Scienceline Publication Repository: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
2024-03-28T16:27:57Z
EPrints
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2024-03-19T00:54:53Z
2024-03-19T00:54:53Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/998
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/998
2024-03-19T00:54:53Z
Secondary school re-entry programme of teenage mothers: views of stakeholders in Zanzibar, Tanzania
Increasing access to education through the re-entry policy for girls after school pregnancy could be seen in terms of bringing about social justice and equity in education, especially in developing countries, and enabling them to realise its benefits. This strong international and philosophical commitment is different from the traditional view of education as preparation for life roles. Therefore, implementing it in the African context might be expected to raise several problems, possibly resulting in a lack of commitment on the ground. The purpose of this study was to assess the views of stakeholders on the re-entry programme of teenage mothers into secondary schools in Unguja Urban-West district, Tanzania. The study used a mixed method approach and convergent mixed methods design. The study used a sample size of 160 participants, including teachers and parents. The findings revealed that stakeholders were sceptical of the success of this policy. Teenage mothers do not have enough time to complete their homework and to study at home because their relatives who take care of the babies want to be free of child chores the moment they are back at home. The babies also want attention from their mothers when they return from school. For effective implementation of school re-entry programme among teenage mother, schools should create an enabling learning environment that accommodates both the needs of teenage mothers and their children.
Bakari Ngaza
Prospery M. Mwila
2024-03-19T00:54:50Z
2024-03-19T00:54:50Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/997
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/997
2024-03-19T00:54:50Z
The comparison of cognitive distortions and dysfunctional attitudes of normal adolescents and adolescents with conduct disorder
Over the past few decades, conduct disorder has increased rapidly. However, few studies have been conducted on the role of interpersonal cognitive distortions and dysfunctional attitudes in this kind of disorder. This is a causal-comparative study. The research statistical population is composed of all the adolescents with conduct disorder living at Esfahan’s Centre for Rehabilitation and Training in 2021. Also, research sample size encompasses a total of 60 adolescents: 30 adolescents with conduct disorder and 30 normal. Two groups were matched regarding the age, sex and educational level. The research tools were three questionnaires on demographic characteristics, interpersonal cognitive distortion and dysfunctional attitude scales. Data were analyzed by Multivariate Regression. According to the research data analysis, there was not a significant difference between two groups with regard to the misconception mean scores in interpersonal relations and interpersonal cognitive distortions. However, mean scores of adolescents suffering from conduct disorder in rejection with interpersonal relations, unrealistic expectations, and dysfunctional attitudes were significant (P<0.05). According to findings of the study, it seems that dysfunctional attitudes and interpersonal cognitive distortions are effective in causing disorders. Thus, by providing grounds for psychological interventions, conduct disorder can be treated with better results.
Yousef Jamalpour
2024-03-19T00:54:48Z
2024-03-19T00:54:48Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/996
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/996
2024-03-19T00:54:48Z
Effect of multimedia on achievement in social sciences in relation to gender at secondary school level
The present study was conducted to explore the effect of multimedia on achievement in social sciences in reference to gender at secondary school level. The procedure was executed by employing pre-test and post-test with reference to group i.e. control group and experimental group. A sample of 100 students of IX class was taken from IX class social science students affiliated to C.B.S.E. To measure the achievement, achievement test in science was used as research tool. The study was delimited to IX class secondary school students affiliated to C.B.S.E only. Experimental group was taught science with multimedia, the control group was taught science through conventional method. The data was analyzed with the assistance of statistics namely descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and graphical representation. The results of the data revealed that there is a significant effect of interaction between multimedia and gender on achievement in science of secondary school students.
Lakhwinder Kaur
Arjinder Singh
Parminder Kaur
2024-03-19T00:54:45Z
2024-03-19T00:54:45Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/995
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/995
2024-03-19T00:54:45Z
Perceptions of secondary English teachers towards modular learning modality
The present study aimed to have an in-depth phenomenological understanding of the various perceptions of the non-randomly selected five secondary English teachers in a public school in Paracale, Camarines Norte, Philippines towards the Modular Learning Modality being implemented by the Department of Education in terms of the following parameters; 1) demographic profile of the participants in terms of age, sex and location of residence; 2) the various perceptions of the participants based on their daily experiences as secondary English teachers towards the Modular Learning Modality in terms of school materials and devices navigation concerns and issues, financial aspect, and communicating with the learners and learner’s parents and; 3.) practical recommendations by the participants to the learners, parents and school administrators in order to (if not to) lessen negative perceptions (difficulties) but to also improve the system implementation of Modular Learning Modality. This study done by doing a face to face interview method (considering strict health protocols) with the participants in the data collection procedure. Thematic analysis approach specifically coding of themes was done to filter and have an in-depth understanding of the different perceptions of the participants towards MLD in a public school in Paracale, Camarines Norte. Results revealed that most of the participants perceived that the MLD is difficult in terms of materials and devices navigation concerns and issues especially when the materials and devices needed for huge volume reproduction of modules for a large number of learners are insufficient and unstable. The participants also perceived that there are challenges in the financial aspect, communicating with both parents and learners when distributing, retrieving and checking the modules, learners have low comprehension levels, have no (available) communication devices such as mobile phones (at least), internet connectivity and too far home location. The participants recommended that material supplies and devices must be made available on time, conduct face to face session with less than the usual number of students in class for a short span of time daily or at least weekly. There should be para-teachers assigned to remote and far-flung areas to assist the low-performing students and students who do not have access to adult’s assistance. Povide Filipino or Tagalog translations for the instructions in the modules especially for materials written in English, and consider risograph in reproducing modules.
Gelli Aguilar-Abando
2024-03-19T00:54:42Z
2024-03-19T00:54:42Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/994
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/994
2024-03-19T00:54:42Z
Research Competency and Satisfaction among the Faculty Members and Administrators of Laguna State Polytechnic University: Basis for Research Competency Initiative Program
A research involving the research competency and satisfaction among faculty members and administrators of Laguna State University (LSPU): basis for research competency initiative Program is described in this paper. The descriptive method of research was employed in this study to gather the necessary data and information on the research competency of faculty and administrators. The purpose of the study is to determine the research competency and satisfaction of the faculty members of LSPU that would be the basis of faculty research competency enhancement and development program. This research intends to determine the respondents’ level of competency in writing research paper in terms of conceptual skill, computational skills, and technical skills. Also, the determination of the level of satisfaction on the facilities/resources provided by the institution to enhance the research capabilities, and to recommend valuable activities for the enhancement of research competency of the university. Findings showed the research administrators of the LSPU are administratively capable of doing research. As to process, the researchers are competent along conceptual skills, moderately competent in computational skills and technical skills. In the level of satisfaction on the facilities/resources, the respondents are looking for more journals, books and other materials as well as training area for in-house and small conferences. The Research Unit, thru the supervision of the VP for Research, should continue to find means and ways to improve the research competency in the college. In addition, the faculty must be provided with the necessary training in communication both in oral and written, as needed in writing a research paper.
Rina J. Arcigal
Mario R. Briones
2024-03-19T00:54:40Z
2024-03-19T00:54:40Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/993
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/993
2024-03-19T00:54:40Z
Job flexibility as a predictor of organizational commitment
This research was conducted across nine constituent colleges under the Royal University of Bhutan (RUB) with the aim to investigate the influence of job flexibility on the organizational commitment by using explanatory (causal) and inferential research design. From the total of 550 populations, 232 samples were drawn proportionately by using Yamane’s (1967) formula. The structured survey instrument was used to collect the primary data. The four term variables i.e., time, location, amount of work and continuity flexibility were used to measure job flexibility. Similarly, affective, continuance and normative commitment were used to measure organizational commitment. The mean value analysis and also regression analysis were used respectively to study the degree of job flexibility and organizational commitment, and the relationship between them. The amount of work flexibility has a weak but positive relationship with affective commitment (r=158, p<0.05) and continuance commitment (r=283, p<0.05). The findings revealed that respondents have a high degree of affective commitment and a moderate degree of normative and continuance commitment towards the organization. Respondents perceived that they have a moderate degree of time, amount of work and continuity flexibility and a low degree of location flexibility in the organization. It is concluded that job flexibility is not a strong determinant of organizational commitment. This may be because of the intermediating effect of job security between job flexibility and organizational commitment which needs further investigation.
Khem Prasad Gautam
Priya Sharma
Keshar Nath Dhakal
Amrit Sharma
2024-03-18T03:19:43Z
2024-03-18T03:19:43Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/992
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/992
2024-03-18T03:19:43Z
COVID-19 pandemic: the case of Laguna state polytechnic university community response
While there are limited vaccine to prevent the coronavirus disease, chairperson of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) also asked students and personnel to strictly follow recommended preventive actions to avoid being exposed to the virus and to prevent its spread, such as avoiding close contact with people who are sick, staying home when sick, covering mouth and nose when sneezing, cleaning and disinfecting frequently used objects, and sanitizing hands regularly. The CHED chairman added that tertiary institutions must ensure that there are adequate safeguards within the campus such as hand sanitizers and information tools such as tarpaulins showing preventive measures to take against the disease. This study specifically, intends to describe the level of responsiveness of Laguna State Polytechnic University (LSPU) in coronavirus (COVID -19) pandemic which includes: the planning phase, enhanced communication due to reports of effective human-to-human disease transmission, social distancing, pandemic period, and management of pandemic cases. Also, this research tends to develop a resulting plan outlines departments, activities, and resources that are necessity in the milestone decisions. This research also undertakes the important task of measuring the economic and social importance of different social distancing and pharmaceutical interventions that are normally adopted by the public health officials and private citizens in an effort to fight COVID-19 pandemic. These interventions may include social distancing, a prioritized governmental distribution of vaccines and antiviral medications, and pharmaceutical consumption in the private sector. Individuals may possess strong private incentives to avoid the disease, and are willing to self- impose social distancing measures. Traditional models in epidemiology and economics focus on the prevalence of the disease. Result of this study showed that LSPU promptly responded to the pandemic by going online. In record time, the administrators, staff, as well as the students moved from physical spaces that provided them with much social interactions. LSPU shift to online platforms happened and mainly driven by the academic needs of the whole academic community and had digital learning platforms in place, and the means to operate, for the continuous education of the students. As the situation continuous to develop, the administrators are taking active role in addressing both the immediate and long-term challenges related to the outbreak. The LSPU community initializing to help students with lack of access to internet connection by proving E-Bus that are deployed to different part of the community.
Rina J. Arcigal
2024-03-18T03:16:14Z
2024-03-18T03:16:14Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/991
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/991
2024-03-18T03:16:14Z
When information processing is demanding: the importance of performance feedback
Working memory is a limited component of the cognitive system that requires attentional control to store information despite internal and external interruptions actively. There is a prolonged understanding that working memory capacity is a trait variable; and emerging evidence indicates that it possesses state variable qualities (i.e. momentary oscillations). Corresponding variations have been discovered in WM-consuming situations such as stress, anxiety, and intrusive thoughts. The current study investigated such phenomena using false feedback as a manipulation to investigate transient changes in working memory capacity. Participants performed a highly correlated working memory task, preceded by manipulating either negative or positive feedback, and then completed a second closely correlated working memory task. The results indicated that the manipulation affected participants’ performance on a subsequent second working memory task. Our results indicated that it is feasible to modulate the level of working memory capacity accessible on a limited basis. The findings of present study are pertinent to additional domains such as (social, educational, professional) in which information load may lead to stress and decrease working memory capacity and processing speed. The current research demonstrates the importance of feedback to enhance working memory capacity. Our study also recommends that the information load can be handled more efficiently to promote learning through different strategies.
Suhail Rafiq Mir
Shah Mohd. Khan
2024-03-18T03:10:15Z
2024-03-18T03:10:15Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/990
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/990
2024-03-18T03:10:15Z
Working conditions and work performance of remote elementary school teachers
Working conditions are a critical component in determining an employee's productivity as well as their ability to be efficient and successful. The purpose of this study was to characterize working conditions and their impact on the job performance of elementary school teachers in Boven Digoel district. Data were gathered using survey from 171 respondents, conveniently selected from a total of 536 elementary school teachers of Boven Digoel district. The gathered data were statistically analyzed using the program SPSS version 21. The findings indicated that the working conditions of the elementary school teachers of Boven Digoel district strongly affected their job performance. In addition, the research show that school principals and regional education policymakers must develop favorable working conditions for teachers in order to motivate them to contribute more than is necessary to educate the youth of nations.
Donatus Wea
Agustinus Kia Wolomasi
Basilius Redan Werang
2024-03-17T23:44:14Z
2024-03-18T00:05:00Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/877
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/877
2024-03-17T23:44:14Z
Value Pertinence for Residential Property Investments in Christian Mission Estates: An Investigation of Canaan City in Ogun State, Nigeria
The rapid expansion and urbanization of Lagos state of Nigeria due to uncontrolled rural - urban migration seems to have succeeded in transforming the peri-urban areas of Ota, Ogun state into a mini economic hub, thus propelling property values skywards. The present study ascertains if passing rents, as well as sales value for the various apartments in Canaan city estate as charged by the project developer, is overpriced, and underpriced or fair-priced. The rental data collected from the residents of the estate were compared with rental opinion obtained from practicing estate surveyors and valuers in Ogun State. 240 questionnaires were administered to residents of the estate while 22 questionnaires were administered to registered estate surveying and valuation firms. Interviews and questionnaires were deployed to solicit data from the Physical Planning Department (PPD) being the managers of the estate. The retrieved data were then collated and presented using figures and Tables. Findings showed that the passing rents for all cadres of residential apartments in the estate were discounted with the most discounted apartment type being the 2-bedroom luxury flats and the least discounted apartment type being the 4-bedroom semi-detached houses. For sales value, findings showed that the high end apartments – the detached houses, semi-detached and also the 3-bedroom terrace houses were hugely discounted. Unfortunately, the 1-bedroom and 2-bedroom flats were the least discounted while the 2-bedroom luxury flats and 3-bedroom flats were either within range or slightly overpriced. The study concluded that the passing rents were underpriced due to the income nature of tenants and subsequently, the sales value proposed by the developer of the estate was underpriced. The study recommended an upward review of sales prices should the estate proprietor still continue with the sales of its apartment within Canaan city.
Omolade Adedoyin Akinjare
Victoria Adeola Akinjare
Caleb Abiodun Ayedun
Afolasade Olubunmi Oluwatobi
Matilder Nomteik Alexander
2024-03-16T18:22:33Z
2024-03-16T18:22:33Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/919
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/919
2024-03-16T18:22:33Z
Effects of Xylanase Supplementation on the Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Digestive Organ Profiles of Broiler Chickens: A Meta-analysis
Enzymes supplementation in broiler feeding is commonly applied to optimize animal feed utilization and reduce feed production costs. One of the enzymes widely used in the broiler industry is xylanase which breaks down complex fibrous compounds in feed, such as nonstarch polysaccharides, to simpler utilizable sugar molecules. However, the effects of xylanase enzymes on broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and organ function in broiler chickens were variable and inconclusive. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of the xylanase enzyme in feed on the performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive function of parrots using a meta-analysis approach. A dataset of 140 points obtained from 53 articles was analyzed using a mixed model methodology. The results showed that the xylanase enzyme supplementation increased the broiler�s body weight gain and decreased feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. In addition, xylanase supplementation also increased nutrient digestibility, such as dry matter, crude protein, starch, gross energy, fat, phosphorus, and calcium. Concerning broiler organ weights, the xylanase supplementation in broiler feed significantly reduced the weight of the duodenum, small intestine, and relative length of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Xylanase supplementation also tended to reduce the relative weight of the proventriculus. The results also showed a negative response to the crypt depth ileum of broiler due to xylanase supplementation. It can be concluded that xylanase supplementation improves the performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive function of broiler chickens. © 2022,Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
S.R. Inayah
R. Mutia
A. Jayanegara
Y.R. Yanza
S. Amnah
2024-03-16T18:21:37Z
2024-03-16T18:21:37Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/918
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/918
2024-03-16T18:21:37Z
Effect of Selenium-based Diets on Zootechnical Performance, Hematological Parameters, and Relative Weight of Internal Organs in Broiler Chickens
Two sources of selenium are commonly used in poultry nutrition, the organic and the inorganic forms. This study was carried out to investigate the comparative effect of Sasso broiler breeder feed supplemented with sodium selenite (SS) and selenomethionine (SM) on the zootechnical performance, hematology, and hatching process of chickens. A total of 120 female broiler breeders and 12 roosters of Sasso strain at 47 weeks were equally assigned to three treatments with four replicates per each, including 10 breeders crossed with 1 rooster. The treatment groups were broiler breeders fed a basal diet without selenium supplementation (control), chickens fed the basal diet supplemented with SS, and breeders fed the basal diet supplemented with SM. The inclusion level of each selenium was 0.2 ppm. The collected data included feed intake and egg weight during 8 weeks. In the end, blood samples were collected for hematological investigations. A total of 150 hatching eggs were collected from each treatment. After recording their weight, the eggs were incubated at adequate temperature and relative humidity. On day 18 of incubation, the eggs were weight again, candled, and transferred into the hatcher. Each egg was individually checked every 3 hours during the last 3 days of incubation for hatching events determination. The results showed that breeders fed SM had the lowest feed conversion ratio. There was an increase in the majority of blood parameters in breeders fed SM, compared to other treatments. The lowest duration of the hatching events was observed with breeders fed SM, and consequently, they had the best hatching rate but without any significant difference in the chicks� quality and their weight of internal organs at the hatch. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that using selenium is beneficial, especially in the organic form, which appeared to be more efficient, compared to the inorganic form. © 2022, Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
K. Tona
A.Y. Nenonene
S. Fiougou
E. Oke
A.O. Fafiolu
W. Pitala
2024-03-15T23:48:56Z
2024-03-15T23:48:56Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/880
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/880
2024-03-15T23:48:56Z
UNDERSTANDING LIPID QUALITY VARIABILITY IN ASIA PACIFIC THROUGH COMPREHENSIVE LIPID EVALUATION TESTS
The objective of this study was to investigate the variability in the oxidative quality and nutritional values of different lipid samples collected across Asia-Pacific region. The oxidative quality was evaluated through the peroxide value (PV) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, while the free fatty acid (FFA) content and degree of fatty acid saturation (U/S ratio) were two essential parameters used to understand the nutritional values or metabolizable energy (ME) values of lipid samples. A total of 1221 lipid samples were collected and analyzed over a period of 10 years. The study showed high variability in oxidative quality between the lipid samples. Due to higher unsaturated fatty acid composition, the oxidative quality for most of the fish oil and soybean oil was at a less favorable range compared to rice bran oil, crude palm oil, and refined palm oil. The standard deviation of free fatty acids (FFA) content of soybean oil and refined palm oil was smaller compared to tallow, rice bran oil, crude palm oil, and fish oil. Fish oil and soybean oil had a higher standard deviation in U/S ratio. Variations in the FFA content and U/S ratio contributed to fluctuation in ME values. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
J.X. Ting
A. Thng
H.R. Tay
G.H. Soo
H.C. Ong
2024-03-15T23:45:21Z
2024-03-15T23:45:21Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/879
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/879
2024-03-15T23:45:21Z
ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF RAW CAMEL MILK IN THE SOMALI REGIONAL STATE OF ETHIOPIA
The objective of this study was to determine the physical and microbial quality of raw camel milk along the milk market chain a total of forty-two raw milk samples were taken from milk producers (21 samples) and milk collection centers (21 samples). Each sample was analyzed for physical and microbial quality including temperature, pH, titratable acidity, specific gravity, and clot on boiling, the overall mean and standard deviation values were 27.93 oC, 6.29, 1.030 g/cm3, 0.95, and 88.1 respectively. Microbial quality and safety attributes that include total bacteria count, coliform count, and yeast and mold counts were analyzed. The overall mean log10 counts per ml and standard deviation values for each total bacterial count, coliform count, and microbial analysis were 7.48 log10 CFU/ml, 5.85 log10 CFU/ml, and 4.78 log10 cfu/ml, respectively. The total bacterial count, coliform count, yeast, and mold counts were calculated and show that the milk collection center samples were significantly higher than milk samples obtained from household producers. This study indicated that the quality of camel milk in the study area had low quality and this could cause public risks through the consumption of raw camel milk produced and sold under the present production and handling conditions along the chain. Thus, these calls for strict hygienic measures to improve the quality and safety of camel milk produced and marketed in the study area. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
A.G. Omer
M.D. Ateye
2024-03-15T23:35:28Z
2024-03-15T23:49:39Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/878
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/878
2024-03-15T23:35:28Z
TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF BEEKEEPING IN ERER ZONE OF SOMALI REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
The study was carried out in Erer zone, Somali Region of Ethiopia, to assess beekeeping practices and production. A total of 156 respondents were selected randomly from two purposively selected localities based on beekeeping potential and interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire. The study revealed the majority of the respondents (85.9) practiced traditional beekeeping system and hung their hives on trees away from the homestead in dense forest. The honeybee flora of the area consists mostly of nectar and pollen-producing trees and shrubs including Grewia tenax, Grewia penicillata, Acaciamellifera, Acaciareficiens, Acaciatortilis, Acaciasenegal, and Acaciahorrida. The average honey yield from traditional beehives was 4.85 kg, which is less than the national average yield (5 kg). The average honey yield from modern beehives, on the other hand, was 7.29 kg which is lower the amount obtained from other parts of the country. The major constraints of beekeeping are the high cost of modern hives and accessories, pests and predators of honey bees, water scarcity, shortage of bee forage, bee absconding and marketing. Birds, ants, spiders, wax moth, mice, lizards, and honey badgers were identified as the major honeybee pests and predators based on beekeeper responses. Pests and predators (37.8), destroying nests during honey harvesting (26.9), water scarcity (21.2), and shortage of bee forage (14.1) were the most common reasons for honeybee absconding. Beekeeping production remains low due to these constraints and traditional practices in the area. However, there is enormous potential and opportunity to increase honeybee production in the area. To improve the quantity and quality of honey yield in the area, significant extension and technical intervention, use of locally available beekeeping technologies, appropriate measures to manage honeybee pests and absconding, and training to enrich beekeepers' knowledge are necessary to be implemented. © (2023), (Scienceline Publication). All Rights Reserved.
A. Mahamed
K. Abdimahad
A. Abdilahi
G. Hassen
M. Hassen
A. Omer
2024-03-14T23:15:47Z
2024-03-18T00:06:01Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/871
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/871
2024-03-14T23:15:47Z
Determination of Earthquake Behaviors of a Reinforced Concrete Building with and without Earthquake Base Isolation
There are many fault lines within the borders of our country, especially the North Anatolian Fault line. For this reason, earthquake resistant structural design is a very important issue in order to prevent possible economic losses after earthquakes, especially the life safety of people living in our country. The main goal in earthquake insulation, which is a new approach in earthquake design of buildings, is to reduce the possible effects on the structure by placing flexible elements in the horizontal direction and rigid in the vertical direction, by greatly reducing the earthquake loads and accelerations acting on the superstructure. In this study, the earthquake behavior of the buildings, which were designed by the Housing Development Administration of the Republic of Turkey and designed as a base isolation support, and the structures designed according to the principles determined in the Turkey Building Earthquake Code 2018 by using base isolation, were determined according to the non-linear time history analysis method. The behavior changes of the structure designed using earthquake base isolation compared to the conventional structure were examined, and the period values, floor accelerations and base shear forces of the two structures were compared. As a result of the results obtained, the positive effects of the period increase and the decrease in floor accelerations in the earthquake insulated structure were revealed.
Bulent Kaplan
Furkan Sahin
2024-03-14T23:15:10Z
2024-03-18T00:06:08Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/870
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/870
2024-03-14T23:15:10Z
Intercomparison of Estimates of Reference Evapotranspiration of Surat Region of Gujarat, India
Evapotranspiration is a vital parameter for irrigation planning and management, and for hydrological and climatological studies. This can be estimated by using Blaney-Criddle (BC), Thornthwaite (TW), Hargreaves (HG) and Penman-Monteith (PM) methods. Out of these methods, BC and TW are known as temperature based whereas HG is radiation based and PM is based on Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) report on crop water requirements. This paper illustrates a study on comparison on estimates of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) obtained from temperature, radiation and FAO based methods for Surat region. The meteorological data such as air temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours observed at Surat region for the period 2001 to 2016 is used. In addition, the wind speed and solar radiation data is downloaded from the International Water Management Institute website and used in estimation of ETo using PM. The performance of the methods used in estimation of ETo is evaluated through regression analysis by developing a linear regression between the observed and estimated values of ETo using BC, TW and HG, and FAO based PM. The results of linear regression analysis indicated that there is a good line of agreement between the observed and estimated ETo using PM with CC of 0.968 when compared with those values of BC, TW and HG. The study show that the PM is better suited amongst four methods applied in estimating the ETo for Surat region, Gujarat.
N. Vivekanandan
C. Srishailam
RG. Patil
2024-03-14T23:14:46Z
2024-03-18T00:06:14Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/869
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/869
2024-03-14T23:14:46Z
Progressive Collapse Evaluation of Low-Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings Designed for Different Occupancy Classes
The study aims to investigate the progressive collapse behavior of low-rise reinforced concrete buildings designed for different occupancy classes. For this objective, two low-rise reinforced concrete framed buildings were designed independently according to the Turkish Seismic Code for Buildings by considering the Residential Occupancy Class and Government Buildings Occupancy Class. A nonlinear dynamic analysis method was employed to evaluate the progressive collapse response of the buildings by using the alternate path direct design approach of UFC 4-023-03 and GSA-2016 guidelines. Three-dimensional finite element models were created for the analyses, and fiber hinges were used to represent the nonlinear behavior of the load-bearing members. Three column loss scenarios were implemented independently. The analysis results show that the residual displacement of the residential building is higher than that of the government building in all column removal scenarios. Moreover, the damage conditions of the residential building are commonly worse than the government building for all column loss scenarios. It is deduced from the study that the buildings experienced the most severe local damage, disproportionate to the initial failure, under the inner column loss scenario.
Aydin Demir
2024-03-14T23:14:22Z
2024-03-18T00:06:21Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/868
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/868
2024-03-14T23:14:22Z
A Historical Perspective on the Impact of the Infectious Disease Outbreaks on Architectural and Urban Changes
There has been illnesses and pandemics all through the history effecting the cities. Some of the most significant architectural and urban changes occured in the cities due to infectious illnesses. The recent emergence of the coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) which was declared as a pandemic in March 2020 with its continuing effects on human life despite all technological and medical advances in the last century and together with the phenomena such as population growth, rapid urbanization, increase in urban and architectural life comfort, has led to an immediate expectation to produce solutions with rapid changes in urban and architectural areas. This paper investigates what happened in the history of cities to develope healthy and hygenic living environments in search of an evaluation whether it is possible to provide humanity architecturally with living spaces in cities free of illnesses or if it is an illusion in terms of reality.
Pinar Erkan Bursa
2024-03-14T23:13:56Z
2024-03-18T00:06:27Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/867
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/867
2024-03-14T23:13:56Z
Development of a Framework for Reduction of Urban Traffic Congestion: Case Study of Akure Central Business District, Nigeria
Traffic congestion has become a problem in the central business district of Akure. These roads during peak periods have defied measures to alleviate such congestion, leading to poor mobility and economic losses in form of costs of fuel, oil, as well as time cost of road users. The field survey was conducted on two major roads in the Central Business District (CBD) namely Oba Adesida and Arakale roads while considering the two directions along each route namely directions A and B, C and D respectively. Traffic parameters such as flow rate, speed and density were analyzed from the traffic data collected from each route along each direction. The field survey was carried out for a week (from Monday to Sunday) during the peak periods. The speed along direction A of Oba Adesida road was low due to more vehicles traversing the route. However, the speed of vehicles along direction D of Arakale road was lower than that along direction C. The traffic parameters were plotted against each other for the four directions for the morning, afternoon and evening periods. The derived linear models (equations) along the four directions gave minimum speeds for morning, afternoon and evening of 33.64 km/hr, 33.65 km/hr and 30.71km/hr respectively along direction A and 30.94 km/hr, 31.80 km/hr and 31.88 km/hr respectively along direction B for Oba-Adesida road; 36.59 km/hr , 35.30 km/hr, 33.58 km/hr respectively along direction C and 35.25 km/hr, 34.75 km/hr and 34.07 km/hr respectively along direction D for Arakale road for no congestion to occur.
Salami Adelakun
Aderinlewo Olufikayo
2024-03-14T23:13:21Z
2024-03-18T00:06:33Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/866
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2024-03-14T23:13:21Z
Study on Compressive of Plypropylene Fibre Concrete at Abnormally Hight Temperature
The concrete structures will absorb temperature when it is exposed to fire or explosion incident. Depending on the period of time of the absorbtion process, its’ temperature could reach over a few hundreds to less than a thousand degrees Celsius, this abnormally high temperature could affect negatively on its. Assessing the bearing capacity of the concrete after the accident is necessary for the structure’s safety. This article investigated the compressive strength of two types of concrete (polypropylene fiber concrete and plain concrete – control concrete) that are burned in conditions at three temperature levels (500oC, 700oC, 900oC) and during three periods of burning time (60', 120', 180'). The research results showed that: the fire incidents affected seriously on the compressive strength of both types of concrete; the greatest decrease of the compressive strength is about 70%; the compressive strength of polypropylene fiber concrete decreases with a rate higher than that of ordinary concrete, but their values are not much different
Dang Van Thanh
Pham Van Tinh
Cao duc Thinh
2024-03-14T23:12:54Z
2024-03-18T00:06:40Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/865
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2024-03-14T23:12:54Z
The Efficiency of Grey Water Treatment by Using Selected Sand Bed Bioreactors in South West Nigeria
In drinking or treated water, filtration plays a relevant role in the multi barrier approach used for the removal of pathogens. The presence of suspended solids and other particulate matter in grey water increases the resistance of most microbes to disinfection. These study aimed to determine the most suitable sand that can be utilized in the construction of sand bed bioreactor in grey water treatment. The bioreactor is expected to remove significant amount of grey water physical properties (odor, color, turbidity), physicochemical properties (pH, total solids, total dissolved solids, hardness, Nitrate, Magnesium, etc) and heavy metals (Iron, Cadmium, Chromium, Biological Oxygen Demand or BOD, Chemical Oxygen Demand or COD). Sand samples are collected from four different locations in southwest Nigeria to serve as the filter media in the bioreactor. Soil physical property test is carried out on all sand samples that was collected across southwest. The result of the study showed an improvement in physical property, about 80% improvement in physicochemical property and heavy metals. Eleyele soil sample effectively improved water quality compared to other soil samples.
John Famakinwa
Ochuko M. Ojo
Charles G. Williams
2024-03-14T23:12:25Z
2024-03-18T00:06:46Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/864
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/864
2024-03-14T23:12:25Z
Seasonal Variation of Physiochemical Properties of River Water Samples in Akure, South-Western Nigeria
The effect of seasonal variation on the physicochemical properties of Ala river in Ondo state Nigeria was studied in this research. Thirteen water parameters including Total Hardness (TH), Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Conductivity, pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Chlorine (Cl), Mangnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and Manganese (Mn) were analyzed on the three samples (Ala-Elefosan, Araromi and Oba-Ile) that were considered. From the comparison made between the obtained results and the Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) permissible limit, it can be inferred that there were variations in the water quality from dry to wet season for all the parameters and recommended that adequate water treatment should be carried out before usage irrespective of the season.
Ochuko M. Ojo
2023-10-17T15:46:44Z
2023-10-17T15:46:44Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/790
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/790
2023-10-17T15:46:44Z
Amelioration of Hepatotoxicity by Sodium Butyrate Administration in Rats
Lead poisoning is a serious environmental issue with life-threatening consequences. Lead poisoning increases the risk of cancers, gastrointestinal disorders, hepatotoxicity, central nervous system diseases, nephropathy, and cardiovascular diseases in animals and humans. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of sodium butyrate, as an antioxidant, on protecting female adult rats from the harmful effects of lead acetate. A total of 40 adult female albino rats were divided randomly into four equal groups. The first group dealt as the control. The second group received lead acetate at a dose of 200 mg/kg daily orally. The third group received lead acetate at a dose of 50 mg/kg daily orally, and the fourth group received both sodium butyrate and lead acetate orally/day for 35 days. The result indicated that sodium butyrate reduced the concentration of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) which were elevated by lead acetate poising. Moreover, sodium butyrate ameliorates the redux status by decreasing malondialdehyde and increasing total antioxidant capacity. Additionally, sodium butyrate-treated rats showed significant alterations in the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and interleukin -10 genes. In conclusion, this study reveals an unrecognized role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and Interleukin-10 signaling after sodium butyrate treatment in regulating the immunopathology that occurs during lead acetate poising. © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
R.M. Ahmed
A.K. Mohammed
2023-10-17T15:43:51Z
2023-10-17T15:43:51Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/789
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2023-10-17T15:43:51Z
The Expression of Plasma Protein in Bali-polled Bulls Using 1D-SDS-PAGE
The fertility rate of bulls in a breeding program is not only described by the quantity and quality of semen. Factors, such as the interstice factor of the sperm and the plasma component of semen, affect the fertility rate of bulls. The fertility rate can also be determined by identifying the protein content of semen plasma. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify the relationship between seminal plasma protein molecular weight and semen quality of Bali-polled bulls. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Semen Processing, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia, the Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia and the Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia from November 2021 to January 2022. The samples came from 5 Bali-polled and 5 Bali-horned bulls. Semen collection was conducted twice a week using an artificial vagina. The concentration of seminal plasma protein was determined by the Bradford method of 1D-SDS-PAGE. The study results showed that fresh semen of Bali-polled and Bali-horned bulls was considered a normal category. Seminal plasma proteins of Bali-polled and Bali-horned bulls were classified using 8 bands to categorize molecular weight; 150 kD (IGF-1), 110 kD (A-kinase anchoring protein 3), 93 kD (A-kinase anchoring protein 4), 54-87 kD (Arylsulfatase-a), 44-62 kD (N-Acetyl-�-Guicosaminidase), 44kD (Phosphoglycerate kinase), 15-30 kD (BSP A1/A2, BSP-A3 and BSP-30 BSP1, BSP3, and BSP5) and 12-14 kD (Acidic seminal fluid proteins). The findings indicated that both Bali-polled and Bali-horned bulls could have a high reproductive rate. In conclusion, protein analysis based on molecular weight using 1D-SDS-PAGE can be used as a biomarker for semen quality in Bali-polled bulls. Therefore, evaluating the semen quality with a molecular basis as an additional indicator of superior bull in the selection process is an alternative method. © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
A.M. Diansyah
M. Yusuf
A.L. Toleng
M.I.A. Dagong
T. Maulana
2023-10-17T15:43:09Z
2023-10-17T15:43:09Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/788
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2023-10-17T15:43:09Z
Effect of Gadolinium Orthovanadate Nanoparticles on Male Rabbits� Reproductive Performance under Oxidative Stress
Oxidative stress as a leading factor of male infertility requires correction with modern pharmacological agents, particularly redox-active nanoparticles, to improve sperm quality and hormonal balance. The current experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of orthovanadate nanoparticles of rare earth elements, particularly Gadolinium, with pronounced redox properties on the reproductive function of male rabbits under oxidative stress. A total of 36 mature male Hyla rabbits were divided into three groups of intact control (n = 12) and two experimental groups, including rabbits ubder oxidative stress (n = 12), induced by the introduction of tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, and those under oxidative stress plus hydrosol of gadolinium orthovanadate nanoparticles (NPs, n = 12) intake for 14 days. There were four rabbits per three replicates in each group. Animals of all groups were kept on the same diet and had free access to water. The use of NPs led to an improvement in sperm quality indicators. There was an improvement in motility and ejaculate volume indicators (by 14.6 and 39.2, respectively), a reduction of the content of morphologically abnormal sperm by 26.7; normalization of sex hormones, an increase in the level of total testosterone (by 113) with a decrease in 17-β-estradiol (by 16.5). This sex hormones improvement led to an increase in the androgen saturation of the rabbit�s body (free androgen index at the end of the experiment was 36.5). The obtained changes were accompanied by a decrease in the oxidative load, as evidenced by a reduced content of diene conjugates and thio-barbituric acid-reactive compounds in the blood serum of rabbits by 30.4 and 26.8, compared to the control. At the same time, there was an increase in the antioxidant potential, especially its glutathione link � the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase (by 42.5 and 34.2, respectively), and the content of reduced glutathione increased by 62.3, compared to the indicators before the introduction of NPs. The results of the study confirmed the effectiveness of using gadolinium orthovanadate NPs to correct the reproductive function of males under oxidative stress. © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
V. Koshevoy
S. Naumenko
P. Skliarov
K. Syniahovska
G. Vikulina
V. Klochkov
S. Yefimova
2023-10-17T15:42:30Z
2023-10-17T15:42:30Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/787
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2023-10-17T15:42:30Z
Use of Inactivated Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis as an Immunostimulant with Pneumobac Vaccine
Sheep breeders in Egypt suffer from pneumonic pasteurellosis caused by Pasteurella trehalosi, Pasteurella multocida, and Mannheimia haemolytica. The disease is responsible for significant economic losses in the sheep industry according to the high mortality rate and reduced carcass values. Pneumobac® is the primary vaccine in Egypt used to control pasteurellosis in sheep. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to estimate the nonspecific immune stimulating impact of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis ovis against Pasteurella in sheep vaccinated with Pneumobac®. Nine sheep were classified into three groups, each with three animals. The sheep in the first and second groups were inoculated with the inactivated culture of Pneumobac® and a combined inactivated culture of Pneumobac® with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis ovis bacterin, respectively. The third group was nonvaccinated and kept in control. Indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure the humoral immune response to the produced vaccines. The results of the present study confirmed that the antibodies titer against Pasteurella multocida type A, D, and B6, Pasteurella trehalosi type T, and Mannheimia haemolytica type A significantly increased in sheep vaccinated with a combined vaccine (Pneumobac® and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis ovis bacterin), compared to those vaccinated with Pneumobac® alone. It was concluded that the addition of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis ovis bacterin to inactivated Pneumobac® vaccine could increase the immune response against pneumonic pasteurellosis. © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
W.S.A.A. El-Moneim
M.M. Mohamed
M.M.S. Khedr
E.M. EL-Rawy
A. Mwafy
2023-10-17T15:40:57Z
2023-10-17T15:40:57Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/786
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/786
2023-10-17T15:40:57Z
Basic Principles and Applications of Live Cell Microscopy Techniques: A Review
Live cell imaging has provided great benefits in studying multiple processes and molecular interactions within and/or between cells. This review aimed to describe the common live cell microscopy techniques and briefly explain their principles and applications. A wide range of microscopic techniques, from conventional transmitted light to an array of fluorescence microscopy techniques, including advanced super-resolution techniques, can be applied for live-cell imaging. Transmitted light microscopy uses focused transmitted light that goes through a condenser to achieve a very high illumination on the specimen. On the other hand, fluorescence microscopy uses reflected light to capture images of cells or molecules that have been fluorescently dyed. Techniques for transmitted light microscopy are simple to use but have poor resolution. Although the resolution of fluorescent microscopy techniques is only approximately 200-300 nm, this is nevertheless an improvement over conventional transmitted methods. Conventional light microscopy�s resolution was improved by the introduction of the super-resolution microscopy technology family. These methods �break� the diffraction limit, enabling fluorescence imaging with resolutions up to ten times higher than those possible with traditional methods. Each live cell imaging method has advantages and drawbacks. The primary deciding criteria for choosing the type of microscope are the study�s objectives, previous experience, the researcher�s interests, and financial viability. Hence, a thorough understanding of the technique and application of the various live-cell microscopy methods is paramount in life science studies. © 2022,World''s Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved.
T.A. Mekuria
M.Z. Kinde
2023-10-17T15:40:14Z
2023-10-17T15:40:14Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/785
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/785
2023-10-17T15:40:14Z
Antimicrobial Effects of Selenium and Chitosan Nanoparticles on Raw Milk and Kareish Cheese
The contamination of milk and its dairy products with different microorganisms could cause public health hazards. Antibacterial nanoparticles (NPs) are a novel way to ensure that milk and milk products are safe. The present study investigated the effect of chitosan NPs (CS-NPs) and selenium NPs (Se-NPs) on some microorganisms, which consequently affect raw milk and Kareish cheese. Small-sized nanomaterials of Se-NPs and CS-NPs at the size of approximately 20 nm were used in this study. The samples were 700 ml raw milk and 700g Kareish cheese manufactured from 3000 mg milk. The concentrations of used nanoparticles were 0.5, 1, and 1.5 for Se-NPs and 2.5, 5, and 10 for CS-NPs. They were used to improve the microbial properties of milk and Kareish cheese samples during storage at the refrigerated temperature of 4°C. The aerobic plate count, Enterobacteriaceae count, Staphylococcus count, and mold count were significantly reduced in milk and Kareish cheese samples treated with CS-NPs and Se-NPs. The study has confirmed that CS-NPs and Se-NPs indicated high antimicrobial activity against the studied microorganisms at all concentrations although CS-NPs were more effective than Se-NPs. It can be concluded that these NPs can be used as preservatives in milk and milk products, such as Kareish cheese. In addition, increasing the concentrations of these NPs by 10 for CS-NPS and 1.5 for Se-NPS boosted their effects. © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
S.N. Mohamed
H.A. Mohamed
H.A. Elbarbary
N.A. EL-Roos
2023-10-17T15:39:36Z
2023-10-17T15:39:36Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/784
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/784
2023-10-17T15:39:36Z
Effect of the Sublethal Dose of Lead Acetate on Malondialdehyde, Dopamine, and Neuroglobin Concentrations in Rats
Lead can have detrimental behavioral, biochemical, and physiological effects on the body. The current experiment was designed to estimate the sublethal dose of lead acetate that induce oxidative stress on the central nervous system (CNS) in adult using the probit analysis. Moreover, the current study examined the dose-response curve by successive doses of lead acetate on some parameters related to oxidative stress for 28 days. A total of 36 adult male rats were randomly selected and divided equally into six experimental groups and treated for 28 days. Rats in the control group received distilled sterile water, and those in G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5 were gavaged with 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 mg/kg of lead acetate, respectively. The result indicated a positive correlation between the successive doses of lead acetate. Malondialdehyde concentration decreased dopamine and neuroglobin by increasing the dose of lead acetate in experimental groups (G3, G4, and G5), compared to the control group. In conclusion, exposure to the sublethal dose of 16 mg/kg of lead acetate significantly alters the levels of the neurotransmitters and increases the production of oxidative stress in the CNS tissue. © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
A.J. Nawfal
B.N. Al-Okaily
2023-10-17T15:38:41Z
2023-10-17T15:38:41Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/783
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2023-10-17T15:38:41Z
Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Maturation Rate, Morphology, and Gene Expression of Vitrified In Vitro Matured Dromedary Camel Oocytes
In vitro embryo generation, cryopreservation, and embryo transfer are examples of assisted reproductive technologies that can be used to improve camel genetic performance and fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ascorbic acid supplementation to in vitro maturation media on the maturation rate, morphology, and gene expression of fresh and vitrified in vitro matured dromedary camel oocytes. In the current study, 810 oocytes of excellent and good quality were in vitro matured in maturation medium (TCM-199 + 10 ug/ml follicle stimulated hormone + 10 fetal calf serum + 100 IU/ml Pregnant mare serum + 50 μg/ml gentamycin) without any additives to act as a control group (C) and with 50 μg/ml ascorbic acid group (AA) and incubation in a CO2 incubator (38.5 �C, 5 CO2, 20 O2 and 95 humidity) for 40 hours. In vitro matured dromedary camel oocytes with the first polar body (n = 210) in C group and AA group (n = 250) were placed in basic medium (BM) and then placed in vitrification solution1 (VS1) for one minute, followed by the transfer of oocytes to VS2 (double concentration of VS1, containing 20 Ethyl Glycol (EG) and +20 Dimethyl sulfoxide) for 30 seconds. Oocytes were then loaded into sterile 0.25 ml straws and stored in liquid nitrogen for 7-10 days. The normal fresh and vitrified /thawed in vitro matured dromedary camel oocytes were kept in RNA later at a -80°C freezer for gene expression analysis. The maturation rate of dromedary camel oocytes in the in vitro matured AA group was significantly higher than that of the C group. The percentage of normally recovered vitrified/thawed oocytes was higher in the in vitro matured with ascorbic acid (VAA) than in the control (VC) group. The expression pattern of the SOD1 gene and GDF9 gene was upregulated in fresh AA and VAA groups than in the fresh C and VC groups. The profile of the SOD1 gene was more abundant in the vitrified/thawed oocytes VAA group than in the VC group. All vitrified/thawed groups, whether control or ascorbic acid supplemented, had lower levels of SOD1, GDF9, and BMP15 expression, compared to the fresh groups. In conclusion, the supplementation of the maturation medium with ascorbic acid has an increased maturation rate, and normal morphology of vitrified/ thawed oocytes which was linked with upregulation of SOD1, GDF9 genes expression. © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
O.M. Kandil
F.B. Aboelwafa
E.A. Ismail
S.M. Kandeel
N. Ghanem
A.E.-K.G. El-Din
2023-10-17T15:38:03Z
2023-10-17T15:38:03Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/782
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/782
2023-10-17T15:38:03Z
Immunopathological Assessment of Hydatid Cyst and Cysticercus Tenuicollis Sonicated Protoscoilces Antigens in Mice
The present study was designed to investigate the cross-protection (protective immunity) between Hydatid cyst and Bladder worm and evaluate the immunologic response of both humerol and cellular immunity in mice. To achieve these goals, 120 mice were used and equally divided into four groups immunized subcutaneously with 2 doses of antigen at the first and 14 days of the experiment. Mice in the first group (n=30) were immunized with 0.3 ml of hydatid cyst sonicated protoscolex antigen. Those in the second group (n=30) were immunized s/c with 0.3 ml of Cysticercus tenuicollis sonicated protscolex antigen. The third group (n=30) was immunized with 0.3 ml of both antigens (0.15 + 0.15), and the fourth group was a control group in which the mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2 ml of phosphate buffer solution. At the end of the experiment (30 days), blood samples were taken from the hearts of mice in all groups after being anesthetized by intramuscular injection of Ketamine 60 mg/kg, and Xylazine 12 mg/kg for the assessment of mouse Interleukin-12, IgG, and tumor necrosis alpha levels. The skin test results 24 hours (day 28) post-immunization showed an increase in the skin thickness against both antigens in the treatments, compared to the control. However, there was a decrease at 48 hours (day 29) post-examination in all groups. The results of TNFα titer showed higher titer in the third group, compared to the first, second, and fourth groups. Interleukin 12 concentration showed a higher titer in the third group than in the first, second, and fourth groups. The IgG concentration showed higher titer in the third group compared to the first, second, and fourth groups. In conclusion, immunopathological studies have shown that Ags used in the study, induce humoral and cellular immunity, compared to each Ag alone, and the mixed antigens were much more immunogenic. This cross-reactivity and synergistic interactions between the two parasites may be the cause of their antigenic activities © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
Z.S. Mahdi
I.B. Falih
H.N. Al-masoudy
2023-10-17T15:37:09Z
2023-10-17T15:37:09Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/781
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/781
2023-10-17T15:37:09Z
Multiple Drug Resistance Salmonella and Antibiotic Residues in Egyptian Animal Products
Food of animal origin is considered a primary source of foodborne diseases. The misuse of antibiotics to treat and control many bacterial diseases in farm animals has led to multiple antibiotic-resistant pathogens in contaminated food that can seriously threaten public health. The present study aimed to highlight the impact of antimicrobial misuse in Egyptian beef meat, poultry, and dairy farms on the emergence of multiple antibiotic resistance Salmonella and the detection of antibiotic residues in milk. A total of 1050 samples were collected randomly from poultry (liver, intestinal content, and bone marrow), meat, and milk products from different Egyptian governorates. Salmonellae were isolated from the collected samples and subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity testing through disk diffusion test using the most commonly used seven antibiotics in veterinary fields (cefradine, ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, and streptomycin). The detection of oxytetracycline residue in milk samples was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Most isolated Salmonellae were multiple drug resistant with an incidence rate of 8.6, 15.4, and 4 from poultry, meat-associated products, and milk-associated products, respectively, from different governorates. Antibiogram test showed that the isolated Salmonella from poultry, meat, and milk samples were resistant to oxytetracycline at 100, 31.4, and 43, to amoxicillin at 73.3, 31, and 50, and to ampicillin 66.6, 50, and 57, respectively. No resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected in Salmonella isolates from all samples. Using HPLC, oxytetracycline residues were detected in milk samples. In conclusion, more attention should be paid to the connection between the widespread emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella in Egypt and the overuse of antimicrobials in poultry, dairy, and meat farms. This connection affects consumer health and increases the likelihood of resistance genes spreading between different bacterial species © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
A.A. Samy
A.A. Arafa
R.H. Hedia
E.S. Ibrahim
2023-10-17T15:36:32Z
2023-10-17T15:36:32Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/780
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/780
2023-10-17T15:36:32Z
The Effects of Antimicrobial Residues on Microbiological Content and the Antibiotic Resistance in Frozen Fish
As fish are perishable foods, their storage conditions require appropriate sanitary and temperature regimes. The producers commonly use various antibiotics to stop fish�s microbiological and biochemical processes. The current research aimed to examine antibacterial residues in frozen fish (Argentina, flounder, lackerda, mackerel, capelin, salka, saithe, herring, dorado, and pink salmon) to find their influence on the quantitative content of microorganisms and to determine the sensitivity of isolated psychrotrophic bacteria to antibiotics. A total of 75 samples were collected from the fillets of frozen fish species. These fish were imported from Norway (16 samples), Vietnam (24 samples), Russian Federation (8 samples), China (14 samples), New Zealand (2 samples), Italy (2 samples), United States (4 samples), and United Kingdom (5 samples). The obtained results revealed that aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Kanamycin, Spectinomycin, Dihydrostreptomycin, Paromomycin, and Apramycin) were in 45.6 ± 1.4 of frozen fish. The findings indicated the presence of some antibacterial residues (Nalidixic acid, antibiotics: Apramycin, Kanamycin, Tiamulin, and Nafcillin) in frozen fish, the definition of which has not been specified in the EU Regulation. This gives grounds to prohibit the use or develop standards for the maximum permissible concentration of these antibacterial substances in fish. The most common psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from frozen fish without antibacterial residues were highly sensitive to antibiotics, including Penicillin, Tetracycline groups, and Aminoglycosides. Therefore, it can be concluded that the residual levels of various biocides found in fish are a source for the expression of multi-resistance genes, which can be transmitted to consumers in the food chain © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
M. Kukhtyn
Z. Malimon
V. Salata
I. Rogalskyy
B. Gutyj
L. Kladnytska
K. Kravcheniuk
Y. Horiuk
2023-10-17T15:35:39Z
2023-10-17T15:35:39Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/779
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2023-10-17T15:35:39Z
Designing a Recombinant Multi-epitope DNA Vaccine as Candidate for Protection against Pathogenic Leptospira Infection in Animals
Leptospirosis can cause severe disease and probable death in humans. Antigenic epitopes from pathogenic strains of the bacteria have shown potential for serving as vaccine candidates and play a key role in the sensitivity and specificity of immunodiagnostic tests. This in-vitro analysis was undertaken to develop a prototype recombinant DNA vaccine using in-silico epitope prediction method. Epitope prediction software programs predicted the most antigenic linear B-cell epitopes of OmpL1, LipL32, LipL41, Loa22, and LigA. Thirteen epitopes were predicted, connected by the Gly-Ser linker, and synthesized. The purity of the concentrated recombinant multi-epitope protein was assessed by restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis. In-vitro expression on mammalian Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line indicated strong cytoplasmic fluorescence produced based on an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test. The green color of the cytoplasm indicates successful transcribed and translated DNA as against the blue-stained nucleus observed in the un-transfected control group based on the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test. The findings of the current study showed high antibody binding potentials of the vaccine constructs, which could be used for diagnostic applications or as polyvalent vaccine candidates © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
B. Garba
N.I. Dirie
2023-10-17T15:34:37Z
2023-10-17T15:34:37Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/778
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2023-10-17T15:34:37Z
Deterioration of Frozen Semen of Bali Cattle after Cooling at 5°C
Frozen semen is produced through several stages, which deteriorate spermatozoa. This research aimed to evaluate the deterioration degree of frozen semen after 5 °C cooling and freezing of Bali cattle. The samples included 10 male Bali cattle with a body weight of 542-668 kg, from which semen was collected once a week for five weeks. The deterioration of each individual�s sperm was determined by observing two distinct straws. The parameters observed included viability, abnormalities, intact plasma membrane, and intact acrosome cap. Initial observations of the parameters were conducted following the addition of semen to diluent A1 (AD) as much as the volume of fresh semen. The semen in the AD group was not cooled and frozen. The A1 semen was then divided into two, namely, those with cooling at 5 °C for 4 hours (PT1) and at 5°C for 22 hours (PT2). The results showed that individual variations in Bali cattle caused significant differences in viability and intact plasma membrane of AD and PT1 groups, while PT2 did not differ in viability and intact plasma membrane spermatozoa. Abnormalities were significantly different between AD and PT2 groups, however PT1 did not differ in abnormalities spermatozoa. Intact acrosomal cap was significantly different in the AD, PT1, and PT2 groups. In conclusion, individual variations, including viability, abnormalities, intact plasma membrane, and acrosome cap of spermatozoa, were better at 4 hours compared to cooling at 5°C for 22 hours. A Cooling time of 4 hours at 5°C can be recommended for frozen semen processing © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
A.N. Tethool
G. Ciptadi
S. Wahjuningsih
T. Susilawati
2023-10-17T15:33:01Z
2023-10-17T15:33:01Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/777
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2023-10-17T15:33:01Z
Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Porcine Cysticercosis in Boucle Du Mouhoun Region of Burkina Faso: A Cross-sectional Survey
Taenia solium cysticercosis is a neglected tropical zoonosis with economic and public health importance. Cysticercosis is widely present in low-income countries with extensive pig breeding systems and poor human hygiene practices. In Burkina Faso, a study on porcine cysticercosis has been done only in Boulkiemde province. There is a lack of serological data on this disease in other areas, such as Balés province in the Boucle du Mouhoun region. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of porcine cysticercosis in Boucle du Mouhoun, Burkina Faso. A total of 373 serum samples were collected from local breed pigs that were randomly selected from four villages in the mentioned region. Data were also collected using a structured questionnaire to determine explanatory factors for the infection. Serum samples were tested using an antigen ELISA test to detect circulating antigens of Tænia solium. The prevalence of the disease was 54.9 (95 CI = 49.8-59.9). Following univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, pigs originating from Kombia were found to be a protective factor (OR=0.54, 95 CI = 0.33-0.89). Male pigs were more likely to be infected than females (OR= 1.7, 95 CI = 1.09-2.64). The prevalence and factors associated with Taenia solium cysticercosis were identified and according to these data, porcine cysticercosis had a high prevalence in this area. Therefore, it is important to implement control actions focusing on disease control and public health for people infected with Taenia solium © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
L.D. Dahourou
O.B. Gbati
K.M. N�da
A.S.R. Tapsoba
A. Traore
A. Millogo
2023-10-17T15:30:57Z
2023-10-17T15:30:57Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/776
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2023-10-17T15:30:57Z
Effects of Tannin-containing Supplement on Enteric Methane Emissions, Total Digestible Nutrient, and Average Daily Gain of Local Indonesian Beef Cattle
Reducing methane (CH4) emissions is one of the most critical goals in ruminant nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of concentrate and tannin supplementation on the mitigation of methane gas in Indonesian local beef cattle. The current study was conducted in vivo using 12 Bali cattle using a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates. Cattle were fed a basal ration with field grass (control), the addition of concentrate 25 dry matter (DM) ration no tannin as well as tannin supplemented in concentrate at levels of 0.12 and 0.18 of DM concentrate. The concentrate contains 7.5 crude protein and 71.25 total digestible nutrients and tannin supplementation using gambir (Uncaria gambir Indonesia) tannin extract. The parameters measured were apparent digestibility, total digestible nutrients, methane production, and average daily gain. The results showed that concentrate addition significantly increased DM consumption, crude protein digestibility, and total digestible nutrients. Supplementation of 0.18 tannin in concentrate can mitigate 49.7 methane gas production resulting in energy efficiency, which was reflected in the weight gain rate of 0.75 kg/day. In conclusion, present results suggest that the supplementation of 0.18 gambier tannin extract in concentrate could be considered a suitable feed additive to mitigate methane gas production and increase the average daily gain of Indonesian local beef cattle © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
R. Ramaiyulis
Y. Metri
I. Irda
D. Kurnia
D. Syukriani
2023-10-17T14:22:30Z
2023-10-17T14:22:30Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/746
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2023-10-17T14:22:30Z
Effects of a Multi-genus Synbiotic (PoultryStar® sol) on Gut Health and Performance of Broiler Breeders
In recent years, a rising interest has been directed towards the use of nutraceuticals in the zootechnical sector, including probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, as a way to support production efficiency and cope with the increasing limitations to the use of antibiotics. In poultry, however, most studies on these products have been conducted on broilers, while less information is available on their benefits to other productive categories. The present field study aimed to assess the effects of a multi-species synbiotic product (PoultryStar® sol) on the gut health and productive performance of broiler breeders. A total of 24761 day-old Ross 308 parent stock chicks were acquired from a single hatchery and placed on the same farm. Female chicks were divided into three groups and raised in different houses (A, B, and C), in which males were introduced at the age of mating and followed until 40 weeks of age. The synbiotic was provided by drinking water to the flocks in houses A and B, while house C was kept as control. Following the manufacturer�s guidelines, the product was administered intermittently once every two weeks, except in the first and the twenty-first week when it was supplied for three consecutive days. Data on performance parameters, egg quality traits, bacterial enteritis scoring, intestinal morphometry, and histopathology were recorded, and the caecal content was collected at 15, 25, and 40 weeks of age to investigate the intestinal microbiota using high-throughput next-generation sequencing. Synbiotic-treated hens showed significantly higher survivability during production compared to the control group. No clear differences were observed between treated and control chickens in terms of egg production and quality, and the effect of the synbiotic on weight gain also appeared limited. From 25 weeks onwards, synbiotic-treated chickens scored better in terms of macroscopical lesions and had longer intestinal villi. Significant differences in crypt length and histopathological lesions were also found at multiple sampling points. A treatment effect on caecal bacterial composition was detected with a differential abundance of Gastranaerophilales, Lachnospiraceae, Helicobacter, Ruminococcaceae, and Clostridia, among others. Taken together, obtained results support the beneficial effects of the intermittent administration of the synbiotic product PoultryStar® sol on the gut health of broiler breeders. © 2022,Journal of World''s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
Z. Prentza
F. Castellone
M. Legnardi
B. Antlinger
M. Segura-Wang
G. Kefalas
P. Fortomaris
A. Argyriadou
N. Papaioannou
I. Stylianaki
G. Franzo
M. Cecchinato
V. Papatsiros
K. Koutoulis
2023-10-17T14:22:15Z
2023-10-17T14:22:15Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/745
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2023-10-17T14:22:15Z
Identification of Adeno-associated Virus in Muscovy Ducks with Chronic Diarrhea
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are defective members of the genus Dependoparvovirus. Waterfowl parvoviruses, another member of the Dependoparvovirus, were found to be the closest relative of AAVs. This study was performed to identify the genetic changes that may occur to goose parvovirus (GPV) in one Muscovy duck flock that was observed for 12 weeks after the virus was isolated. Persistent watery diarrhea and wing deformity were the common signs. Cloacal swabs were collected from diseased ducks. Unexpectedly, the identified virus was an AAV. The closest strains were duck AAVs at the nucleotide level, identified in Australia and China. Meanwhile, only 52.3 of nucleotide identity was shared with the GPV strain, previously identified from this flock. Duck adenovirus (DAdV) could not be identified in the samples. This study is one of the first studies in which genetic changes of GPV were tracked. In addition, emerging duck AAV from GPV is suggested, which will be useful for future virus classification © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
H.M. Sallam
A.M. Zanaty
2023-10-17T14:21:23Z
2023-10-17T14:21:23Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/744
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2023-10-17T14:21:23Z
Characterization and Typology of Traditional Poultry Farming Systems in Southern Niger
An appropriate agricultural policy that integrates knowledge of endogenous poultry practices should enhance household resilience by contributing to food and nutrition security and sustainable development in developing countries. The current cross-sectional survey aimed to characterize poultry breeding systems and identify types of traditional poultry farmers in Maradi and Zinder in southern Niger. Therefore, 600 households were investigated for the socio-economic parameters of poultry farmers, the breeding methods, the zootechnical parameters of the local chicken, and the health parameters relating to biosecurity and animal care. The results of the descriptive analyses indicated that traditional poultry activity is mainly carried out by men (73.5) and small farmers (74.2). Breeding management was primarily free-range breeding (99.3). The majority of the surveyed herders (67.8) were illiterate. However, 41.5 of them attended traditional Islamic Koranic schools. Most farmers (80) were small-scale livestock farmers with an average herd size of 22 ± 24.9. The poultry raised were 93.3 local breeds, with chicken domination (66). The housing did not meet the required standards, and the feed was mainly cereals. The female chicken can potentially produce 12.64 fertile eggs per clutch and brood 3.53 times per year. The leading cause of mortality in poultry was avian diseases (93.7) and Newcastle disease in some cases. Poultry vaccination against Newcastle disease was reported by 31.5 of respondents. Of the respondents, 20 have partially observed hygiene and biosecurity measures. About 35.5 of the participants reported the provision of veterinary care, while 44 used phytotherapy to prevent or treat poultry diseases. Based on the results of this cluster analysis, three classes of poultry farmers were distinguished, each with specific characteristics. Poultry farmers in class 1 were particularly characterized by the diversity of their main activity and their level of education, those in class 2 were mostly employed in agriculture and had little school experience, and those in class 3 were characterized by their low level of vaccination practice and their lack of therapeutic animal care. The results also indicated that 15.7, 70.8, and 13.5 of poultry farmers belonged to classes 1, 2, and 3, respectively © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
A. Moustapha
A. Adamou
E. Talaki
2023-10-17T14:20:57Z
2023-10-17T14:20:57Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/743
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2023-10-17T14:20:57Z
Increasing the Quality of Blood Tofu in an Industrial Slaughterhouse of Thailand
Blood tofu, or cooked duck blood curd, is a Chinese delicacy in East Asia. Its quality and shelf-life are low due to microorganism contamination during production. Therefore, the present study was performed to investigate the role of sodium diacetate (SD), sodium chloride (NaCl), and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) combinations in increasing the quality of blood tofu. A total of 45 cooked duck blood curd samples were randomly divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates per group. The first two groups were used to investigate the effect of SD, NaCl, and PEG combinations on microbiological and physical analyses for non-inoculated samples. Another group was used to determine the effect of antimicrobial combinations on Lactobacillus plantarum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus in inoculated samples that were inoculated with these bacteria. All groups were treated with control-sterilized water, 0.15 SD (w/v) + 1.25 NaCl (w/v), 0.30 SD (w/v) + 1.25 NaCl (w/v), 0.15 SD (w/v) + 0.15 PEG (w/v), and 0.15 SD (w/v) + 1.25 NaCl (w/v) + 0.15 PEG (w/v). The results indicated that soaking cooked duck blood curd samples in antimicrobial agent combinations could reduce mesophile and psychrophile bacteria counts in non-inoculated samples. Additionally, 0.15 SD + 1.25 NaCl + 0.15 PEG combination had a higher reduction in mesophile and psychrophile counts, compared to soaking the samples in 0.30 SD + 1.25 NaCl, 0.15 SD + 1.25 NaCl and 0.15 SD + 0.15 PEG combinations. Similarly, this combination showed a significant decrease in lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus counts in inoculated samples. Furthermore, soaking the samples in 0.15 SD + 1.25 NaCl + 0.15 PEG combination did not negatively affect the samples� physical quality. Soaking the samples in 0.15 SD + 1.25 NaCl + 0.15 PEG combination inhibited the growth of mesophile, psychrophile, and Pseudomonas in non-inoculated samples after storage for 10, 6, 10, and 8 days in a slaughter warehouse at 7°C, respectively, and extended shelf-life of samples for 16 days. Regarding physical quality changes, this treatment delayed the reduction of pH, hue, hardness, and chewiness of the samples after storage for 10, 8, 12, and 10 days, respectively. Thus, SD, NaCl, and PEG combination had a high preservative potential for cooked duck blood curd used in industrial slaughterhouses © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
P. Tangwatcharin
W. Teemeesuk
S. Sorapukdee
2023-10-17T14:20:29Z
2023-10-17T14:20:29Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/742
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2023-10-17T14:20:29Z
The Importance of Poultry Meat in Medicine: A Review
The animal products, such as meat, milk, skin, blood, honey, and urine, have medicinal value for human diseases. Due to having high-quality components, poultry meat has therapeutic value. The present review aimed to describe the medicinal values of poultry meat for individuals who consume it during their life. Most poultry meat is classified as white meat, which contains lower fat and higher protein, compared with the meat of ovine, bovine, and pig. This feature of poultry meat (lower fat and higher protein) helps its consumers to have a normal physiological function of different organ systems. Moreover, it prevents many non-infectious diseases, including overweight, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Selenium and low contents of carcinogenic substances (myoglobin, heme iron, and saturated fat) in poultry meat also prevent different types of cancers. Poultry meat is also recommended to avoid anemia, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Dietary proteins, vitamins, and minerals in chicken meat are used for anti-aging, developing muscle and bone, improving the immune system, and increasing brain function. Traditionally, poultry is recommended as a supportive treatment for respiratory diseases, such as the common cold. Thus, consumption of poultry meat, especially chickens, up to 300g/once a week is recommended to prevent and reduce the risks of gastrointestinal cancers such as oesophageal cancer. Generally, regular consumption of poultry meat has health benefits for humans to prevent and reduce the risk of different diseases as chicken meat is a rich source of nutrition that can enhance the immunity system and tackle human disease risk factors © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
S.A. Jilo
L.A. Hasan
2023-03-05T22:18:19Z
2023-03-05T22:19:32Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/741
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2023-03-05T22:18:19Z
EFFECTS OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF TURMERIC AND BLACK CUMIN POWDER ON PERFORMANCE AND BLOOD PARAMETERS OF NATIVE CHICKENS
This study was conducted to determine the effect of supplementation of a mixture of turmeric and black cumin powder on the production performance, blood parameters, and quality of native chicken eggs. Ninety-six female native chickens aged 17 weeks were randomly allocated in a completely randomized design into four treatments. The four treatments were differentiated based on the level of supplementation of a mixture of turmeric (TP) and black cumin powder (BCP), namely T0: Control (without a mixture of TP and BCP); T1: (2.5 g TP + 2.5 g BCP)/kg ration; T2: (5 g TP + 5 g BCP)/kg ration and T3: (7.5 g TP + 7.5 g BCP)/kg ration. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, using 8 native chickens. The variables measured were blood parameters including Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, total red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), blood cholesterol and triglycerides; and also, the performance variables of feed consumption, egg production (HDA), body weight at 34 weeks, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion, yolk weight, shell weight, shell thickness, yolk color index, cholesterol, LDL and HDL of yolks. The Data were collected for 16 weeks and analyzed by variance analysis. The results showed that supplementation with a mixture of TP and BCP increased feed consumption; HDA; body weight; egg mass; shell weight, thickness, and yolk color (P<0.05). Egg weight and yolk weight were not significantly different. TP + BCP supplementation significantly reduced feed conversion, cholesterol level, HDL, and LDL. Increased TBCP supplementation increased Hb, hematocrit, red blood cells and white blood cells and significantly decreased cholesterol, lipoproteins, and triglycerides in the blood (P<0.05). It was concluded that TBCP mixture supplementation could improve production performance, some of blood parameters, and quality of native chicken eggs. © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
Fx Suwarta
C.L. Suryani
N. Astuti
L. Amin
2023-03-04T22:14:06Z
2023-03-04T22:14:06Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/740
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2023-03-04T22:14:06Z
THE POTENTIAL OF SEED GERMINATION INHIBITION TEST FOR EARLY PREGNANCY DETECTION AND IMPROVED REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF CATTLE IN ZAMBIA
Early pregnancy diagnosis is an important management practice for reducing calving interval, increasing cattle reproductive efficiency, and the overall herd productivity. This study was undertaken to assess the viability of seed germination inhibition technique (Punyakoti test) for early pregnancy detection in cattle under the tropical rearing conditions. Twenty-four randomly selected cows were used for the experiment. Urine samples were collected and subjected to Punyakoti test, using maize seeds, within 6 hours of collection. Descriptive statistics employing means and standard error were used to analyse data, also, inferential statistics including analysis of variance and t-tests were employed to ascertain differences between the variables under study. Urine from pregnant cows had the highest (80.03±3.99) inhibitory effect while the distilled water group had the least (7.50±3.81) mean seed germination inhibition. The means of germinated maize seeds in pregnant and non-pregnant cow urine treatment groups were significantly different. The means of germinated maize seeds in unstripped and stripped pregnant cow urine were significantly different, while the mean shoot length values for the same treatments were not significantly different. Urine from 42 days’ pregnant cows had the highest germination inhibition (80.21±3.59) while the least (25.00±4.35) was observed on day 10. The Punyakoti test reliably detected pregnancy starting from 26 days after insemination. In conclusion, this technique can be used for detecting pregnancy as early 26 days after insemination. The potential role of steroids and involvement of abscisic acid (ABA) in seed germination inhibition requires further investigation. © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
P.C. Sianangama
M. Mtonga
S.J. Harrison
R. Abigaba
2023-03-04T22:12:48Z
2023-03-04T22:12:48Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/739
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2023-03-04T22:12:48Z
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE TRAITS CHARACTERISATION OF INDIGENOUS CHICKENS IN SOUTHERN AFRICAN COUNTRIES
Indigenous poultry production is important to human lives as they alleviate poverty by providing an affordable source of animal proteins. Besides, it serves as the easiest source of income for rural farmers in developing countries. The current review was conducted to evaluate the research findings of indigenous chickens’ quantitative and qualitative traits characterisations in Southern African countries. Quantitative and qualitative traits characterisation is the first step for genetic improvement in livestock. The documents used in the review were attained from different search engines, most of which were published lately (after 2010). Potchefstroom Koekoek, Venda, Naked Neck, Ovambo, Boschveld and Tswana indigenous chicken breeds in the Southern African countries were characterised. The studies suggest that there are variations in quantitative traits including live weight, egg weight, wing length, comb length and shank length and qualitative traits including feather color, comb type, comb color and eggshell color of indigenous chickens of Southern African countries. The single red comb types and red wattles were observed in most indigenous chicken breeds in Southern African countries. The present review concludes that the characterisation of quantitative and qualitative traits assists greatly in the differentiation and identification of indigenous chicken breeds. © 2022,Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
V.R. Hlokoe
T.L. Tyasi
2023-03-04T22:10:19Z
2023-03-04T22:15:32Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/738
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2023-03-04T22:10:19Z
THE ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF BOVINE EMBRYOS PRODUCED IN VITRO
Antioxidants are molecular compounds that can give their electron structure to free radical molecules without disturbing them and can break the chain of free radical compounds. Antioxidants that can be used include enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Supplementation of antioxidants into maturation mediums or cultures with the right concentration can efficiently improves oocyte maturation, cell division, and embryo quality in bovine. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant supplementation of the maturation medium increase the number of oocytes that reach metaphase II (MII). Furthermore, the supplementation of both antioxidants in maturation and culture mediums are also able to increase cell division and embryo that reaches blastocyst. Non-enzymatic antioxidant supplementation is more effective than enzymatic antioxidants in improving the maturation and division of cells in the production of bovine embryos in vitro. In conclusion, non-enzymatic antioxidant supplementation is more effective in supporting embryonic development in vitro. © 2022,Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
E. Damayanti
H. Sonjaya
S. Baco
H. Hasbi
2023-03-04T22:09:04Z
2023-03-04T22:17:01Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/737
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2023-03-04T22:09:04Z
MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBIT RAISED AT DIFFERENT AREAS
The study aimed to morphometric characterization the New Zealand White (NZW) doe at three different areas. The materials used were 295 heads of NZW doe rabbits from 29 farms located at different areas. Twelve morphometric characteristics consist of body weight, eight body measurements, and three-body indices. Data analysis was performed by Mixed model, Pearson’s correlation, Principal component, and Canonical discriminant procedures. The most of parameters showed significant differences among areas. The heaviest body weight (4.71 kg) was observed in low-land and the lightest in medium land (3.54 kg). Most of the morphometric characters showed positive correlations with each other. Results of principal component show that the body indices of NZW doe raised in three different areas were similar. Canonical discriminant analysis showed that low-land was more favorable than high-land and medium land. In conclusion, The variation in size difference for morphometric characters of female New Zealand white rabbit could be explained by body index and thoracic index. The morphometric characteristics of New Zealand white doe raised in low-land area were superior to those raised in high-land and medium land areas. © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
A. Setiaji
S. Sutopo
D.A. Lestari
E. Kurnianto
M.E. Novianti
2023-03-04T22:06:46Z
2023-03-04T22:19:15Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/736
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2023-03-04T22:06:46Z
THE EFFECT OF COCONUT MEAT WASTE SUPPLEMENTED WITH THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA AND THERMOSTABLE MANNANASE ON PERFORMANCE, GUT HISTOMORPHOLOGY AND MICROBIOTA OF BROILER CHICKENS
An experiment was conducted on Arbor Acress broiler chicks to evaluate the effects of coconut meat waste (CMW) supplemented with 1010 CFU/kg CMW of thermophilic bacteria (Bacillus sp. SM-1.4) and 800 U/kg diets of thermostable mannanase on performance and gut histomorphology of broilers. One hundred and fifty of day-old chicks (unsexed) were used in this study. The birds were fed five diets containing coconut meat waste supplemented with bacteria and mannanases (CBM); 0 CBM, 10 CBM, 20 CBM, 30 CBM, and 40 CBM. Feed and water were available at all times. A completely randomized design was applied in this experiment with five diets and five replicate cages. The parameters determined are performance (feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio), gut histomorphology, and microbiota of broilers. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance according to a completely randomized design and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Data indicated that feed consumption, body weight gain, and gut histomorphology of birds fed the CMW supplemented with thermophilic bacteria and thermostable mannanase were up to 30 higher than those of birds fed the non-supplemented (0 CBM) diet. The birds fed a 20 coconut meat waste diet supplemented with 1010 CFU/kg diet thermophilic bacteria, and 800 U/kg CMW thermostable mannanase had higher body weight gain than others and significantly (P<0.05) affected on microbiota of broiler. Adding coconut meat waste supplemented with thermophilic bacteria and thermostable mannanase did not affect the feed conversion ratio. In conclusion, up to 20, CBM level in the diet could improving performance, gut histomorphology, and composition microbiota of broiler. © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
. Harnentis
R. Amizar
Y.S. Nur
N. Huda
2023-03-04T22:04:43Z
2023-03-04T22:04:43Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/735
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/735
2023-03-04T22:04:43Z
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF Pentas schimperiana AS LIVESTOCK FEED AND POTENTIAL PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT
Pentas schimperiana is locally available and dominantly used as a dairy cattle feed in the Dawuro zone's Maraka district, Ethiopia. There is some information about its utilization practice, however, data on its nutritional benefit is limited. This research aimed to examine the chemical content and digestibility of P. schimperiana for use as cattle feed during the dry season. For this study, a 2×2 factorial design with two agro-ecologies (midland and highland) and two seasons (wet and dry) was used for this study. P. schimperiana leaves, twigs and stems were gathered and processed for laboratory analysis from two agro-ecologies and two seasons. The chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and in sacco degradability of the samples were determined after incubation at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Effective degradability (ED) and Potential degradation (PD) were computed. The collected data were subjected to an Analysis of Variance and the means that had significant deference, the mean separation was performed by Tukey with alpha level of 0.05. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) (87.41) and crude protein (CP) (17.39) were significantly higher in highland. Digestible crude protein (DCP) was significantly larger in dry than in the wet season with the content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) decreased. During the wet season, potential degradability (PD) and effective degradability (ED) of DM were highest in the highland with a decrease in leg time, which was related to the low content of ADF, ADL, NDF, tannin, and high CP in vegetative stages of P. schimperiana. The result indicates that P. schimperiana might be used as supplementary feeds to enhance utilization of low-quality feed resources and improve the performance of ruminants during the dry season when feed is scarce. © 2022,Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
T. Woretaw
N. Beyero
2022-12-03T15:04:05Z
2022-12-03T15:04:05Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/722
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/722
2022-12-03T15:04:05Z
Phytochemical and Antibacterial Effects of Leaf Extract from Mangrove Plant (Avicennia Marina) on Vibrio Parahaemolyticus in Shrimps
Recently, there has been a tremendous increase in the studies addressing the application of bioactive compounds from the natural ecosystem, particularly for medical purposes. Hence, the present study investigated the antibacterial properties of the secondary metabolites possibly contained in the leaves of Avicennia marina (A. marina) for possible prevention of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus), a devastating bacterial pathogen in shrimp aquaculture. In the current study, secondary metabolites were extracted from the leaves of mangrove plant using ethanol extraction method. The ethanolic extracts were then subjected to phytochemical and antibacterial activity tests. The results from the phytochemical analysis demonstrated that the ethanolic extract from the mangrove plant contained varying amounts of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, polyphenols, alkaloids, steroids, and triterpenoids. However, the number of flavonoids and alkaloids seemed to be higher than the other metabolites. The antibacterial activity analysis through the agar diffusion method has shown that different concentrations (50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm) of the ethanolic extract of A. marina inhibited the V. parahaemolyticus. At 300 ppm, the plant extract exhibited 17.3 antibacterial effectiveness, compared to the antibacterial activity of chloramphenicol. The findings indicated that the secondary metabolites of A. marina have the potential that can be developed as an alternative treatment for aquatic animal diseases in the future. © Nikkhah A and Alimirzaei M (2022). Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention. World Vet. J., 12 (3): 230-236. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj29
. Azis
Gazali Salim
Agus Indarjo
Lukman Yudho Prakoso
Retno Hartati
G. S. Achmad Daengs
. Meiryani
La Ode Muhammad Aslan
Julian Ransangan
. Rozi
2022-12-03T02:22:24Z
2022-12-03T02:22:24Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/701
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/701
2022-12-03T02:22:24Z
The Effects of Three Commercial Grower Feeds on Performance, Internal Organs, and Carcass traits in Pullet Chickens
Poultry farming is categorized as a developing business venture in most countries, especially Nigeria. This is followed by poultry feed production units ranging from smaller compartments to commercial poultry feed producers. This research study was carried out to examine the physical, and biochemical parameters of feed, growth performance, carcass traits, and visceral organs of pullets fed selected commercial grower feeds and formulated diet. A total number of 1200 Isa Brown pullets aged 10 weeks were divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates for each group randomly. This research experiment was completed within 8 weeks. All poultry feeds were filled inside standard polyethylene woven bags in the absence of insects/mold. All poultry feeds, including Top Feed, Chikun Feed, and formulated diet were grouped into mash form except one of the commercial feeds Vital Feed in the pelleted form which is the treatment of the research. There were significant differences in final body weight, weight gain, feed consumed, and feed conversion ratio among the experimental treatments. The least weight was recorded among hens fed Vital feeds with the highest feed intake, which might be due to high fiber content in the feed. The dietary treatment significantly affects the live weight, dressed weight, neck, breast muscle, liver, kidney, gizzard, and abdominal fat of pullet fed different commercial feed and formulated diets. The findings of the current study indicated that a self-formulated diet at the grower stage could replace the commercial poultry feeds used in the study. © 2022
A.H. Ekeocha
A.A. Aganga
J.F. Oluwadele
S.K. Ayoola
2022-12-03T02:22:00Z
2022-12-03T02:22:00Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/710
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/710
2022-12-03T02:22:00Z
Synergistic Effects of Phytogenic Compounds on Early Growth Parameters of Native Chickens
The survival of native chickens during the first 6 weeks of growth is less than 50. Hence, this study proposes the introduction of prophylactic antibiotics for poultry diseases prevention and treatment. However, the ban on antibiotics has prompted the search for plant-based biomedicines. Therefore, this trial aimed to determine the effect of phytogenic compounds (PC) of five herbs as water additives on the survival and growth responses of native chickens. A total of 204 Bisaya chickens (unsexed) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments replicated three times with 17 chickens in each replicate. Chickens were fed ad libitum and received water with 1.5 g antibiotics/1000ml water (control), 20 ml PC/1000ml water (T2), 40 ml PC/1000ml water (T3), and 60 ml PC/1000ml water (T4) for 35 days. No significant differences were observed on feed intake for chickens in antibiotics and PC treatments, however, the 60-PC group consumed slightly higher feed intake, compared to chickens under antibiotics and the other level of PC supplementation. Chickens in 60-PC ate 4-12 more feed than the others at the end of the trial period. Cumulative water used per kg feed did not differ among the experimental groups. The control and the PC supplemented chickens shared homogenous body weight and weight gains patterns, averaging 403.79 to 415.20g and 85.49 to 86.85g, respectively. Supplementation of 40-PC and 60-PC in drinking water for native chickens reduced the mortality rate and comparable feed conversion ratio with antibiotics. The 60-PC as a phytogenic water additive could enhance the growth performance, increase the survival rate, reduce mortality, and improve feed conversion ratio correlative to antibiotics © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
A. Taer
E. Taer
2022-12-03T02:21:37Z
2022-12-03T02:21:37Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/709
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/709
2022-12-03T02:21:37Z
The Effect of Probiotic Derived from Kumpai Minyak (Hymenachne Amplexicaulis) Silage on Performance and Egg Quality Characteristics of Pegagan Ducks
The study aimed to determine the effect of probiotics derived from an isolate of silage Kumpai Minyak grass on performance and the physical egg quality of Pegagan ducks. The study was conducted in 16 weeks, from May to September 2020. The sample size was 400 female Pegagan ducks aged five months. The treatments included basal diet (Control) and base diet plus 0.2 (P2), 0.4 (P4), 0.6 (P6), and 0.8 (P8) probiotic silage of Kumpai Minyak grass. The observed variables were performance (egg production, egg weight, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio) and physical quality (albumen index, albumen weight, yolk weight, and Haugh unit). Observation data on probiotic treatment 0.8 (P8) established a significant effect on egg weight, compared to other treatments. Moreover, P8 probiotic treatment could significantly affect daily egg production and feed conversion ratio, compared to P2 and P4 probiotic treatments. Different results were found in the observations on feed consumption, where the overall treatment diet indicated significant results, compared to the control treatment. Specifically, several variables showed a significant effect, namely albumen index, albumen weight, egg yolk weight, and Haugh unit. Each observed variable value increased along with increasing probiotic treatment levels. However, egg index, egg yolk index, shell weight, and thickness were inversely related to the other variables investigated in this study. The P8 probiotic treatment could increase digestibility and absorption of feed nutrients due to inhibition of pathogenic bacteria and optimization of the digestive tract. The probiotics at the level of 0.8 produced from the Kumpai grass silage process can be used as a growth promoter for laying ducks to replace commercial antibiotic products © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
S. Sandi
F. Yosi
E. Sahara
A.I.M. Ali
N. Gofar
N. Muhamad
2022-12-03T02:21:13Z
2022-12-03T02:21:13Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/708
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/708
2022-12-03T02:21:13Z
Subchronic Toxicity of Ivermectin and Butaphosphan in Layer Chickens
The development of new veterinary drugs to treat and prevent poultry parasitic infections, as well as the study of their safety is a hot topic for modern parasitology. The purpose of this research was to study the subchronic toxicity of the ivermectin and butaphosphan-based drugs at a therapeutic and threefold therapeutic dose during a seven-day oral administration to the Hisex White chickens. The provisional name of the drug is Iverbutan. The chickens from the first experimental group were given the drug at a threefold therapeutic dose of 3 mL of the drug per one liter of drinking water. The chickens from the second experimental group were given the drug at a therapeutic dose of 1 mL of Iverbutan per one liter of drinking water. The chickens from the control group received water without the drug. The chickens were weighed, and then the body temperature and blood samples from the axillary vein were measured on days 1, 8, and 17 of the experiment before the morning feeding. On day 8 of the study, the chickens from the first experimental group showed a 7.4 decrease in body weight and increase in body temperature by 0.8, an increase in alanine aminotransferase activity by 2.1 times, aspartate aminotransferase activity by 1.6 times, and bile acids by 1.4 times. Moreover, there was a 4.6 decrease in glucose concentration, a 3.5 increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity, a 7.3 decrease in triglycerides, as well as a decrease in hemoglobin by 3.2 and erythrocytes by 10.6 in the first experimental group, compared to the control group. On day 17 of the experiment, the above blood parameters in the chickens from the first experimental group did not significantly differ from the control group, indicating the reversibility of the hepatotoxic effect. In this regard, a three-fold therapeutic dose can be considered a threshold. The chickens from the second experimental group showed no changes in their physiological status as compared to the control. Thus, the study results confirm the safety of the drug in the recommended dosage regimen © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
E. Indyuhova
M. Arisov
V. Maximov
T. Azarnova
2022-12-03T02:20:48Z
2022-12-03T02:20:48Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/707
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/707
2022-12-03T02:20:48Z
Effects of Group Sizing on Behavior, Welfare, and Productivity of Poultry
The excessive intensive production of poultry meat and egg caused significant changes in poultry husbandry, behavior, and welfare. Therefore, animal welfare and behavior have become an important issue in poultry production and arises the necessity to reconsider all husbandry practices including group size and density. This review aims to investigate the association of group size with growth performance, detrimental behaviors, and welfare by reviewing current norms and regulations, as well as scientific literature in industrial poultry farms, including chicken, turkey, and quail. It has been found that group size can affect production performance, especially growth rates, feed efficiency, and number of competitors, which can lead to damaging behavior and consequently injuries in poultry. Due to the intensification of the poultry production systems, many natural behaviors of domesticated poultry, including food search strategies, hierarchy formation, and aggressiveness, are changed or modified, compared to their ancestors. Therefore, challenging behaviors in commercialized conditions and large groups of poultry must be investigated. The current recommendations and regulations of the industry for commercial poultry on group size and space requirements differ from scientifically investigated trials. On the other hand, available scientific research about the impact of flock size on poultry welfare, behavior, and production, has been carried out in experimental settings with flock sizes that are varied considerably from those used in the commercial settings. In conclusion, results from studies on optimum group size have indicated some degree of confounding and interactions between enclosure size and density. Furthermore, the social and physical environment can have a significant impact on a variety of welfare-related aspects and behavioral indicators. It is important to note that this evaluation focused on studies conducted in experimental settings, making it difficult to extrapolate the findings to commercial settings where thousands of birds are reared at once © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
A. Kiani
2022-12-03T02:20:31Z
2022-12-03T02:20:31Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/706
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/706
2022-12-03T02:20:31Z
The Effect of Kepok Banana (Musa Paradisiaca L.) on Immunoglobulin, Vitamins, and Cholesterol Content of Eggs in Laying Hens
Eggs contain all the proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and growth factors necessary for the development of the embryo. Egg white and yolk proteins are considered functional food substances since they have biological activities, such as metal-chelating, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. The current study aimed to determine the effect of banana kepok on the production levels of immunoglobulin Y (IgY), vitamins, and cholesterol of eggs in laying hens. A total of 200 laying hens (medium brown 402) were used at 80 weeks of age with 5 treatments and 5 replications and each entailed 8 chickens. The treatment groups included the use of kepok banana flour (KBF) as R0 (no KBF), R1 (95 Basal feed + 5 KBF), R2 (90 basal feed + 10 KBF), R3 (85 basal feed + 15 KBF), and R4 (80 basal feed + 20 KBF). A total of 50 eggs were used in egg yolk sampling. The investigated variables were egg IgY, vitamins (A, B1, B6, D2, D3), and cholesterol content. The results of the study indicated that the administration of kepok bananas at different levels could provide a significant difference in IgY, vitamins (A, B1, D2, D3), and cholesterol of eggs. However, it did not significantly affect Vitamin B6. The study concluded that KBF can positively affect IgY and vitamins in eggs. Moreover, it could decrease the cholesterol in eggs © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
J.R. Leke
E. Wantasen
R. Siahaan
F. Sompie
C. Kaunang
T. Widjastuti
M.H. Natsir
2022-12-03T02:19:57Z
2022-12-03T02:19:57Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/705
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/705
2022-12-03T02:19:57Z
The Effect of Artemisia on Immune Response and Productive Performance Against Newcastle Disease in Broiler Chickens
Prevention of Newcastle disease has received a lot of interest across the world. The high productivity performance of the commercial chickens’ breeds has negative effects on the immune system and animal welfare. As a result, the current study aimed to investigate the benefits of adding Artemisia powder at levels of 0.5 and 1 to broilers’ feed as a growth and health promoter. A total of 120 commercial broiler chickens were grown on the floor in a chicken house and separated into three groups, including one control and two treatment groups. Each group contained 40 chickens subdivided into two replicates. The three groups, namely G1 (chickens without Artemisia powder, as a control group), G2, and G3 in which chickens were fed with basal diet plus 0.5 and 1 Artemisia powder, respectively, were differentiated based on their diet throughout 35 days of the experiment. The measured parameters included the immune response to Newcastle disease vaccine, blood biochemical parameters, and growth performance as well as relative weight for the spleen and bursa of Fabricius. A diet containing 1 Artemisia powder significantly improved antibody titer against Newcastle disease, body weight, and weight gain. Thus, the addition of 1 of Artemisia powder to the broiler’s diet can improve immune response against Newcastle disease and growth performance © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
H.T. Kaab
S.S. Hameed
A.M. Sahib
2022-12-03T02:19:32Z
2022-12-03T02:19:32Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/704
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/704
2022-12-03T02:19:32Z
Socioeconomic Survey and Physicochemical Parameters of Chicken Eggs concerning the Breeding Systems in Cameroon
Physicochemical characteristics of eggs are still poorly controlled in poultry farming in the city of Ngaoundéré, Cameroon. The present study was thus conducted to characterize the rearing systems in modern poultry farming and to analyze the physicochemical characteristics of eggs from hens reared in deep litter, battery, and backyard systems from August to October 2020 in Ngaoundéré, Cameroon. To this end, 33 farms with approximately 61100 hens (Cobb500 broiler and layer) were surveyed. At the end of this survey, a sample of 180 eggs was collected, with 60 eggs per system for physicochemical analyses. Data included socio-economic and technical characteristics of modern farming systems as well as the physicochemical parameters of the eggs. The obtained results indicated that 90.9 of Cobb500 chicken owners were men. Of the total of the layer’s buildings, 73 were equipped with nests. The materials used for feeders were made of wood (54.4), plastic (21.2), or cement (6.1). Moreover, 81.1 of the poultry farmers buy chicken feed on the market while the others prepare their own feed from various ingredients. Preventive and curative prophylactic measures were applied by all livestock farmers, yet 54. 5 were still victims of different diseases. The selling price of a 45-day-old broiler chicken was between 4 and 6 USD, while the price of a 30-egg tray varied between 3 and 4 USD, which contributed to 60-80 of family income for 54.5 of poultry farmers. The high feed cost as well as lack of finance, ingredients, and security were the main issues of poultry farming. Concerning the physicochemical characteristics of eggs, a significant increase in egg weight was noted among backyard (43.50 ± 3.15 g), battery (58.19 ± 4.02 g), and deep litter (63.51 ± 3.91 g) systems. The Haugh’s Unit of eggs in the backyard system (72.33 ± 4.42) was significantly lower than deep litter (82.91 ± 6.76) and battery systems (86.83 ± 11.42). The proportions of eggshell and edible contents were similar in all production systems. Yolk lipid (17.63) and yolk protein (7.11) in dry matter contents of local breed eggs were higher than those of improved breed from both systems. The findings indicated that modern poultry farming in Ngaoundéré has been poorly developed and backyard eggs were richer in nutrients and consequently highly recommended to use © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
D.K. Francois
M. Bachirou
R.-R.R. Mihail
T. Clergé
2022-12-03T02:18:49Z
2022-12-03T02:18:49Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/703
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/703
2022-12-03T02:18:49Z
A Meta-analysis of Fiber Ratio Effects on Growth Performance, Gastrointestinal Traits, and Nutrient Digestibility of Broiler Chickens
Fiber is one of the essential nutrients for broiler chickens. This meta-analysis was carried out to investigate the impacts of fiber fraction ratio on broiler chickens growth performance, digestive characteristics, and nutritional digestibility. The database was compiled from 15 publications reports on the addition of fiber sources in broilers feed. To analyze the effect of acid detergent fiber (ADF) / neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratio, the mixed model technique was utilized, with ADF/NDF ratio in the feed as a fixed effect and the experiment as a random effect. The ADF/NDF ratio in the feed had no effect on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed per gain ratio in this research. Moreover, a decrease in ADF/NDF ratio in broiler chicken feed increased the relative weight of the gizzard. The relative weight and length of the small intestine and cecum were not affected by the ADF/NDF ratio in the feed. The ADF/NDF ratio in feed enhanced ileal digestibility and total tract apparent retention of most nutrients. The ADF/NDF ratio in the feed had no effect on the jejunal morphology. The minimum ADF/NDF ratio of 0.37 in the feed led to the maximum growth performance, digestive tract development, and optimal nutrient digestibility. In conclusion, controlling the ratio of fiber fraction in broiler chickens feed can improve broiler performance in the non-antibiotic growth promoters era. © 2022
I. Nursiam
M. Ridla
N. Nahrowi
W. Hermana
A. Jayanegara
2022-12-03T02:18:31Z
2022-12-03T02:18:31Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/702
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2022-12-03T02:18:31Z
Phenotypic Characters and TYRP1 Polymorphism of F4 Golden Kamper Hybrid Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus Linnaeus, 1758)
Golden Kamper is a local meat-typed chicken with four generations of Pelung male and Layer female selective breeding. This chicken has various plumage colors and patterns. Therefore, the desired plumage color is red barred plumage (B1). In chickens, the missense mutation in the Tyrosinase-related-proteins 1 (TYRP1) causes a chocolate color plumage (choc) with an epistatic effect on barred plumage. The current study aimed to observe the growth of 16 chickens from hatching until 49 days of age to investigate the phenotypic characteristics, especially plumage color at 49-day-old chickens, then to determine the effect of the TYRP1 polymorphism on F4 Golden Kamper phenotypes. The methods used in this study included selective breeding among F3 Golden Kamper, collection of F3 Golden Kamper’s eggs, then rearing the day-old chickens of F4 Golden Kamper. Phenotypic data were collected and blood collection was performed for DNA isolation, DNA amplification, and sequencing. Of 16 F4 Golden Kamper, all chickens had a uniform comb type of single (rprp, 100). The produced shank colors were white (31.25), yellow (62.5), and blackish gray (6.25). The plumage colors were red barred (12.5), white barred (12.5), brown (68.75), and chocolate (6.25). The bodyweight of F4 Golden Kamper at the age of 7 weeks reached 597.3 g. The morphometric results indicated that F4 Golden Kamper had the same posture and body proportions as Pelung chickens, however, with a higher weight. Fourteen substitutions were found in the TYRP1 fragment of F4 Golden Kamper. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) had no correlation with the chocolate plumage phenotype in F4 Golden Kamper. The evaluated SNPs in TYRP1 were not associated with the brown plumage color phenotype. © 2022
G.I. Firmansyah
A.B.I. Perdamaian
B.S. Daryono
2022-12-03T02:17:42Z
2022-12-03T02:17:42Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/700
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/700
2022-12-03T02:17:42Z
Effect of Partial Replacement of Yellow Corn by Mango Seed Kernel on Productive Performance, Egg Quality, and Blood Constituents of Laying Hens
Corn is the main energy source in most poultry feed. Due to rapid climate change, corn production cannot keep up with the demand for food and industrial applications. This necessitated the search for alternatives, such as agro-industrial by-products like mango seed kernel, which is a good source of carbohydrates and protein and can wholly or partly replace corn. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of partial replacement of yellow corn (YC) with soaked mango seed kernel (SMSK) on productive and reproductive performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry, hematological parameters, and antioxidants status of local laying hens. A total of 120 local Gimmizah breeds (108 females and 12 males) at 32 weeks of age were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with three replicates (9 hens + 1 male per replicate). The treatments were YC replaced by SMSK at 0, 10, 15, and 20 levels in the hen diets for 12 weeks. Replacing YC with SMSK increased egg production, weight and number of eggs, and egg mass, and improved feed conversion ratio, but feed intake was not affected. Replacement of yellow corn with SMSK did not affect egg quality parameters. The hens in the SMSK 10 and SMSK 15 groups had the highest fertility, hatchability, post-hatch chick weight, and number followed by those in the SMSK 20 group. Groups given varying levels of SMSK had the lowest rate of embryonic mortality. Carcass weight and dressing percentage were positively affected by the 10 and 15 SMSK diet, except for the heart, pancreas, and spleen. Hematological indices were not influenced by dietary SMSK except for higher platelets in the SMSK 20 group. Total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels were similar among treatments. In SMSK groups, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and malondialdehyde levels decreased significantly, whereas IgG and catalase levels increased. These findings indicated that SMSK up to 20 could be considered a successful nutritional and health approach and can be partially substituted for YC with no adverse impact on the productive, reproductive and physiological performance of laying hens. © 2022
M.E.E. Farag
K.-E.M.E. Moustafa
A.S. El-Saadany
S.H.A. Hafsa
2022-12-03T02:17:20Z
2022-12-03T02:17:20Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/699
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/699
2022-12-03T02:17:20Z
Serological and Molecular Detection of Local Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Vaccinated Broiler Chickens in Diyala Governorate, Iraq
The infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is one of the most important Coronaviridae viruses, infecting the upper respiratory tract of chickens and leading to considerable losses in the poultry industry across the globe. Many outbreaks have recently occurred among IBV-vaccinated chicken farms in the Diyala Governorate of Iraq resulting in significant economic losses. As a result, the purpose of the present study was to investigate whether IBV can be a source of infection spread in IBV-vaccinated commercial broiler flock farms in Diyala Governorate. In this regard, ELISA was used as a serological test and RT-PCR as a molecular detection technique. Serum samples were collected from chickens suspected of IBV at 16 and 23 days of age. The results showed a significant increase of IgG antibodies in such serum samples at days 16 and 23 of age indicating the infections of the broilers with IBV. However, at the age of 2-3 weeks, the samples of kidney, liver, trachea, and lungs were collected from clinically and sub-clinically infected flocks, and also postmortem samples were sampled from all farms. Two sets of previously reported primers were created for this purpose in the S1-protein gene region. According to the findings of the present investigation, IBV was found in 83 of samples. Finally, despite immunization with IB4/91, IBV was prevalent in broiler chicken farms in the study area confirmed by serology and molecular biology tests. This finding indicates the possibility of genetic difference between the locally discovered IBV and the administered IBV vaccine. A study on the production of local vaccines can be useful in controlling IBV infections. © 2022
K.A. Jasim
A.K. Al-Azzawi
T.J. Kadhim
K.S. AL-Ajeeli
2022-12-03T02:16:57Z
2022-12-03T02:16:57Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/698
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/698
2022-12-03T02:16:57Z
Genetic Characterization of Co-circulated Classic and Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses in Commercial Broiler Flocks of Egypt
In recent years, the reintroduction of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), particularly its severe strains, has imposed considerable cost on the Egyptian poultry industry. The goal of the current study was to investigate the molecular features of IBDV in Egypt from June 2019 to April 2021. A total of 30 field samples (bursa of Fabricius) were collected from broiler farms in which the chickens were vaccinated (Transmune 2512 s/c) at hatching. A highly variable region encompassing VP2 gene was targeted for IBDV screening utilizing reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Of 30 tested samples, 16 were positive by PCR. To isolate the virus, the bursal suspension was injected into 10-11 day embryonated chicken eggs via the chorioallantoic membrane. Five current positive isolates from 2021 were chosen for nucleotide and amino acid (aa) sequence analysis. Phylogenetically, three of the strains under study belonged to the very virulent (vvIBDV) strains, with 97-98 resemblance to Giza 2008 belonging to the (Genogroup 3) IBDV strain. The remaining two strains were identified as a vaccination strain (genotype 1) that matched the winter field 2512 vaccine strain by a similarity percentage of 98. Mutations in the antigenic locations of (P) domain loops were discovered when the sequencing samples were compared to the existing IBD vaccines. The circulating strains were found to be very similar to vvIBDV serotype 1 genotype 3 strains with mutations in the P domain loop providing a potential reason for the circulation of vvIBDV viruses in Egyptian broiler farms despite the vaccination program. © 2022
A. Zanaty
Z. Mossad
M. Said
M. Samy
F. Amer
N. Rabie
M.A. Soliman
2022-12-03T02:14:51Z
2022-12-03T02:14:51Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/697
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/697
2022-12-03T02:14:51Z
The Impacts of Locally Cultivated Herbs on Physical Parameters and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens
Herbs greatly influence broiler chickens’ performance and may alternate the use of antibiotics in the poultry sector. The study investigated the effects of local natural herbs on Ross 308 broiler chickens’ physical characteristics and meat quality. A total of 702-day-old broiler chickens were divided into two trials consisting of 13 treatment groups fed 11 diets. Treatments included control groups (CGIa and CGIb); Basal diet (BD) free of antioxidants and antibiotics, and CGIIa, CGIIb; BD complemented with antioxidants and antibiotics, and experimental groups (EG); EGIII (1 peppermint + BD), EGIV (1 thyme + BD), EGV (0.5 peppermint + 0.5 thyme), EGVI (1 rosemary + BD), EGVII (1 chamomile flowers + BD), EGVIII (0.5 rosemary + 0.5 chamomile), EGIX (1 onion powder + BD), EGX (1 garlic powder + BD), and EGXI (0.5 onion powder + 0.5 garlic powder). Maximum and minimum feed intake averages were in EGV and EGIII (94.90 and 77.74 kg/group, respectively). Live body weight gains of both EGVI and CGIIa were significantly higher than EGIV, EGVIII, and CGIa. Chicks of EGVIII showed the lowest net weight percentage in relation to live body weight (carcass yield). Breast meat pH ranged between 5.26 and 6.14 (in EGVII and EGIV, respectively) 24 hours after cooling, and between 5.86 and 6.11 (in CGIa and EGVI, respectively) one month after freezing. Breast meat lightness was significantly higher in EGVI than EGVIII at 24 hours after cooling, and it was the highest in EGVI 1 month after freezing. Breast meat redness was the highest in CGIIa at 24 hours after cooling. EGIX showed a significantly higher redness value one month after freezing than EG X, CG Ib, and CG IIb. Yellowness ranged between 7.58 and 13.54 for EGX and CGIa, respectively, 24 hours after cooling, and between 8.29 and 13.95 a month after cooling for EGX and EGV, respectively. Tested herbs had comparable effects to antibiotics on chicken growth and meat quality. Rosemary (1) had an ameliorative effect on chickens’ body growth. Chamomile (1) as well as thyme and peppermint mix (0.5 each), improved the palatability for feed © 2022, Journal of World's Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
R. Al Hanna
2022-12-03T02:13:38Z
2022-12-03T02:13:38Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/696
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2022-12-03T02:13:38Z
Effects of Date Seed Flour on Broiler Chickens’ Growth Performance, Apparent Digestibility of Protein, and Apparent Metabolizable Energy
The use of agricultural by-products as alternative feed ingredients is recommended to reduce production costs and maximize income. This study aimed to determine the effects of added date seed flour on broiler chickens’ growth performance, protein digestibility, and metabolic energy. A total of 200 Lohmann MB-202 day-old chicks were randomly allocated to 5 treatments and 4 replication with 10 broiler chickens per cage. The treatments used in the current research included control without the addition of date seed flour (T0), basal feed + 2.5 date seed flour (T1), basal feed + 5.0 date seed flour (T2), basal feed + 7.5 date seed flour (T3), basal feed + 10 date seed flour (T4). The investigated parameters were growth performance, apparent digestibility of protein, and apparent metabolizable energy-nitrogen (AMEn). The result showed that adding date seed flour significantly affected final body weight, apparent digestibility of protein, and AMEn. In contrast, the date seed flour was no significant effect on the feed intake feed conversion ratio and income over feed cost. In conclusion, the addition of 10 date seed flour successfully increases final body weight, apparent digestibility of protein, and AMEn without any adverse effect on the broiler chickens. © 2022, Journal of World"s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
I. Sholichatunnisa
O. Sjofjan
T.E. Susilorini
D.N. Adli
M.H. Natsir
2022-12-03T02:13:02Z
2022-12-03T02:13:02Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/695
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2022-12-03T02:13:02Z
Controlling Immunomodulation Effects of Deoxynivalenol Mycotoxins by NanoZinc Oxide and Probiotic in Broiler Chickens
The elimination of adverse toxic effects of mycotoxins is currently the main strategy in animal production, particularly in poultry. The current study investigated the influence of chronic administration of deoxynivalenol on the health status, biochemical and immunological parameters of broiler chickens and the efficacy of ZnO-NPs and probiotics in preventing and treating the effect of toxicity. The experiment program lasted 6 weeks and was performed on a total of 60 broiler chickens aged 5 days, divided into six groups. Group 1 received healthy feed free of toxins, group 2 was fed with deoxynivalenol (DON), group 3 received Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and DON, group 4 had ZnO-NPs for 1 week, then DON was added for the remaining 5 weeks, group 5 was fed on ZnO-NPs, 1 g probiotic powder/kg of diet, and DON, group 6 had ZnO-NPs and 1 g probiotic powder/kg of diet for 1 week, then DON was added for 5 weeks. The used dose of ZnO-NPs was 50 ppm, and DON was 5 ppm in the diet. The intoxicated chickens showed adverse changes as increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, serum hepatic, and pancreatic enzymes, as well as decreased free amino acids. The supplementation of ZnO-NPs and/or probiotics improved all toxic changes resulting from DON toxicity, indicating that the metal nanoparticles and probiotics can be used together in poultry feed to avoid the addition of high doses of ZnO-NPs. Therefore, the use of 50 ppm of nanomaterial supplementation plus 1 g probiotic/ kg feed for the degradation of mycotoxins in poultry feed is recommended as it is safe and affordable. © 2022, Journal of World"s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
R.M.H. Sayed-ElAhl
A.A. Hassan
M.K. Mansour
A.M.M. Abdelmoteleb
A.M.A. El-Hamaky
2022-12-03T02:11:45Z
2022-12-03T02:11:45Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/694
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2022-12-03T02:11:45Z
Effect of Hybrid Nanomaterial of Copper-Chitosan against Aflatoxigenic Fungi in Poultry Feed
In the past decades, the application of nanotechnology indicated significant improvements in animal health. In the present work, 60 samples of poultry feeds were examined, including 20 samples for each yellow corn, soya bean, and processed feed. The prevalence of total fungi was reported as 100, 95, and 100 in yellow corn, soya bean, and processed feed, respectively. Toxin-producing Aspergillus flavus represented 75 of isolates from yellow corn, 88 from soya bean meal, and 50 from processed feed. Aflatoxins were found in 88, 60, and 80 of yellow corn, soya bean, and processed feed with mean levels of 18.5 ± 3.216.0 ± 4.08.3 ± 1.7 ppm, respectively. The copper nanoparticles embedded with chitosan were green synthesized using an eco-friendly method, and their antifungal activity was evaluated against aflatoxigenic mold that recovered from poultry feeds. However, the molecular detection of virulent genes of Aspergillus flavus (aflR gene) after their exposure to high doses of copper-chitosan nanoparticles (CuCh-NPs) 150 μg/ml prevents aflR gene expression. The embedded chitosan with copper nanomaterial helps decrease their suspected toxicity to animals by reducing the used doses. Hence, the use of nanocomposites of nanomaterials with green benefits substances, such as chitosan, was the essential strategy of field application in veterinary. © 2022, Journal of World"s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
A.A. Hassan
N.H. Oraby
M.M. El-mesalamy
R.M.H. Sayed-ElAhl
2022-12-03T02:10:48Z
2022-12-03T02:10:48Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/693
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2022-12-03T02:10:48Z
Proximate Chemical Analysis and Deterioration Criteria of Goose Giblets
Goose meat is one of the most common types of meat consumed worldwide. Egyptian goose species, known as Alopochen aegyptiacus is one of the first reared poultry species. As meat consumption and the need for animal protein rise globally, edible giblets can serve as abundant protein and fat sources. Recently, edible giblets have become readily available, quick-to-prepare food on the market. This study aimed to reveal the proximate chemical composition (protein, fat, moisture, and ash) as well as the deterioration criteria (pH, Total volatile basic nitrogen TVBN value, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance TBA value) of Egyptian goose giblets, including liver, gizzard, and heart. A total of 60 samples of goose giblets, including liver, gizzard, and heart (n = 20 each), were collected from Giza and Cairo cities, Egypt. The results showed a marked variation among each giblet type. The goose’s highest protein content (24.48%), moisture content (72.42%), and fat content (12.18%) were recorded for liver, gizzard, and heart, respectively. Moreover, the highest pH (6.72) and TVBN mean value (5.61 mg/100 gm) were indicated in goose’s livers, while the highest TBA mean (0.67 mg malonaldehyde/kg) was obtained from goose’ hearts. These findings may provide a clear understanding for both consumers and possessors about the nutritional value of goose giblets which could be used as an alternative protein source. Moreover, the obtained data in the current study could help meat technology processors to add nutritional value to goose products using goose giblets © 2022, Journal of World"s Poultry Research.All Rights Reserved.
Z.M. Nagy
M.M.T. Emara
N.A. Yessien
H.M.B.A. Zaki
2022-12-03T02:10:18Z
2022-12-03T02:10:18Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/692
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/692
2022-12-03T02:10:18Z
A Microscopic Study on Morphology of Reactive Thrombocytes in Duckling
Thrombocytes, well known as important clotting factors, and now known to be important as phagocytic cells, might benefit the study of the avian hemogram. Therefore, blood was sampled from 4 late-stage embryos at embryo day 24, and 4 one-day-old hatchlings (d1), and 5 female ducks aged 59 weeks stained by Wright-Giemsa and examined at 100x. Standard differential counts (SDC) of 2 x 200 cells were used to determine total white blood counts (TWBC) and heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratios. Thrombocytes were not included in the SDC but were studied from photomicrographs. Reactive thrombocytes were present in blood films having a normal TWBC or in the presence of leukocytosis (59 weeks). The H/L ratios may or may not be elevated. Reactive thrombocytes can be differentiated from quiescent types on morphologic criteria. These included an increase in the number of magenta “specific granules”, the development of cytoplasmic vacuoles, and a capacity to form aggregates with other Th or with cells of another series. Reactive Th were not necessarily larger in size than quiescent types. In some instances, Th aggregation with RBC (toroid formation) was with sufficient force to distort the RBC cell membrane. It was observed that reactive thrombocytes were accompanied by bacteria, either free-swimming or attached to cell-associated bacteria. Reactive thrombocytes having lost portions of their cell membrane were regularly encountered. As avian thrombocytes are now recognized as important phagocytic cells, as well as having a primary role in hemostasis, they are part of the immune defense mechanism. The presence of reactive thrombocytes in a hemogram should be considered when using hematological data to evaluate immune responses and establish stress status. © 2022, Journal of World"s Poultry Research. All Rights Reserved.
P.F. Cotter
2022-12-03T02:09:52Z
2022-12-03T02:09:52Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/691
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2022-12-03T02:09:52Z
Microbiological Evaluation and Molecular Discrimination of Milk Samples from Humans and Different Animals
Milk is a highly nutritious food and it is important to be free of any pathogenic microbes that could be transmitted to humans and affect public health. A total of 145 milk samples were collected from humans and different animal species (cow, buffalo, ewe, goat, camel, mare, and donkey) and underwent physical examination (color, odor, and taste), chemical analysis for its components (water, total salt, fat, protein, lactose, and ash), and finally microbiological (bacteriological and mycological) examinations. Standard plate count, preliminary incubation count, lab pasteurized count, coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus species, Salmonella species, yeast, and mold counts were measured. PCR test was performed to differentiate milk from different sources (animals and humans) by producing a specific band for each milk type. The results of the physical examination of different kinds of milk showed different grades of white color with the characteristic odor and taste of each milk type. Chemical examination revealed that the highest water content was in donkey milk and the lowest was in buffalo milk while total solids indicated the highest content in sheep milk and the lowest in donkey milk. The microbiological analysis presented that the standard plate count results were the highest in the milk obtained from sheep and camel, while donkey milk was the least in this regard. Yeast counts were the highest in buffalo milk but cow milk was the highest in mold counts. PCR results of milk types using species-specific primers and DNA template extracted from milk somatic cells revealed a specific band for each milk type as 157, 195, 225, 242, 274, and 711 base pair (bp) for goat, human, sheep, buffalo, cattle milk, and camel milk, respectively. It was concluded that more restrictions must be applied to decrease milk contamination as high microbial counts detected in the present study can affect milk quality, public health, and the dairy industry. PCR used in the current work for milk discrimination used milk somatic cells specifically mitochondrial cytochrome b gene which exhibited high specificity in the PCR reactions and this could be served as a cheap and simple method, compared to other types of PCR. © 2022. All Rights Reserved.
A.S.M. Abuelnaga
N.S. Ata
K.A.E.-H.A. El-Razik
R.H. Hedia
M.M.H. Soliman
M.M. Kandil
E.A.-E. Elgabry
A.A. Arafa
2022-12-03T02:09:31Z
2022-12-03T02:09:31Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/690
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2022-12-03T02:09:31Z
Heterogeneity of Yersinia ruckeri Isolated from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Infected with Enteric Red Mouth Disease
Regarding the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance as a global menace, typing procedures are of great importance in epidemiological surveys. In the current study, interspecies differences of Yersinia ruckeri (Y. ruckeri) isolates were detected by antimicrobial susceptibility profiling and molecular traits to determine the relationship between isolates. The current study was conducted on 27 Y. ruckeri isolates collected from 40 infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with clinical enteric red mouth disease in Mashhad, Iran. Interspecies differences of all isolates were detected by antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using disk diffusion method, Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic PCR (REP-PCR), Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR), and Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA PCR (RAPD-PCR) to determine the relationship between isolates. Simpson's diversity index was calculated for each typing technique. The most phenotype resistant was against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and lincomycin. Furthermore, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin showed the highest activity (100) against isolates. According to the results, the highest diversity index was observed in the REP-PCR method (D = 0.91). In conclusion, REP-PCR can be a powerful technique for epidemiological studies. © 2022. All Rights Reserved.
F. Aflakian
H. Nikoueian
H. Salimizand
M. Rad
A.R. Zomorodi
2022-12-03T02:08:39Z
2022-12-03T02:08:39Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/688
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/688
2022-12-03T02:08:39Z
In vitro Anthelmintic Efficacy of Nano-encapsulated Bromelain against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Goats in Kenya
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) significantly affect goats’ productivity, and thus farmers carry out regular deworming to manage the infections. The emergence of anthelmintic resistance and the high cost of current drugs call for the development of alternatives, including medicinal plant extracts. The current study aimed to assess the anthelmintic efficacy of chitosan encapsulated bromelain (EB) against a selected range of GIN affecting goats in Kenya. Bromelain was extracted using standard laboratory methods from peels of ripe pineapples and thereafter encapsulated with chitosan. The GIN eggs were isolated from goat feces using the flotation method and were then subjected to PCR to identify the species. Adult worms were collected from the gastrointestinal tract of goats slaughtered at the nearby Ruiru abattoir. The PCR showed the extracted strongyle eggs consisted of 7 species of nematodes, including Haemonchus contortus, Oesophagostomum spp., Nematodirus filicollis, Ostertagia ostertagi, Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, and Trichostrongylus axei. The in vitro assays showed that chitosan EB had an IC50 of 0.184 mg/mL, 0.116 mg/mL, and 0.141 mg/mL for the egg hatch inhibition, larval, and adult mortality assays, respectively. In all the assays, EB indicated better activity than non-encapsulated bromelain. The EB affected the eggs and worms through softening and embrittling the cuticle and shell as well as damaging the blastomeres and causing the death of the growing embryo. According to the results of the current study, EB has high anthelmintic activity on a large range of GIN and has the potential to contribute to the management of these parasites of small ruminants. © 2022. World''s Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved
A.R. Daiba
J.M. Kagira
M. Ngotho
J. Kimotho
N. Maina
2022-12-03T02:08:19Z
2022-12-03T02:08:19Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/687
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/687
2022-12-03T02:08:19Z
Evaluation of Histopathological Changes in Cantang Groupers’ Brain and Gill Infected with Streptococcus Iniae
Cantang hybrid grouper is the result of hybridization between female Macan grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and male Kertang grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus). Hybrid fish have better performance in terms of growth, resistance to diseases, and tolerance to environmental factors, compared to the parents. One of the diseases that can attack fish is an infection induced by Streptococcus iniae (S. iniae), which is quite a dangerous bacterium since it can cause mass death of fish. The present study aimed to investigate the pathological changes of the brain and gill of Cantang hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and Epinephelus lanceolatus) infected with S. iniae. A total of 180 groupers from the Management Unit of Brackish Water Aquaculture, Situbondo, Indonesia, were included in the current study with a length of 7 cm. The experimental study was conducted using a complete randomized design, including three treatments and three repetitions for each one (n = 20). The main parameters to observe the histopathological changes in the fish internal organs, namely the gill and the brain at the beginning and the end of the study. Moreover, the supporting parameter was the water quality which included the temperature, oxygen content, pH, and salinity. Several observations including the pathogenicity test, Lethal Dosage 50 test, observation of clinical symptoms, and observation of histopathology were done during the treatment. The obtained results were indicative of the histopathology damages in the brain and gill tissues of the Cantag hybrid groupers infected with S. iniae. Different scores of lesions, infiltration, congestion, and degeneration were indicated in the brain tissue. Furthermore, the gill damages consisted of hyperemia, congestion, and infiltration. In conclusion, Cantang hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and Epinephelus lanceolatus) infected with S. iniae indicated the clinical symptoms, anatomical pathology, and histopathological changes. © 2022. World''s Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved
D. Avrilia
H. Suprapto
B.S. Rahardja
2022-12-03T02:08:03Z
2022-12-03T02:08:03Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/684
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/684
2022-12-03T02:08:03Z
Identification of Blood-sucking Flies of Bats in Lombok Island, Indonesia
Bats and blood-sucking bat flies have an important role in transmitting several hemoparasites. Bat flies have been identified as vectors transmitting hemoparasites from wild bats. The purpose of the present study was to identify bats and their blood-sucking flies as vectors of hemoparasites in bat caves located at Lombok Island, Indonesia. In the course of the study, a survey was conducted on three bat caves from September to December 2018. The bats were captured by a net trap and the species of bats and bat flies were identified. A total of 66 captured bats were identified as Hipposideros species (n = 28), Eonycteris spelaea (n = 23), and Taphozouss species (n = 15). The blood-sucking flies were identified as Eucampsipoda sundaica on Eonycteris spelaea, and Stylidia cf. euxesta, Brachytarsina species, Raymondia species, and Megastrebla nigriceps on Hipposideros species. The results showed that five species of blood-sucking flies were present in captured bats. The bat and blood-sucking flies can influence the transmission of Polychromophilus species, Babesia species, Plasmodium species, and Trypanosoma species to humans and other hosts. © 2022
K. Kholik
C.D. Atma
N.S.I. Ningtyas
2022-12-03T02:07:05Z
2022-12-03T02:07:05Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/686
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/686
2022-12-03T02:07:05Z
Effects of Nano Zinc on Growth Performance, Health Status, and Cecal Microbiota in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Salmonella Kentucky
Public concern with the incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly among foodborne pathogens, such as Salmonella, has been challenging the poultry industry to find alternative means of control. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary replacement of inorganic zinc oxide (ZnO) by different levels of zinc nanoparticles on growth performance, blood serum biochemical changes, immune response, cecal microbiota, and some internal organs histopathology of Salmonella Kentucky (SK) challenged broiler chickens. A total of 180 one-day-old broiler chicks were used in the present experiment. The chicks were randomly allotted into six equal groups (30 chicks/group), with 3 subgroups containing 10 chicks as a replicate. The first group fed on the basal diet supplemented by 100 mg ZnO/kg diet, while the second and the third groups fed on the basal diet with replacement of ZnO by 100 and 50 mg of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs)/kg diet, respectively. Moreover, the fourth, fifth, and sixth groups fed as the first three groups with SK challenge on the third day of age. Results showed that supplementation of 100 mg ZnONPs/kg diet instead of ZnO reduced the severity of the clinical signs, post-mortem lesions, mortality, and SK fecal shedding of SK challenged chicks. Replacement of ZnO by 100 or 50 of ZnONPs increased cecal total bacterial counts and lactobacillus bacterial count while reducing total coliform counts. On the other hand, the SK challenge increased cecal total bacterial counts and lactobacillus bacterial counts, compared to the broiler chicks group fed on the diet without SK challenge. The SK challenge with inorganic zinc addition reduced body gain and feed conversion ratio, while 100 or 50 mg ZnONPs/kg diet supplementation instead of ZnO improved growth performance, feed efficiency parameters. It was observed that the replacement of inorganic zinc (serum ZnO) by 100 mg /kg diet significantly increased lysosomal and phagocytic activity by about 261.5 and 17.9, respectively. Moreover, 100 or 50 of ZnONPs instead of inorganic zinc significantly ZnONPs increased liver, spleen, and thymus gland relative weights of SK-challenged broiler chickens, compared to broiler chickens group fed on the same diet without challenge or compared to chicks group fed on ZnO supplemented diet with SK challenge, while replacement of inorganic zinc (ZnO) by 100 or 50mg ZnONPs/kg diet reduced the adverse effect. © 2022. World''s Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved
A. El-Shenawy
A.A. Salim
M.Y. Gouda
2022-12-03T02:06:46Z
2022-12-03T02:06:46Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/685
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/685
2022-12-03T02:06:46Z
Growth, Laying, and Survival Rates of the Galba truncatula Snails Infected with Fasciola hepatica
Fasciolosis is one of the most important parasitic diseases in ruminants in Algeria, of which the intermediate host is Galba truncatula (G. truncatula) snail. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Fasciola sp. in naturally infected G. truncatula snails using multiplex PCR. Secondly, it was targeted toward examining the rate of growth, survival, and laying of the snails in experimental conditions during 6 weeks of rearing in three tanks. This study was conducted in two different regions of Algeria, namely El Tarf and Constantine. The investigated tanks 1, 2, and 3 consisted of 12 (size 3-4 mm), 30 (size 5-6 mm), and 30 (size 7-8 mm) snails, respectively. Fasciola sp. DNA was detected in 33.33 of G. truncatula snails (25 in Constantine and 42.85 in El Tarf). The total survival rates in the first, second, and third tanks were 50, 43.3, and 40, respectively. The obtained results indicated that the growth rate of the snail depended on its initial size (the smaller the initial size, the higher the weekly growth rate). The total growth rates were 3, 1.7, and 1.1 mm in tanks 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The use of multiplex PCR indicated a relatively high level of infestation of the snails by Fasciola sp. Snails larger than 7 mm had the highest lay rate. Further studies are needed to investigate other snails that may be infested with Fasciola sp. © 2022
F. Aimeur
M. Mekroud
N.A. Khelifi-Touhami (Ex Ouchene-Khelifi)
A. Titi
N. Ouchene
A. Mekroud
2022-12-03T02:06:06Z
2022-12-03T02:06:06Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/683
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/683
2022-12-03T02:06:06Z
The Use of Soft Contact Bandage Lenses for Corneal Ulcer in Dogs and Cats: A Review
A corneal ulcer is the characteristic of the destruction of the corneal epithelium layer and loss of the stroma layer at various depths. At present time, soft bandage contact lenses are used in many countries for corneal ulcers in dogs and cats to protect their cornea, increase contact time with topical eyes solutions, and support corneal reepithelialization. This article aimed to review information on the use of soft contact bandage lenses to treat corneal ulcers in dogs and cats interms of their efficacy and precaution. The results of the present review have revealed that soft contact bandage lenses are used to protect the cornea, enhance contact time with topical eye treatments, reduce median healing time, and provide comfort in dogs and cats with corneal ulcers. In the case of serious infections and dry eyes, soft contact bandage lenses are not recommended. © 2022
N. Pratumjorn
N. Pumipuntu
R. Kusolsongkhrokul
A. Lorsirigool
2022-12-03T02:05:41Z
2022-12-03T02:05:41Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/682
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/682
2022-12-03T02:05:41Z
Effect of Oral Administration of Honey on Hematobiochemical Parameters of Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis
Honey from Trigona species is widely used as herbal medicine in humans due to its antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects as well as the potential to increase body resistance and boost blood formation. The current study aimed to determine the hemato-biochemical profile of dogs with atopic dermatitis treated with Trigona honey. The hematology profile included the measurement of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte index, as well as blood biochemical parameters, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and blood sugar. A total of 12 local dogs aged 4 months old were divided into two treatment groups, namely the control group (G1) and treatment with liquid Trigona honey at a dosage of 5 ml/dog/day (G2) for 35 days. Then, blood was collected and tested for routine and chemical blood assay. The results showed that the administration of fresh Trigona honey (5 ml/day for 5 weeks) exhibited a significant increase in most of hematological variables of dogs with atopic dermatitis, compared to G1. The results of blood biochemical profiles (AST, ALT, and blood glucose) remained unaffected by the treatment of Trigona honey. It can be concluded that honey from Trigona spp. was safe to be given to the dogs with dermatitis and no adverse physiological effects were observed during the present study. © 2022
I.N. Suartha
L.M. Sudimartini
P.D. Jayanti
N.P.A.D. Wijayanti
2022-12-03T02:05:15Z
2022-12-03T02:05:15Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/681
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/681
2022-12-03T02:05:15Z
Effect of Labazyme on Growth Performance, Physiological Parameters, and Economic Efficiency of Broiler Chickens
Enzymes have a significant positive effect on nutrient digestion, feed efficiency, and growth rate of poultry. The current experiment aimed to determine the optimal dosage levels of Labazyme as feed additives. A total of 240 oneday-old broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to four groups with three replicates. The feeding experiment was carried out from hatching to day 42 of age. Three experimental groups contained Labazyme at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/kg of the total diet. The control group received a basal diet. Growth performance, European performance efficiency index (EPEI), production index (PI), biochemical and lipid profiles, as well as antioxidant parameters were then measured. The results showed that chickens fed Labazyme supplementation (1 and 1.5 mg/kg) had a higher growth performance than those in the control group. Nonetheless, there was a significant difference between the Labazyme and the control group in terms of feed intake. In addition, Labazyme groups had a significantly positive effect on broiler economic scores. The EPEI and PI of the Labazyme-fed chickens were both higher than the control. There was a non-significant difference in total protein, albumin, globulin, and uric acid. The serum glucose level of the chickens fed Labazyme (1 and 1.5 mg/kg) was lower, compared to the control group. In contrast, chickens that consumed a diet supplemented with Labazyme 1 and 1.5 mg/kg indicated lower serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and very-low-density lipoprotein levels in broilers, compared to the control group. Serum high-density lipoprotein levels were improved and more pronounced in chickens fed Labazyme, compared to the control group. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that supplementation of Labazyme could help the improvement of growth performance, lipid profile, and profitability of broiler chickens. © 2022
A.S. Abdulwahid
A.B. Mohammed
S.M. Raouf
T.K.H. Aljumaily
2022-12-03T02:04:46Z
2022-12-03T02:04:46Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/680
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/680
2022-12-03T02:04:46Z
Parascaris equorum in Horses of Payakumbuh City, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Parascaris equorum is a species of the Ascarididae family which belongs to the phylum nematoda (roundworms) and is a type of parasite that affects equine health, performance, and production. The current study was carried out from April to August 2021 to determine the prevalence of equine Parascaris equorum in horses residing in Payakumbuh City, Indonesia. A total number of 128 fecal samples from horses were examined in the current study. Coprological examination was performed for the detection of Parascaris equorum eggs inside the amassed samples. The overall occurrence of Parascaris equorum was 14.06 (18 out of 128). The prevalence rates of sub-districts differed with the highest in East at 18.18 (8/44), followed by North, South, and West at 16.66 (6/36), 14.06 (2/22), and 7.7 (2/26), respectively. The obtained results indicated a significant difference in the prevalence rate of Parascaris equorum between males and females as well as those horses aged<5 years (26.22) and > 5 years (3). Therefore, it is critical to not only enhance horse health management, maintenance, and health but also to provide anti-parasitic medications on a regular basis. © 2022
E. Zelpina
S. Sujatmiko
P.S. Noor
D. Lefiana
2022-12-03T02:04:23Z
2022-12-03T02:04:23Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/679
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/679
2022-12-03T02:04:23Z
Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Diarrheic Sheep
One of the important agents causing gastroenteritis worldwide is Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni). The current study aimed to detect five virulence genes (flaA, virB11, ciaB, iam, and dnaJ) and two antibiotic resistance genes (gyrA and tetO) in C. jejuni obtained from sheep stool. The virulence genes were detected by PCR in 64 C. jejuni strains. The phenotypic resistance to five selected antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin, Gentamycin, Streptomycin, and Tetracycline) was screened with the microdilution method. The isolates with antibiograms were tested for detection of gyrA and tetO genes via PCR using specific primers. The virulence genes flaA (32) and dnaJ (29) had the highest prevalence. The tested isolates of C. jejuni revealed high resistance to both quinolone (68.3) and tetracycline groups (48.4) with an increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance of gyrA and tetO genes. Gentamycin and erythromycin offered better alternative drugs for the treatment of campylobacteriosis. To generalize the findings, extensive profiling that involves more virulence genes is required in several strains of Campylobacter. © 2022
A. Hafez
2022-12-03T02:03:40Z
2022-12-03T02:03:40Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/678
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/678
2022-12-03T02:03:40Z
Nutritional Content of Adult Norway Rats for Small Carnivores’ Feeding
Rats are the natural diet of many free-ranging carnivores. They are also fed to small carnivore mammals, raptor birds, and reptiles in captivity as a sole or partial diet, however, little is known about the nutrients that a rat can provide as animal feed. This study aimed to determine the nutritional content of the whole captive-bred Norway rats. A total of 12 randomly selected weaned male and female Wistar Norway rats were fed ad libitum with a local dry dog food diet. The rats were weighed weekly until an average weight of 300 g was reached. Biochemical and mineral analyses were carried out for each rat. The results of the study showed significant differences between male and female rats in terms of growth rate, crude protein, total fat, and calcium concentrations. Males presented a faster growth rate and reached the desired weight in around half the time (6 weeks), compared to females (13 weeks). Moreover, males had a higher percentage of crude protein (23.57) on a fed matter basis, calcium (2.61), and phosphorus (0.98). Females showed higher total fat (13.92) and lower crude protein (19.49), calcium (0.54), and phosphorus (0.47), compared to males. The results of this research may be used to determine whether a whole rat can provide all the necessary nutrients to carnivore animals commonly kept in captivity. Psirisn fisniser indicated that rats could provide the necessary nutrients, however, if given as a sole diet, they could not be enough to supply the nutritional requirements of animals in the long term. © 2022
N.M.B. Delboy
2022-12-03T02:03:13Z
2022-12-03T02:03:13Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/675
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/675
2022-12-03T02:03:13Z
A Retrospective Report of Viral and Bacterial Diseases in Livestock, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Livestock disease, particularly viral and bacterial disease, impedes livestock farming productivity and reduces available food in the current system, leading to food insecurity and economic losses. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of viral and bacterial disease in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A retrospective data of livestock diseases in the Eastern Cape Province from 2013 to 2018 was obtained from veterinary records in the Department of Rural and Agrarian Reform (DrDAR), Bisho South Africa database, decoded, analyzed, and interpreted. The result revealed a significant association between local municipality, season, year, and livestock species. The highest prevalence of disease was found in the Lukhanji (29.4) and Mbhashe (17.5), while bacterial diseases were more prevalent in Nelson Mandela Bay (27.7) and Raymond Mhlaba (34.9) municipalities. More diseases were in autumn (53.8) and spring (58.5). The highest proportions of bacterial and viral diseases were in caprine (97.2) and bovine (41.4). Odds of disease occurrence were the highest in Intsika yethu local municipality (OR = 3.279, 95 CI = 0.043-263.6) in autumn (OR = 2.131, 95 CI = 0.815-5.569), and in bovine (OR = 58.825, 95 CI = 16.283-205.591). The results necessitate veterinary authorities to strengthen preventative program activities to mitigate livestock diseases in study area. © 2022, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
I.F. Jaja
P. Wanga-Ungeviwa
E.O. Njoga
2022-12-03T02:02:28Z
2022-12-03T02:02:28Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/677
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2022-12-03T02:02:28Z
Detection of Molecular Diversity in Novel Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Strains Isolated from Bull Semen Associated with Histopathological Findings
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most common viral pathogens affecting the cattle industry worldwide. The present study aimed to molecularly characterize BVDV isolates that are currently circulating in breeding bulls farmed with cattle suffering from reproductive disorders, and also to assess the consequences of BVDV infection on bulls’ semen quality and conception, and its pathological effects on the structure of testicular tissue and spermatozoa. For this purpose, semen, serum, and testicular samples were collected from four breeding bulls in four private dairy farms in the governorates of Kafr-El Sheik, Beni-Suef, Giza, and Assuit, in Egypt from April 2019 to May 2020. An evaluation of sperm abnormalities was carried out by assessing the integrity of the plasma and acrosomal membranes where severe damage and abnormalities were found. Ultrastructure analysis of the spermatozoa by transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of a swollen plasma membrane with segmented outer acrosomal membrane of spermatozoa and vacuolar degenerated mitochondria. Histopathological examination of testicular and epididymal tissues indicated moderate to severe degenerative effects of virus infection on seminiferous tubules with hypospermatogenesis. By detection of virus antigen in the serum samples using ELISA, bulls were identified as persistently infected with BVDV. Virus isolation revealed four noncytopathic (NCP- BVDV) strains that were confirmed by fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) and amplification of the 5′ untranslated genomic region (5’UTR) and molecularly typed by amplification of the Erns glycoprotein region. Isolates’ Phylogenetic analysis revealed two subgenotypes: BVDV-1b (Genbank accession numbers; LC634512, LC634513, LC634515) and BVDV-1d (LC634516). According to the knowledge of the authors of the present study, the circulation of the BVDV-1d subgenotype is not reported in Egypt. Therefore, it would be of great importance to track circulating strains in specific countries for successful vaccination programs or accurate diagnostic tests, and this necessitates regular updates. © 2022
Y.G.M. Abd El-Hafeiz
R.S. El-Mohamady
T.S. Behour
A.M.S. Azab
M.M.A. Assi
M.R. Badr
R.A. Dohreig
I.M. Gamal
H.M. Hassan
2022-12-03T02:02:04Z
2022-12-03T02:02:04Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/676
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/676
2022-12-03T02:02:04Z
The Impact of Camel Leukocytes Fixation on Cell Count and Monoclonal Antibodies Reactivity in Flow Cytometry
Immunophenotyping of separated leukocytes is a common technique used to evaluate the changes in cellular immunity during clinical studies. For fixed cells or blood specimens infected with hazardous pathogens, cell fixation is performed before immunofluorescence. The impact of camel leukocytes fixation before staining on the reactivity of cell surface markers with monoclonal antibodies has not been investigated so far. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to compare cell staining of fixed and unfixed camel leukocytes with monoclonal antibodies to several cell surface antigens. Leukocytes were separated from camel blood and were fixed with paraformaldehyde (PFA) or left without fixation. Cells were labeled with monoclonal antibodies to several leukocyte antigens and the expression pattern of the antigens was compared between fixed and non-fixed cells using flow cytometry. The mean fluorescence intensity of each cell marker was calculated and compared between fixed and unfixed cells. Leukocyte fixation with PFA changed the binding activity of the monoclonal antibodies to CD163 and WC1 markedly, making it unable to stain any cell population. Although the cell staining efficacy of other molecules (such as CD14, CD172a, MHCII, CD11a, CD18, CD44, and CD45) was reduced, they were still able to define the target cells. The fixation-induced changes in the expression density of the analyzed monocytic markers may, however, lead to the misinterpretation of immunophenotyping studies of fixed monocytes or macrophages. Collectively, the obtained results indicated significant changes in the staining efficacy of monoclonal antibodies against several cell surface antigens of camel leukocytes, which should be considered when PFA-fixed cellular targets on camel leukocytes are to be analyzed. © 2022, World’s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
H. Almohammed
G.A. Alhafiz
F.H. Alghatam
J. Hussen
2022-12-03T02:01:42Z
2022-12-03T02:01:42Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/674
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/674
2022-12-03T02:01:42Z
Using Morphological Traits to Predict Body Weight of Dorper Sheep Lambs
The Dorper sheep are known to be a fast-growing breed with a very good body conformation that produces high-quality carcass. The recent study was conducted to determine the relationship between body weight (BW) and morphological traits, such as heart girth (HG), rump height (RH), body length (BL), withers height (WH), and sternum height (SH). A total of 51 Dorper sheep lambs (29 female and 22 male lambs) were used as experimental animals. The data was collected 24 hours after birth. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and simple regression to attain the objectives. The obtained results indicated that BW had a positively high statistically correlation with HG (r = 0.81), RH (r = 0.766), BL (r = 0.893), WH (r = 0.874), and SH (r = 0.618) in female Dorper sheep lambs. Furthermore, results showed that BW had a positively high statistically significant association with HG (r = 0.886), RH (r = 0.590), BL (r = 0.900), WH (r = 0.613), and SH (r = 0.707) in male Dorper sheep lambs. Simple regression models for morphological traits indicated that BL had the highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.80) and the lowest mean square error (MSE = 2.83) in female Dorper sheep lambs, and also the highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.81) and mean square error (MSE = 1.07) in male Dorper sheep lambs. In conclusion, the findings indicated that improving HG, RH, BL, WH, and SH might result in the enhancement of BW in Dorper sheep lambs. Simple regression results suggested that BL could be selected as a facilitating factor in the breeding programs to improve the BW of Dorper sheep lambs at birth. © 2022, World’s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
L.J. Selala
T.L. Tyasi
2022-12-03T02:01:22Z
2022-12-03T02:01:22Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/673
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2022-12-03T02:01:22Z
Human and Canine Leishmaniasis: Diagnosis and Risk Factors
Leishmaniasis is a zoonosis disease caused by a parasite of the genus Leishmania transmitted by the sandflies. It is ranked among the 20 major neglected tropical diseases. Algeria is classified as one of the most affected countries by cutaneous leishmaniasis worldwide. This study was conducted in the Medea region, north-central Algeria, to investigate human and canine leishmaniasis. Diagnosis of human leishmaniasis was conducted on patients with symptoms suggestive of leishmaniasis. The presence of wet or dry lesions, number, location, duration, and travel history were recorded for each patient. Confirmation of the disease was performed by histopathological test. Canine leishmaniasis was diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination in 175 male Sloughi dogs. Symptoms included skin ulcerations, lymphadenopathy, dermatitis with alopecia, weight loss, and ocular or nasal lesions. A total of 1070 cases of human leishmaniasis were investigated, including 1067 (99.72) cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis and 3 (0.28) cases of visceral leishmaniasis. Of the 1067 human cutaneous leishmaniasis cases, 59.51 and 40.49 were male and female, respectively. For visceral leishmaniasis, all cases were male. Persons aged less than 10 years were more infected than those over 10 years of age. Chahbounia region was found to be the most infected area, compared to other regions. The highest number of human leishmaniasis cases was recorded during November (462 cases). Human cutaneous leishmaniasis was the most frequent (81.38) among the other human pathologies in the study area; followed by pulmonary tuberculosis (14.8). All Sloughi dogs were diagnosed with leishmaniasis of which the most common symptoms included lymph node hypertrophy, emaciation, skin lesions, fever, epistaxis, alopecia, ocular lesions, anemia, onychogryphosis, chemosis, and the less common symptoms are: fever, diarrhea, and splenomegaly. The Psammomys obesus and Meriones shawi were present especially in the periphery of the lands next to the valley of Chahbounia city. Leishmaniasis remains present in the region, constituting a public health menace. The union of veterinary and public services is necessary to eradicate the disease by controlling the vector and the reservoirs of the parasite. © 2022, World’s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
A. Dahmani
N.A. Ouchene-Khelifi
N. Ouchene
2022-12-03T02:00:55Z
2022-12-03T02:00:55Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/672
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/672
2022-12-03T02:00:55Z
Incidence of Clinical Signs in Poisoned Pets of Thailand: A Retrospective Study
Clinical signs appear immediately or gradually in poisoned pets. Poisonous agents in pets, especially dogs and cats, have been reported to include human medications (acetaminophen), pesticides (organophosphate and carbamate), insecticides for veterinary use (ivermectin), and food (methylxanthines). The current study investigated the incidence of poisoning in dogs and cats residing in Rayong and Nakhon Ratchasima provinces as well as Bangkok, Thailand, during 2016-2020. The study found a total of 102 poisoned cases of dog and cat, including 58 dogs (56.86) and 44 cats (43.14). The poisoned dogs included 39 males (67.24) and 19 females (32.26), while poisoned cats consisted of 29 males (65.91) and 15 females (34.09). Poisoning was highly diagnosed in mixed breed dogs and domestic short-haired cats. The average age of poisoned dogs and cats was reported as 3.67 ± 1.92 and 3.02 ± 1.72 years, respectively. The most common poisonous agents found in dogs and cats were organophosphate-carbamate groups and acetaminophen. Tachycardia, hypersalivation, dyspnea, and facial swelling were the most common clinical signs observed in poisoned dogs and cats. © 2022, World’s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
A. Lorsirigool
Y. Sudjaroen
N. Kulnides
2022-12-03T02:00:19Z
2022-12-03T02:00:19Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/671
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/671
2022-12-03T02:00:19Z
The Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Miana Plant Flour (Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br. on Serum Lipid Profile and Organ Weights of Broiler Chickens
Miana plant (Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br. contains active compounds (such as steroids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins) which can have several health benefits, including lowering cholesterol LDL and triglyceride as well as increasing feed consumption, body weight, and carcass weight of broilers. Therefore, the current experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Miana plant flour (Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br. in the diet on blood serum lipid profiles and physiological organs of broilers. The experiment was performed on 100 day-old broiler chickens from strain Arbor Acres CP-707. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized design with five different levels of Miana plant flour (0, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5) in broiler's diets as treatment, and each treatment was repeated four times. The diet was arranged iso-protein (21) and iso-energy (2900 kcal/kg). The serum lipid profile measurement included the analysis of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Physiological organ analysis entailed the percentage of liver weight, pancreas weight, gizzard weight, small intestine weight, and length of parts of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) of broilers. The results showed that the inclusion of Miana plant flour in the broiler's diet could significantly affect total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL in the serum of broiler chickens, and it affected duodenum length significantly. Furthermore, the inclusion of Miana plant flour in the broiler's diet had an insignificant effect on the percentage of liver weight, pancreas weight, gizzard weight, small intestine weight, and length of each part of the small intestine (jejunum and ileum) on broilers. In conclusion, the inclusion of Miana plant flour as much as 12.5 in broiler's diets reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL, and increased the HDL and duodenum length without adverse effects on the other physiological organs of broiler chickens. © 2022, World’s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
M.E. Mahata
M. Weni
Y. Gusnanda
T. Ohnuma
Y. Rizal
2022-12-03T01:59:57Z
2022-12-03T01:59:57Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/670
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/670
2022-12-03T01:59:57Z
Prediction of Postpartum Vaginal Discharge Duration in Sows
Prolonged farrowing duration increases stillbirth in piglets and affects maternal health leading to a decrease in the reproductive performance of the sow. The present study aimed to predict the duration of postpartum vaginal discharge (PVD, day) in sows. Data were collected from 204 mixed parity Landrace X Yorkshire sows in a swine farm in Bacninh province, Vietnam. Parity, gestation length, litter size, number of dead-born piglets (NDB), farrowing duration (FD, h), and manual extraction (ME) were recorded. Postpartum vaginal discharge was monitored twice a day until no discharge was detected in two successive observations. Linear regression analysis was used to build the model that best predicted the duration of postpartum vaginal discharge. Results showed that the average duration of postpartum vaginal discharge was 3.3 ± 1.6 days. The final multiple linear regression selected manual extraction, farrowing duration, and the number of dead-born piglets as the most significant factors for the prediction of postpartum vaginal discharge duration. All of these three factors were positively associated with PVD. This study indicated that the duration of postpartum vaginal discharge can be predicted. Shortening the farrowing duration, which may reduce the NBD, lowering the rate of manual extraction can be some of the approaches to decrease the duration of postpartum vaginal discharge. Moreover, the results of this study suggested that suitable postpartum treatments such as antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, and care should be provided to the sows with a high risk of prolonged postpartum vaginal discharge to shorten this period. © 2022, World’s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
N.H. Nam
B.T.A. Dao
P. Sukon
2022-12-03T01:59:23Z
2022-12-03T01:59:23Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/669
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/669
2022-12-03T01:59:23Z
Relationship between Plastron Color and Nutrition in Pseudemys nelsoni Carr, 1938
Body coloration of emydids can be triggered by different types of factors. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the changes in plastron color of Florida Red-bellied Turtle Pseudemys nelsoni (P. nelsoni Carr, 1938), an emydid of North America. In the current study, 15 (3 males and 12 females) fresh corpses of captive-reared adult specimens of P. nelsoni were analyzed using digital images as well as applying geometric morphometrics and color photo processing techniques. Plastron color had no relationship with size nor fluctuating asymmetry, which could be considered as a negative proxy for stress. Moreover, there were no significant differences between males and females in this regard. It can be suggested that reddish on plastron for P. nelsoni was highly related to feeding, compared to other external factors, such as age, size, or stress. In wild P. nelsoni populations, reddish plastral coloration was related to body size probably due to ontogenetic differences in the diet, as juveniles are omnivorous. Since adults are herbivores, reddish fading observed in the samples of the current study would be a mere expression of unnatural colors, which can probably be linked to unbalanced feeding. The results of the current research could contribute to the understanding of the ways color changes appear in captive turtles in response to differences in dietary access to carotenoids. © 2022, World’s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
P.M. Parés-Casanova
A. Martínez-Silvestre
2022-12-03T01:58:53Z
2022-12-03T01:58:53Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/668
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/668
2022-12-03T01:58:53Z
Diagnosis and Control of Peste des Petits Ruminants Disease in Small Ruminants: A Review
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is an acute highly contagious febrile disease of sheep and goats characterized by erosive and necrotizing stomatitis and associated with severe pneumo-enteritis and bronchopneumonia ended by recovery or death. The aim of the present study was to throw light on the diagnosis and control of PPR. Diagnosis of PPR depends on clinical signs, pathological lesions, and specific detection of the viral antigen, viral genome, or specific antibodies by serological tests and nucleic acid-based assays. The most commonly used diagnostic techniques are cell culture isolation, agar gel immunodiffusion, hemagglutination tests, immunocapture ELISA, and competitive ELISA. In addition to the abovementioned techniques, virus neutralization tests and reverse transcriptase PCR are used. Peste des Petits Ruminants is characterized by high fever associated with watery nasal and ocular discharges, mucopurulent stomatitis, and broncho-pneumonia. Moreover, severe bloody diarrhea and the disease associated with high levels of mortality reached up to 90. The diagnosis of viral diseases is important in determining the control strategies. Therefore, it can be concluded that recent diagnostic tools are urgently needed not only for the diagnosis but also for following-up combating programs and control of viral diseases. Early and rapid complete identification of infectious viral agents in small ruminants as well as in the surrounding environment is recommended for effective control of PPR. The control program depends mainly on vaccination, hygiene and sanitation measures, and effective quarantine measures. © 2022. World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
M.A. Mahmoud
A.A. Ghazy
R.M. Shaapan
2022-12-03T01:20:41Z
2022-12-03T01:20:41Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/667
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/667
2022-12-03T01:20:41Z
Forage for Pre-weaning Calves: An Update
Forage nutrition for pre-weaning calves hosts numerous practical questions and on-farm challenges. The present review article aimed to update and address the biological consequences of forage provision to pre-weaned dairy calves. Health, nutrient intake (milk plus solid feed), and rumen development are the most important factors related to calf growth in pre and post-weaning periods. A growing body of evidence suggests that the health and growth performance of dairy calves in the pre-weaning period are associated with their later performance as dairy cows. It seems that starter feeding strategies, including grain type, processing method, feed texture, and forage inclusion during the critical pre-weaning period may have profound effects on rumen function and calf performance. It is well understood that grain fermentation by-products are essential for increased growth and absorptive capacity of the rumen papillae. Forage provision as a part of a starter diet has been a topic of recent research. The rumen pH is the main factor altering the fate of fermentation and eventually animal health. In the pre-weaned calf, two major hypotheses exist regarding forage feeding. The first hypothesis describes that the rumen is not completely developed in pre-weaned calves and forage provision during this period might increase gut fill, and hence, decrease starter intake. It is believed that depressed starter intake may limit energy intake and finally suppress calf growth rate. The second hypothesis indicates that the rumen pH may decline as calves age and starter intake increases. Accordingly, forage inclusion in calf starter diets could prevent further rumen pH decline and subsequent negative consequences while improving starter intake and calf growth. Research data regarding these hypotheses are controversial. Many factors, such as milk feeding method, grain, forage type, and experimental conditions could affect calf responses to dietary forage. The current review focused on the biological consequence of forage provision to young calves to provide a practical framework for better use of forages in pre-weaned calves feeding programs © 2022. World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
A. Nikkhah
M. Alimirzaei
2022-12-03T01:19:53Z
2022-12-03T01:19:53Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/666
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/666
2022-12-03T01:19:53Z
The Impact of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as Feed Supplementation on Productive and Physiological Performance of Broiler Chickens
A total of 450 broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used to evaluate the effect of different inclusion levels of a partially black soldier fly (BSF), BSF Powder (BSFP), BSF Puré (BSFPr), and BSF frozen whole larvae (BSFL) on the growth performance, blood parameters, humoral immune response, and intestinal bacterial count of broiler chickens. The chickens were reared from day 1 to 35 and assigned to the control and 9 dietary groups with different forms of BSF (3 replicates per group with 15 chicks). Black soldier fly was included at levels of 2, 4, and 6 for BSFP, BSFPr, and BSFL, respectively, in the starter and growing diets. The results indicated similar body weight, weight gain, and the growth rate in chickens fed 4 BSFP, and 2 BSFPr during the experiment. There was a marked difference in blood parameters due to the different BSF forms and included percentages. The humoral immunity antibody titers against the Newcastle disease virus fluctuated among the experimental groups of different ages. Finally, it could be concluded that the BSF can be incorporated at a level of 4 in the form of powder and Puré in a broiler diet which seemed to be adequate to achieve the favorable results in growth performance, blood parameters, immunity, and bacteriological examination. © 2022. World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
A.M. El-Kaiaty
A.-E.-R.M. Atta
D.T. Dawa
T.R. El-sayed
2022-12-03T01:19:18Z
2022-12-03T01:19:18Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/665
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/665
2022-12-03T01:19:18Z
Bats and Antibiotic Resistance: A Culprit or a Victim?
In the last decades, the increase of antimicrobial resistance bacteria has become a concern for public health. Bats’ ability to fly, form colonies for a long lifespan, and inhabit a variety of diverse ecological niches make them successful species in terms of adaptation and distribution on earth. Moreover, these characteristics let them act as the potential natural reservoir of numerous zoonotic pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi). Bat bacteriome knowledge is still very scarce, but a few studies have indicated that bats are hosts of antimicrobial resistance and play an important role in the dispersion of resistance in the environment. Moreover, bats are vulnerable to acquiring these pathogens since they sometimes live in close contact with humans and domestic animals. Therefore, the present study aimed to compile the latest studies that describe the presence of antibiotic-resistant in bats. Based on the papers analyzed for this review, it is possible to conclude that bats are hosts of pathogenic bacteria that carry numerous antibiotic resistance. Extended-spectrum b-lactamases (ESBLs) or Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus which nowadays days are a great public health concern, have already been reported in these animals, with some isolated strains being of Human origin. Although not completely understood regarding the dynamics and transmission routes, bats seem to have an important role in the dissemination and acquisition of antibiotic resistance in the environment. They can be contaminated by bacteria with antibiotic resistance and disperse through the environment. However, they also can be the host of bacteria that carry antibiotic resistance. © 2022. World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved.
A. Garces
2022-12-03T01:18:52Z
2022-12-03T01:18:52Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/664
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/664
2022-12-03T01:18:52Z
The Transmission Pattern of Amoebiasis in Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia
Amoebiasis is a primarily zoonotic disease, mainly transferred through the fecal-oral route and waterborne. Amoebiasis is still a big challenge for human and animal health and is a major cause of diarrhea in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Therefore, the study was conducted to assess the epidemiology of the disease in humans, dogs, and the occurrence of the parasite in water bodies. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in selected districts of the Bale zone in southeastern Ethiopia. Pet owners were selected randomly. Socio-demographic data were collected using a questionnaire and fecal samples were used to perform microscopic examination. A total of 383 fecal samples of humans, 383 fecal samples of dogs, and 58 water samples were studied from December 2019 to July 2020. Of 383 humans, 179 were males and 186 were females, while 94 individuals were grouped as children younger than 8 years, 164 were grouped as youth within the age range of 8-18 years, and 125 were grouped as adults who were older than 18 years. Of 383 local breeds, dogs were grouped as 87 puppies younger than one year, 192 young dogs with the age range of 1-2 years, and 104 adult dogs who were older than 2 years. Fecal samples were taken from 173 male and 210 female dogs. The water samples were taken randomly from the water sources (river, lake, pond, or water tank) at different sites where dogs and humans can easily contact water to use for different purposes. Of the total samples, 70 humans (18.3), 63 dogs (16.5), and 16 water samples (27.6) were contaminated with the parasite. The major risk factors for the transmissions of parasites were contaminated drinking water, large family size, open-air defecation, and improper handwashing. The present study revealed that the human reservoir was a major risk factor for the spread and transmission of amoebiasis in dogs. The high prevalence of the disease might be due to open-air defecation, unhygienic health practices, domestic animals inside the houses, and using local water bodies as a drinking sourc © 2022. World''s Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved
S.A. Jilo
M.A. Kadir
J.A. Hussein
S.P. Nair
2022-12-03T01:18:32Z
2022-12-03T01:18:32Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/663
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/663
2022-12-03T01:18:32Z
Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Bivalent Inactivated Vaccine against Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease is a fatal threat to rabbits that causes sustainability problems and substantial economic losses. The aim of the current study was to compare the immuno-enhancing effects of a bivalent inactivated rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) vaccine adjuvanted with Montanide with an inactivated RHDV vaccine with an aluminum hydroxide gel. Montanide incomplete seppic adjuvant 71 VG was prepared as an oil emulsion, and several batches adjuvanted with an aluminum hydroxide gel were prepared. Then, 250 New Zealand rabbits aged 6 weeks were randomly allocated to three groups. Group 1 was subjected to the bivalent inactivated RHDV adjuvanted with an aluminum hydroxide gel, Group 2 received the oil-emulsion vaccine adjuvanted with Montanide, and Group 3 was left unvaccinated as a negative control group. Efficacy was determined using a hemagglutination inhibition test, and resistance was determined using virulent RHDVa and RHDV2. The clinical signs included sudden death, nervous manifestations, aimless running, lateral recumbence, and crying before death. The mortality rates were recorded at 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after vaccination. In addition, blood samples were collected on the first day as well as 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 weeks post-vaccination (WPV), and 2, 3, 4 month post-vaccination (MPV) until 12 MPV. Serological analysis indicated that the bivalent inactivated RHDV oil-emulsion vaccine was more effective than the bivalent inactivated RHDV aluminum hydroxide gel vaccine, resulting in improved immune responses and longer-lasting protective immunological responses in vaccinated rabbits. The bivalent inactivated RHDV oil-emulsion vaccine was also sterile and safe and helped the protection of the rabbits against RHDVa and RHDV2, hence reducing the time and effort required during the vaccination process and reducing the levels of discomfort for the rabbits. © Nikkhah A and Alimirzaei M (2022). Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention. World Vet. J., 12 (3): 230-236. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj29
S. El Sayed Ali Abodalal
M.A. Abdrabo
L.M. Omar
2022-12-03T01:17:42Z
2022-12-03T01:17:42Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/662
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/662
2022-12-03T01:17:42Z
Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention
Diarrhea is the most perturbing disease in dairy and beef industries worldwide, leading to significant rates of morbidity and mortality as well as economic losses. The objective of this review article was to delineate the pathophysiology and practical biology of colisepticemia in neonatal calves. Preventive and therapeutic protocols were also presented and discussed from a new integrative perspective. Notably, the situation can be the most deleterious in case diarrhea turns into septicemia. Under such circumstances, the mortality rate may be remarkably high and hard to control. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an invasive and opportunistic bacteria causing severe diarrhea (colibacillosis) and colisepticemia in newborn calves. Colisepticemia is commonly prevalent in 2-5 days old calves, and colostral immunity is considered the first defensive line against E. coli infection. In addition to colostrum feeding quality and management, other management factors, such as dry cow nutrition and welfare, newborn calf welfare and nutrition, housing system, sanitation protocols, as well as early identification and treatment of sick calves, are important in preventing colisepticemia. In conclusion, understanding the mechanism of action and transmission routes of pathogenic E. coli will provide scientific and practical insight to plan preventive and therapeutic protocols decisively and successfully. © Nikkhah A and Alimirzaei M (2022). Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention. World Vet. J., 12 (3): 230-236. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj29
A. Nikkhah
M. Alimirzaei
2022-12-03T01:17:02Z
2022-12-03T01:17:02Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/661
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/661
2022-12-03T01:17:02Z
Improving Bacterial, Oxidative, and Sensory Quality of Meat Steaks Using Cumin, Garlic, and Thyme Essential Oils
The meat industry increasingly considers meat shelf life as a critical problem. Some essential oils contain antibacterial and antioxidant characteristics that help to keep meat safe. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the preservation benefits, including antibacterial and antioxidant properties, of cumin, garlic, and thyme essential oils at 1 on chilled beef meat steaks, as well as their effects on pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and related sensory aspects (color, odor, appearance, consistency, and overall acceptability). The results of the current study showed that pretreating beef meat steaks with EOs of cumin, garlic, and thyme at a concentration of 1 effectively reduced levels of APC, coliform count, staph aureus count, TVBN, and TBA while extending shelf life to 12, 15, and 18 days when stored at 4°C. In terms of antibacterial and antioxidant properties, shelf life, and sensory quality on beef meat steaks, the thyme essential oil group outperformed cumin and garlic essential oils. The current study introduced an effective natural preservative alternative that could replace undesirable synthetic substances in the future while also lowering antibiotic resistance © Nikkhah A and Alimirzaei M (2022). Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention. World Vet. J., 12 (3): 230-236. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj29
T.S. Atia
E.A. Moustafa
S.I. Ibrahim
2022-12-03T01:16:30Z
2022-12-03T01:16:30Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/660
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/660
2022-12-03T01:16:30Z
Impact of Colchicine on Histology of Testis in Rats
Colchicine is a drug widely used for the management of many disorders, such as acute gout and Behçet’s disease. It is also prescribed for the treatment of pericarditis, atrial fibrillation coronary artery diseases, and secondary amyloidosis. In case this drug is used at the early stages of coronavirus infection, its anti-inflammatory properties may reduce the severe inflammatory reactions related to a cytokine storm by affecting the inflammasome. The purpose of the present study was to determine the toxicity of Colchicine on testis in rats from different age groups for 10 days. A total of 27 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. The rats in group I (control group) were administered distilled water by oral gavage. Group II consisted of young rats (5-6 months old) who orally received Colchicine 3 mg/kg body weight. Group III entailed rats of 14-16 months who were orally administered colchicine 3 mg/kg body weight. The testis of the treated groups was dissected and examined for histological changes and morphometrical analysis. The obtained results indicated that high doses of Colchicine (3 mg/kg body weight) could induce tissue damage to the testis, including degeneration and necrosis of both Sertoli and Leydig cells with irregular divisions of germinal epithelium, even when it was used for short periods (10 days). In the elderly treated rats, there were severe tissue damages, including degeneration and necrosis of germinal epithelium with irregular divisions of germ cells, necrosis of Sertoli and Leydig cells with sloughing of germinal epithelium toward the lumen of the tubule. Therefore, there is a need to conduct more studies to investigate the side effect of Colchicine as it is excessively used in the management of coronavirus. © Nikkhah A and Alimirzaei M (2022). Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention. World Vet. J., 12 (3): 230-236. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj29
R.A. Abdullah
H.K. Ismail
A.-H.A. Ghanim
2022-12-03T01:14:43Z
2022-12-03T01:14:43Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/659
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/659
2022-12-03T01:14:43Z
Canine Dystocia: The Risk Factors and Treatment Methods in Dogs of Hanoi, Vietnam
Dystocia is a common disorder that can cause harmful health risks to bitch and puppies. The aim of the current study was to evaluate some risk factors related to canine dystocia and the application of treatment methods to 612 diagnosed cases in Gaia Pets Clinic and Resort, Hanoi, Vietnam, from December 2013 to May 2020. The investigated factors comprised age, parity and breed size, and litter size, as well as fetal sex in relation to the proportion of dystocia in female canines. Dystocia was frequently observed in female dogs aged 1-3 years, with rates of 76.1. The highest proportion of dystocia was found in the first litter group (80.21). The incidence of dystocia increased as the weight of the dog decreased, and it was prevalent in the small breed (61.93). Dystocia risk decreased as the litter size increased. The interventions used in this study were medical treatment with the hormone oxytocin (1.8), surgical management with cesarean section (86.11), and a combination of oxytocin and cesarean section (12.09), with the success rates of each treatment method as 100, 98.86, and 100, respectively. Some risk factors, such as age, parity, breed size, and litter size identified in the present research, could be used as prognostic indicators in the veterinary practice to optimize the survival rate of female dogs and puppies. © Nikkhah A and Alimirzaei M (2022). Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention. World Vet. J., 12 (3): 230-236. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj29
S.T. Long
N.T.T. Hien
P.T. Hang
N.T. Hoai
P.X. Bach
2022-12-03T01:14:23Z
2022-12-03T01:14:23Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/658
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/658
2022-12-03T01:14:23Z
Improved Dot-ELISA Assay Using Purified Sheep Coenurus cerebralis Antigenic Fractions for the Diagnosis of Zoonotic Coenurosis
Clinicians face significant problems in the diagnosis of zoonotic coenurosis. The current study aimed to develop an improved dot-Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) for the diagnosis of zoonotic coenurosis using sheep Coenurus cerebralis scolices purified antigen (CcS-Ag) and to compare the obtained results with those of indirect ELISA and Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot technique (EITB). Sera were collected from humans and sheep infected or suspected of infection with Coenurus cerebralis, control cases, and cases infected with other parasites. The CcS-Ag was proved to be the most specific antigen. This antigen was fractionated, and its specific polypeptides against anti-C. cerebralis antibodies (ACc-Ab) were identified using EITB. Fractions at the molecular weight (MW) of 48 and 58 kDa were proved as the only specific ones, eluted from the gel and concentrated, then dotted on the NC sheet as pooled antigen before its evaluation in the diagnosis of infection using dot-ELISA. Dot-ELISA demonstrated absolute 100 sensitivity and 100 specificity as recorded by EITB, compared to both fractions on a nitrocellulose (NC) sheet using surgically proved infected human or sheep sera as a gold standard. Diagnosis by ELISA using crude CcS-Ag revealed similar sensitivity but lower specificity (75). The diagnostic accuracy of dot-ELISA was proved by comparing its results with postmortem data obtained post slaughtering of 20 suspected sheep and patients investigated by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In conclusion, the selection of specific fractions after EITB to be used in dot-ELISA improved the diagnostic value of the test as a diagnostic tool gathering the benefits of ELISA and EITB. © Nikkhah A and Alimirzaei M (2022). Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention. World Vet. J., 12 (3): 230-236. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj29
D.M.H. El Akkad
R.M. Ramadan
H.M. Auda
Y.N.A. El-Hafez
M.M. El-Bahy
S. Abdel-Radi
2022-12-03T01:12:49Z
2022-12-03T01:12:49Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/657
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/657
2022-12-03T01:12:49Z
Comparative Analysis of One-step and Two-step Dilution on Quality of Frozen Semen in Kintamani Dogs
Preservation of sperm by freezing allows breeding dogs that are separated over long distances. To increase the fertility of frozen and then thawed spermatozoa, they must be able to survive the process. The current study aimed to evaluate the sperm motility and DNA integrity of Kintamani dogs extended in extenders with one-step and two-step dilution techniques. Ejaculates collected from four dogs were used in the current study. The semen was divided into two equal parts and diluted with extenders using two different dilution techniques, namely One-step dilution in Tris egg yolk containing 7 glycerol, and a two-step dilution technique diluted in an initial 2:1 with an extender, containing 20 egg yolk without glycerol. The same volume of the second extender was added, including 14 glycerol. The sample was loaded into 0.25 ml straws, cooled to 4°C for 4 hours, equilibrated, and then plunged into the liquid nitrogen. The sperm motility was evaluated using Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA), and DNA integrity was assessed using Acridine Orange (AO) stained. Results showed that the sperm motility of Kintamani dogs in extenders using two-step dilution was significantly higher compared to the one-step dilution technique. In addition, the obtained results indicated that two types of dilution steps in Kintamani dog semen were not detrimental to the sperm DNA integrity during the freezing process. In conclusion, extenders with two types of dilution techniques could maintain sperm motility above 30, and no difference between one and two steps dilution was detected © Nikkhah A and Alimirzaei M (2022). Colibacillosis and Colisepeticemia in Newborn Calves: Towards Pragmatic Treatment and Prevention. World Vet. J., 12 (3): 230-236. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2022.wvj29
I.N. Sulabda
A.A.G.O. Dharmayudha
I.K. Puja
2022-11-21T19:26:51Z
2022-11-21T19:26:51Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/721
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/721
2022-11-21T19:26:51Z
CURRENT ATTITUDES AND SELF-RATED ABILITIES TOWARD PAIN ASSESSMENT OF HORSE OWNERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Over the past decades, recognised importance of prompt and valid pain recognition and quantification in veterinary medicine significantly increased interest in investigating attitudes and self-rated abilities of veterinarians towards pain assessment. However, giving that the owners are the ones who decide when to call the veterinarian, it is also essential to investigate their attitudes and knowledge regarding pain recognition and management. This is the first research investigating horse owners� attitudes and self-rated abilities towards pain assessment and management in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The participants were invited via email or social media with attached link to online questionnaire created using the Google Forms platform. Surveyed population included adult sport or pleasure horse owners, and horse caretakers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Study response rate was 33.33 (40 respondents). The questionnaire consisted of sections asking about respondents� demographic data, general pain assessment and management, and attitudes towards pain assessment done by veterinarians compared with theirs. Study respondents considered their abilities for pain recognition and quantification as sufficient and sufficient/moderate, even though most of them were unfamiliar with pain scales, and only negligible number use them. This study indicates the need and importance of owners' education concerning pain recognition and quantification in horses, and their more effective communication with veterinarians. © 2022,Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
N. Spahija
I. Lutvikadi�
A. �oso
S. Filipovi�
A. Maksimovi�
2022-11-21T19:23:28Z
2022-11-21T19:23:28Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/720
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/720
2022-11-21T19:23:28Z
VALUE-ADDED ANALYSIS OF THE MEAT AGROINDUSTRY IN INDONESIA
This study analyzes the added value of processing fresh beef into beef jerky, shredded beef, and se'i (smoked beef) products in Kefamenanu. The research was conducted in February and March 2021. The research method used was the survey method. Data was collected from cattle slaughterers (butchers) in abattoirs (n = 7), meat retailers (n = 13), and MSMEs in the meat processing industry (n = 15) and consumers (n = 90). The sample was selected through a purposive sampling method, with the criteria for selecting a sample of MSMEs in the processing industry as follows: 1) entrepreneurs have beef jerky, shredded beef, and se'i (smoked beef); 2) entrepreneurs who have sold their products in the past year and their three products are circulating in the market; 3) entrepreneurs produce these three products sustainably. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the added values of beef jerky, shredded, and se'i (smoked beef) products were calculated using the Hayami method. The results showed that each processing of one kilogram of fresh beef could produce 0.70 kg (shredded), 0.73 kg (jerky), and 0.68 kg (se'i). The added value obtained is USD 3,56 for shredded products, USD 4,03 for jerky products, and USD 2,91 for se'i products. The profit from shredded beef is USD 3,34, with beef jerky of USD 3,80 and se'i (smoked beef) of USD 2,64. © 2022,Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
H.Y. Sikone
B. Hartono
. Suyadi
H.D. Utami
B.A. Nugroho
2022-11-21T19:18:57Z
2022-11-21T19:18:57Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/719
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/719
2022-11-21T19:18:57Z
PROFITABILITY OF DIETS, NUTRITIVE VALUE, PERFORMANCE AND CECAL ACTIVITY OF GROWING RABBITS FED BEAN VEIN HAY
A feeding trail was conducted to study effect of bean viens hay (BVH) on the growing rabbit�s performance, nutritive value and cecum activity and economic return of experimental diets that. Seventy two New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits (6 week of age) were divided into 6 groups and were fed 6 experimental diets inclusion BVH and Galzym® enzyme contains cellulase, xylanase, lipase, amylase, protease, pectinase, arabinase, phytase, α-galactosidase, and β-glucosidase additives. Group 1 fed negative control (basal diet without both BVH and Galzym®) and group 2 fed positive control diets (basal diet without BVH and with Galzym®). The 3rd and 4th groups fed 25 BVH substitution of clover hay without Galzym® (T3) and with Galzym® (T4). The 5th and 6th group�s rabbits fed 50 BVH substitution of clover hay without Galzym® (T5) and with Galzym® (T6). The crude fiber, NDF, ADF, ADL and cellulose were higher in BVH than those in clover hay while, CP and digestible energy (Kcal/kg) were lower in BVH than those in clover hay. Results of interaction between BVH and Galzym® additives (treatment effect) had significant (P<0.05) effect on rabbits productive performance, all nutrients digestibility except EE and DCP, blood biochemical (TP, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, cholesterol, ALT, and urea), and cecum activity (TVFA�s and NH3). Moreover, main effect of BVH was significantly (P<0.05) improved of rabbits productive performance, nutrients digestibility (DM, OM, CP, CF, and NFE), blood constituents (TP, albumin, globulin, and ALT), and TVFA�s in cecum. Enzyme main effect decreased (P<0.05) FI and formation of NH3 in rabbit�s cecum. In conclusion, the dietary BVH improved the productive performance of growing rabbits without negative effect on health status. Enzyme addition increases the BVH utilization and diets profitability © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research.All Rights Reserved.
M.A.E. Suliman
D.M. Saber
M.A. El-Manylawi
M.R. Ibrahim
2022-11-21T19:16:36Z
2022-11-21T19:16:36Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/718
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/718
2022-11-21T19:16:36Z
TRENDS ESTIMATION IN ANNUAL NUMBERS OF MERINO SHEEP AND WOOL PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AFRICA, FROM 1980 TO 2017
The economic important value of wool in South Africa is influenced by many characteristics that meet processor capacities and consumers� preference. The study was conducted to characterize the trends of annual Merino sheep numbers, wool sales and wool auction price in South Africa, from 1980 to 2017. The data from year 1980 to 2017 was retrieved from the abstract of agricultural statistics which was published by the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (DLRRD) in 2020 was used. Trends were analysed using the differences and percentage change between numbers of years in each independent variable (annual number of Merino sheep, wool sales and wool auction price). The findings indicated that there was a trend in annual number of Merino sheep, wool sales and wool auction prices. In annual numbers of Merino sheep, the highest decrease was observed from 1992 to 1993 (-1878) by 11.2 percent () while the huge increase was observed from 1999 to 2000 (+1177) by 10.6. In wool sales, the findings showed that there was an increase (+5.4) from 1980 to 1982 with 7.7 while there was a decrease (-4.7) from 1982 to 1983 by 6.2. In wool auction price, the highest increase was observed from 1986 to 1987 (+250903) by 77.2. Regression findings indicated that all the predicted regression models were statistically significant at P < 0.01. However, the results suggest that quadratic (R2 = 90) was the best fit model to predict the relationship between number of years and annual Merino sheep numbers. This study suggests that there was a trend in annual numbers of Merino sheep, wool sales and wool auction prices in South Africa from 1980 and 2017. Moreover, this study might help Merino sheep farmers to recognise the trends that might be helpful in planning for annual wool productions © 2022,Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. All Rights Reserved.
L. Bila
T.L. Tyasi
Z.P. Khetsha
2022-11-21T19:13:38Z
2022-11-21T19:13:38Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/717
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/717
2022-11-21T19:13:38Z
ADOPTING BIOSECURITY MEASURES IN CATTLE BREEDING SYSTEMS IN INDONESIA
The study aimed to analyze the barriers to implementing biosecurity measures. Biosecurity refers to a collection of procedures designed to keep disease from spreading beyond the farm. Isolation, sanitation, and cage traffic control are all biosecurity strategies. At 2021, this study was carried out in Selli village, Bengo subdistrict, Bone regency, South Sulawesi province. Bone Regency is noted for being the largest livestock supplier in the province of South Sulawesi. A total of 35 people were chosen to be observed and questioned with the help of a questionnaire. The information gathered was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed that only 2.86 percent and 28.57 percent of respondents used quarantine or provided fences or barriers as isolation or segregation methods. Farm visitors were not provided with sanitary facilities. Everyone entering or exiting the cage was not subject to traffic control. The absence of information was the first roadblock to biosecurity adoption (65.71 percent). Then came a lack of time (31.43 percent) and a hefty price (2.86 percent). Therefore, training and extension should be provided by the Animal Hsubandary Services and Private Sectors © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research.All Rights Reserved.
V.S. Lestari
D.P. Rahardja
S.N. Sirajuddin
A.R. Altawaha
2022-11-21T19:11:05Z
2022-11-21T19:11:05Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/716
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/716
2022-11-21T19:11:05Z
EFFECT OF STRAIN AND AGE OF LAYER CHICKENS ON PROXIMATE CONTENTS OF EGG YOLK AND ALBUMEN
This research assessed the effects of strain and age on the proximate compositions of egg yolk and albumen of the domestic chicken. A total of 504 eggs were used in a 3 X 3 factorial experiment involving the Lohmann white, Lohmann brown and White Leghorn which were 31, 40 and 53 weeks old using a completely randomised design (CRD). Data obtained were subjected to the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the general linear model (GLM) procedure. Differences in means were separated using the Tukey pairwise comparisons method at 5 level of significance. The results show that, eggs from the Lohmann layers have significantly more protein but lower fat content in the yolk than the White leghorn; while albumen protein was slightly higher in the White leghorn with lower albumen fat in the white strains than the Lohmann brown. Protein content of egg yolk significantly increased as the birds advanced in age but albumen protein was not affected largely by layers� age. Yolk fat significantly decreased as the birds grew but albumen fat was not substantially affected by age of the hens. There was significant effect of strain by age interaction on yolk and albumen protein contents but not on their fat content across the chicken groups. There are variations in the proximate contents of egg yolk and albumen of layer chickens by virtue of their genetic constitution and ages; so, eggs must be produced from the best strains at the appropriate hen-ages to make their nutrient contents meet the needs of specific consumers and products © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research.All Rights Reserved.
F. Kruenti
J.K. Hagan
S.A. Ofori
V.K. Lamptey
S. Adu
2022-11-21T18:10:38Z
2022-11-21T18:10:38Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/715
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/715
2022-11-21T18:10:38Z
CONNECTION BETWEEN GENE MARKERS WITH MILK PRODUCTION TRAITS OF UKRAINIAN DAIRY COWS
The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the genotyping of cows of Ukrainian dairy breeds for the presented loci capa-casein gene (CSN3), thyroglobulin (TG-5) gene, leptin (LEP), pituitary-specific transcription factor (Pit-1), and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and to test their association with milk production. The influence of the genotype on milk yield, fat and protein content in the milk of cows of Ukrainian selection has been established. The highest levels of milk productivity traits were expected from animals with the CT genotype for the LEP gene, AA for the CSN3 gene, CC for the TG5 gene, and AA and BB for the Pit-1 gene. But at the same time, milk obtained from cows with CSN3 BB genotype were characterized by the best cheese suitability. The effect of the homo or heterozygous state of BLG on the signs of milk production was less noticeable, and the homozygous TT genotype for the TG5 gene was not found in any of the studied breeds. The results obtained can be used in the practical work of breeding farms along with traditional methods of selection, control and preservation of the genetic diversity of specific herds at an optimal level © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research.All Rights Reserved.
Y. Gritsienko
M. Gill
O. Karatieievа
2022-11-21T18:08:34Z
2022-11-21T18:08:34Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/714
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/714
2022-11-21T18:08:34Z
BULL SPERM AND SEMINAL PLASMA PROTEINS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH FERTILITY: A REVIEW
The efficiency of artificial insemination (AI) is greatly influenced by the quality of semen. Spermatozoa and seminal plasma are found in semen, which play a role in the reproductive process and its ability to fertilize an egg and maintain the development of an embryo. Various factors will determine the fertility capacity of a sperm, both from the intrinsic factors of the sperm and the plasma component of the semen. Seminal plasma proteins are crucial for maintaining the stability of the membrane, viability, motility of spermatozoa, acrosome reactions, maintaining osmotic pressure and helping the fertilization process. Good quality semen will support the fertilization process. The purpose of this scoping review is to increase our understanding of protein from sperm and seminal plasma of bulls and their relationship with fertility. The sperm proteins that were significantly correlated with fertility were Outer Dense Fiber protein 2 (ODF2), Protamine (PRM), Testis specific histine 2B (TH2B), Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein (PEBP4), and Ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex core protein 2 (UQCRSC2). Meanwhile, the seminal plasma proteins positively correlated with fertility were Osteopontin (OPN), Phospholipasea 2 (PLA2), P25b, Acidic seminal fluid proteins (aSFP), Alpha-L-fucosidase (a-L-fucosidase), and Binder of sperm (BSPs) © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research.All Rights Reserved.
H. Iskandar
H. Sonjaya
R.I. Arifiantini
H. Hasbi
2022-11-21T17:54:56Z
2022-11-21T17:54:56Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/713
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2022-11-21T17:54:56Z
EFFECT OF FEEDING SAGE MEAL TO WEANED AWASSI MALE LAMBS ON BODY PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY
An experiment was conducted for 8 weeks on 15 Awassi lambs using sage dry meal. Animals were randomly allocated into 3 groups: control group meal (CGM: 0 sage; Salvia officinalis), experimental group meal 1 (EGM1: 1 sage) and experimental group meal 3 (EGM3: 3 sage) by 5 heads. Feed intake at the 8th week increased proportionally with live body weight (LBW). Cumulative live body weight gain increased slightly more in EGM3 after the 5th week to attain 10.7 Kg at 8th week. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was most effective and attained 3.83 ± 0.97 in EGM3 vs 4.14 ± 0.53 and 4.15 ± 0.64 in CGM and EGM1, respectively. After cooling, luminance ranged between 45.41 ± 2.97 in CGM and 47.28 ± 5.63 in EGM1 whereas in EGM3 it was 47.28 ± 5.63. Redness, a*, after cooling was lowest in EGM3 (20.15 ± 3.29) followed by CGM (22.61 ± 3.41) and EGM1 (24.97 ± 1.24). Yellowness b* after 1 month of freezing is positively correlated with the achieved results after 24 h of cooling. The least losses in water after cooling was in EGM3 attaining 11.39 ± 2.39. Meat of CGM loses more water after cooking (30.30 ± 6.52) than other groups. Furthermore, after 24 hours of cooling, the most tender meat was in EGM1 (4.87 ± 0.44mm) in comparison to CGM (3.3 ± 0.64mm), whereas EGM3 occupied the 1st place in cooked meat tenderness after 1 month of freezing (5.4 ± 0.8mm). It is concluded and recommended to use rations containing sage meal in the daily feeding of Awassi sheep © 2022, Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research.All Rights Reserved.
G. Al Hanna
2022-10-20T23:12:38Z
2022-10-20T23:12:38Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/711
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/711
2022-10-20T23:12:38Z
Nutritive Value of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as Economical and Alternative Feedstuff for Poultry Diet
Recently, insects have gained importance as viable protein-rich feedstuff with better productivity and feed efficiency for livestock and pet animal feeds. The most potential species are the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), and common house fly (Musca domestica). Amongst these insects, the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) contains high protein and fat with the amino acid profile in H. illucens larvae equivalent to that of various protein-rich feedstuffs, such as fish meal and soybean meal. This review aimed to illustrate the reputation of black soldier fly larva meal as a substitute to conservative, expensive, and ecologically threatening crops by guaranteeing a productive, inexpensive, organic, and perpetual source of non-conventional protein feedstuff for poultry production of broilers and layers. It can be concluded that the black soldier fly sometimes has very similar and significant effects on the productivity, health, and product quality of birds, compared to soybean and fishmeal. © 2022. All Rights Reserved.
S.R.A. Shah
I.S. Çetingul
2022-10-17T09:37:19Z
2022-10-17T09:37:19Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/689
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2022-10-17T09:37:19Z
The Detrimental Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Infertility of Humans and Laboratory Animals: A Review
In recent decades, the decline in human fertility has become a major concern. However, unhealthy lifestyle practices, such as the use of addictive substances that contribute to infertility persist in society. Therefore, the current study reviewed the literature addressing the effects of alcohol consumption patterns on male and female fertility. Although alcohol intake is socially accepted, its detrimental influence on male and female fertility rates has been regularly observed in recent years. The findings have revealed that abstinence from chronic alcohol intake did not recover the testes from the negative effects of alcohol. Heavy drinking, defined as 8 or more glasses per week for a woman or 15 or more drinks per week for a man might impair female reproductive function. In conclusion, the implementation of an in vivo evidence strategy ranging from animal studies to preclinical ones has indicated that alcohol intake may be related to negative effects on reproductive parameters in both males and females. The present review deserves to be highlighted since it is significant for those who lead an unhealthy lifestyle, such as those who use alcohol. © 2022. All Rights Reserved.
M. Nyandra
I.G. Widhiantara
P.A. Wiradana
2022-10-16T14:04:02Z
2022-10-16T14:04:02Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/648
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2022-10-16T14:04:02Z
TURKEY MEAT HYGIENE AND BIOLOGICAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT AFTER DEFROSTING
Violations of temperature and humidity storage conditions and the intensive development of lactic acid putrefactive microorganisms (micrococcus, yeast, and mold fungi) lead to destructive changes in muscle tissue. The studies established the effect of single and repeated defrosting of turkey meat on the increase in the number of microorganisms that cause spoilage of products and being criteria for meat hygiene and biological safety. As a result of the study, there were no detecting bacteria of the genus Salmonella in a sample of 25g of chilled, defrosted, and re-defrosted turkey meat. Also, there was no detecting growth of Listeria monocytogenes and bacteria of the Escherichia coli group in a sample of 1g of the product. On the other hand, significant changes were in the dynamics of microbial contamination in terms of the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms. Thus, in cooled samples, the total microbial contamination was 3.2×102±0.2 colonies of forming units per 1g of product. In samples of defrosted turkey meat, this indicator increased 1.8 times and amounted to 5.6×102±0.4. However, the obtained value did not exceed the maximum permissible, regulated in the normative and technical documentation. Samples of re-defrosted turkey meat in terms of quantity of Mesophilic Aerobic and Facultative Anaerobic Microorganisms corresponded to 4.7×103±0.2, which is 14.5 times higher than in chilled meat samples and 8.4 times higher than in defrosted meat. In addition, the established value of the indicator of microbial contamination in re-defrosting meat exceeded the maximum permissible value established by regulatory enactments. Thus, there is a direct effect of repeated freezing of raw meat on its good quality and safety. Therefore, the solution to such a practical problem as identifying the thermal state of turkey meat acquires a significant role.
A. Stekolnikov
A. Drozd
D. Orlova
T. Kalyuzhnaya
Y. Kuznetsov
2022-10-16T14:01:51Z
2022-10-16T14:01:51Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/647
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2022-10-16T14:01:51Z
DEVELOPMENT OF A REAL-TIME PCR ASSAY FOR THE RAPID DETECTION OF netB GENE IN CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS
Necrotic enteritis (NE) has a huge economic impact in the poultry industry. Numerous studies have shown that necrotic enteritis toxin B (netB) is a key virulence factor in Clostridium perfringens strains that cause NE in chickens. Early detection of netB in C. perfringens is important to circumvent the spread of NE. In this study, we developed a novel combinatorial approach involving (i) a commercial 2-step DNA extraction kit and (ii) a real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the detection of netB-positive C. perfringens in fecal samples. Melt curve analysis and specificity test demonstrated 100% specificity without any cross-reactivity in other bacterial species with a limit of detection of 102 cfu/g. Field validation was subsequently conducted on nine fecal composites collected from different layer houses at two commercial farms, leading to successful detection of four netB positive samples. The study presented a rapid diagnostic qPCR assay involving a 2-step DNA extraction protocol to screen for C. perfringens carrying netB gene in chicken fecal samples.
G. H. Soo
J. W. H. Tan
H. C. Ong
2022-10-16T14:00:12Z
2022-10-16T14:00:12Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/646
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2022-10-16T14:00:12Z
NUTRITIONAL ADVANCES IN PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCT QUALITY OF POULTRY HUSBANDRY UNDER HEAT STRESS
The objective of this review is to explore the nutritional additives to combat heat stress in high production targeted fowls. Many diseases and stress dynamics are liable for heavy mortality nowadays. High production targets and heat stress initiate free radical injuries and gastrointestinal oxidative insults resulting in poor bioavailability and feed efficiency. Accordingly, the quality of the eggs and meat is compromised along with the bird’s health. Dietary schemes and relevant feed formulation with the provision of vital elements like selenium, zinc, calcium, vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin A, electrolytes, essential amino acids, and plant extracts can conflict with all sorts of stress in birds and improve the immune system. The occurrence of many contagious diseases, nervous ailments, and metabolic syndromes can be decreased via appropriate feeding routines. It will not only control the bird’s health but also increase the quality and market value of the products and consumer satisfaction. Scientists have struggled to prevent immuno-depression, egg and meat quality impairments by dietary influences. Poultry welfare is facing many problems currently which should be properly coped with innovative nutritional maneuvers. This review anticipates illuminating the probable nutritional approaches to manage stress in poultry birds.
S. R. A. Shah
I. S. Çetingül
2022-10-16T13:56:30Z
2022-10-16T13:56:30Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/645
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2022-10-16T13:56:30Z
A RESPONSE SURFACE MODEL TO PREDICT THE PROFITABILITY OF RAISING SMALL-SCALE FREE RANGE DOMESTIC PIGEON
The study aimed to investigate the comparative profitability of raising different breeds of small- scale free range domestic pigeon in the Chattogram metropolitan area of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey was carried out for a period of three months from July to September 2021 using a structured questionnaire. Results indicated that there were no differences among the performance parameters of the non-descriptive, Gola and Giribaz breeds of pigeon. However, the non-descriptive breeds produced more eggs and thus squabs per year than the Gola and Giribaz. Similarly, the average pause size, feed supply per day and market age were lower in the local breeds compared with Gola and Giribaz. Hatchability percentage of the local breed was higher than the other breeds. Average mortality was moderately higher in the Giribaz. The average flock size was 4.9±0.70 pair. The average annual egg and squab productions were 20.6±1.10 and 10.7±1.00 pairs, respectively. The average daily feed supply was 37.8±1.5 g/bird. The average clutch and pause sizes were 2.0 and 17.3 day, respectively. Average market age, hatchability and mortality were 30.6±0.90 day, 51.4±2.20% and 7.6±1.6%, respectively. Mean feed and housing cost were 1008±24.7 and 443±42.8 Bangladeshi taka (BDT) per pair/year, respectively. Mean market price per pair adult and per squab was BDT 365±18.6 and 130±4.9, respectively. Flock size and pause size had strong positive and negative correlations with annual squab production. There were no significant differences between the net profit of the farms rearing different breeds of pigeon. However, farms raising local breeds had the highest annual net profit (BDT 823/pair) compared with other farms raising Giribaz (BDT 478/pair) and Gola breeds (BDT 319.70/pair). Principal component analysis identified annual egg production and feed cost as the principal eigenvector determining net profit. It was concluded that despite marginal profit, small-scale free range domestic pigeon farming was economically viable for the subsistence of the rural livelihoods.
P. Samanta
N. Akter
S. Islam
S. Islam
E. Hossain
2022-10-16T13:54:56Z
2022-10-16T13:54:56Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/644
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/644
2022-10-16T13:54:56Z
EDIBLE COATINGS AND THE NEED FOR BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS WITH FOCUS ON DAIRY PRODUCTS
Natural polymers are non-toxic, affordable, and abundantly accessible; hence they're often used in edible coatings. Covering vegetables with edible coatings that include antimicrobials, browning inhibitors, and nutraceuticals is a unique way to increase their nutritional value. Natural polymers are non-toxic, affordable, and abundantly accessible; hence they're often used in edible coatings. Covering vegetables with edible coatings that include antimicrobials, browning inhibitors, and nutraceuticals is a unique way to increase their nutritional value. Most edible coatings employ non-toxic, inexpensive, readily accessible natural polymers. Using biodegradable synthetic polymers and liquid and solid lipids, nano systems may be built at room temperature. To minimise food waste, edible food packaging utilises high-quality, low-impact packaging materials. Dairy consumer goods are among the industries targeted by the attack. Polymer nanocomposites, a kind of nano reinforcement, may act as a small gas barrier by increasing the difficulty of passing through the material. To put it simply, we now have the ability to accurately estimate the shelf life of our products thanks to developments in packaging technology, as well as biodegradable packaging and several other advantages. Packaging nanotechnology applications are categorised by their principal function. In conclusion, biodegradable synthetic polymers and liquid and solid lipids may also be used to create nano systems at ambient temperature. It is argued that recent advances in the usage of nano systems such nanoparticles, nanotubes, composites, and emulsions, are reviewed critically in this study. For food preservation purposes, nano dispersions may be supported by polymers, although the main focus of this article was on providing information on nano systems and how they can be used in various food substrates.
N. S. Richard
2022-10-16T13:53:28Z
2022-10-16T13:53:28Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/643
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2022-10-16T13:53:28Z
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTED COCOA POD HUSK MEAL ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RABBITS
This study determined the dietary effect of cocoa pod husk meal (CPHM) on the reproductive performance of rabbits. Twelve iso-nitrogenous (16.05% CP) and iso–caloric (2500.12 Kcal kg-1 ME) diets were formulated. The CPHM was included at 0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5% levels for T1, T2, T3, and T4 raw; T5, T6, T7, T8 fermented and T9, T10, T11, T12 hot–water treated CPHM. Sixty weaned rabbits between 5 and 6 weeks old of both sexes (30 males and 30 females) with mean initial body weight of 606.42±1.30g were used. The rabbits were randomly distributed using a completely randomized design (CRD). The animals were crossed at maturity for reproductive performance evaluation. Total protein concentrations of reproductive parts were determined. Result showed no significant dietary effect on reproductive performance. The 37.5% level recorded zero pregnancy in the raw and hot–water groups. Average gestation period ranged between 30 and 31 days. Average litter size at birth ranged 1 – 4 kittens. Average weaning weight ranged between 475 and 580.25g with the least weight in the raw group. Milk yield ranged between 205.46 and 262.94g. The sperm volume and gonadal sperm reserve recorded significant effect (P<0.05). In the raw and hot–water groups, the sperm volume decreased marginally. The protein concentration in the testes recorded higher significant (P<0.05) values in the control diet and the least value in raw group. The study concluded that fermented CPHM diets performed best at 37.5% level in terms of reproductive performance of rabbits.
P. O. Ozung
K. U. Anoh
D. A. Alawa
E. I. Evans
O. O. O. Kennedy
J. A. Ubua
2022-10-16T13:51:37Z
2022-10-16T13:51:37Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/642
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2022-10-16T13:51:37Z
APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR ANIMAL RECORDING (ICAR) METHODOLOGY IN DAIRY HERD MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH OF RUSSIA
This experiment was conducted to determine the advantages of introducing modern innovative approaches to dairy herd management based on the study and implementation of the methodological of International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR). This research shows the main directions for introduction to new breeding and the technological model of interaction with breeding farms for breeding dairy cattle. This interaction occurs through the services provision for breeding farms, the control-assistant and expert-boniter services, as well as laboratories for selection control of milk quality and genetic control. The tasks of the control-assistant service included participation in the control milking of cows and individual milk samples picking from each cow and its delivery to the laboratory in a chilled form. Using as the example dairy herd of the black and white breed by studying the dynamics of somatic cells has been showing the effectiveness of different methods for assessing the quality of milk. Implementation of the milk quality regular monitoring during 1-2 months allows bringing the main parameters of milk quality in line with the requirements of national and international ICAR standards. The cow's conformation assessment by animals' linear assessment allows revealing the bull’s prepotent abilities and choosing the right strategy for improving the cow's conformation in the herd. Genetic well-being assessment of cows makes it possible to exclude unwanted individuals with genetic abnormalities and use only healthy animals in breeding. The research purpose was studying the possibility of applying the ICAR method in Russian breeding livestock to improve the dairy herd management system. The research results showed that Implementation of individual veterinary measures for two months allowed reducing the average somatic cell count by 1.85 times and reaching the level recommended by ICAR. The spread of individual indicators also significantly decreased. Therefore, Using the individual monitoring of dairy raw materials quality assessment makes it possible to study the influence of para-typical (climatic) factors on the content of dairy components, as well as to stabilize the quality parameters in terms of the level of somatic cells not higher than 200 thousand cells/cm3.
S. Oleinik
V. Skripkin
A. Ershov
S. Shlykov
R. Omarov
2022-10-16T13:48:32Z
2022-10-16T13:48:32Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/641
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2022-10-16T13:48:32Z
INCOME ANALYSIS ON BROILER CHICKEN FARMING IN PARTNERSHIP SYSTEM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN TANRALILI DISTRICT, INDONESIA
This study was aimed to determine the income of farmers who carry out a partnership system during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lekopancing Village, Tanralili District, Maros Regency. The research was conducted on March to April 2021. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative. The sample in this study were farmers who partnered with the X’s company were 2 farmers, the Y’s company were 12 farmers and the Z’s company were 8 breeder. Data was collected through interviews with the help of a questionnaire as the research instrument. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic impacted to the incomes of farmers who partnered with companies X, Y, and Z, other than that it influence price fluctuations. The income earned by farmers with partnership patterns on a business scale of 3000 tail is the highest breeder who partners with PT. Z was USD 1,564.63 and USD 0.52/tail/period. As for the business scale of 4000, the highest is PT. Y of USD 2,285.97 and USD 0.76/tail/period.
S. Nurlaelah
. Harnianti
A. Asnawi
S. N. Sirajuddin
2022-10-16T13:43:28Z
2022-10-16T13:43:28Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/640
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/640
2022-10-16T13:43:28Z
BREEDING STRATEGIES OF SIMIEN SHEEP IN SIMIEN MOUNTAIN REGION OF ETHIOPIA
This study was conducted to characterize the existing sheep breeding strategies as an essential step in designing a breeding program for linking sheep production in the Simien mountain region of Ethiopia. Interview with sheep keepers, direct ranking method of traits, and field observations were carried out in selected districts of Simien mountain region. Sheep kept mainly as a source of income, saving and meat with an index value of 0.27, 0.21, and 0.20 in the Beyeda district whereas the corresponding value for Janamora was 0.26, 0.22, and 0.19, respectively. Mean sheep flock sizes were 14.9 and 16.2 in Beyeda and Janamora districts of Ethiopia. Natural and uncontrolled breeding was common in the Simien mountain region of Ethiopia. Coat color, body conformation, and fast growth rate were important traits in selecting breeding rams in both study districts. Coat color and appearance were selection criteria for breeding ewes in both study districts. It is observed that Simien sheep is highly valued for its tasty meat and produce under low input conditions. However, the survival of Simien sheep is endangered due to uncontrolled breeding, intervention failures in livelihood, and market-oriented agricultural systems. In conclusion, the main breeding objective for sheep production have been defined as increasing meat production and marketed animals and this is driven by market demands. Compared with other local sheep types, Simien was rated highly by both producers and consumers in their tasty meat. These characteristics make the Simien sheep economically more important. Yet Simien sheep need to be conserved as they could serve as a source of safe and tasty products for consumption.
T. Mulat
Y. Dagnew
K. Desalegn
2022-10-16T13:41:21Z
2022-10-16T13:41:21Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/639
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2022-10-16T13:41:21Z
THE IMPACT OF STABLE FLIES (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) ON SMALL STOCK PRODUCTION IN BODIBENG, BOTHATOGO AND SEHITHWA IN THE NORTH WEST DISTRICT, BOTSWANA; A SURVEY STUDY
Stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is a globally recognized livestock pest of economic importance, which also attacks wild animals, pets and humans. These flies frequently feed on the forelegs of animals and can cause significant production losses and severe animal health and welfare concerns. This study investigated the impact of stable flies on small stock (sheep and goats) production and documented control measures adopted by farmers in Sehithwa, Bodibeng and Bothatogo villages in the North West District of Botswana. Simple Random Sampling was used to select 90 respondents in the study area. Data on demographic characteristics (i.e., age, sex, marital and educational status of the respondents), control measures against stable flies, time stable flies appeared, factors contributing to abundance of stable flies, and the role of government and private sector in the control of stable flies were collected and analysed using SAS. The Chi-square test of goodness of fit was used to show the unequal distribution of the frequencies of respondents among the categories for each variable. Results showed that wood smoking (53.33%) was the common control measure against stable flies followed by migration to unaffected areas (35.55%) and dipping (11.11%). Feeding activity of stable flies reached its peak in the evening (58.89%) followed by morning (31.11%), afternoon (6.67%) and the least was night (3.33%). Eighty-seven percent of respondents mentioned that stable fly contributed to poverty, starvation (16.67%) and loss of income (13.33%). It is concluded that stable flies affect livestock productivity and people’ livelihood; hence the need to adopt effective control measures. Control measures against these flies will be more effective when applied in the evening and morning.
J. C. Moreki
K. Tjinyeka
J. Makore
K. Tlotleng
M. I. Moseki
2022-10-16T13:38:46Z
2022-10-16T13:38:46Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/638
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2022-10-16T13:38:46Z
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PHENOTYPIC RANKING DECISIONS AND TRAIT PREFERENCES OF SHEEP PRODUCERS IN AMHARA REGIONAL STATE OF ETHIOPIA
This study was aimed to investigate comparative trait preferences of farmers’ and selection practices for Rutana and Gumuz sheep breeds in existing production system. Ranking method, such as direct and own-flock ranking experiment with sheep keepers were carried in smallholder and large-scale production systems. Appearance, coat colour and fast growth rate were important traits in selecting breeding rams in smallholder system where as fast growth rate, tail length and appearance were preferred in large-scale system. Mothering ability, multiple births and lambing interval were most preferred for ranking breeding ewes in both systems. The mean of all objectively measured body conformation traits and body weight varies significantly across the farmers ranking categories and in line with their selection decision. In Gumuz sheep breed the average body weight of ewes which ranked as best was superior to rank as poor (34.5 kg vs. 26.7kg); whereas, in Rutana breed it was 39.4 kg vs. 29.5 kg (P<0.05). The farmers’ breeding objectives were improving reproduction, conformation and growth traits, which can increase net cash income per flock through increased number of marketable animals for meat production. Therefore, considering meat production traits is recommended as feasible strategy for future for Gumuz and Rutana sheep genetic improvement and conservation program.
G. Misganaw
Y. Dagnew
A. Getu
2022-10-16T13:25:57Z
2022-10-16T13:25:57Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/636
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/636
2022-10-16T13:25:57Z
BREEDING PRACTICES AND TRAITS PREFERENCE IN DAIRY CATTLE IN GEDEO AGROFORESTRY OF ETHIOPIA
The study was conducted to identify breeding practices and traits preferences of the dairy cattle producers in the southern part of Ethiopia. Representative sample households were selected by SRS (Simple Random Sampling) techniques. A cross-sectional survey with a structured questionnaire was used to collect the data on the purpose of keeping dairy cattle, herd composition, source of dairy cattle, trait preference, and breeding practices performed by the farmers. The data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS 27, and chi-square was used to compare categorical variables. The herd composition of the Bule district is significantly different from the rest of the districts in the mean number of calves, heifers, and bulls. The Yirgachefe district significantly differs in the mean number of cows compared to other districts. The breed preference of most farmers (81.67%) is cross-bred bulls (Jersey and Holstein Frisian). There are not enough bulls on the farms; only 21.7% of them have a breeding bull, and the primary sources of bulls in the study community are the grazing areas and the neighbors. Respondents preferred artificial insemination (96.1%) to natural mating. Milk yield, appearance, and genotype were important traits in selecting a dam, whereas genotype, appearance, and fast growth rate were the most preferred traits in sire ranking. The farmers' breeding objectives were to improve milk production and increase cash income. Therefore, establishing a village-based mating program for the genetic improvement of dairy cattle in the study area is recommended to overcome the shortage of bulls.
D. Haile
B. Tesfahun
2022-10-16T13:22:24Z
2022-10-16T13:22:24Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/635
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/635
2022-10-16T13:22:24Z
MOLYBDENUM SUPPLEMENTATION OF FAT-TAILED EWES DIETS IN AN ARID REGION
The study aimed to establish the normal molybdenum requirements for open ewes of meat-and-fat breeds in arid climatic conditions. The study was carried out in the production conditions of the Buddha farm of the Republic of Kalmykia (Russia). The norm has been established based on a detailed study of the molybdenum content in organs and tissues and the degree of its absorption from the diet, considering the endogenous losses. It has been established that the norm of molybdenum is 4.5 mg per head per day, 2.8 mg per 1 kg of dry matter of the diet and 0.80 mg per 1 kg of live weight of a single ewe. Recommendations have been made to solve the problem of molybdenum deficiency in the diet of open ewes of meat-and-fat breeds in arid climatic conditions of Republic of Kalmykia.
D. S. Gayirbegov
D. B. Mandzhiev
T. B. Tyurbeev
2022-10-16T13:18:06Z
2022-10-16T13:18:06Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/634
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2022-10-16T13:18:06Z
EFFECT OF A NEW COMPLEX MYCOTOXIN ADSORBENT ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, AND SERUM LEVELS OF RETINOL, TOCOPHEROL AND 25-HYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL IN PIGS FED ON MYCOTOXINCONTAMINATED FEED
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of commercial analogue mycotoxin adsorbent (CAMA) and Gepasorbex as a new complex mycotoxin-adsorbent additive on growth performance and serum retinol, tocopherol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations of fattening young pigs (n=90), which fed on the combined feed contaminated with mycotoxins. Animals were randomly allocated to 3 groups with 30 heads in each: the first group of pigs (control) fed the basic diet in grower and finisher periods; the second group fed the basic diet with the 0.15% by weight of feed of the mycotoxins-adsorbent as commercial analogue; the third group fed the basic diet with the addition of 0.15% by weight of feed of Gepasorbex, a new compound of mycotoxin-adsorbent additive. On the 48th and 88th days of fattening, blood samples were taken from the pigs for testing the vitamins A, E and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels. Piglets from third experimental group followed by group 2 animals showed better growth rates and significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01, respectively) exceeded analogues from the control group in live weight and average daily gain in all age periods which showed a noticeable positive effect of diet’s mycotoxin adsorbents, especially Gepasorbex, on animal growth rates. The results of the laboratory study showed that in the pigs from third experimental group, which fed on Gepasorbex with compound feed, the serum concentrations of retinol, tocopherol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol were within the biological reference interval and significantly exceeded (P<0.05) similar indicators from the control group in both periods. The results of the experiment showed that when animals are subjected to diets contaminated by mycotoxins, use of a new complex action preparation like Gepasorbex can mitigate the negative impacts of mycotoxins on animal performance, and is more capable to remove mycotoxins without binding to dietary vitamins.
R. Faustov
V. Lykhach
A. Lykhach
M. Shpetny
L. Lenkov
2022-10-16T13:15:33Z
2022-10-16T13:15:33Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/633
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2022-10-16T13:15:33Z
ZOO-TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE OF INDIGENOUS DAIRY COWS UNDER SMALL HOLDER FARMERS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN HAWELLA-TULLA DISTRICT, ETHIOPIA
Ethiopia's dairy production system is predominantly extensive, with poor cattle performance constrained by a variety of factors such as poor genetics, low reproductive performance, and poor quality of feed, among others. So far, little work aimed at increasing dairy production has been undertaken. The objective of the study was to characterize the zoo-technical performance of indigenous dairy cows under small holder farmer management system. The study was undertaken in Hawella-Tulla district, Sidama Region; Sothern Ethiopia from November 2020 to March 2021. From three peasant associations (PA), 180 smallholder dairy farmers who owned local cows were selected using a simple random selection technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The majority of farmers (75%) practiced in mixed crop-livestock farming primarily produce milk for income generation. Farmers hold an average of 1.95±0.063 local lactating cows. The productive performance of the indigenous cow mean of daily milk yield was 1.53±0.09 liters and 6.5±0.89 months of lactation length. The mean age at first service (AFS) was 38.5 ± 2.71 months, Age at first calving (AFC) was 45.3±2.82 months, calving interval (CI) was 20.08±0.9 months, and number of services per conception (NSPC) was 2.5 ±0.63. It can be concluded that the zoo-technical performance of local cows was very low. Therefore, planned technical and institutional intervention to improve the feeding system, provide better health management, genetic improvement of local breeds through crossbreeding and synchronization should be carried out for the betterment performance of local cows.
S. Endale
2022-10-16T13:12:19Z
2022-10-16T13:12:19Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/632
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2022-10-16T13:12:19Z
THE POTENTIAL USES OF SILYMARIN, A MILK THISTLE (Silybum Marianum) DERIVATIVE, IN POULTRY PRODUCTION SYSTEM
Due to recent intensive poultry production, there is a great demand to use natural alternative feed additives. One of these alternatives is phytobiotics. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a plant that has been used for many years as a natural remedy for the liver diseases. Silymarin is the major dried extract of milk thistle. Silymarin has many flavonolignans that showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-lipid peroxidative, immune stimulant, and hepatic cells stabilizing effects. In poultry production system, silymarin has been used in broilers as a growth promotor and in layers to improve the egg quantity and quality. It has been also used as a hepatotonic substance as a result of a potent antioxidant activity. The carcass trait showed improvement after treatment of broilers with silymarin. In addition, enhancement of the immune system and the intestinal health has been detected after application of silymarin in poultry diets. Accordingly, this review article aims to show the different potential uses of silymarin in poultry production system regarding its effect on production performance, antioxidant status, carcass traits, immune response, and intestinal health.
W. A. A. El-Ghany
2022-10-16T13:05:09Z
2022-10-16T13:05:09Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/631
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2022-10-16T13:05:09Z
AVIAN BORDETELLOSIS: A SIGNIFICANT BACTERIAL RESPIRATORY DISEASE OF TURKEYS (Meleagris gallopavo)
This review was designed to spotlight on avian bordetellosis regarding the bacterium pathogenesis, susceptibility, transmission, pathology, laboratory diagnosis, and prevention and control measures. Bordetellosis (moreover called turkey coryza) is a contagious bacterial upper respiratory disease of poultry, especially turkey poults. The disease is characterized by high morbidity and low mortality with terrible economic losses for turkeys industry. Bordetellosis is caused by Bordetella avium (B. avium) bacterium which colonizes and destructs the cilia of the respiratory tract. Concurrent infection during bordetellosis outbreaks is common and contributes to the poor performance of B. avium-infected flocks. Domesticated and wild birds are susceptible to bordetellosis. All ages can get infection with bordetellosis, however, young ages are more susceptible than adult. Infection and transmission of B. avium occurs through aerosol, water, and reservoirs, but not vertically. The clinical picture of bordetellosis is usually upper respiratory, except in complications with other bacteria or stressors, the infection extends to the lower respiratory tract. The bacterium is isolated aerobically on 10% sheep blood agar and appears as Gram negative bacilli. Endotoxin, tracheal cytotoxin, heat-labile dermonecrotic toxin, and osteotoxin are produced by B. avium. Antibiotic treatment of B. avium shows variable results and it is usually ineffective. Different types of living and inactivated vaccines are used to prevent bordetellosis.
W. A. A. El-Ghany
2022-10-16T13:02:48Z
2022-10-16T13:02:48Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/630
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/630
2022-10-16T13:02:48Z
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS SOURCES ON IN VITRO FERMENTABILITY AND DIGESTIBILITY OF RATION IN DAIRY CATTLE
Supplementation of oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) such as canola, soybean, and palm oils improved the quality of milk fatty acids. However, the unprotected unsaturated oil might impair rumen fermentation, feed, and fiber digestibility. A study was conducted to determine the best type of oil supplementation (factor A) including canola (A1), soybean (A2), or palm (A3) and level oil supplementation (factor B) including B0 = 0%, B1 = 1%, B2 = 2% or B3 = 3%) on the in-vitro feed fermentation and digestibility. The study used a 3 x 4 factorial block design. Two-stages were used to measure the pH, ammonia (NH3), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), protozoal number, dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber (ADFD) digestibility. The results showed that oil type did not significantly influence the fermentability (pH, NH3, VFAs, and protozoa) and feed's digestibility (DMD, OMD, NDFD, and ADFD) but oil level influence the fermentability and digestibility significantly. In addition, an increase above 1% in oil levels reduced protein fermentability, protozoal number, DMD, and OMD, but increased VFA. It is concluded that the addition of unprotected canola, soybean, or palm oil in dairy cattle ration could be applied in a concentration not more than 1%.
Keywords: Canola oil, Milk fatty acid, Palm oil, Ration, Soybean oil.
D. Despal
D. Irmadani
I. G. Permana
R. Zahera
N. Nuraina
2022-10-16T13:01:19Z
2022-10-16T13:01:19Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/629
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2022-10-16T13:01:19Z
EVALUATION OF AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF MATURE COCONUT WATER SUPPLEMENTS ON Cyrtosperma merkusii ROOT MEAL INCLUDED DIETS FOR BROILER CHICKENS
The simultaneous degradation of essential nutrients is the major drawback in detoxifying anti-nutrient toxic substances of root meal-based diets. An ameliorative dietary supplement for root meal-based diets without undergoing thorough detoxification is proposed. Therefore, this trial aims to determine the effects of mature coconut water (MCW) against the anti-nutritional factors (ANF)-containing C. merkusii root meal diet on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and organoleptic traits of broiler chickens. Cobb 500 (n=160) day-old (male) grouped into the standard diet (commercial maize-soybean) or ANF (15% raw C. merkusii + 85% commercial maize-soybean) diet group, and the birds every group further allocated into 0, 5, 10, and 15% MCW water treatment groups (n=5) with four replications. The trial lasted for 20 D (8 to 28 D of age). In the ANF diet, treatment with MCW significantly differs on feed conversion ratio (FCR). The 5-15% MCW treated chickens were more feed-efficient than the 0% MCW treatment. MCW treatments were not significant on body weight, weight gain, survival, carcass component, and organoleptic traits of broiler chickens under the standard or the ANF diets. However, significant diet*water interactions were observed on BW and dress weight, and significant gizzard weight due to diets. In general, the improved FCR may be the ameliorative effect of mature coconut water against ANF on raw C. merkusii root meal inclusion (15% + 85%) in the standard diets.
S. Cordova
2022-10-16T12:53:39Z
2022-10-16T12:53:39Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/628
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2022-10-16T12:53:39Z
NUTRIENT CONTENT AND QUALITY OF SOYBEAN MEAL WASTE FERMENTED BY Aspergillus ficuum AND Neurospora crassa
Present research aimed to increase soybean meal waste quality and nutrient by fermentation using different ratio of mixed fungus inoculum (Aspergillus ficuum and Neurospora crassa) and fermentation time. The primary materials were soybean meal waste (SMW), fungus Aspergillus ficuum and Neurospora crassa. The experiment applied a completely randomized design (CRD) with a 3 × 3 factorial pattern and three replications. Two treatments were given in this study, factor A (combination of A. ficuum and N. crassa), comprising of A1 (3:1), A2 (3:2), and A3 (3:3). Factor B (fermentation time) comprising of B1 (5 days), B2 (7 days), and B3 (9 days). The variance analysis exposed a highly significant interaction between factor A and factor B, and those factors also exposed a highly significant effect. The correlation between SMW crude protein and broiler nitrogen retention showed a positive trend, contrary SMW crude fiber content negatively affected crude fiber digestibility. In conclusion, the combination of A. ficuum and N. crassa (3:2) and seven days fermentation period showed optimal results as seen from 28.25% crude protein, 13.77% crude fibre, 61.16 nitrogen retention and 58.76% crude fibre digestibility of fermented SMW.
G. Ciptaan
M. Mirnawati
Q. Aini
M. Makmur
2022-10-16T12:49:24Z
2022-10-16T12:49:24Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/627
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2022-10-16T12:49:24Z
PECAN SHELLING BY-PRODUCT AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR CORN IN SWINE DIETS: PERFORMANCE, DIETARY ENERGETICS AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the pecan shelling by-product (PSB) grindings as partial replacement for corn in swine diets and its exerting effect on sows’ performance. Seventeen pregnant sows (210 kg of initial body weight) were used in a 14-d trial to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of corn with PSB on performance, dietary energetics, and safety. Treatments consisted of corn-soybean meal-based diet containing 0 or 10% of PSB in the diet, where the later replaced 0 or 16% of corn (as-fed basis). Ether extract (EE) content on PSB averaged 185 g/kg. Treatments including PSB had 1.9 times the EE compared to the treatment with only corn-soybean meal. Replacement of 16% of corn with PSB increased the estimated digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) values of the diet by 218 and 230 kcal/kg compared to control diet (90% DM basis), respectively. The higher predicted DE or ME intake for sow fed on PSB diet were 500 or 529 kcal/day compared to control diet, respectively; however, no differences on average daily gain (0.52 kg/d) between dietary treatments were observed. Neither was feed refusal for any dietary treatment nor difference on finishing their respective feed allowance. Sows consumed pecan shell at level of 0.75 g/kg of body weight daily, approximately. Intestinal activity was not affected by PSB consumption and fecal score averaged 3.0. Partial replacement of corn with PSB increased the estimated DE and ME for gestating diets by 7%, without influencing performance and intestinal function. The pecan shelling by-product supplementation at 10% inclusion level into a corn-soybean meal-based diet does not affect performance and its addition to the diet contributes to a more sustainable use of locally available feedstock in swine feeding.
L. Buenabad
E. Saenz
N. Arce
J. Gonzalez
J. A. Martinez
A. Corral
2022-10-16T12:28:24Z
2022-10-16T12:28:24Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/626
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2022-10-16T12:28:24Z
THE EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTED DRIED FENNEL AND ROSEMARY ON THE PERFORMANCE AND CAECAL MICROFLORA OF GROWING RABBITS
The objective of this study is to evaluate the possible effect of fennel and rosemary dietary supplements on the performance of rabbits. Therefore fifty-six weaned rabbits (40 days old) from white New Zealand breed were divided into two groups and submitted to the following dietary treatments: A) control diet and B) FR diet consisted of 2.5% Foeniculum vulgare seeds (fennel) and Rosmarinus officinalis leaves (Rosmary) as powder mixed by control diet for thirty days. The growth rate, feed conversion ratio, carcass yield, and mortality were not influenced by dietary fennel and rosemary supplementation. The antimicrobial effect of fennel and rosemary (2.5%) was not observed against E. coli in the caecum of the rabbit treated. The essential oils of Foeniculum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis are predominantly composed by Trans Anethole and 1-8 cineole successively. Low antibacterial activity was observed with two essential oils against the strain tested in this study. The addition of the 2.5% combination of fennel and rosemary in rabbit feed did not influence the zootechnical parameters of the rabbits
M. Benlemlih
A. Barchan
A. Aarab
M. Bakkali
A. Arakrak
A. Laglaoui
2022-10-16T11:40:17Z
2022-10-16T11:40:17Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/625
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2022-10-16T11:40:17Z
NEW METHODS FOR DETOXIFICATION OF HEAVY METALS AND MYCOTOXINS IN DAIRY COWS
Among the many environmental and industrial factors that adversely affect the soil, the pollution with heavy metals and mycotoxins occupies a special place in livestock breeding. This study aimed to demonstrate methods of treating and pharmacological correction of a toxic state intensified by heavy metals and mycotoxins in cattle using native drug as mycotoxin-deactivating feed additive. A total of 20 highly productive Holstein cows aged 3-4 years were divided into 2 groups, based on clinical and biochemical parameters. The experimental group (n=10) fed a diet supplemented with 4% sorption complex and a drug based on Silybum marianum and ursodeoxycholic acid as a hepatoprotector named “Hepaton-vet”. The control group (n=10) was injected with a complex of sorbents (consisting of perlite, vermiculite, and polyphepan in equal proportions) at a dose of 4% of the daily intake of food, and the rest of the treatment was carried out with the help of daily infusion therapy. So in the feed samples, only the T-2 and Deoxynivalenol (DON) indicators exceeded the normal value by 1.66% and, 3%, respectively. Thus, the practical efficiency concerning T-2, aflatoxin and Deoxynivalenol were to 100%, 86%, 18%, respectively. Cadmium in compound feed was lower by 44%, in comparison with the maximum permissible concentration, followed by 53.3% in hay and 78% in silage. The amount of lead in compound feed and silage was 78%, and it was 35% in the hay. In conclusion, the use of a complex of sorbents, together with newly developed component “Hepaton-vet”, led to positive results, allowing for the identification of several effects that influenced the metabolic processes in the liver, which was confirmed by the results of morpho-biochemical blood tests and clinical diagnostics of the animals' condition.
V. A. Baryshev
O. S. Popova
V. S. Ponamarev
2022-10-16T11:24:45Z
2022-10-16T11:24:45Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/624
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2022-10-16T11:24:45Z
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC FEATURES OF INDIGENOUS CHICKEN IN SOUTHWEST ETHIOPIA
Morphological and morphometric characterization of indigenous chicken ecotypes were carried out in West-Omo zone of Southwest Ethiopia. Nine qualitative and fifteen quantitative traits were observed/ measured from 660 matured chickens of both sexes. The data was analysed using SPSS version 21 and SAS version 9.1. Majority of the qualitative and quantitative traits were significantly influenced by sex and agro-ecological zones. The predominant plumage color, feather distribution, shank color, skin color, ear-lobe color, eye color, head shape, comb type, and feather morphology were red (38.4%), normal (96.2%), yellow (45%), white (48.8%), red (42.1%), red (28.6%), flat plain (94.4%), single (64.7%) and normal (100%). The body weight of matured male chickens in highland, mid-altitude and lowland agro-ecologies was 2.1±0.02 kg, 2.2±0.05 kg, and 2.0±0.03 kg, respectively, while females weighed 1.4±0.01 kg, 1.5±0.00 kg, and 1.4±0.01 kg in highland, mid-altitude, and lowland agro-ecologies, respectively. Males were also superior to females in terms of body length (BL) values of 42.0 ± 0.19cm and 37.7 ± 0.06cm, respectively. The prediction of body weight could be based on regression equation y = -1.02 + 0.10 CC (chest circumference) for male and y= -1.26 + 0.07BL of hen in highland altitude, y = -1.06+ 0.11 CC of male and y= -0.78+ 0.05 BL of hen in mid-altitude and similarly y = -0.90 +0.10 CC in lowland male and y= -1.33 + 0.07 BL of lowland hen. Therefore, chest circumference for males and body length for females were the best variables to predict the body weight of chickens than other variables. The current finding shows there was heterogeneity in a population of indigenous chickens in the studied agro-ecology. This gives an opportunity for genetic improvement of indigenous chickens within a population.
Z. Balcha
M. Baye
W. Masho
Z. Admasu
2022-10-16T11:21:49Z
2022-10-16T11:21:49Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/623
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2022-10-16T11:21:49Z
DETERMINING THE RADIUM CONCENTRATION IN VEGETABLES AND FRUITS IN Al-NAJAF, IRAQ
Amount of pollution radiation in foodstuffs and feedstuffs are very necessary to measure because it is a direct contact with human and animal health. Therefore, the present investigation is useful for the health and environmental data base. The study included measurement of effective radium-226 content (CRa) in some chosen samples of vegetables and fruits (local and imported) in Najaf governorate. The CRa were measured in samples of vegetables and fruits using Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (LR-115 Type II). Also, the annual effective dose (AED) associated with the exposure due to annual intake of 226Ra were calculated from ingestion of vegetables and fruits samples for adults. The results were revealed that the average value of CRa in vegetables and fruits samples in the present study was 3.98±1.08 Bq/kg and 1.73±0.11 Bq/kg, respectively. While, the average of AED (mSv/y) for vegetables and fruits samples was 0.067±0.018 and 0.082±0.005, respectively. Also, the results showed that the average value of AED from fruits consumption is larger than in vegetables, but the result is not significant. All results of the CRa and AED of the studied samples had been compared with the worldwide reported value (median). Accordingly, it was found that all findings were lower than that of the recommended limits of the UNSCEAR 2000. Finally, based on present investigations, no health risk expected when considering eating vegetables and fruits of Al-Najaf of Iraq.
A. J. Azeez
A. A. Marzaali
A. A. Abojassim
H. A. A. B. Mraity
M. D. Shareef
H. Alsafi
2022-10-16T11:17:00Z
2022-10-16T11:17:00Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/622
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2022-10-16T11:17:00Z
THE EFFECT OF THE PANDEMIC ON THE CONSUMPTION OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS: THE CASE OF KAFKAS UNIVERSITY OF TURKEY
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about some changes in consumption preferences and nutritional habits as well as lifestyles of individuals, such as education, working system, and social relationships, especially due to having to stay at home. In this study, the change in animal food consumption dispositions of students who had to stay at home during the pandemic and received online education was examined compared to the pre-pandemic period. In the study, since face-to-face teaching-learning activities were suspended, an online questionnaire was used to collect the study data from a total of 380 students registered at Kafkas University. The average monthly income of the participants and the share they allocated to the total food and animal products expenditures in the budget were determined as 539.64±21.00$, 132.73±5.08$, and 62.18±2.67$, respectively. Although the annual chicken meat consumption amount did not change according to the income levels of the students, it was determined that the consumption of animal products, such as beef, mutton-lamb, milk-yogurt, cheese, and eggs increased as the income level increased. During the pandemic period, the food consumption of 55.3% of the participants and the animal products consumption of 35.8% increased. On the other hand, it was determined that the consumption of food and animal products increased as the income level increased during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. During the pandemic period, it was determined that red meat and salami-sausages consumption of 31.8% of the students decreased by 37.90% and 42.15%, respectively, but that the chicken meat consumption of 31.3% of the students and milk and dairy products consumption of 37.9% increased by 31.02% and 39.17%, respectively. As a result, it was determined that there were significant changes in the nutritional habits of the students during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it was determined that there were significant increases in the consumption of animal products other than red meat. The primary reason why red meat consumption did not increase is thought to be due to the high price of the product compared to consumers’ income levels.
E. Aydin
P. A. Demir
2022-10-16T11:04:30Z
2022-10-16T11:04:30Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/620
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2022-10-16T11:04:30Z
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF PHYTO-ANTIOXIDANT (BAOBAB FRUIT PULP MEAL) ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RABBIT DOES DURING HEAT STRESS
A study was conducted to evaluate the influence of a phyto-antioxidant (baobab fruit pulp
meal; BFPM) on the reproductive performance of heat-stressed rabbits does. A total of 50 New Zealand
White crosses adult rabbit does of 12 months old were used in the present study. The rabbits were
randomly allotted into five experimental treatment groups, with ten rabbits per treatment in a
completely randomized design. The rabbits were fed diets supplemented with graded levels (0.0%,
2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5% and 5.5%) of BFPM. Parameters monitored were thyroxin and progesterone secretion,
serum metabolites, reproductive traits, and physiological performance of the kitten. Initial thyroxin,
progesterone, and serum metabolite levels were low in all the treatment groups, and significantly
increased during and after pregnancy. BFPM significantly improved litter size and weight of litter and
reduced rectal temperature of the kitten. Gestation period, kit weight at weaning, weight gain, and
heart rates of kitten did not show any significant difference. It was concluded that reproductive
performance of does during heat stress is enhanced by the supplementation of phyto-antioxidants and
performance was higher in 5.5% inclusion level of BFPM.
K. U. Anoh
J. N. Paul
U. M. Amu
2022-10-16T10:59:45Z
2022-10-16T10:59:45Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/619
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/619
2022-10-16T10:59:45Z
THE SPREADING AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE WATER MOULD Saprolegnia parasitica IN AL-DIWANIYAH RIVER OF IRAQ
The water mold Saprolegnia parasitica is a chief species of oomycetes that affects a wide
range of plant, natural ecosystems, fish and the aquaculture industry. The current study aimed to
investigate the isolation and identification of some aquatic fungi like Saprolegnia spp. and also molecular
characterization of Saprolegnia parasitica in the water of Al-Diwaniyah river of Iraq using the baiting
method for isolation and PCR polymerase chain reaction for molecular diagnosis of fungi. A total of 60
samples were taken from three study sites of river: 25 samples of Al-Shafi’iah city bridge (Najaf road) as
first site (S1); 25 samples of Hawly Al-Jamiah road bridge, Umm Al-Khail area, as second site (S2); and 10
samples of Al-Orouba bridge as the third site (S3). Molecular diagnosis was carried out by PCR examination
using primers for the rDNA gene and its presence in Saprolegnia parasitica, as DNA was obtained at a
concentration of 685.4-99.4 μg/μl and a purity of 1.92-1.8. The samples from the first site gave the
highest number of 18 isolates (45%), followed by samples from the second site with 14 isolates (35%). The
samples from the third site showed a number of 10 isolates (20%). The species S. parasitica was more
visible during February 2020 with a number of 17 isolates, and less visible in April 2021, with a number of
3 isolates. In conclusion, the variation in the presence of the types of infectious aquatic fungi
Saprolegnia spp. in the Al-Diwaniyah river of Iraq in different sites and months of 2021 showed a
high percentage of isolates for Al-Shafi’iah city bridge (Najaf road) site and the highest number of
Saprolegnia parasitica in February 2020. There is a need for further examination of oomycetes in
different sites of rivers of Iraq in different months.
M. M. A. Al-Zamili
M. K. Aboud
2022-10-16T10:57:34Z
2022-10-16T10:57:34Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/618
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2022-10-16T10:57:34Z
PERFORMANCE OF BLACKHEAD OGADEN SHEEP FED DIFFERENT GRASSES (Chloris gayana, Pennisetum purpureum, Panicum maximum AND Cynodon dactylon) BASAL DIETS AND THE SAME CONCENTRATE MIXTURE
A study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding Rhodes grass (RG; Chloris gayana) as
treatment 1 (T1), elephant grass (EG; Pennisetum purpureum as T2), guinea grass (GG; Panicum maximum as
T3) and bermuda grass (BG; Cynodon dactylon as T4) supplemented with a similar amount of concentrate
mixture (CM; wheat bran (WB) and Noug seed cake (NSC) at 67:33 ratio) on performance and economy of
fattening of Blackhead Ogaden sheep. The study consisted of a feeding and digestibility trials of 90 and 7
days long, respectively. Twenty-four intact yearling Blackhead Ogaden sheep with an initial body weight (BW)
of 15.83±0.04 kg (mean±SD) were used in a randomized complete block design based on their initial BW
with four treatments and six replications. All animals received 300 g dry matter (DM) of CM. Nutrient
concentration of RG, EG, GG, BG, NSC and WB were 5.5, 8.8, 7.6, 7.9, 24.3 and 14.0% crude protein (CP), and
83.3, 74.5, 75.4, 81.5, 39.0 and 45% neutral detergent fiber, respectively on DM basis. Intake of DM was
696, 700, 719 and 716 g/day (SEM = 0.004) for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively and was lowest for T1 and
highest for T3. The CP intake was also lowest for T1 (89 g/day), and similar among the other 3 treatments
(99-103 g/day). Digestibility of CP and organic matter were highest for T2, intermediate for T3 and T4 and
lowest for T1. Average daily gain was in the order of T2 > T3 = T4 > T1 (27, 63, 50 and 45 g/day (SEM = 13.1)
for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively); whereas hot carcass weight did not significantly differ among treatments
(5.7, 6.4, 6.1 and 6.3 kg (SEM = 0.36) for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively). Total return, net income and
marginal rate of return were all in the order of T2 > T4 > T3 > T1. Therefore, based on biological performance
as well as economic return, sheep fed elephant grass perform better. However, variations in performance and
economic return among the four grass species needs to be taken cautiously as part of the difference might
have attributed to differences in the stage of maturity of the grasses up on harvest for feeding the lambs.
M. Ahmed
G. Animut
G. Hassen
K. Abdimahad
2022-10-16T10:23:29Z
2022-10-16T10:23:29Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/654
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2022-10-16T10:23:29Z
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FEEDING LEVELS AND ADEQUACY ON THE MEAT QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY PERFORMANCE OF CROSS-BRED BULLS
The study aimed to determine the effect of the level and adequacy of feeding on the dynamics of live weight and meat productivity of Simmental × Holstein bulls with a close blood relationship (87.5%) for the Holstein breed. Three groups of bulls with 87.5% Holstein heredity in the genotype were formed, out of which two groups were experimental and one group served as a control group. The bulls of the control group received a diet compiled according to detailed standards, and their analogs from the experimental groups had a diet exceeding the norm by 10 and 20% respectively. During the entire growing period, the bulls of the 1st experimental group consumed 3,564 energetic feed units and 362.5 kg of digestible protein, the 2nd consumed 3,875 and 394.3 kg, and the control group 3,245 and 329.9 kg, respectively. In terms of carcass yield, bulls of the first and second experimental groups outperformed the ones from the control group by 2.41 and 3.92%. With an increase in the level of feeding in experimental bulls, fat deposition accelerated; thus, the meat of bulls of the experimental groups contained 2.13% and 2.54% more fat than in animals of the control group. At the same time, the protein content in the meat of experimental bulls decreased by 0.15 and 0.22% in comparison with the control group. The energy value of 1 kg of meat of experimental bulls was higher by 0.77-0.90 MJ. It can be concluded that a possible increase in the meat productivity of bulls-crossbreeds of the Holstein breed with a close blood relationship and the determination of planned indicators of animal growth should be taken into account when developing breeding programs.
A. A. Velmatov
T. N. Tishkina
N. N. Neyaskin
A. P. Velmatov
2022-10-16T10:12:48Z
2022-10-16T10:12:48Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/651
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2022-10-16T10:12:48Z
NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND IN SITU DEGRADABILITY OF SELECTED FORAGES, BROWSE TREES AND AGRO INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS
The in situ dry matter and crude protein degradability of grasses, legumes, browse trees and agro industrial by products was evaluated by the fistulated bulls (Boran × Holstein-Friesian with mean body weight 580 kg and age= 29±3 months). The lower (P < 0.05) crude protein content was reported in bracharia grasses than the other grasses. The higher (P < 0.05) washing loss in bracharia and Rhodes grasses and the better (P < 0.05) potential and effective degradability for dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) was observed in desho grass compared with other grasses. The content of crude protein, relative feed value and potential DM degradability were higher (P < 0.05) in Sesbania than Pigeon pea and tree lucerne. Potential and effective DM degradability was better (P < 0.05) in tree lucerne than the other browses. Acacia nilotica and Wanza (Cordia africana) had the greater (P < 0.05) washes loss, potential and effective degradability for dry matter and crude protein than the other browse trees. Cactus and Shola had the highest (P < 0.05) undegradable protein than Acacia nilotica and Wanza. The two energy source feeds (maize and wheat bran) had the greater (P < 0.05) potential and effective dry matter degradability than the other by products. The rumen undegradable protein was higher in vetch than lablab. The in situ dry matter degradability values obtained in this study can be useful to identifying the best materials used ruminant feeds.
G. Terefe
M. Faji
G. Mengistu
2022-10-16T10:09:05Z
2022-10-16T10:09:05Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/650
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2022-10-16T10:09:05Z
EFFECT OF COCONUT MILK INCLUSION IN ROOT MEAL-BASED DIETS ON PERFORMANCE AND FEED INTAKE OF NATIVE CHICKENS
In pursuit of feed cost reduction for chickens, a reduced feed intake strategy was proposed, but how this strategy works without compromising the chicken performance rarely explored. This study proposes the satiating effects of fresh coconut milk (FCM) as dietary fat for giant swamp taro meal-based (GST) diets on the performance and feed intake reduction of native chickens. One hundred eighty Bisaya native chickens have been grouped into FCM-free and FCM supplemented groups further divided into 0%, 25%, and 50% GST sub-groups of ten chickens in each sub-group. The experiment was laid out in a 2 × 3 factorial in a completely randomized design. The feeding trial started on week 5 post-hatch and terminated on week 12 post-hatch. The average daily feed intake (ADFI) and weight gain (WG) of chicken at weekly intervals were highly significant among FCM as well as GST treatments during weeks 5–7, also the final ADFI and WG. However, no remarkable differences of ADFI and WG in weeks 8–12 feeding. The bodyweight of chickens was highly significant among the FCM group and levels of GST were consistently observed throughout the study period. Neither the FCM nor GST groups differ the values for FCR. However, a bit higher FCR for FCM supplemented and 0% GST treatments. Slaughter weight, meat cuts (breast and thigh) and organ weight (liver, gizzard, and heart) was uninfluenced by either FCM or levels of GST. FCM supplemented diet had higher apparent digestibility of crude ash than FCM-free. 25% GST meal inclusion had higher apparent digestibility of crude fiber compared to 0% and 50% GST. No remarkable FCM×GST interactions in all parameters tested throughout the trial. In conclusion, supplementation of fresh coconut milk to giant swamp taro meal as replacement to maize did not reduce feed intake of chickens but rather increased body weight, weight gain with marginal improvement in FCR. The 50% giant swamp taro replacement to maize compromises overall performance of native chickens. However, supplementing fresh coconut milk to giant swamp taro meal can replace maize up to 25% that gives a better body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio.
A. Taer
E. Taer
E. Escobal
L. Alsong
R. Maglinte
2022-05-23T19:30:40Z
2022-05-23T19:30:40Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/579
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2022-05-23T19:30:40Z
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19–associated acute respiratory distress syndrome
Aim. The aim was to analyze the results of intensive care for COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) using optimized tactical aspects of respiratory support. Methods. In this prospective study, the comparison group included 436 consecutive patients admitted to the ICU of "A-block Zangiota-1" in the period from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021 (taking into account the representativeness of the main group), whose the therapeutic and tactical aspects of management were based on the first own experience with results analysis across organizational and therapeutic approaches. The main group included 288 patients admitted from July 1, 2021 to October 1, 2021, whose therapeutic and tactical aspects of management were developed on the basis of a fundamental revision of the differential diagnosis, pathomorphological classification and respiratory mechanics of COVID-19 associated ARDS, as well as taking into account the influence of risk factors for the severe course of the disease and various methods and technologies of respiratory support. Accordingly, adapted and optimized respiratory therapy standards have been applied in main group. Results. The frequency of intubations and transfers to mechanical ventilation had no statistical difference between the groups (p=0.362). In the main group, cases of tracheostomy (73.8%) were significantly (p<0.001) more than the comparison group (14.5%). In the comparison group, the proportion of patients with severe ARDS decreased from 29.6% to 23.8% (p=0.067), and in the main group from 31.0% to 17.0% (p<0.001). The average duration of treatment of patients in the ICU was 22 (from 7 to 32) days in the comparison group and 17 (from 9 to 27) days in the main group (p<0.05). The frequency of deaths in COVID-19 associated ARDS was 11.1% in the main group, which was significantly lower (p=0.036) than the comparison group (16.7%). Among patients on invasive mechanical ventilation (intubation and tracheostomy), the mortality rate was 96.0% in the comparison group and 76.2% in the main group of patients (p = 0.003). Conclusion. Providing respiratory support for COVID-19 associated ARDS, taking into account the individual characteristics of respiratory mechanics, can improve the results of treatment of patients with an increase in the oxygenation index, a decrease in the proportion of cases of severe ARDS, and reduce the mortality rate and the length of stay of patients in the ICU.
Ravshan Alievich IBADOV
Sardor Khamdamovich IBRAGIMOV
dr.sardor.ibragimov@gmail.com
Hilola Pulatovna ALIMOVA
Bakhodir Burxonovich BURKHONOV
Raufbek Ravshanovich IBADOV
2022-05-23T19:29:26Z
2022-05-23T19:29:26Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/580
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2022-05-23T19:29:26Z
Nutritional status of patients according to the stage of chronic renal failure
Introduction. In Burkina Faso, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem due to its increasing prevalence, severity and the high cost of treatment. Aim. The aim of this study was to describe nutritional status of subjects diagnosed with severe and moderate stages of chronic renal insufficiency, followed in nephrology consultation at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center (YO-UHC) of Ouagadougou. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over a period of eight months and included 75 patients in total. The social-demographic parameters were determined on the basis of the patients' declaration and the use of their medical records. Biological parameters were collected from the results of laboratory examinations performed by each patient. The nutritional status of the patients was assessed by the anthropometric method. Finally, all patients were asked about their dietary habits and lifestyle using the 24-hour recall method. Results. Our results revealed a male predominance, out of the total number of patients included. The percentage of men and women was 54.70% and 45.30% respectively with a sex (male/female) ratio of 1.20. The average of Body Mass Index was 24.79 Kg/m2. The percentage of overweight and obesity of women was 64.71% compared to 26.83% for men. The proportion of women with severe chronic kidney disease (58.82%) was twice as high as that of men (29.27%), (P<0.05). The average waist circumference of the subjects aged 30-39 years was significantly lower than that of the subjects aged 60-85 years. So, average hip circumference was 93.77 cm, with a significant difference according to sex (P<0.05). The prevalence of hyperglycaemia and diabetes increased with age. Hyperglycaemia in the 40-49 age group was increased significantly from 16.67% to 26.67% in the 70-85 age group (P<0.05). Diabetes in the 50-59 age group was 10% and doubled in the 70-85 age group (P<0.05). A percentage of 67.99% of the patients had a history of hypertension in either first-degree relatives or collaterals. The highest proportion was found in the hypertensive collaterals (37.33%; P=0.059). This study revealed a low level of physical activity among all patients. Only 38.67% of the patients practiced regular physical activity. There was no significant association between the level of physical activity and the stage of renal failure. Conclusion. Knowledge of nutritional status is a crucial part of better nutritional management of CKD patients. Finally, previous studies on the dietary habits of patients suffering from CKD will allow a better understanding of their nutritional status for a better management according to the stage of progression of the disease.
Toyadala Hortense LENGANI
Gaoussou SANOU
Sibiri BOUGMA
Yamkaye Aicha SAWADOGO
Souleymane ZIO
Hama BA-FATOUMATA
Gerard COULIBALY
Aly SAVADOGO
alysavadogo@gmail.com
2022-05-23T19:27:24Z
2022-05-23T19:27:24Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/578
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/578
2022-05-23T19:27:24Z
Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of
chronic lymphoid hemopathies observed at the
National Reference University Hospital Center (CHU-
RN) of N'Djamena
Aim. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic profile of
chronic lymphoid hemopathies (CLH) and the viral factors linked to the genesis of HLCs at
the CHU-RN of Ndjamena in Chad. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study over two
and a half years, from October 2017 to March 2020 at the Hematology Unit of the National
Reference University Hospital Center (CHU-RN) of Ndjamena. Were included patients in
whom the diagnosis of chronic lymphoid hemopathy had been made. Results. Ninety-eight
(98) cases of hematological malignancies were recorded out of 531 hematological
consultations including 66 (12.43%) CLH and 67.35% of hematological malignancies with an
annual incidence of 26.4 cases. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was 56.06% (n=37)
followed by 25.76% (n=17) Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 15.15% (n=10) Hodgkin's
lymphoma and 3.03 % (n=2) cutaneous lymphoma. A male predominance was observed for
all types of CLH. The most represented age groups were those of 51 to 60 years for CLL and
11 to 20 years for lymphomas. Conclusion: This study made it possible to have a better
epidemiological knowledge and the viral factors related to the genesis of CLH at the CHU-
RN of Ndjamena. It revealed difficulties in biological diagnosis and management, in
particular the initiation of chemotherapy.
Mbanga DJIMADOUM
Bessimbaye NADLAOU
bnadlaou@gmail.com
Lopiagoto Kemteud BLAISE
Choua OUCHEMI
Mouanodji MBAISSOUROUM
2022-05-23T19:26:31Z
2022-05-23T19:26:31Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/577
This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/577
2022-05-23T19:26:31Z
Arthroscopic surgery results for plica syndrome of the knee
Aim. This study aimed to carry out a comparative analysis of the treatment results in patients with plica syndrome of the knee. Methods. A total of 425 patients are contributed in the study done during 2018-2019 (main group) and 2014-2017 (comparison group). The main group was consisted of 205 patients who underwent early arthroscopic surgery as the main treatment. The comparison group was consisted of 220 patients who were prescribed conservative therapy for 3 months as the first stage of treatment; in case of ineffectiveness, arthroscopic diagnostics were performed, followed by surgical correction of the pathology of the synovial plica of the knee. Evaluation of the results was carried out after 1 and 3 months (early and immediate postoperative period), 6 and 12 months (long-term postoperative period), and was based on the data of clinical (complaints and physical examination), instrumental (ultrasound and MRI) examination and test results on the scale Lysholm and a special questionnaire IKDC-2000 by comparing these indicators with the data before and after the surgical treatment of patients. Results. The share of excellent and good long-term results was increased from 80.4% to 92.7%, the frequency of specific complications was reduced from 17.3% to 5.4%. Arthroscopic surgery provided successful therapy in 94.6% of cases in patients with pathological synovial folds of the knee. Long-term rehabilitation of more than 6 months was required in 5.4% (11 out of 205) cases, in particular with recurrent synovitis (7 out of 11; 63.6%), chronic pain in the patellofemoral joint (2 out of 11; 18.2%) and the presence of movement restrictions in the knee joint (2 out of 11; 18.2%). Conclusion. The early use of arthroscopic surgery of pathologically altered synovial folds of the knee joint is accompanied by a positive dynamics of points on the Lysholm scale and the IKDC-2000 questionnaire during treatment and is characterized by the possibility of regression of the intra-articular pathological process with a significant increase in the proportion of excellent and good results in the immediate and late postoperative periods.
Murodjon Ergashevich IRISMETOV
Murodbek Bakhodirovich TADJINAZAROV
tadjinazarov.murod88@gmail.com
2022-05-23T19:25:45Z
2022-05-23T19:25:45Z
http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/576
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2022-05-23T19:25:45Z
Prevalence and antibioresistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolated from lettuce and irrigation water in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Introduction. The use of partially or untreated wastewater in the irrigation of vegetable crops constitutes a risk of microbiological contamination that can cause diarrhea in the consumer. Aim. This study mainly aimed to assess the level of contamination of irrigation water and lettuce as well as to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of isolated bacteria. Methods. A total of eighty samples of lettuce and ten irrigation waters were collected from the market gardening sites of Boulmiougou, Bissigin, the National School of Public Health and Tanghin. The research of thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella was done following ISO standard methods. Isolated Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains were tested for their resistance profile by using the Kirby-Bauer method with a panel of twenty different antibiotics. Results. Out of the eighty lettuce samples, 68.75% (55) contained thermotolerant coliforms with an average load of 8.75 ×105 CFU g-1. The prevalence of Escherichia coli was 57.5% (46) and Salmonella prevalence was 11.25% (9) including eight strains of Salmonella enterica spp. and one strain of Salmonella enterica arizonea. All irrigation waters were contaminated by thermotolerant coliforms at an average concentration of 3.11×104 CFU/100mL. The prevalence of Escherichia coli in the irrigation waters was 40% (4/10) while Salmonella enterica spp. was 20% (2/10). The highest antibiotic resistance was found in Escherichia coli strains with ampicillin 28.26%, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 26.09% and tetracycline 19.57%. Conclusion. The water used to irrigate vegetable crops in Ouagadougou could be a major source of contamination of vegetables by microorganisms. In addition, the consumption of lettuce would constitute a risk of propagation of salmonellosis among the population.
Sibiri Sylvain ROUAMBA
rousib@yahoo.fr
Namwin Siourimè SOMDA
François TAPSOBA
Asseto SOMDA
Marie-Laurence Paulette OUÉDRAOGO
Elie KABRÉ
Lassana SANGARÉ
Aly SAVADOGO