<> "The repository administrator has not yet configured an RDF license."^^ . <> . . . "NETosis and Calcium influx in Dromedary Camel Neutrophils after In Vitro Toll-like Receptor Stimulation"^^ . "Neutrophilic granulocytes are vital immune cells of the early response to pathogens. They contribute to the antimicrobial response through phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species, cytokine production, degranulation, and NET-formation. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), also known as NETosis, are a critical antibacterial effector mechanism of cells of myeloid effector cells, including neutrophils and macrophages. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that mediate pathogen sensing through the recognition of microbial structures known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The present study aimed to investigate the potential of several TLR ligands that mimic the sensing of bacterial and viral pathogens to stimulate NET-formation or Ca2+ influx in camel neutrophils. Neutrophils were purified from blood and were stimulated in vitro with ligands to TLR4, TLR2/1, TLR7/8, or TLR3. Net-formation was analyzed using the DNA-sensitive dye SYTOX� Green and staining with antibodies to the neutrophil's granular enzyme myeloperoxidase. Real-time stimulation-induced Ca2+ influx was measured using the Ca2+-sensitive dye Flou-4 and flow cytometry. Only the TLR4-ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could induce NET-formation in camel neutrophils, while none of the investigated TLR agonists showed a Ca2+ influx-inducing effect in camel neutrophils. The current study represents the first report on the impact of direct activation of TLR on NET-formation and Ca2+ influx in camel neutrophils with a selective effect of LPS on NET-formation induction. Future studies may investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the different responsiveness of bovine and camel neutrophils to TLR stimulation. © 2023, World''s Veterinary Journal. All Rights Reserved."^^ . "2023-06-25" . . "13" . "1" . . "Scienceline Publication, Ltd"^^ . . . "World's Veterinary Journal"^^ . . . "23224568" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "M.A."^^ . "Alkuwayti"^^ . "M.A. Alkuwayti"^^ . . "J."^^ . "Alessa"^^ . "J. Alessa"^^ . . "K."^^ . "Albahrani"^^ . "K. Albahrani"^^ . . "J."^^ . "Hussen"^^ . "J. Hussen"^^ . . "B."^^ . "Falemban"^^ . "B. Falemban"^^ . . . . . . "NETosis and Calcium influx in Dromedary Camel Neutrophils after In Vitro Toll-like Receptor Stimulation (Text)"^^ . . . . . "WVJ 13(1), 214-221, March 25, 2023.pdf"^^ . . . "NETosis and Calcium influx in Dromedary Camel Neutrophils after In Vitro Toll-like Receptor Stimulation (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #806 \n\n\n \n NETosis and Calcium influx in Dromedary Camel Neutrophils after In Vitro Toll-like Receptor Stimulation\n \n\n" . "text/html" . . . "SF Animal culture"@en . .