Telfairia occidentalis leaves extract on the kidney, liver, spleen and testes were also examined. Result showed that birds on TOLE has higher values for most of the haematological parameters studied which were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the control. Also the total protein, globulin and alanine aminotransferase were significant (P < 0.05) for birds on TOLE having higher values while for triglycerides birds on the control treatment had the higher values which was significant. There were no significant changes in the albumin and aspayrtate aminotransferase. Histological changes showed mild to severe congestion in the spleen and testes of birds that received 120 and 150mL TOLE/L of water that also showed reduced germinal epithelium height and sloughing of the germinal epithelium respectively. Long term supplementation of TOLE for cockerel production should not exceed 60mL of TOLE per liter of water as the administration in excess of this can bring about tissue breakdown and reduced fertility. Animals suffering from blood loss can benefit from the administration of fluted pumpkin leaves extract as the extract increased erythron production.
Haematological, Serum Biochemical and Histological Responses of Cockerels to Long Term Consumption of Telfairia occidentalis Leaves Extract
Mixed mammary carcinosarcoma in domesticated Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) (Text)
Mixed mammary carcinosarcoma in domesticated Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) (Other)
HTML Summary of #289 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Mixed mammary carcinosarcoma in domesticated Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus)</epc:when>
A female Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), three years old was carried for a medical checkup to Ruddy animal's clinic in Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. The civet suffers enlargement of abdominal mammary glands, painless lump, asymmetric size (4.1 and 8.4 cm in diameter), and lacerated wound on the large one with severe haemorrhage. The unilateral mastectomy was conducted under anaesthesia to handles both haemorrhage and tumour mass. Following the surgery, the tumour mass was stored in 10% neutral buffer formalin for histopathology using Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry against antibody, anti-CD4+ and CD8+, further, a blood sample collected before and after surgery (on days: 0, 7, 30, and 60) for representing the healing progress. The chemotherapy was given using the combination of oral cyclophosphamide and intravenous injection of vincristine. According to laboratory results, the final diagnosis was mixed mammary carcinosarcoma with minimal expression of CD8+, notwithstanding, it showed the better prognosis after surgery and chemotherapy.
Mixed mammary carcinosarcoma in domesticated Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus)
A review on fungal fermented cassava pulp as a cheap alternative feedstuff in poultry ration (Text)
A review on fungal fermented cassava pulp as a cheap alternative feedstuff in poultry ration (Other)
HTML Summary of #325 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A review on fungal fermented cassava pulp as a cheap alternative feedstuff in poultry ration</epc:when>
In order to reduce the production cost, cassava pulp has been incorporated in chicken diets as an energy source. However, the use of such agro-industrial by-product may be confined by its higher fibre and lower protein contents. Improving the nutritional characteristics (lowering fibre and increasing protein content) through fungal solid state fermentation may be conducted to increase the inclusion level of cassava pulp in chicken rations. Apart from an energy source, fungal fermented cassava pulp (FCP) may also exert a beneficial effect on intestinal health of chickens, although further studies are needed to explore the functional benefit of FCP on chicken health.
A review on fungal fermented cassava pulp as a cheap alternative feedstuff in poultry ration
Identification of locally isolated clostridium difficile from rabbits (Text)
Identification of locally isolated clostridium difficile from rabbits (Other)
HTML Summary of #331 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Identification of locally isolated clostridium difficile from rabbits</epc:when>
Clostridium difficile is one of the most important pathogens causing diarrhea and enteritis in rabbits as it causes pseudomembranous colitis that leads to intestinal damage and deaths. In this study, screening of rabbit farms from different localities in Egypt had shown rabbits suffered from diarrhea and enteritis to detect Clostridium difficile by ELISA, it revealed that five out of 50 samples (10%) were positive for it. These samples were further identification by cultivation and culture characters, microscopical examination, agglutination test, pathogenicity test and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) by using specific primers for toxins genes (tcdA and tcdB). The results showing that three out of five isolates were confirmed as Clostridium difficile and concluded that these isolates causing pseudomembranous enterocolitis in rabbits and this disease unable to be treated by antibiotics, so it used for preparation of vaccine against the disease in rabbits.
Identification of locally isolated clostridium difficile from rabbits
Effect of environmental heat stress on performance and carcass yield of broiler chicks (Text)
Effect of environmental heat stress on performance and carcass yield of broiler chicks (Other)
HTML Summary of #342 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of environmental heat stress on performance and carcass yield of broiler chicks</epc:when>
Environmental heat stress is one of the most challenging conditions which have adverse effect on the poultry industry. Broiler chickens are sensitive to heat stress mainly due to not having sweat glands. The current study was conducted to observe the effect of heat stress on performance of Ross-308 broiler chickens. 1600 Ross-308 broiler day old chicks were obtained from local hatchery and randomly divided into two groups, the heat stress group A (n = 800) and heat free group B (n = 800). Group A was reared in high temperature (1010F) whereas group B was reared in ideal temperature. To evaluate the physiological stress indicators blood glucose levels and total blood cell count were checked on day 21 and 28. The parameters observed were; feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, water intake and carcass yield. The results indicated that feed intake, weight gain, water intake, feed conversion ratio and carcass yield were significantly higher in group B compared to group A. It was concluded that heat stress has deleterious effect over the performance of broiler Ross-308 chicken.
Effect of environmental heat stress on performance and carcass yield of broiler chicks
Successful surgical management of corneo-conjunctival dermoid cyst with bilateral nasal choristoma in a Red Kandhari calf (Text)
Successful surgical management of corneo-conjunctival dermoid cyst with bilateral nasal choristoma in a Red Kandhari calf (Other)
HTML Summary of #358 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Successful surgical management of corneo-conjunctival dermoid cyst with bilateral nasal choristoma in a Red Kandhari calf</epc:when>
An old Red Kandhari calf presented at teaching veterinary clinical complex, veterinary college Parbhani with corneo-conjunctival haired masses on the left eye and bilateral nasal growth at nasolabial planum since birth. As the mass was completely covering on cornea due to which vision was hindered completely after physical examination and considering the health status of the calf the surgery was scheduled. The masses were surgically excised from the cornea and bulbar conjunctiva of eye and the left and right side of the dorsomedial nasolabial planum. Then the eye was flushed with normal saline and the tissue of both corneo-conjunctival and nasal were stored in 10% formalin later histopathology of the excised tissue confirmed as a unilateral corneoc-onjunctival dermoid with ectopic lacrimal glands and bilateral nasal choristomas with loose stroma and hair follicle. Two months of follow up was done where there was no reoccurrence of the growth observed. Surgery was curative and healing was uneventful.
Successful surgical management of corneo-conjunctival dermoid cyst with bilateral nasal choristoma in a Red Kandhari calf
Comparison of three lines of Japanese quails revealed a remarkable role of plumage color in the productivity performance determination (Text)
Comparison of three lines of Japanese quails revealed a remarkable role of plumage color in the productivity performance determination (Other)
J World Poult Res 8(4) 111-119, 2018.pdf
HTML Summary of #104 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Comparison of three lines of Japanese quails revealed a remarkable role of plumage color in the productivity performance determination</epc:when>
The study was conducted to compare body weight, egg, and carcass characteristics, as well as several biochemical parameters amongst three lines of plumage color of quails, including, black, white, and brown (n= 200 each). Body weight was analyzed on a weekly basis throughout the study period (third– 13th week of age). Eggs were collected for seven consecutive weeks of sexual maturity (seventh – 13th week of age). In addition to egg quality measurements, 16 serum biochemical parameters were also determined. The brown line had exerted significantly higher values of body weight in most analyzed weeks of sexual maturity. It had given higher values of albumen height and shell thickness, as well as carcass dressing than other lines. Simultaneously, a significantly high number of eggs in the white line were observed in the most analyzed weeks. Besides, it had given higher values in terms of shell and yolk weights, as well as several carcass characteristics, such as the heart, thigh, breast, and back. The biochemical analyses had shown no significant differences amongst the analyzed populations with exception of a higher concentration of amylase in the brown line. In conclusion, our study revealed the presence of a clear superiority of the brown and white lines in terms of the meat and egg productivity, respectively. Therefore, we recommend breeders to raise brown and white lines for a better production of meat and eggs, respectively, whereas the black line has shown the least productive characteristics than other two lines throughout the study period.
Comparison of three lines of Japanese quails revealed a remarkable role of plumage color in the productivity performance determination
Survey of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) and its reoccurring threat: A brief review on different quails worldwide (Text)
Survey of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) and its reoccurring threat: A brief review on different quails worldwide (Other)
HTML Summary of #119 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Survey of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) and its reoccurring threat: A brief review on different quails worldwide</epc:when>
This Review aims to understand the present status of influenza viruses and its epidemiology. The first case in India has been reported in the Dasarahalli village near Bangalore after six months of India’s declaration that it is free from H5N1 and H5N8 from world organization for animal health. The recent controversy regarding outbreaks and cross-species barrier resulted in highly contagious infection with fatal outcomes, triggered menace all over India with remarkable economic consequences. Thus, we had reviewed epidemiology, virology, surveillance, transmission, detection, treatment and associated control measures to depict the current perspective of Influenza epidemic. We also studied different Quails and its comprehensive portal susceptible to influenza and in-depth genetic characterization of virus due to new viral mutant causing host-virus complications, virus mutation, and vaccination with its prompt administration as it is the urgency of the era. Addressing aspects of the epidemiology of the H5N1 and drug resistance genomic signatures infecting poultry and Humans helps to frontier our ability to minimize data gaps and maximize the better results of the available H5N1 studies.
Survey of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) and its reoccurring threat: A brief review on different quails worldwide
Antibiotics resistance in broiler chicken from the farm to the table in eastern Algeria (Text)
Antibiotics resistance in broiler chicken from the farm to the table in eastern Algeria (Other)
HTML Summary of #133 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Antibiotics resistance in broiler chicken from the farm to the table in eastern Algeria</epc:when>
A survey was carried out to collect information on the place of chicken meat in the feed ration of families. It aims at assessing the occurrence of diseases, the method of their diagnosis, the commonly used antibiotics in poultry farms and their impact on the health of humans in the North-Eastern region of Algeria. The survey was based on a questionnaire that was sent to 102 families, 50 poultry farmers and 30 veterinary practitioners in the poultry sector in the region. Our investigation has revealed that the Algerian families’ consumption of chicken meat is the highest (85,3 %) compared with the other types of meats. As to the surveyed poultry farmers, the investigation has shown that most of them do not apply the residue disposal waiting times (70%). Concerning the surveyed veterinary practitioners, the investigation has, on the one hand, revealed that the cases of failure of antibiotic therapy are very common (96%), they primarily are due to the development of antibioresistance. It has, on the other hand, shown that veterinarians have become only drug distributors. These investigations have shown that there is a great lack of health monitoring, and a lack of quality of white meat. It has also been noted that there is a massive use of antibiotics and a dominance of anarchic use of veterinary drugs.
Antibiotics resistance in broiler chicken from the farm to the table in eastern Algeria
Effect of vitamin E on the prevention of peritoneal adhesions in sheep (Text)
Effect of vitamin E on the prevention of peritoneal adhesions in sheep (Other)
HTML Summary of #391 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of vitamin E on the prevention of peritoneal adhesions in sheep</epc:when>
The objective of this study was to assess vitamin E solution on the prophylaxis of intraperitoneal adhesions in ovine uterine serosal damage model with bipolar diathermy. Therefore, 19 ewes underwent laparotomy for induction of adhesions, using a uterine serosal bipolar electrocauterization model. Cauterizations were performed on the right uterine horn serosa and right ovary. Ewes were randomly divided into three groups: control group (GCT, n=5), with no treatment following electrocoagulation, another group using local rinse of 20 mL of normal saline (GNS, n=8), and the last group using local rinse of 20 mL of vitamin E injection solution (GVE, n=6). On day 21 postoperative, animals underwent laparoscopy for scoring and comparison of intraperitoneal adhesion according to frequency and number. The number of adhesions was compared among groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s post-hoc test. As results, the bipolar uterine serosal coagulation model triggered uterine adhesions in 74% (14/19) of the animals. Frequency of postoperative intraperitoneal adhesions was similar (P= 0.819) among groups (80% ewes of GCT, 62.5% of GNS and 83% of GVE). There was no significant difference between treatment groups, however, number of adhesions was lower in GVE and GNS groups than in control group (P= 0.032), showing that the addition of these kind of substances are better than not using any type of barrier to prevent the formation of intraperitoneal adhesions.
Effect of vitamin E on the prevention of peritoneal adhesions in sheep
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of brucellosis in sheep and human in four regions in Matrouh Governorate, Egypt (Text)
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of brucellosis in sheep and human in four regions in Matrouh Governorate, Egypt (Other)
HTML Summary of #403 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of brucellosis in sheep and human in four regions in Matrouh Governorate, Egypt</epc:when>
Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis that has major public health concern in Egypt. The present work was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and human in four localities in North Western region of Egypt, on basis of the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and further confirmation by complement fixation test (CFT). A total of 2471 sheep serum samples and 371 human samples were collected. The prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and human by using RBPT were 11% (272/2471) and 24.3% (90/371), respectively while by CFT were 10.56% (261/2471) and 22.91% (85/371). There was significant relationship between age and in infection rate in sheep (P< 0.01), with higher percentage of infection was indicated in age group over than 24 months by 14.19% (264/1860) followed by age group less than 24 month and over 12 months by 2.39% (8/335). On studying the relation between locality and infection rate there was no significance in human samples while in sheep it was significant (P< 0.01) with higher percentage of infection found in Siwa region by 20.30% (94/463) in sheep and in human by 27.6% (27/98). Concerning season there is highly significant relationship between season and percent of infection with Brucella, the high percent of infection found in human and sheep by 43.1% (62/144) and 16.51% (123/745) respectively and lower percent found in spring months by 8% in sheep. From our result, it is concluded that RBPT and CFT used as screening tests for detection the prevalence of species in serum samples, Brucella infection is found with high percent in north, west region of Egypt, which need further examination and studying another risk factor associated with infection and isolation of Brucella in this area.
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of brucellosis in sheep and human in four regions in Matrouh Governorate, Egypt
Effect of dried rosemary supplement as antioxidant agent on blood biochemical changes in relation to growth performance of heat- stressed crossbred (Brown Swiss × Baladi) calves (Text)
Effect of dried rosemary supplement as antioxidant agent on blood biochemical changes in relation to growth performance of heat- stressed crossbred (Brown Swiss × Baladi) calves (Other)
HTML Summary of #421 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of dried rosemary supplement as antioxidant agent on blood biochemical changes in relation to growth performance of heat- stressed crossbred (Brown Swiss × Baladi) calves</epc:when>
Heat exposure is a systemic stressor that adversely influences growth and reproductive performances in cattle. This trial aimed to study the effects of Rosemary (RM) supplementation on reducing the side effect of oxidative stress and its relation with growth performance under heat stress condition. Fifteen male calves were divided into three equal groups, the first was offered the basal diet as a control group, whereas the second and the third groups were fed the same basal diet as in control, in addition to a daily supplement of 3g and 6g dried grinded RM/kg concentrate, respectively, for a period of one month. The results showed that supplement of 3 and 6g dry grinded RM/kg concentrate led to a highly significant (P< 0.01) decrease in oxidant status and an increase in total antioxidant capacity, as well as significant (P< 0.01) declines were noted in the levels of lipids profile, kidney and liver function indicators, and iron concentration. However, RM supplemented groups showed significant (P< 0.01) elevations of feed efficiency and daily weight gain copper and triiodothyronine concentrations. In conclusion, RM improved the calves' growth performance through alleviating oxidative stress side effects under hot summer conditions to improve economic returns.
Effect of dried rosemary supplement as antioxidant agent on blood biochemical changes in relation to growth performance of heat- stressed crossbred (Brown Swiss × Baladi) calves
Biochemical alterations in hypervitaminosis D 3 in broiler chicks concomitantly challenged with endotoxin (Text)
Biochemical alterations in hypervitaminosis D 3 in broiler chicks concomitantly challenged with endotoxin (Other)
J World Poult Res 8(4) 100-104, 2018.pdf
HTML Summary of #233 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Biochemical alterations in hypervitaminosis D 3 in broiler chicks concomitantly challenged with endotoxin</epc:when>
Vitamin D3 is ten times more biologically active than vitamin D2, over supplementation of vitamin D3 causes hypercalcemia with deposition of calcium and phosphate as crystals in the visceral organs. Birds are considered more resistant to endotoxin and information on inflammation and homeostasis in birds supplemented with higher dose of vitamin D3 when suffer endotoxic shock is lacking. The present study was conducted to compare the effect on hemoglobin concentration and biochemical parameters of broiler chicks by administering toxic dose of vitamin D3 for 21 days concomitantly challenged with endotoxin. The chicks were randomly divided into four groups viz. A, B, C and D. Hemoglobin concentrations of control groups (A and B) and treatment groups (C and D) did not differ significantly (P< 0.05). Hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia was observed in both treatment groups in comparison to the control group. No significant (P< 0.05) change was observed in the concentrations of total protein and albumin and in the activity of plasma Alanine Aminotransferase, Aspartate Aminotransferase and Alkaline Phosphatase on day 28 of control (A and B) and treatment (C and D) groups. Vitamin D3 supplementation causes immunomodulation; hence acute endotoxic shock does not incite inflammatory response and disturb the homeostasis in broiler chicks.
Biochemical alterations in hypervitaminosis D 3 in broiler chicks concomitantly challenged with endotoxin
A review on potential of glutamate producing lactic acid bacteria of West Sumatera's fermented food origin, as feed additive for broiler chicken (Text)
A review on potential of glutamate producing lactic acid bacteria of West Sumatera's fermented food origin, as feed additive for broiler chicken (Other)
J World Poult Res 8(4) 120-126, 2018.pdf
HTML Summary of #251 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A review on potential of glutamate producing lactic acid bacteria of West Sumatera's fermented food origin, as feed additive for broiler chicken</epc:when>
Increasing broiler populations must be supported by cheap and high quality feed. Improving the quality of feed can be done by adding feed additives. Glutamate is a non-essential amino acid that can be used as a feed additive in the form of flavoring agents in broiler feed which functions as a neurotransmitter of taste, basic structure of proteins, and in metabolism of the body. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are one of the microbes that are considered faster and safe in producing glutamate. Fermented foods of West Sumatera, Indonesia origin serve as sources of LAB include dadih (fermented milk), asam durian (fermented durian), ikan budu (fermented fish) and tapai (fermented rice and cassava). The West Sumatra’s fermented foods are potential sources of glutamate. Supplementation of glutamate in broiler diet can increase body weight, protein digestibility, reduce faecal ammonia and improve carcass quality (improve umami taste, and reduce bruises and abdominal fat).
A review on potential of glutamate producing lactic acid bacteria of West Sumatera's fermented food origin, as feed additive for broiler chicken
Effect of combination of encapsulated black cincau leaves (Mesona Palustris BL) and probiotics on production performances, yolk cholesterol content and ammonia level of laying hen (Text)
Effect of combination of encapsulated black cincau leaves (Mesona Palustris BL) and probiotics on production performances, yolk cholesterol content and ammonia level of laying hen (Other)
J World Poult Res 8(4) 105-110, 2018.pdf
HTML Summary of #268 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of combination of encapsulated black cincau leaves (Mesona Palustris BL) and probiotics on production performances, yolk cholesterol content and ammonia level of laying hen</epc:when>
The purpose of this research was to determine addition of natural feed additives from combination of encapsulated black cincau leaves and probiotics on feed intake, feed conversion, hen day production (HDP), egg mass, income over feed cost (IOFC), egg weight, yolk cholesterol content and ammonia levels in excreta. One hundred ninety-two laying hens at 28 weeks were used in this experiment. Egg mass which used before this research was 64.63±2.97 g/ day with CV was 4.59%. The method which used was experimental of completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and six replications (eight-layers each). The treatments used were T0: basal feed; T1: basal feed + combination of encapsulated black cincau leaves and probiotics 0.5%; T2: basal feed + combination of encapsulated black cincau leaves and probiotics 1%; T3: basal feed + combination of encapsulated black cincau leaves and probiotics 1.5%. Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance, if any significant effect, it would be further tested by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The result showed that no siginficant effect (P> 0.05) on feed intake, feed conversion, HDP, egg mass, IOFC, egg weight and yolk cholesterol content, but any significant effect (P< 0.05) on ammonia level. This research concludes that using 1.5% of combination of encapsulated black cincau leaves and probiotics give better result than others.
Effect of combination of encapsulated black cincau leaves (Mesona Palustris BL) and probiotics on production performances, yolk cholesterol content and ammonia level of laying hen
Molecular survey and characterization of H5N8 isolates during 2016-2017 on Egypt (Text)
Molecular survey and characterization of H5N8 isolates during 2016-2017 on Egypt (Other)
J World Poult Res 8(4) 127-133, 2018.pdf
HTML Summary of #317 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Molecular survey and characterization of H5N8 isolates during 2016-2017 on Egypt</epc:when>
Avian influenza (AI) disease still threat poultry industry in Egypt causing great economic losses. In order to identify and characterize the agent of suggestive clinical cases of AI disease, 28 flocks showing clinical signs suspected to be due to AI infections have been investigated. By slide Haemagglutination (HA), the positive samples were 14/28 and concerning the results of real time- reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR), 2/14 samples were positive to AI H5, 7/14 to New castle disease virus (NDV), 1/14 to H9 and 4/14 co-infected (2 samples had NDV + AI H5 and others had NDV + AI H9). These positive PCR samples were subjected to further characterization by genotyping and sequencing analysis. The two isolated of H5 AI strain were classified to H5N8 which, related to Russian strains (clade 2.3.4.4) and the genetic analysis approved little relationship between these two H5N8 strain and the commercial AI vaccines with percent (80- 91.7%). So, the researchers should have more monitoring for these viral diseases with effective biosecurity and quarantine measures to minimize the disease occurrence.
Molecular survey and characterization of H5N8 isolates during 2016-2017 on Egypt
Iranian Garden s Architectural Designing: Collocation of Voronoi and Fractal Algorithms in the Context of Natural Background (Text)
Iranian Garden s Architectural Designing: Collocation of Voronoi and Fractal Algorithms in the Context of Natural Background (Other)
HTML Summary of #1049 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Iranian Garden s Architectural Designing: Collocation of Voronoi and Fractal Algorithms in the Context of Natural Background</epc:when>
In the present article, the collocation of the Fractal Geometries and Voronoi Algorithm has been proved in line with the designing of garden’s digital architecture and it was made clear that the designing of the ancient four-segment gardens is considerably matching with the contemporary architecture which has come about subject to the effect of computers and software. The present study is a qualitative research of descriptive-analytical type and it has been conducted with a glance at the history of Iranian gardens’ designs and their delineated geometrical analyses concerning the structural philosophy of Voronoi and Fractal algorithms. The primary goal of the researcher is showcasing the timelessness in the designing of the Iranian garden so as to prove that the prior designing has been in accordance with the novel patterns of the contemporary architecture and it can get the paradise manifested like before in a corner of the earthy ground in today's machining world. It can be stated as a part of the obtained results that the idea of exhibiting water in the garden and the system of water transmission to the most distant spots in the garden tries depicting the ancient imaginations of the previous architects about Voronoi algorithm considering the use of the shortest path which is a perpendicular line drawn towards a dot on a straight line. Moreover, the use of four-segment garden’s basic module and its division in an internally descending manner displays Fractal geometry in each of Voronoi levels of the garden’s plots.
Iranian Garden s Architectural Designing: Collocation of Voronoi and Fractal Algorithms in the Context of Natural Background
The use of the naturalism approach in designing the Tabriz carpet museum (Text)
The use of the naturalism approach in designing the Tabriz carpet museum (Other)
HTML Summary of #1048 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The use of the naturalism approach in designing the Tabriz carpet museum</epc:when>
Culture and art have come from the very beginning of mankind, along with human life, in order to calm down humankind, and what comes out of mind in different arts and in different ways. With the advancement of mankind in various arenas and sciences, art, in turn, was subject to change and in various parts of the earth's human races, the craftsmanship of buildings and handicrafts was made in caves. Meanwhile, art in the Middle East from ancient times was the cradle of human civilization and the creator and developer of human beings in various fields, including art. From ancient times, especially after the arrival of Islam, Iran has witnessed progress in various fields of literary culture, especially art and architecture. In addition to the art of building and architecture, the creation of motifs in the tiling of mosaics etc. Handmade carpet art is one of the characteristics of recognizing the art of the land of Iran, especially the territory of Azerbaijan. Tabriz is a Persian carpet garden with the texture and development of a variety of carpets in different designs with a fringe in the range and worldwide name in different parts of the world. It is worth mentioning that this ancient city has an exhibition or museums in which architecture along with art witnesses the display of authentic Iranian and Islamic art and architecture. In the post-industrial and post-modern era, we are studying and designing the spaces needed for the place. In addition to an indicator for the city of Tabriz, we have a very small footprint in reducing the heating of the earth and using indigenous and nature-friendly materials.
The use of the naturalism approach in designing the Tabriz carpet museum
Application of different hormonal protocols for improving reproductive performance of Barki ewes (Text)
Application of different hormonal protocols for improving reproductive performance of Barki ewes (Other)
HTML Summary of #374 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Application of different hormonal protocols for improving reproductive performance of Barki ewes</epc:when>
This investigation was designed to assess reproductive improvement in Barki ewes using different hormonal protocols. Seventy-five non-pregnant and non-lactating Barki ewes were randomly assigned into three equal groups (25 ewes each), namely G1, G2 and G3. (G1) served as control, while (G2) was treated with an intravaginal progestagen impregnated sponge for 12 days then was removed. On the ninth day, all treated ewes received an intramuscular injection of prostaglandin F2α. (G3) was also synchronized as G2, in addition to on the 10th day ewes were received an intramuscular injection of 750 IU PMSG in descending doses for three days so that the last dose was injected at the 12th day concurrently with sponges' removal. Meanwhile, on the 14th day, all ewes in G3 were received an intramuscular injection of hCG hormone (500 IU/ewe). The results showed an increase in plasma progesterone level from the first day of pregnancy and rises up to the last day before parturition. Progesterone was found to be higher in G3 (that had higher twining rate) than in G2 than in G1. Insignificant increase in estrus response was observed in groups (G2, G3) compared to G1 (100, 100 and 92%, respectively). Conception rate was significantly higher in G3 (100%) than G2 (92%) and G1 (88%). While, abortion rate was higher in G1 and surpassing G2 and G3 (9.0, 0.0 and 0.0 %, respectively). Lambing rate was significantly higher in G3 as compared to G2 and G1 groups (100, 92 and 80 %, respectively). While, weaning rate was recorded to be insignificantly higher in G2 than in G1 and G3 (100.0, 95.45 and 94.29%, respectively). It could be concluded that, hormonal manipulation using intravaginal progestagen impregnated sponge and PMSG in the presence of hCG; would be a proper way for enhancing the reproductive efficiency of Barki ewes.
Application of different hormonal protocols for improving reproductive performance of Barki ewes
The effects of some herbal essential oils against Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolated from infected broiler flocks (Text)
The effects of some herbal essential oils against Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolated from infected broiler flocks (Other)
HTML Summary of #206 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The effects of some herbal essential oils against Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolated from infected broiler flocks</epc:when>
Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp are two bacterial infectious diseases responsible for heavy economic losses in the poultry industry. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance and its potential harmful threat to human health has led to a need to find safe alternatives for the control of these bacteria. To this end, the use of herbal remedies in poultry has been suggested. In this study, we have investigated the effect of essential oils extracted from five different herbal plants against Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli that have been isolated directly from infected broiler flocks. Standard Disk-diffusion method, Minimum Inhibition Concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were used to determine the inhibitory effect of these essential oils. Also, tetracycline was used as a control group. Among the essential oils, Carum copticum had the highest antibacterial properties. The maximum inhibition zone in diameter against Salmonella and Escherichia coli were respectively 26.7 and 22.5 mm that concern about Carum copticum essential oils. According to the results of this study, it was found that some of the essential oils have a stronger antibacterial effect than tetracycline. So, after the complementary studies, some of these herbal plants can be suggested as alternatives to antibiotics for treating infections caused by these bacteria in poultry industry.
The effects of some herbal essential oils against Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolated from infected broiler flocks
Effect of cold stress and various suitable remedies on performance of broiler chicken (Text)
Effect of cold stress and various suitable remedies on performance of broiler chicken (Other)
HTML Summary of #290 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of cold stress and various suitable remedies on performance of broiler chicken</epc:when>
A biological trial was conducted on commercial chicks during the winter months (December and January). Day old commercial meat type broiler chicks (273) were procured from a reputed source. Cold conditioning (20C to 80C) at third and fourth day of age for 3-4 hours was provided to 78 birds. These early cold conditioned birds were kept separate until distributed into respective treatment groups (fifth and sixth). At the end of second week, the chicks were individually weighed, distributed into 7 treatment groups of 3 replicates with 13 chicks in each replicate. Cold challenge @ 20C to 80C for 8 hours was provided from third week of age to sixth week of their age for all treatment groups except first and fifth treatment groups. The broiler birds in the treatment groups T1 and T5 were reared under normal temperature conditions (250C). Treatment group first (T1) was kept as control group. Antioxidant Vitamin E 250 mg per kg of feed was supplemented to the basal diet in the third treatment group. Chromium 0.1 gram per kg of feed was supplemented to the basal diet in the fourth treatment group. Chromium 0.2 gram per kg of feed was supplemented to the basal diet in the seventh treatment group. The data on individual body weight of the experimental birds and the cumulative feed consumption and feed conversion ratio on group basis were recorded at weekly intervals. Deaths were recorded daily and all dead birds were necropsied to identify ascites syndrome. There was no significant (p< 0.05) difference in the average body weight and body weight gain among various treatment groups throughout the experiment period. The cumulative feed consumption showed significant (p< 0.05) difference among various treatment groups throughout the experiment period. Highest feed consumption (p< 0.05) was observed in broiler chickens reared under cold conditions when compared with broiler birds reared under normal temperature conditions. Among the cold challenge treatment groups (T2, T3, T4, T6 and T7), there was significant (p< 0.05) improvement in feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the treatment groups T6 (early cold conditioning birds exposed to cold stress) and T7 (supplementation of chromium 0.2 g/kg of feed to birds exposed to cold stress). Among different treatment groups in general best FCR was observed in treatment group T5 (early cold conditioning group reared under normal conditions) followed by T1 (control group reared under normal conditions). At the end of the biological trial ascites linked mortalities showed significant (p< 0.05) difference among various treatment groups. There was no mortality reported in treatment groups kept under normal temperature conditions (T1 and T5). Highest ascites related mortality (23.07%) was observed in treatment group in which cold stress was provided and no measures were taken to alleviate the effect of cold stress on broiler birds (T2). The Vitamin E supplementation in the diet of broiler birds reared under cold stress (T3) showed significant (p< 0.05) reduction in ascites related mortality (10.25%).
Effect of cold stress and various suitable remedies on performance of broiler chicken
Effect of lithium toxicity in broiler (Text)
Effect of lithium toxicity in broiler (Other)
HTML Summary of #296 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of lithium toxicity in broiler</epc:when>
Lithium concentration in surface and underground water, in some instances is higher than the standard level in places where lithium-rich brines and minerals occur, and in places where lithium batteries disposed of. This metal has numerous effects on human and other organisms, but there is no evidence about its effects on birds. For the first time we evaluated the effects of experimental lithium consumption in birds. The broiler chicks received daily 200 ppm lithium carbonate in their water, for 20 days and control group received water without lithium. At the end, blood samples collected for chemical analyses and the chickens were then euthanized and samples from brain, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, heart and liver were collected for histopathological studies. Gross and microscopic lesions in organs were evaluated. Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT) and Uric acid also measured. The significant differences (P < 0.05) between experimental group and control group were seen.
Real time PCR quantification and differentiation of both challenge and vaccinal Mycoplasma gallisepticums trains used in vaccine quality control (Text)
Real time PCR quantification and differentiation of both challenge and vaccinal Mycoplasma gallisepticums trains used in vaccine quality control (Other)
HTML Summary of #316 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Real time PCR quantification and differentiation of both challenge and vaccinal Mycoplasma gallisepticums trains used in vaccine quality control</epc:when>
Mycoplasma gallisepticum is an economically important pathogen of poultry worldwide, causing chronic respiratory disease in chickens and turkeys. Vaccination of poultry with Mycoplasma gallisepticum live vaccines is an approach to reduce susceptibility to infection and to prevent economic losses. The goal of this study was to develop an alternative method for evaluation of live and killed vaccine using quantitative differential real time PCR (rt-PCR) assay. Real time PCR assay was implemented for titration and identification of three types of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (F, ts-11 and field strain). Three groups of chicks were vaccinated by using F- strain, ts-11 and killed vaccine and the forth group was considered control. Challenge test was appliedby using Mycoplasma gallisepticum field strain (108 CFU) at three weeks post vaccination. Antibody ELISA titers against Mycoplasma gallisepticum were 319, 259 and 1009 for F, t-11 and killed vaccine respectively at 3 weeks post vaccination. The protection rates were 81.5%, 74%, and 66.6% for F- strain, ts-11 and killed vaccine respectively that was determined by air sac lesion scour. Using quantitative differential rt-PCR for necropsied birds at 5 days post challenge 7days post challenge and 14 days post challenge demonstrated that the F-strain vaccine had ability to prevent shedding of field strain at 14 days post challenge mean while the ts-11 and killed vaccine decreased shedding of field strain from 108.1 and 108.6 to 105.1 and 105.8 CFU respectively at 14 days post challenge. In this study, rt-PCR had ability to identify and quantify of two types of vaccines (F and ts-11) and field strain.
Real time PCR quantification and differentiation of both challenge and vaccinal Mycoplasma gallisepticums trains used in vaccine quality control
The epidemiology of canine parvovirus enteritis in dogs of Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria (Text)
The epidemiology of canine parvovirus enteritis in dogs of Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria (Other)
HTML Summary of #533 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The epidemiology of canine parvovirus enteritis in dogs of Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria</epc:when>
Since its emergence, canine parvovirus enteritis has remained the most significant and important cause of enteritis in puppies between six weeks and six months of age. The aim of this study was to carry out a retrospective study in order to assess the effect of certain factors on the prevalence of the disease in diagnosed cases presented to the veterinary teaching hospital Annex, university of agriculture Makurdi from 2010 to 2016. The overall prevalence of the diagnosed cases of canine parvoviral enteritis has been at 5.7% for the past seven years. Age, sex, breed, vaccination status was showed to have been associated with the infection. Puppies of up to five months of age, males, breeds such as the Nigerian local breed, Alsatian, Caucasian, Rottweiler and Russian shepherd dogs and unvaccinated dogs are prone to this disease. Furthermore, this study revealed that early presentation and an aggressive support management of these cases had brought about a high recovery outcome of 85.4%. The distribution of the disease according to the season showed the highest incidence of cases occurred in 2012 (25.8%) and had descended down to (9%) by 2016 with most cases witnessed around January (22.5%) in dry season and June (15.7%) in wet season. The need for educating both veterinarians and dog owners about core vaccinations in dogs is paramount.
The epidemiology of canine parvovirus enteritis in dogs of Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
Effect of technological intervention on the economics of Vanaraja chicken rearing in West Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh, India (Text)
Effect of technological intervention on the economics of Vanaraja chicken rearing in West Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh, India (Other)
HTML Summary of #131 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of technological intervention on the economics of Vanaraja chicken rearing in West Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh, India</epc:when>
The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the comparative economics of two methods of Vanaraja chicken rearing under backyard system i.e. improved technologies demonstrated under Front Line Demonstration (FLD) and Farmer’s Practice (FP) traditionally adopted by the farmers. All together 120 farmers from 12 randomly selected villages of West Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh having experience of poultry rearing for more than two years were selected for FLD. The study (from August, 2015 to July, 2017) reveals that, the technologies demonstrated in FLDs recorded higher body weight gain of male chickens (2300g) over FP (1800g) at 20 weeks of age, which was 27.78% higher than that of Farmers’ Practice. Mean annual egg production under FLD was recorded as 110 numbers which was 37.50% higher than that of FP (80). The estimated technology gap in body weight gain was recorded as 200 g/bird, whereas for egg production it was 20 numbers/bird. The extension gap of body weight gains and egg production was recorded as 500 g/bird and 30 numbers/bird, respectively with a technology index of 8% in body weight gain and 15.38% in egg production. The benefit cost (B: C) ratio for Vanaraja chicken rearing under FLD and Farmers’ Practice was recorded as 2.62:1 and 1.71:1, respectively which indicated that under improved rearing techniques demonstrated under FLD Vanaraja chicken gives much more profit than that of rearing techniques under FP. Non availability of improved germplasm of poultry (93.33%) was given the top ranking while weak market linkage to dispose the produce (35.00%) was given as bottom ranking in the constraints matrix ranking in poultry production. Under client satisfaction index over the performance of FLD analysis reveals 63.33% of high satisfaction index over the performance of FLDs while 27.50% respondent expressed medium level of satisfaction and only 9.17% respondent expressed low level of satisfaction index.
Effect of technological intervention on the economics of Vanaraja chicken rearing in West Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh, India
Growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens fed dried pawpaw (Carica papaya Linn) latex (Text)
Growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens fed dried pawpaw (Carica papaya Linn) latex (Other)
HTML Summary of #210 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens fed dried pawpaw (Carica papaya Linn) latex</epc:when>
This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of latex of pawpaw (Carica papaya Linn) as a feed additive and crude enzyme complex on growth performance, cell-mediated immunity, carcass and organ measurements of broiler chicken. Four experimental diets each were formulated during the starter (1-28d) and finisher (29-49d) phases such that the basal diets were supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2% Pawpaw Latex (PL). A total of 120 day-old Arbor Acre chicks were randomly allocated to the four dietary treatments comprising of three replicates each in a completely randomized design. Performance parameters measured include Daily Feed Intake (DFI) and Daily Weight Gain (DWG) while Feed to Gain Ratio (FGR) and Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) were estimated. At day 49, twelve birds per treatment were randomly selected for slaughter in order to measure carcass cut-up parts (thigh, breast, neck, wing, back, drumstick and abdominal fat), and selected organs were weighed and expressed relative to live weight. The immunity index was also evaluated. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance and treatment means separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. PL contained 54.9% crude protein, 6.28% ether extract, 4.65% crude fibre, 5.5% ash and 18.79% nitrogen free extracts. At the starter phase, there was a general decline in DFI, DWG and FGR as levels of PL increased. Between days 28-49, broilers on 0.1%PL had comparable DWG, FGR, PER and carcass yield with those fed PL-free diet. Hypertrophy of gizzard, liver and intestines were recorded with increase in level of PL. Generally, dietary inclusion of pawpaw latex decreased growth performance but maintained carcass yield, improved immune response and survivability of broiler chickens.
Growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens fed dried pawpaw (Carica papaya Linn) latex
The effect of early setting inside single stage incubator on stored eggs (Text)
The effect of early setting inside single stage incubator on stored eggs (Other)
HTML Summary of #226 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">The effect of early setting inside single stage incubator on stored eggs</epc:when>
Eggs weight loss during storage has been documented well due to water loss. The single stage incubators are designed to use egg water loss as humidity source during incubation. In this experiment one week old eggs (n=430840) were collected in Salman hatchery, Pakistan and divided into two groups, group A was (eggs n=215420) immediately shifted to incubators before 10 hours of incubation to avoid further weight loss) and eggs from group B (n=215420) was stored in eggs room at 23.80 C and 65% humidity with 2cfm/1000 eggs ventilation for 10 hours. After 10 hours of storage both groups were pre-heated at 80 0F for 5 hours leading to incubation conditions. Hatchability % (84.502±2.9221, 84.217±3.0279) candling% (6.5418±0.5605, 6.7682±0.5705) dead in shell% (6.5418±2.3112, 6.7682±2.3702) and hatch window (hours) (22-24±0.142, 26-28±0.1324) were significantly better for A compare to B respectively, Water loss% (11.556±0.1399, 11.545±0.1486), chick yield% (68.835±0.0926, 68.818±0.0928) and chick waste (gram) (19.67±1.721, 19.69±1.7653) were insignificant due to same incubation conditions inside incubator. The water loss from eggs of group A retained inside incubator have an impact on embryonic mortality including the duration of first and the last chick that hatches out. So, the deleterious effects of storage can be avoided by shifting the eggs inside a single stage incubator before 10 hours of incubation including pre-heating.
The effect of early setting inside single stage incubator on stored eggs
Hepatoprotective effects of Cichorium intybus against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in broiler (Text)
Hepatoprotective effects of Cichorium intybus against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in broiler (Other)
HTML Summary of #297 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Hepatoprotective effects of Cichorium intybus against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in broiler</epc:when>
Hepatic damage in poultry occurs either due to metabolic or nutritional disturbances or chemical intoxication. The absence of reliable liver protective drugs and also consumption of broiler meat, limit us in usage of chemical hepatoprotective agents. The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of CichoriumIntybus (CI) extract in paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in broiler chicks. One-day-old Ross chicken broilers were divided into four groups. One group was kept as normal and liver damage were induced in other 3 groups by oral administration of 1 ml/kg body weight of paracetamol for four successive days. Of 3 intoxicated groups one was kept as control and two different medicinal plants extracts were administered 0.2 g/kg of CI and 0.4 g/kg of CI extract. The medicinal plant was administered orally for 14 days after paracetamol administration. Then the blood samples were collected and the chicks sacrificed to histopathological examination. Serum liver markers and histopathological assessment of the livers revealed that Cichoriumintybus has protective activity against hepatic damage specially at a dose of 0.4 g/kg body weight and exhibited anti-hepatotoxic activity in broilers. The present study showed that administration of Cichoriumintybus extract at the doses of 0.2 g/kg/day and 0.4 g/kg/day respectively to Paracetamol intoxicated broilers, mitigates liver toxicity and liver histopathological changes.
Hepatoprotective effects of Cichorium intybus against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in broiler
Aesthetics and day-lighting correlation: an experimental study of form and placement of windows on buildings (Text)
Aesthetics and day-lighting correlation: an experimental study of form and placement of windows on buildings (Other)
HTML Summary of #1046 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Aesthetics and day-lighting correlation: an experimental study of form and placement of windows on buildings</epc:when>
Design concepts or principles such as ‘Form follows function’, ‘Beauty in usability’, or ‘Attractive things work better’ suggest that a positive correlation exists between aesthetics and functions of a building. Windows are designed probably for aesthetics and daylight in spaces of a building. However the design of windows for adequate daylight may be antithetical to that of aesthetic enhancement. This study sought to ascertain the effect of window form and position on, and the correlation if any, between aesthetics and daylight in spaces of a building. 143 respondents in four groups who were mainly undergraduate and postgraduate students and lecturers in Architecture were the respondents in the study. Six simulated elevations of an existing building with different form and placement but same window area were ranked in order of aesthetic pleasantness. Six architectural models of a typical room in the building were constructed with the window forms and placement as on the simulated elevations. Day-lighting levels were observed with lux meter outside, and at 16 positions on the floor of the simulated rooms. Mean daylight factors and daylight levels of in the rooms were calculated. Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficients were employed to ascertain correlation between aesthetic rankings of the elevations and respective daylight factors. It was found that window forms and positions affect both aesthetic rankings and daylight factors in rooms of the buildings. Correlation coefficients of +0.94 were obtained in three of the four ranking groups, while the other ranking group recorded a coefficient of +0.77. The study concluded that the correlation between aesthetics and day-lighting through window design is at least appreciable and positive. It was recommended that windows form be rectangular with geometric proportion toward ‘the golden ratio’
Aesthetics and day-lighting correlation: an experimental study of form and placement of windows on buildings
Heritage architecture in Ibadan, Nigeria: the house of Adebisi Giwa of Idikan (Text)
Heritage architecture in Ibadan, Nigeria: the house of Adebisi Giwa of Idikan (Other)
HTML Summary of #1047 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Heritage architecture in Ibadan, Nigeria: the house of Adebisi Giwa of Idikan</epc:when>
This paper examines the architectural design and planning of the residential apartment of the great Ibadan icon, businessman and philanthropist. The architecture is neo-classical and the building boasts of at least eighty five living spaces (parlour and rooms). The Adebisi mansion is a symbol of Ibadan-Yoruba material heritage. The people of Ibadan had great respect for the patron of the house - Giwa Adebisi and this is confirmed in the fact that his memories are preserved in legend, songs and poems that enunciate the man’s wealth and influence. These legends and songs that accompany his home in Ibadan is rarely found elsewhere in Yoruba society. The paper discusses the grandeur of the Adebisi mansion and concludes that the building is of significant historic and architectural heritage value and thus makes a worthy material for preservation.
Heritage architecture in Ibadan, Nigeria: the house of Adebisi Giwa of Idikan
Molecular characterization of Staphylococci isolated from cattle with mastitis (Text)
Molecular characterization of Staphylococci isolated from cattle with mastitis (Other)
HTML Summary of #362 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Molecular characterization of Staphylococci isolated from cattle with mastitis</epc:when>
This study was carried out in order to investigate the occurrence of some virulence genes of Staphylococci isolated from cattle with mastitis. A total number of 133 milk samples (45 from clinical mastitis and 88 from subclinical mastitis) were collected from dairy cattle in Kafr El-Sheikh and EL Gharbia Governorates, Egypt. The samples were examined for the presence of Staphylococci by classical bacteriological methods and were further characterized geno-typically. A total of 41 Staphylococcus isolates were recovered from cattle with mastitis with an incidence of 30.8%. Among the isolates, 21(15.8%) of S. aureus [6 from clinical mastitis (13.3%) and 15 from subclinical mastitis (17%)] and 20 (15%) isolates of CNS [8 from clinical mastitis (17.7%) and 12 from subclinical mastitis (13.6%)] were identified phenotypically. All isolates were screened for the detection of binding protein A (spa-X), haemolysine type A (hla), Haemolysine type B (hlb), and toxic shock syndrome (tsst-1) by PCR. The obtained results revealed that the spa Xgene was detected in all Staphylococcus isolates recovered from subclinical mastitis while in clinical mastitis was detected with an incidence of 42.9%. Haemolysine type A was detected in clinical and subclinical mastitis with an incidence of 71.4% and 70% respectively, while haemolysine type B was detected in clinical and subclinical mastitis with an incidence of 28.5% and 40% respectively. Toxic shock syndrome was not detected in any of the isolates. The data in the study provided an overview on the distribution of some virulence genes related to Staphylococci isolated from cattle with mastitis in Egypt.
Molecular characterization of Staphylococci isolated from cattle with mastitis
Haematological parameters of broilers fed Moringa oleifera leaf supplemented feed following challenge with a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (Text)
Haematological parameters of broilers fed Moringa oleifera leaf supplemented feed following challenge with a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (Other)
HTML Summary of #195 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Haematological parameters of broilers fed Moringa oleifera leaf supplemented feed following challenge with a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus</epc:when>
A study was conducted to evaluate the haematological parameters of broilers fed Moringa oleifera leaf supplemented feed and had been challenged with a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. Two hundred and forty day-old Ross 308 hybrid broiler chicks were assigned into four groups (A,B,C,D) of 60 chicks each in a deep litter type housing. While groups A and B were fed with formulated broiler starter and finisher containing 5% Moringa oleifera leaf, groups C and D were fed with formulated broiler starter and finisher without Moringa oleifera leaf. Groups A and C were vaccinated intramuscularly against infectious bursal disease (IBD) at 14 and 21 days of age, and Newcastle’s disease at 18 days of age. Groups A, B and C were intraocularly challenged at 35 days of age with 0.05 ml of a live vv IBDV. Groups B and D served as positive and negative control respectively. Blood was collected from 10 broilers in each group via the wing vein at 35, 38 and 42 days of age for various haematological indices. A significant decrease in the values of lymphocytes counts in group B at 38 days of age was observed. Heterophil / lymphocyte ratio had significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in group D at 38 days of age. Packed cell volume significantly decreased (P < 0.05) at 38 days of age in groups A, B, C and D and subsequently increased (P < 0.05) by 42 days of age in groups B, C and D. Red blood cell count was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in group B and C at 38 days of age, while haemoglobin concentration significantly increased (P < 0.05) at 42 days of age in group B and D. Feeding broilers with5% MOL supplemented diet without vaccination did not prevent vvIBDV from causing a decrease in lymphocyte count 3 dpi in broilers of group B.
Haematological parameters of broilers fed Moringa oleifera leaf supplemented feed following challenge with a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus
Parasitic infection with emphasis on Tylodelphys spp. as new host and locality records in Nile perch; Lates niloticus from Lake Nasser, Egypt (Text)
Parasitic infection with emphasis on Tylodelphys spp. as new host and locality records in Nile perch; Lates niloticus from Lake Nasser, Egypt (Other)
HTML Summary of #445 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Parasitic infection with emphasis on Tylodelphys spp. as new host and locality records in Nile perch; Lates niloticus from Lake Nasser, Egypt</epc:when>
A total number of 200 Lates niloticus were collected alive from several and various localities at Lake Nasser in Aswan governorate, to investigate the prevailing parasites that infect this fish species. All the examined fish were positive for one or more parasites, three trematodes of two families were identified: Diplectanum simile, Diplectanum lacustris and Tylodelphys spp. (recorded for the first time in Lates niloticus representing new host and locality records), two nematodes of two families: Philometra ovata and L3 larvae of Contracaecum spp.(has zoonotic importance), one acanthocephalan parasite: Rhadinorhynchus niloticus, two crustaceans parasites of one family: Ergasilus kandti and Ergasilus latus, while no cestodal infections were recorded at all. The prevalence of trematodes was at 95% meanwhile the nematodes were at 100% in addition to the acanthocephalan parasite was at 24.5% as well, crustaceans parasites were at 69.5%. This study evaluated clinical signs, postmortem examinations, parasitological examinations, seasonal prevalence and histopathological investigations of infected fish in addition to the relation between fish age and parasitism was also described. This study builds on our current understanding of different parasites infecting the wild Lates niloticus and provides novel information on the patterns of the isolated parasites and also serves to reassure the consumers that the musculature (the edible part) of the fish was free from any parasitic infections and safe for human consumption provided that the fish must be eviscerated as soon as possible after being caught and adequately cooked.
Parasitic infection with emphasis on Tylodelphys spp. as new host and locality records in Nile perch; Lates niloticus from Lake Nasser, Egypt
Molecular and genetic characterization of infectious Bronchitis viruses isolated from commercial chicken flocks in Egypt between 2014 and 2016 (Text)
Molecular and genetic characterization of infectious Bronchitis viruses isolated from commercial chicken flocks in Egypt between 2014 and 2016 (Other)
HTML Summary of #319 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Molecular and genetic characterization of infectious Bronchitis viruses isolated from commercial chicken flocks in Egypt between 2014 and 2016</epc:when>
Infectious Bronchitis is one of the major viral diseases affecting poultry causing severe economic losses. The prevalence of Infectious Bronchitis viruses was studied in commercial chicken farms in Egypt between 2014 and 2016. A total of 1722 organ samples (trachea, kidney, caecal tonsils and lungs) were collected from 246 problematic flocks, showing respiratory signs and considerable mortalities, from 13 governorates throughout the examination period and were then subjected to molecular analysis using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Data from this study have shown a high prevalence (75.6%) of Infectious Bronchitis virus in Egyptian farms. Infections mixed with other respiratory viruses were frequently observed, including very virulent Newcastle disease, Low pathogenic avian influenza, H9N2 and High pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 with 27.9%, 25.7% and 17.1%, respectively with higher detection percentages observed in the winter season. Phylogenetic analysis of 19 selected positive Infectious Bronchitis virus has revealed Infectious Bronchitis virus genotypes closely related to variant II strains Eg/12120S/2012, IS/885, IS/1494, with 4 isolates was clustered in a new group. In conclusion, the present study provides further updates on the circulation and co-circulation of Infectious Bronchitis virus in commercial Egyptian flocks. The continuous existence of field variant Infectious Bronchitis virus in commercial chicken's farms in Egypt emphasizes the need for regular monitoring of Infectious Bronchitis with updating the control and vaccination strategies.
Molecular and genetic characterization of infectious Bronchitis viruses isolated from commercial chicken flocks in Egypt between 2014 and 2016
Performance and microbiological profiles of piglets fed with diets enriched with bio-flavonoids and ascorbic acid (Text)
Performance and microbiological profiles of piglets fed with diets enriched with bio-flavonoids and ascorbic acid (Other)
HTML Summary of #400 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Performance and microbiological profiles of piglets fed with diets enriched with bio-flavonoids and ascorbic acid</epc:when>
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and microbiological profile of 40 piglets (females and males) in the nursery phase. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments, five replicates and sex as a blocking factor. The treatments were distributed in: T1 (control); T2 (Plant Extract as PE, 500 ppm); T3 (Amoxicillin as A, 20 mg kg-1) and T4 (PE+A, 500 ppm + 20 mg kg-1). There was no influence (P > 0.01), between treatments for both the initial and the final weight and average daily gain, but the control group males had an average daily feed intake of 1.8% or higher (P < 0.01) compared to other treatments. The total count control bacterial colonies were 35.9%, 70.9 % and 63.8 % higher (P < 0.01) to treatment with A, PE+A and PE, respectively. For MacConkey test, the treated group A was 88.44 %, 91.78 % and 56.50 % higher (P < 0.01) compared to PE+A, PE and control, respectively. The antibiogram of 48 stool samples had shown that Amoxicillin disk were at 85.7 %, 72.7 %, 44.5 % and 100 % resistant in the control treatments, PE, A and PE+A respectively. The bioflavonoids and ascorbic acid and the interaction with amoxicillin did not alter the performance of pigs in the nursery phase but had reduced the presence of bacterial colonies.
Performance and microbiological profiles of piglets fed with diets enriched with bio-flavonoids and ascorbic acid
Biological control of mycotoxins: An update (Text)
Biological control of mycotoxins: An update (Other)
HTML Summary of #427 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Biological control of mycotoxins: An update</epc:when>
Biological control, or rather the deployment of living organisms in an effort to arrest the growth and development of another organism, is a hot topic in mycotoxin studies. Confirmed environmental inclemency and increasing cases of resistance, brought about by the use of chemical applications have invited the development of natural and better alternatives. Many candidates from bacteria through yeasts to fungi have been exploited to control mycotoxin-producing fungi with appreciable success. This review takes a critical look at the development and harvest the reaction of crop and livestock farmers and other stakeholders and, concludes that the bio- control of mycotoxins is a field with a promising future, in spite of a few research gaps that have to be filled.
Biological control of mycotoxins: An update
Effect of floor eggs on hatchability, candling, water loss, chick yield, chick weight and dead in shell (Text)
Effect of floor eggs on hatchability, candling, water loss, chick yield, chick weight and dead in shell (Other)
J World Poult Res 7(4) 154-158, 2017.pdf
HTML Summary of #225 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of floor eggs on hatchability, candling, water loss, chick yield, chick weight and dead in shell</epc:when>
A chicken with high quality resulted from a clean egg, not broken, and not containing cracks. This experiment was performed with the goal to evaluate the effect of contaminated eggs on hatchability, egg water loss, chick weight, chick yield, DIS, A grade and B grade chicks. Eggs (Cobb 300, Ross 308, Hubbard classic n=8616960) from six different farms were collected and divided into two groups. Group A containing good quality eggs and group B contaminated eggs or floor eggs. Each farm participated (n=1436160) eggs for sixteen replicates. Candling was significantly better (P < 0.001) in all flocks of group A as compared to B regardless of the age and breed of broiler eggs. The eggs from group B presented significantly less water loss as compared to group A. Chick yield was significantly better for group A than group B. Similarly, Chick weight, quantity of A grade chicks was significantly better for group A than group B. In short floor or contaminated eggs negatively affects the hatchery parameters and becomes a source of contamination for chicks in the hatchery and farms.
Effect of floor eggs on hatchability, candling, water loss, chick yield, chick weight and dead in shell
Effect of plumage color and body weight on the semen quality of naked neck chicken (Text)
Effect of plumage color and body weight on the semen quality of naked neck chicken (Other)
J World Poult Res 7(3) 129-133, 2017.pdf
HTML Summary of #81 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of plumage color and body weight on the semen quality of naked neck chicken</epc:when>
The low fertility of local chicken breeds is a major issue in backyard poultry system. The fertility rate varies among different males due to their difference in semen quality. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of plumage color and body weight on the semen quality of Naked Neck chicken. The Naked Neck males (n=18) vary in three plumage colors (black=6, brown=6, white=6) and each color contains two body weight sub groups (heavy= >1600gm n=3 and light= 1600 gm) contained significantly more semen volume (0.21±0.02 ml) and sperm concentration (1.88±0.06×109 ml) than the lightweight group (light = < 1600 gm). So, black plumage color roosters of can be use to enhance fertility rate of naked neck chickens.
Effect of plumage color and body weight on the semen quality of naked neck chicken
Adverse effects of chemotherapy in dogs (Text)
Adverse effects of chemotherapy in dogs (Other)
HTML Summary of #396 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Adverse effects of chemotherapy in dogs</epc:when>
Owners of dogs with cancer are often offered chemotherapeutic treatment. However, clients who seek veterinary care for pets with cancer are often concerned about the potential negative impact of chemotherapeutic treatments on their animals’ quality of life. The purpose of this retrospective case series was to investigate the delayed acute effects of chemotherapy drugs in dogs receiving cancer treatment and their owners’ opinions regarding chemotherapy acceptance by their pet. In this study, 292 dogs that were treated with chemotherapy as a definitive and/or adjuvant treatment for cancer. Medical records were reviewed to determine the chemotherapy agent used and if they had any delayed adverse effects or not. Side effects were classified according to VCOG-CTCAE grading of adverse effect severity veterinary co-operative oncology group. Lomustine, carboplatin, vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophospha-mide, mitoxantrone, and vinblastine were administered in 16%, 20%, 15%, 18%, 16%, 8%, and 7% of the cases respectively. The most common adverse effects were neutropenia (22%), vomiting (21%), diarrhea (20%) and inappetence (20%). Cyclophosphamide and vincristine were the agents that had caused more adverse gastrointestinal effects, while lomustine was the drug that had caused more hematologic effects. In some dogs receiving lomustine and carboplatin, neutropenia (some of them severe) had occurred as early as in the sixth day. According to the current grading system of adverse effects induced by chemotherapy, general tolerance to chemotherapy is referred to as grade 1, which was observed in 83% of the cases. Owner opinion was positive in most cases, and 77% of the owners had evaluated that the treatment was well tolerated by their dogs. In contrast, 8% of the treatments were poorly tolerated and they had negatively impacted the affected dogs’ quality of life. Based on the data examined, we would recommend that gastrointestinal adverse effects must be prevented with antiemetic medication, especially in dogs receiving cyclophosphamide, vincristine, carboplatin and doxorubicin. Hematologic profile must be performed as early as in the 6-7th day after lomustine and carboplatin, as severe neutropenia can occur. Adverse chemotherapy effects may occur in about 20-25% of canine patients.
Influence of enzymatic and mechanical liquefaction of seminal plasma on freezability of dromedary camel semen (Text)
Influence of enzymatic and mechanical liquefaction of seminal plasma on freezability of dromedary camel semen (Other)
HTML Summary of #407 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Influence of enzymatic and mechanical liquefaction of seminal plasma on freezability of dromedary camel semen</epc:when>
This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of mechanical and enzymatic elimination of semen viscosity in adult dromedary camel bulls’ semen on cryopreservation potential of spermatozoa during the breeding season. Bulls showed reaction time 40.0±8.23 seconds and 251±24 seconds mating duration. Physical properties of raw semen showed volume mean value 5.28±0.66 ml, initial viability 2.5±0.6, initial raw motility 59.34±4.99%, livability 95.3±2.36%, first and second abnormalities 4.13±0.88% and 7.01±1.254%, respectively and acrosomal integrity 5.03±1.05%. The researcher examined three different treatments for viscosity elimination; namely; Amylase Enzymatic Treatment (AET), Syringe Mechanical Treatment (SMT) and Amylase Syringe Mixed Treatment (ASMT). The results revealed that, a significant deleterious effect of the ASMT on the post-thaw motility (MPT) 25.00±3.69% was observed, with sperm Recovery Rate (RR) 35.02±5.02%, contrary to a clear superiority of AET treatment on (MPT) 49.00±4.87%, followed by the SMT treatment (MPT) 41.67±6.72%, with significantly higher RR% (76.86±4.63% and 62.10±6.65%) respectively. The AET recorded the highest acrosomal reaction (10.17±1.11%), followed by the mixed treatment (8.33±0.14%), with the least significant effect (P <0.05) on the mechanically treated group (7.33±0.99%). The results also showed the same trend for first and second abnormalities. Computer assisted semen analysis showed a significant superiority for the AET on mostly all sperm kinetics (DCL, DAP, VAP, VSL), except for DSL, VCL that showed highest significant value for SMT treatment. Conversely, the study recorded the lowest significant values for LIN, STR and WOB in the SMT. These results clarified that both enzymatic and mechanical methods have a positive influence on dromedary camel semen cryopreservation.
Influence of enzymatic and mechanical liquefaction of seminal plasma on freezability of dromedary camel semen
Performance, serum biochemical parameters and immunity in broiler chicks fed dietary Echinacea purpurea and Thymus vulgaris extracts (Text)
Performance, serum biochemical parameters and immunity in broiler chicks fed dietary Echinacea purpurea and Thymus vulgaris extracts (Other)
J World Poult Res 7(3) 123-128, 2017.pdf
HTML Summary of #204 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Performance, serum biochemical parameters and immunity in broiler chicks fed dietary Echinacea purpurea and Thymus vulgaris extracts</epc:when>
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of administrating herbal extracts of Echinacea purpurea and Thymus vulgaris into broilers drinking water on performance, immune response and serum biochemical and Phyto hemagglutinin. 270 day-old Ross chicks were assigned to nine dietary treatments in a randomized manner. Each treatment was given to two replicates of 15 birds. The variables of T. vulgaris extract were 1% and 2% and variables of E. purpurea extract were 0%, 1% and 2% in drinking water. Body Weight (BW), Feed Intake (FI) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were recorded at the end of the experiment. Antibody responses against Newcastle disease viruses were measured after blood sampling at 42 days of age. The plant extracts did not affect BW, FI and FCR (P > 0.05). Antibody titers against NDV were significantly affected by the administration of E. purpurea (P < 0.05). The highest elevation was for the birds that were administrated with 2% E. purpurea from 1 to 42 days (P < 0.05). Administration of thyme extracts had improved serum biochemical parameters as compared with Echinacea and control group. It was concluded that under these research conditions, high levels of E. purpurea extracts had increased the broiler chickens’ immunity.
Performance, serum biochemical parameters and immunity in broiler chicks fed dietary Echinacea purpurea and Thymus vulgaris extracts
Efficacy of combined vaccine against salmonellosis and infectious coryza in poultry (Text)
Efficacy of combined vaccine against salmonellosis and infectious coryza in poultry (Other)
J World Poult Res 7(3) 145-153, 2017.pdf
HTML Summary of #219 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Efficacy of combined vaccine against salmonellosis and infectious coryza in poultry</epc:when>
In the present study, efficacy of two prepared combined vaccines against salmonellosis and infectious coryza in poultry has been studied. Two vaccines were prepared using Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis combined with Avibacterium paragallinarum serovars A, B, and C. one vaccine was adjuvanated with aluminium hydroxide gel and the other adjuvanated with montanide ISA71. The two vaccines were assayed in six weeks old Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) white Lohman layer chickens by injecting two doses of each vaccine 3 weeks apart. These chickens were challenged with either Salmonella virulent strains or Avibacterium paragallinarum different serovars 3 weeks post second dose. Antibody titers in sera of chickens against different antigens were higher in groups vaccinated with montanide oil vaccine than those vaccinated with aluminium hydroxide gel vaccine as detected by different serological tests; ELISA, micro-agglutination test and haem-agglutination inhibition test. Protection rate against challenge test were 80% and 85% for Salmonella and (80%; 90%, and 70%) and (90%; 100%, and 90%) to Avibacterium paragallinarum serovars A, B, and C respectively for combined vaccine adjuvanated by aluminum hydroxide gel and montanide ISA71. The protection rate was 15% against Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis and 0% against infectious coryza among the unvaccinated chicken group.it could be concluded that producing a vaccine from locally isolated Salmonella and Avibacterium (Haemophilus) paragallinarum strains adjuvanated with montanide ISA71 is recommended to aid in controlling avian salmonellosis and Infectious coryza at the same time.
Efficacy of combined vaccine against salmonellosis and infectious coryza in poultry
Growth performance and haemato-biochemical parameters of different breeds of rural chickens (Text)
Growth performance and haemato-biochemical parameters of different breeds of rural chickens (Other)
J World Poult Res 7(3) 114-122, 2017.pdf
HTML Summary of #286 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Growth performance and haemato-biochemical parameters of different breeds of rural chickens</epc:when>
A total of 2000 un-sexed day-old-chicks of each Desi, Fayoumi and Rhode Island Red (RIR) breeds were reared and maintained on deep litter system for a period of 20 weeks. In floor pens, each breed was reared separately in a single pen until 7 weeks of age when the 2000 birds had been randomly distributed between pens, with 21 to 24 birds of the same breed per pen (2.00 to 2.50 ft2/bird). The results had revealed that the average day old weight was the highest in RIR, intermediate in Desi and lowest in Fayoumi. The RIR breed had consumed more feed and therefore, gained the highest weight gain than as compared to those of Desi and Fayoumi breeds at all ages of growing phase. The feed conversion was best in RIR and lowest in Desi breed. Desi and Fayoumi chicks had a lower mortality than the RIR breed chicks. The meat composition was found to be insignificant amongst the three breeds. There was no significant difference in blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, calcium, protein, uric acid and alkaline phosphatase values amongst the three breeds. There was also no significant difference in hematological values among all breeds. The total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin and packed cell volume increased with the advancement of age. However, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin values decreased gradually with the advancement of age. It may be concluded that overall, RIR chickens had performed better than Fayoumi and Desi chickens. However, a lower mortality rate had been observed in Desi chickens.
Growth performance and haemato-biochemical parameters of different breeds of rural chickens
Use of Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) as a feed additive in poultry nutrition (Text)
Use of Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) as a feed additive in poultry nutrition (Other)
HTML Summary of #306 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Use of Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) as a feed additive in poultry nutrition</epc:when>
The European Union banned using all prophylactic antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry nutrition. As a result, the poultry nutritionist is now forced to look for growth promoting antibiotic alternatives, or at least considerably demote the amount of antibiotics used to sustain efficient broiler meat production and to be able to produce safe poultry egg and meat products. The Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), is a type of probiotics originated from the yeast cell wall (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has gained more prominent attention, mainly due to its ability to bind the threadlike fimbriae on pathogenic bacteria preventing them from attaching to the gut wall, thereby averting their stabilization and the resulting colonization and multiplication, up to the disease level, so it had been showed to be a most capable solution for antibiotic-free diets, as well as furnishing effective support for digestion and immunity in poultry. Several investigations confirmed that using MOS as a feed supplement in poultry diets allowed birds to achieve a similar trend as when they were fed a diet enriched with antibiotic growth promoters. In addition, MOS has also shown to have a positive affection on bodyweight gain, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, egg production, fertility, and hatchability thus ameliorating well-being, energy levels and performance of avian species. Furthermore, it is also thought that it plays a role as an antioxidant, helping with mineral retention, improving bone mineralization and subsequently the overall improvement the performance of poultry birds. This review article has aimed to illuminate its sources, mode of action and beneficial applications of MOS in poultry diet for improving, production, immunity, safeguarding health among consumers and it ought to be used as a natural growth promoter on a commercial level in order to replace synthetic antibiotics in the poultry industry.
Use of Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) as a feed additive in poultry nutrition
Effect of aging on mitochondrial gene expression in chicken breast muscle (Text)
Effect of aging on mitochondrial gene expression in chicken breast muscle (Other)
J World Poult Res 7(3) 104-113, 2017.pdf
HTML Summary of #332 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of aging on mitochondrial gene expression in chicken breast muscle</epc:when>
Efficient conversion of food into body mass has been associated with altered gene expression of some proteins of the electron transport chain. We evaluated the effect of age on the mRNA expression of Cytochrome oxidase III(COX III), avian adenine nucleotide translocator (avANT), avian PPAR-γ coactivator-1α (avPGC-1α), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and avian uncoupling protein (avUCP) in chicken. A total of 90 male birds each from Nandanam B2, Rhode Island Red, Aseel and White Leghorn, were divided into three replicates containing 30 birds each and used for the study. Production parameters consist of body weight, body weight gain, cumulative feed consumption and cumulative feed efficiency at fourth and eighth weeks of age were recorded. Total RNA was extracted from the breast muscle tissue of male birds and reverse transcribed into cDNA. Real-time PCR analysis was performed using specific primers for the genes. The greatest reduction was observed when comparing fourth and eighth week old birds in COX III, avANT mRNA expression levels were then followed by avPGC-1α and increased mRNA expression levels were observed in PPARγ followed by avUCP at eighth week of age. The study revealed phenotypic differences in production traits as well as the difference in expression of mitochondrial gene like COX III, avANT, avPGC-1α, PPARγ and avUCP expression level change with age in chickens.
Effect of aging on mitochondrial gene expression in chicken breast muscle
Sero-prevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in three senatorial district of Kaduna State, Nigeria using Latex Agglutination Test (Text)
Sero-prevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in three senatorial district of Kaduna State, Nigeria using Latex Agglutination Test (Other)
HTML Summary of #389 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Sero-prevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in three senatorial district of Kaduna State, Nigeria using Latex Agglutination Test</epc:when>
A study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in cattle in 3 senatorial districts of Kaduna State, using Latex Agglutination Test (BoviLAT PA 6223). One Local Government Area (LGA) from each senatorial district was randomly selected for this study thus; Ikara (Northern), Chikun (Central) and Kauru (Southern). A total of 300 blood samples were each collected from the selected LGAs in each senatorial district using simple random sampling without replacement technique. An overall sero-prevalence of 26.0% (234/900) was recorded, with Kauru having a higher sero-prevalence of 46.0% (138/300), followed by Ikara (17.0%) (51/300) and Chikun (15.0%) (45/300) LGAs. The sero-prevalence was highest (30%) in the age group of >6 years old and lowest (19.3%) in the age group <1-3 years old (P=0.0027). Based on sex of the cattle, there was no statistical significant association (P=0.1424) in the sero-prevalence of CBPP between the female (27.1%) and the male (21.9%) cattle. Though the sero-prevalence showed some degree of variation, there was no statistical significant difference (P=0.0572) in infection among Sokoto Gudali (57.1%), Red Bororo (50%) and White Fulani (25.3%) breeds of cattle. The study revealed the sero-prevalence of CBPP in cattle in the study area. Although BoviLAT Latex Agglutination is not capable of differentiating between antibodies from vaccinated animals and those of natural infection, it however provides, a fast and easy to perform diagnostic technique in the field, and therefore, good for early detection of cattle with CBPP.
Sero-prevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in three senatorial district of Kaduna State, Nigeria using Latex Agglutination Test
Prospects of improving semen collection and preservation from elite dromedary camel breeds (Text)
Prospects of improving semen collection and preservation from elite dromedary camel breeds (Other)
HTML Summary of #414 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Prospects of improving semen collection and preservation from elite dromedary camel breeds</epc:when>
Low reproductive performance is one of the most important factors affecting camel productivity. The genetic improvement of dromedary camels is still less progressed compared with other productive farm animals. In order to improve productive and reproductive performance of camels, monitoring and increasing efficient selection strategies in concurrent with developing assisted reproductive technologies and establishing a semen bank for elite camel breeds is urgently needed. To this date, semen preservation and its related techniques in dromedary camels has been slow due to the continual preference of natural breeding with elite males, the difficulty of semen collection, the highly viscous nature of camel semen and the low sperm resilience, unable to withstand processing for preservation. The present article is aimed in surveying of the fundamental challenges of semen collection, processing and preservation from dromedary camels. Developing a collection process, improving the rheological characteristics of delivered semen, modification of extenders and optimizations of the preservation protocols have also been discussed.
Prospects of improving semen collection and preservation from elite dromedary camel breeds
Effect of broiler breeders age on hatchability, candling, water loss, chick yield and dead in shell (Text)
Effect of broiler breeders age on hatchability, candling, water loss, chick yield and dead in shell (Other)
HTML Summary of #454 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of broiler breeders age on hatchability, candling, water loss, chick yield and dead in shell</epc:when>
Water loss, chick yield and DIS analysis are all important factors in quality investigation of both the chick and hatchery performance. The age of breeders affect the hatchability, egg weight, chick weight water loss, Candling and DIS. In this experiment the broiler breeder were divided into three groups on the basis of age, young (24-30 weeks), prime (31-50 weeks) and old (51+ weeks) to investigate the effects of hatchability , egg weight, chick weight , Water loss, chick yield and DIS along mal-position and mal-formations. Hatchability (81.98±1.1, 88.44±1.6, 79.60±1.6), candling (10.25±1.25, 6.44±0.88, 10.73±1.25), DIS (7.7±0.4, 5.1±0.6, 9.6±0.6), water loss (11.29±0.11, 11.77±0.16, 12.13±0.16), egg weight (57.2±0.5, 64.2±0.7, 70.5±0.7), chick weight (39.4±0.3, 43.9±0.5, 48.15±0.5) were significantly (P< 0.001) different for young, prime and old groups respectively. For crack eggs (0.5 ±0.12, 0.5±0.17, 1.1±0.17) and contaminated eggs (0.63 ±0.09, 0.50±0.12, 1.31±0.12) young and prime were significantly (P< 0.0001) better then old. Young, prime and old were significantly different for early embryonic mortality (3.07±0.3, 3.46±0.2, 4.55±0.3) respectively, while for mid (1.04±0.13, 0.53±0.09, 1.0±0.13) and late embryonic mortality (3.77±0.4, 2.58±0.2, 3.28±0.4) prime was significantly better than young and old. Range of hatch window was 20-24 hours for prime and old while 20-22 hours for young. Mal-Position and Mal-Formation were significantly identical for all three groups. Mal-Position and Mal-Formation were 1.5% and 0.5% for total eggs set respectively.
Effect of broiler breeders age on hatchability, candling, water loss, chick yield and dead in shell
Understanding the direct and indirect mechanisms of xylanase action on starch digestion in broilers (Text)
Understanding the direct and indirect mechanisms of xylanase action on starch digestion in broilers (Other)
HTML Summary of #238 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Understanding the direct and indirect mechanisms of xylanase action on starch digestion in broilers</epc:when>
The objective of the current study was to investigate the mechanisms of xylanase action in a maize-soya diet and its effect on starch digestion. A total of 60 broilers were divided into 6 treatment groups; a control group without xylanase, and five other groups supplemented with xylanase (Econase XT 25; 100 g/t) from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 weeks before slaughter. At the end of the experiment, digesta was collected from the gizzard, upper and lower small intestine, and both caeca. Digesta pH ranged from pH 2.2-4.4, 5.9-6.6, 6.7-7.8 and 5.7-7.3 in the gizzard, upper small intestine, lower small intestine, and both caeca, respectively, with no effect of xylanase (P > 0.05). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images along with total starch measurements showed the progression of starch digestion through the tract. The SEM did not show any greater disruption to cell wall material with xylanase supplementation. This suggests that xylanase was not working directly on the cell wall and provides evidence for the hypothesis that xylanase works through an indirect mechanism. Peptide YY (PYY) concentration in the blood was higher during the first few weeks of supplementation, with longer periods of supplementation nulling this effect, implying that xylanase may be acting through a prebiotic mechanism. The RT-q PCR results revealed a numerical increase in glucose transporter (GLUT2 and SGLT1) expression at 2 and 3 weeks of xylanase supplementation, respectively, which might suggest a greater absorption capacity of birds. From these results, a potential mechanism of xylanase action in maize-based diets has been proposed.
Understanding the direct and indirect mechanisms of xylanase action on starch digestion in broilers
Understanding of social and mating behaviour of ostrich (Struthio camelus) (Text)
Understanding of social and mating behaviour of ostrich (Struthio camelus) (Other)
HTML Summary of #262 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Understanding of social and mating behaviour of ostrich (Struthio camelus)</epc:when>
The ostrich is the largest wild ratite bird. The head of ostrich is 1.8-2.75m above ground due to large legs. The ostrich is the largest vertebrate and achieves a speed of 60-65km/h. There are four extinct subspecies and limited to Africa. The preferred habitat in nature is the open area, small grass corners and open desert. They choose more open woodland and avoid areas of dense woodland and tall grass. In natural environment, ostrich is gregarious and lives in groups. This small crowd are led mature sire or dam. Walking, chasing and kantling are exhibited to protect the territories by males. Off springs are protected by adults from predator by mock injury. Other behaviours are yawning, stretching and thermoregulation. Frequency of mating is low in captivity. Mostly male-female ratio is 1:2 (Male: Female) kept in experiment and ostriches are selective in case of their mates and they might direct their courtship displays at humans rather than their mates, due to the presence of humans around in captivity. The breeding behaviour of ostriches is improved due to external application of L-carnitine-magnesium supplement.
Understanding of social and mating behaviour of ostrich (Struthio camelus)
Effect of blend herbal supplement on haematology and serum biochemistry in commercial layer chicken (Text)
Effect of blend herbal supplement on haematology and serum biochemistry in commercial layer chicken (Other)
HTML Summary of #265 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of blend herbal supplement on haematology and serum biochemistry in commercial layer chicken</epc:when>
Many herbal supplements are tested for theirs efficacy in poultry to replace the antibiotic growth promoter. Hence this study was carried out to find the effect of a blend herbal preparation (Ocimum sanctum, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum, Trigonella foenum graceum and Curcuma longa) on the vital parameters in layers. An experimental trial for three weeks was carried out on 80 layers aged 11 weeks. Birds were randomly divided to 4 groups with 2 replicate for each group and supplemented by herbal preparation @ 0.1 percent, 0.25 percent and 0.5 percent in feed. The results indicated a significant increase in the red blood cells count, white blood cell count, total protein, albumin, globulin, calcium, phosphorus and reduction in the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase with alanine aminotransferase in the normal range. The significant increase in the vital parameters, decrease in hepatic enzymes inside the clinically healthy condition denote that the birds were in good health. Birds increased nutrient utilization, improved oxygen carrying capacity and caused active immune system. The better absorption of minerals like calcium and phosphorus signifies the role of herbs in enhancing digestion performance. Oral feeding caused a normal activity of hepatic enzymes which can prove safety and hepatoprotective nature of these herbs. Therefore, it can be concluded that supplementation of these herbs in the layer feed could be important in prevention of diseases in birds. However further studies are recommended to indicate the toxic levels of these herbs and optimize the beneficial dosage in diet of layer birds.
Effect of blend herbal supplement on haematology and serum biochemistry in commercial layer chicken
Effect of chemically treated litter on ammonia emmission, performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken (Text)
Effect of chemically treated litter on ammonia emmission, performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken (Other)
HTML Summary of #295 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of chemically treated litter on ammonia emmission, performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken</epc:when>
The condition of litter is a single major factor in deciding the emission of various harmful gases particularly ammonia, which is a major environmental concern, affecting the overall welfare of birds. Therefore, a study was conducted with the objectives to assess the effect of two chemicals namely aluminum sulfate and calcium carbonate on litter ammonia emission, performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken. A total of 240 day old Cobb broiler chicks were randomly distributed into four treatment groups, each having 4 replicates of 13 chicks each. In the control group no chemical was added to litter; however, in other groups litter was treated with Aluminum Sulfate (AS) @ 25g/kg; Calcium Carbonate (CC) @ 50g/kg; and combination of 25g Aluminum Sulfate and 50g Calcium Carbonate/kg (ASCC). The results revealed a significant (P0.05) difference among themselves. AS was found to be highly effective in reducing the ammonia emission levels, either by itself or in combination, with values of 9.46 ± 0.35 (AS) and 10.499 ± 0.39 (ASCC) compared to 47.7 ± 2.40 and 51.15 ± 1.85 ppm in CC and control. A significant (P0.05) differences were found with respect to various carcass characteristics among treatment groups as compared to control. In conclusion, compared to CC, AS was found to be highly effective in reducing the litter ammonia emission and improving the performance of birds.
Effect of chemically treated litter on ammonia emmission, performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken
Performances of broiler chickens fed on diet supplemented with thyme and oregano essential oils stabilized in a plant charcoal matrix (Text)
Performances of broiler chickens fed on diet supplemented with thyme and oregano essential oils stabilized in a plant charcoal matrix (Other)
HTML Summary of #299 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Performances of broiler chickens fed on diet supplemented with thyme and oregano essential oils stabilized in a plant charcoal matrix</epc:when>
This study was designed to mitigate the volatile and oxidative ability of essential oils (EOs) in poultry feed using natural plant charcoal. The dietary treatments consisted of supplementing control diet (R0) with 0.01% of the mixture (1/1) of thyme and oregano EOs (RTh+or), 0.2% of Canarium charcoal without EO (R0C), 0.2% charcoal respectively enriched with 0.01% of thyme EO (R0C+Th), oregano EO (R0C+Or) and the mixture of EOs (R0C+Th+Or). Results revealed a non-significant increase in weight gain for about 5 and 6%, respectively with the mixture of the EOs without charcoal and charcoal enriched with the mixture of the EOs compared to the control (R0). The carcass yield was higher with oregano EO and the mixture of EOs compared to the other treatments. Intestinal density was lower (P < 0.05) with the mixture of the EOs compared to thyme EO alone and the control ration. Charcoal containing EOs significantly increased (P < 0.05) total protein in serum content, triglycerides, albumin, globulin and decreased serum content in creatinin, ASAT, ALAT and cholesterol. Hematological parameters were not significantly affected by the treatments. The blend of EOs associated or not to charcoal increased lactic acid bacteria count in both the ileum and the cæcum as compared to E. coli and salmonella. It was concluded that Canarium charcoal can be used to stabilize EOs in the feed for gut microbiota modulation and better growth performances of broiler chickens.
Performances of broiler chickens fed on diet supplemented with thyme and oregano essential oils stabilized in a plant charcoal matrix
Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotics and organic acids on performance, intestinal microbiology, serum biochemistry and carcass traits of broiler chickens (Text)
Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotics and organic acids on performance, intestinal microbiology, serum biochemistry and carcass traits of broiler chickens (Other)
HTML Summary of #343 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotics and organic acids on performance, intestinal microbiology, serum biochemistry and carcass traits of broiler chickens</epc:when>
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of probiotics and organic acids, as alternative feed additives to antibiotics, on productive performance of broilers. Two different types of probiotics varying in the microbial content were tested and organic acids blend was compared against a single organic acid (lactic acid). One hundred and ninety eight broiler chicks were randomly allocated into six treatments, each with 33 chicks. Every treatment consisted of 3 replicates with 11 birds per replicate. The dietary treatments were a control diet without any feed additives or the same control diet supplemented either with a commercial antibiotic (Maxus®G200), probiotics (Bactocell® or Biopellet-S®) or acidifiers (Salmo-Nil Dry® or lactic acid). The antibiotic was added to the diet at the rate of 0.005%, whereas the probiotics were used at 0.01%. The product Salmo-Nil Dry® was provided to the diet at a level of 0.4%, whereas the lactic acid was used at 0.20 %. It was found that the antibiotic, probiotics and lactic acid increased the body weight. All dietary supplements improved the FCR compared to the control. The additives reduced the serum cholesterol level and the pH of small intestine but did not affect the carcass yield, breast or organ weights. The feed supplements showed a numerical decrease in intestinal aerobes, fecal coliforms and E. coli counts. In addition, all additives significantly reduced total aerobic and staphylococcus counts in the carcass meat, with a numerical decrease in E. coli count. In conclusions, probiotics and acidifiers can be used as potential alternatives to antibiotics in broiler diets. No difference between the used types of probiotics was detected. Lactic acid alone seems to produce better performance results than the organic acid mixture. The effect of lactic acid produced by bacteria might be similar to that of the chemical one.
Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotics and organic acids on performance, intestinal microbiology, serum biochemistry and carcass traits of broiler chickens
Assessment of a New Backyard poultry strain "Kaveri" in farmer's situation, Rural Odisha, India (Text)
Assessment of a New Backyard poultry strain "Kaveri" in farmer's situation, Rural Odisha, India (Other)
HTML Summary of #130 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Assessment of a New Backyard poultry strain "Kaveri" in farmer's situation, Rural Odisha, India</epc:when>
Backyard poultry plays an important role in livelihoods of Indian farmers. Research and Development efforts on developing improved strains to enhance productivity have enhanced farmer’s income. Scaling up of improved strains is based on adaptive trials conducted by extension agencies for location specificity and feasibility. The present study is a first time report in India on the performance of newly released Kaveri poultry in the backyard production system through an on farm trial by Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Khordha, the farm science centre of Indian council of agricultural research at the district level. Kaveri birds have characteristic features like low early chick and laying mortality, excellent flock uniformity, early sexual maturity, withstanding predators, laying brown colour eggs etc. The participatory trial was organised at 30 farmer’s fields administering participatory approach by providing 300 chicks to the farmers. The biggest gain of Kaveri poultry in the trial was the body weight, which was recorded to be 3200 gm in male and 2800 gm in female birds at the end of 12 months study period compared to the 1750 gm and 1250 gm respectively with the local strains. Kaveri chicks exhibited superiority in their liveability with a mortality rate of 15% during the critical period of the first 10 weeks of their life compared to the most popular backyard improved strain Vanaraja in which it is up to 24% in the backyard system. Majority of the farmers perceived that this strain can withstand predation which scores better than the other improved strains. The study concluded that Kaveri is suitable for backyard farming system and is highly profitable. Attempts were taken in 2016 to link the results of the strain assessment to the mainstream extension at the district for larger adoption of rural communities.
Assessment of a New Backyard poultry strain "Kaveri" in farmer's situation, Rural Odisha, India
A report of Ascaridia galli in commercial poultry egg from India (Text)
A report of Ascaridia galli in commercial poultry egg from India (Other)
HTML Summary of #135 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">A report of Ascaridia galli in commercial poultry egg from India</epc:when>
Ascaridia galli is a major encountered species of nemathelminthes in the domestic fowl from all around the world. The parasite causes many pathological conditions which may lead to production losses in the poultry industry. Life cycle of the nematode is direct and involves a single host. Adult parasites present in the small intestine but, erratically they can migrate to the other visceral organs including oviduct. In the study, we isolated two adult female parasites of species A. galli from albumin portion of the poultry egg. Isolated parasites as well as extracted eggs were examined by parasitological techniques. While erratic migration, It may lead the mechanical transmission of enteric pathogens including Salmonella spp. to the egg. Such reports may lead to consumer complaints as well as health problems in the people who consume raw eggs. Poultry egg harbouring such nematode and Salmonella organisms is a cause of concern, as it is widely consumed by people.
A report of Ascaridia galli in commercial poultry egg from India
Retrospective study on survival time of cats with mammary carcinomas undergoing surgery alone or with adjuvant chemotherapy (Text)
Retrospective study on survival time of cats with mammary carcinomas undergoing surgery alone or with adjuvant chemotherapy (Other)
HTML Summary of #395 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Retrospective study on survival time of cats with mammary carcinomas undergoing surgery alone or with adjuvant chemotherapy</epc:when>
This retrospective study was carried out to evaluate disease free interval (DFI) and survival time of cats with mammary carcinomas that underwent mastectomy (RM) and adjuvant chemotherapy (RMAC) in 35 cats to remove the neoplastic mammary chain and regional inguinal lymphadenectomy. According to performed treatment, the cats were divided into two groups. The RM group (21 cats) received no adjuvant therapy, and the RMAC group (14 cats) received chemotherapy with mitoxantrone or doxorubicin. Histopathological margins were considered complete in all cases. Eight cats had histologically confirmed lymph node involvement at the time of surgery. Three cases were classified as stage I, 21 cases as II and eight cases as III. Nine cats had tumor recurrence (four cats of RM group and five cats of RMAC group) and 12 cats had distant metastasis to the lungs (six cats of each group). Mean and median survival times were 1625 and 2404 days in the RM group, while mean DFI was 815 days. In RMAC group, mean and median survival times were 719 and 690 days, while mean DFI was 549 days. Surgery remains the main treatment and more studies are necessary to evaluate the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy.
Retrospective study on survival time of cats with mammary carcinomas undergoing surgery alone or with adjuvant chemotherapy
Bovine tuberculosis prevalence, potential risk factors and its public health implication in selected state dairy farms, central Ethiopia (Text)
Bovine tuberculosis prevalence, potential risk factors and its public health implication in selected state dairy farms, central Ethiopia (Other)
HTML Summary of #424 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Bovine tuberculosis prevalence, potential risk factors and its public health implication in selected state dairy farms, central Ethiopia</epc:when>
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M.bovis), is endemic in Ethiopia. However, its magnitude in cattle and human population are not well documented. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 720 apparently healthy dairy cattle kept in three different state owned farms in central Ethiopia to quantify the risk factors and determine the prevalence of BTB using (CIDT) Comparative Intra-Dermal Tuberculin Test from December 2013 to November 2014. Questionnaire survey was used to assess the risk factors and zoonotic implication of BTB. The prevalence of BTB was at 16.53% (95% CI 14.2-18.9) and It was significantly higher in crossbreed (X2= 54.76; P< 0.001; OR=16.1; 95% CI=6.2-41.1) and animals older than 4 years (X2=34.51; P< 0.001, OR =6.22; 95% CI=3.5-11.12). Moreover, the prevalence was also significantly higher in good body conditioned dairy cattle compared to poor body conditioned dairy cattle (X2=29.69; P < 0.001; OR=2.45; 95% CI=1.1-5.7). The prevalence of BTB was also significantly varied among the reproductive status of the dairy cattle (X2 =18.10; P< 0.001).The majority of the respondents consume raw milk (66.1% and raw meat (74.20%) respectively. There was statistically significant variation (X2 =12.51; P< 0.03) in consumption habit between educated and non-educated dairy farm workers. The major risk factors for bovine tuberculosis in this study were breed and age of the dairy cattle. Consumption of raw milk and meat is still a common practice in the study farms. Culling of aged dairy cattle and continuous test and slaughter of infected cattle should be practiced at least in state owned dairy farms to decrease the risk of transmission. In addition to awareness creation of the public particularly the dairy farm workers on the zoonotic nature of tuberculosis is of utmost importance to control bovine tuberculosis.
Bovine tuberculosis prevalence, potential risk factors and its public health implication in selected state dairy farms, central Ethiopia
Isolation and characterization of bacterial species from respiratory tracts of cattle slaughtered in Addis Ababa City, Central Ethiopia (Text)
Isolation and characterization of bacterial species from respiratory tracts of cattle slaughtered in Addis Ababa City, Central Ethiopia (Other)
HTML Summary of #435 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Isolation and characterization of bacterial species from respiratory tracts of cattle slaughtered in Addis Ababa City, Central Ethiopia</epc:when>
The present study was an attempt to isolate and identify the diverse bacteria localizing pneumonic lungs and the associated tracheas of 50 slaughtered cattle at Addis Ababa Abattoirs enterprise, central Ethiopia, in both aerobic and anaerobic environments. 158 and 135 bacterial isolate was found in aerobic and anaerobic state, respectively using primary and secondary microbiological testes. Gram positive bacteria were the dominant bacteria in both conditions. The frequency of isolation increased from trachea down to the lung in both state indicating the bacterial role in the progress of bovine pneumonia. Most prevalently isolated bacteria from both aerobics and anaerobics conditions were Staphylococcus species, Bacillus species, Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida. Whereas the Streptococcus species, E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Actinobacillus species, Micrococcus species, Arcanobacterium, species Neisseriaspecies, Acinetobacter species, Corynebacterium species, Bordetella species, Pseudomonas species, and Rhodococcus equi were among the bacteria isolated.
Isolation and characterization of bacterial species from respiratory tracts of cattle slaughtered in Addis Ababa City, Central Ethiopia
Prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine schistosomiasis in Northwestern Ethiopia (Text)
Prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine schistosomiasis in Northwestern Ethiopia (Other)
HTML Summary of #436 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine schistosomiasis in Northwestern Ethiopia</epc:when>
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by microorganisms from the genus Schistosoma. It has a huge negative impact on both economy and health worldwide. In this paper a cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine schistosomiasis in north western Ethiopia with the objective of providing detailed information on bovine schistosomiasis prevalence in relation to animal and ecological related risk factors. The sampled animals were categorized under four associated risk factors which include: origin, sex, body condition score and age. Fecal samples were randomly collected from a total of 289 animals and Schistosoma’s eggs were identified by sedimentation technique. 69 (23.9%) fecal samples were revealed positive for Schistosoma. The highest (29.8%) prevalence rate was recorded at Keltafa district followed by Lalibella (25.9 %), Korench (19.1%) and kurbiha (14.0%). Animals categorized under medium body condition score has a relative high prevalence (25.7%) followed by poor (24.3%) and good body condition (21.7%) animals. In conclusion, the prevalence recorded among different selected study districts, sex, body condition score and age groups shows some degree of variability and insignificant (p>0.05), which resulted from the difference in abundancy of marshy areas and rivers, animal’s immunity and types of management system. Despite these variability factors, the disease has a great socio-economic impact that needs intervention.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine schistosomiasis in Northwestern Ethiopia
Effect of Psyllium husk fiber on growth performance, egg quality traits and lipid profile in layers under high ambient temperature (Text)
Effect of Psyllium husk fiber on growth performance, egg quality traits and lipid profile in layers under high ambient temperature (Other)
HTML Summary of #263 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of Psyllium husk fiber on growth performance, egg quality traits and lipid profile in layers under high ambient temperature</epc:when>
The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of cholesterol lowering effect of Psyllium husk in egg yolk cholesterol through dietary supplementation in white Leghorn layers. A total of 180 commercial layer hens were randomly divided into four equal groups of 45 birds each to be allocated to four dietary regimes, consist of 0, 5, 10 and 20 g of Psyllium per kg diet, each group was subdivided into three replicate containing 15 layers per replicate. Dietary treatments had a non-significant effect on weight gain, egg production, feed intake and mortality. There was a positive impact of dietary Psyllium levels on egg mass and shell thickness, however, haugh unit and egg shape index deteriorated with higher dietary inclusion of Psyllium. Cholesterol levels in yolk and blood reduced significantly (P < 0.05) with an increasing level of dietary Psyllium. The results from present study suggested that dietary inclusion of Psyllium can be an effective tool for the reduction of blood and egg yolk cholesterol levels.
Effect of Psyllium husk fiber on growth performance, egg quality traits and lipid profile in layers under high ambient temperature
Phosphorus utilisation and growth performance of broiler chicken fed diets containing graded levels of supplementary myo-inositol with and without exogenous phytase (Text)
Phosphorus utilisation and growth performance of broiler chicken fed diets containing graded levels of supplementary myo-inositol with and without exogenous phytase (Other)
HTML Summary of #288 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Phosphorus utilisation and growth performance of broiler chicken fed diets containing graded levels of supplementary myo-inositol with and without exogenous phytase</epc:when>
A total of 80 male Ross 308 broiler chickens were used in this study to quantify the response and inter-relationship of bird growth performance, dietary nitrogen corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn), and nutrient digestibility as a result of feeding graded levels of supplementary myo-inositol (MYO) with and without exogenous phytase (PHY). Supplementation of diet that was formulated to be insufficient in available Phosphorus (P) with graded levels of MYO improved daily weigh gain (WG) and AMEn intake (P < 0.05; quadratic) and linearly reduced (P < 0.05) the concentration and the secretion of sialic acid (SA) in excreta. Supplementation with PHY improved (P < 0.05) dietary dry matter (DMD) and nitrogen (ND) digestibility coefficients. Dietary phosphorus digestibility (PD) increased with PHY addition as expected but the effect was much more pronounced in the low MYO group compared with high MYO diets as described by the interaction (P < 0.05). The interaction showed that increasing MYO content had no effect in the absence of PHY but it depressed P digestibility in the diets containing PHY. It can be concluded that dietary MYO improves bird growth and possibly intestinal health of broiler chickens. Dietary supplementation with either MYO or PHY may improve growth of chickens although these effects may not always be additive.
Phosphorus utilisation and growth performance of broiler chicken fed diets containing graded levels of supplementary myo-inositol with and without exogenous phytase
Effect of dietary mimosa small bell (Dichostachys glomerata) fruit supplement as alternative to antibiotic growth promoter for broiler chicken (Text)
Effect of dietary mimosa small bell (Dichostachys glomerata) fruit supplement as alternative to antibiotic growth promoter for broiler chicken (Other)
HTML Summary of #293 <epc:when xmlns:epc="http://eprints.org/ep3/control" test="title">Effect of dietary mimosa small bell (Dichostachys glomerata) fruit supplement as alternative to antibiotic growth promoter for broiler chicken</epc:when>
There is a growing interest in plant feed additives as a consequence of the antibiotics growth promoters restriction in livestock farming all over the world. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Dichrostachys glomerata fruit powder on the growth performances of broiler chickens. A group of chickens fed on a basal diet without any supplementation (negative control R0-) was compared to three other groups fed on diets supplemented by 0.1% of antibiotic (positive control R0+), 0.2% (R0.2) and 0.4% (R0.4) D. glomerata fruit powder respectively. The results revealed a significant decrease in feed intake as compared to the negative and the positive control. The lowest Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was recorded with diet supplemented with antibiotic and 0.2% D. glomerata. The Body Weight (BW) and the Body Weight Gain (BWG) of chickens fed on diets supplemented with D. glomerata had an upward trend as compared to negative control diet. Apart from the relative weight of the head which tended to increase in coordination with increasing levels of D. glomerata in feed, this phytobiotic had no significant effect (P>0.05) on carcass characteristics. The increasing level of this phytobiotic tended to decrease serum content of creatinine as compared to the negative and positive control diets. The serum content in ASpartate AminoTransferase (ASAT) tended to increase with the increasing levels of this phytobiotic mean while no significant effect (P>0.05) was recorded on the serum contents of urea, total proteins and ALanine AminoTransferase (ALAT). In conclusion, 0.2% of D. glomerata fruit powder can be used to replace antibiotic, for a better growth performances and to produce antibiotics residues free chicken meat.
Effect of dietary mimosa small bell (Dichostachys glomerata) fruit supplement as alternative to antibiotic growth promoter for broiler chicken