TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Livestock and their Health Hazards: A Review
SP  - 57
SN  - 23224568
EP  - 64
N1  - Veterinary Research and Disease Investigation Center, Dera Ismail Khan, 29050, Pakistan; PARC Arid Zone Research Centre, Dera Ismail Khan, 29050, Pakistan; Deputy Director, Purebred Buffalo Breeding and Dairy Farm Dera Ismail Khan, L&DD KPK, Pakistan; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan; Institute of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, 29050, Pakistan; Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan; Animal Science Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, 54000, Pakistan; Department of Rural Sociology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan; Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
KW  - antihelminthic therapy; Ascaris; biological pest control; Chabertia; Cooperia; Dictyocaulus; economic aspect; Enterobius; enzyme immunoassay; feces analysis; flotation; geographic distribution; Haemonchus; health hazard; helminth; helminthiasis; infestation; intestine parasite; life cycle; livestock; nematode; nematodiasis; nonhuman; Oesophagostomum; Ostertagia; parasite identification; parasitism; prevalence; Review; Strongyloidea; systematic review; Trichostrongylus; Trichuris
AV  - public
A1  - Khan, A.
A1  - Jamil, M.
A1  - Ullah, S.
A1  - Ramzan, F.
A1  - Khan, H.
A1  - Ullah, N.
A1  - Ali, M.
A1  - Rehman, A.U.
A1  - Jabeen, N.
A1  - Amber, R.
IS  - 1
PB  - Scienceline Publication
JF  - World's Veterinary Journal
VL  - 13
Y1  - 2023/03/25/
ID  - eprints827
N2  - Livestock plays an important role in the national economy and has a significant share in the gross domestic product of Pakistan. Parasitic diseases and worm infestations negatively affect their health, production, and reproductive performance. In addition, parasitic infestation in livestock reduces gross production values and renders huge economic losses globally. Among the parasites, the most important are nematodes. They are distributed worldwide and affect all kinds of livestock. This review aimed to elaborate on the main gastrointestinal nematodes, their mode of action, impacts on livestock and their control (physical, chemical or biological) strategies. Common examples of nematode worms infesting the livestock are Ascaris, Hemonchus, Strongyloids, Trichostrongyliods, Ostertagia, Trichuris, Dictyocaulus, Trichnellia, Enterobius, Cooperia, Gunagylonema, Chabertia, and Oesphagostomum. The gastrointestinal nematodes are detrimental to the animalsâ?? health. Nematodes primarily affect animalsâ?? feed consumption and efficiency, and severe ailments result in the death of the affected animals. The production and health losses primarily depend on the age of the animals, the degree of severity of worm infestation, epidemiology pattern of the parasites, management strategies of the flocks, and ecoclimatic conditions which are favorable for the wormâ??s infestation. To minimize these issues, farmers should be educated on the importance of intensive livestock management and environmental sanitation, as well as strategic deworming of cattle using efficient broad-spectrum anthelmintics, biological control of the parasites, and breaking their life cycle and intermediate hosts © 2023, World's Veterinary Journal.All Rights Reserved.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85151526240&doi=10.54203%2fscil.2023.wvj6&partnerID=40&md5=6b22c9c9ac1d300691b61a1f300d1246
ER  -