Scienceline Publication Repository: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited. 2024-03-28T20:12:33ZEPrintshttp://eprints.science-line.com/images/Scienceline.pnghttp://eprints.science-line.com/2022-05-27T17:38:55Z2022-05-27T17:38:55Zhttp://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/165This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/1652022-05-27T17:38:55ZComparative Evaluation of Different Antimycotoxins for Controlling Mycotoxicosis in Broiler ChickensNatural contamination of feedstuffs with mycotoxins is considered a major problem affecting the poultry industry in Egypt. Accordingly, this study aimed to compare the ability of different antimycotoxin compounds in the control of mycotoxicosis caused by naturally contaminated diet in broiler chickens. A total of 180 day-old broiler chicks were divided into six groups (30 chicks each group) and kept for a 5-week experimental period. Group 1 was kept as control negative (non mycotoxicated or treated), while group 2 was kept as a positive control (mycotoxicated only). Groups 2-6 were fed ration contaminated with 11 ppb aflatoxins, 3.9 ppb ochratoxins, and 4.2 ppm zearalenone. Groups 3-6 were kept in mycotoxicated ration until 2 weeks of age when clinical signs and lesions were suggestive for mycotoxicosis. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were treated with biological, antioxidant, immunostimulant compounds; respectively. Biological, antioxidants and immunostimulant compounds were given in the drinking water. In group 6, ration was treated with formaldehyde vapor. Performance parameters including body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion rate were recorded weekly. Clinical signs, mortalities and lesions were observed. Serum samples were collected for determination of immunological profile to infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus vaccine. Moreover, liver, kidney and bursa of Fabricius were collected for histopathological examination. Muscles and liver tissue samples were collected for determination of aflatoxins residues. Results revealed significant improvement in performance parameters in treated groups in comparison to non-treated mycotoxicated group, however, antioxidants-treated birds showed the highest performance. The severity of clinical signs and lesions were reduced in the treated chickens compared to non-treated mycotoxicated ones. Significant modulation in immune response toward IBD virus was observed in all treated chickens compared to non-treated mycotoxicated chickens. Histopathological examination of organs of control mycotoxicated birds showed severe degenerative changes which became mild in bursa of Fabricius while returned to normal histological structure in liver and kidney. Residues of aflatoxins in tissues of all groups exceeded the permissible limit with high levels in mycotoxicated control positive group. In conclusion, water treatments with some antimycotoxin agents like biological, antioxidants and immunostimulant compounds greatly counteracted the adverse effect of the naturally contaminated ration with different mycotoxins.A. M. El Nabarawyanwaar.elnabarawy@gmail.comK. MadianI. B. ShaheedW. A. Abd El-Ghany2022-05-27T17:27:46Z2022-05-27T17:27:46Zhttp://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/84This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/842022-05-27T17:27:46ZPhytobiotics in Poultry Industry as Growth Promoters, Antimicrobials and Immunomodulators – A ReviewDue to the hazardous use of antimicrobials in poultry production sector, development of drug resistance have become a worldwide problem. Therefore, using biotic or natural products, such as phytobiotics (phytogenics or botanicals) have received a great attention as antibiotic substitutes. The use of phytobiotics or their constituents have been considered as a relatively new class of natural herbs that gained popularity and acceptability among poultry farmers. The incorporation of several types of phytobiotic additives in poultry feed have proved their ability to enhance the productive performance of broilers as well as layers. Moreover, phytbiotics presented great efficacy in counteracting intestinal pathogenic microorganism while maintaining the population of normal inhabitant beneficial microflora. Immunostimulatory effect on both humoral and cellular immunity as well as antioxidant properties were recorded as characters of phytobiotics. Therefore, this review article aimed to give a spotlight on the uses of different types of phytobiotics as poultry dietary additives to improve the productive parameters, reduce the pathogenic intestinal bacteria, and potentiate the immune response, especially after vaccination processes.W. A. Abd El-Ghanywafaa.ghany@yahoo.com2022-05-23T18:39:04Z2022-05-25T03:34:36Zhttp://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/345This item is in the repository with the URL: http://eprints.science-line.com/id/eprint/3452022-05-23T18:39:04ZA Highlight on Avian Toxoplasmosis: One Health Disease with a Special Reference to the Current Egyptian SituationThis review article was developed to the infection of avian species with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), diagnosis, pet bird and human infection, and control methods with a special reference to the current status of infection among the Egyptian poultry farms and population. Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a unicellular, protozoan parasite T. gondii. Different domesticated and wild animals, as well as birds can harbor T. gondii and may be a potential source of infection to humans. Avian species could be infected with T. gondii through the ingestion of contaminated food, soil, and water with oocysts shed in the excreta of infected animals, especially cats. Poor sanitation and hygienic conditions increase the risk of infection. Consumption of food or water, as well as undercooked poultry meat or meat products containing the oocysts of the parasite, are the main sources of human infection with T. gondi. Diagnosis of T. gondii in the infected host depends on the serological detection of specific antibodies and molecular detection of the parasite. Microscopic demonstration of the oocysts and other developmental stages of the parasite in the intestine, liver, brain, and skeletal muscles tissues is another means for rapid diagnosis. Generally, a high prevalence of the disease is also reported in pet birds. Toxoplasmosis in humans is associated with abortion, congenital disorders, stillbirth, and other complications, especially in immunocompromised patients. Application of hygienic measures, as well as public awareness, are essential for the prevention and control of toxoplasmosis. In different Egyptian governorates, a high prevalence of T. gondii has been detected in animals, birds, and humans. High incidence of infection was recorded due to the contact with Toxoplasma oocysts shed mainly from infected cats or other carriers. Egyptian chicken and turkey flocks and backyard birds revealed the presence of different developmental stages of the parasite and even its antibodies. In addition, human populations showed signs of toxoplasmosis with severe complications.W. A. Abd El-Ghanywafaa.ghany@yahoo.com