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primary topic: Pathogenicity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) in Different Duck Breeds

Pathogenicity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) in Different Duck Breeds
type: AcademicArticle
type: Article
abstract: Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose a global threat, with wild waterfowl serving as key reservoirs for transmission to poultry. The present study investigated the pathogenicity, viral shedding patterns, tissue distribution, and pathological effects of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in two duck breeds, including Muscovy and Sudani ducks. An Egyptian H5N1 strain (A/ibis/Egypt/RLQP-229S/2022), originally isolated from a wild ibis, was used. Forty ducks (20 Muscovy and 20 Sudani) were divided into infected and control groups (10 per group per breed). At four weeks of age (Average weight of 1.2 ± 0.1 kg), each infected duck received a single intranasal dose of 10⁶ EID₅₀. Cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected at 3, 5, 7, and 10 days post-infection (DPI) to monitor viral shedding, while clinical signs were recorded daily. Mortality was higher in Muscovy ducks, which exhibited higher mortality (70%) than Sudani ducks (50%), with both breeds showing neurological signs and lethargy. Viral load analysis of cloacal swabs via RT-PCR (Targeting the AIV M gene), exceeded oropharyngeal shedding, peaking by five DPI and persisting longer in Muscovy ducks (Seven DPI compared to five DPI in Sudani ducks), suggesting that fecal-oral transmission is the primary route of spread and that viral replication is more active in the intestinal tract. Tissue distribution analysis revealed broader viral dissemination in Muscovy ducks, particularly in the brain, lung, kidney, and spleen. These findings demonstrated differential susceptibility between breeds, with Muscovy ducks posing a higher transmission risk due to prolonged viral shedding and tissue tropism. The virus used in the present study carried pathogenicity markers across several proteins, including hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), polymerase basic 1 (PB1), polymerase basic 2 (PB2), nucleoprotein (NP), non-structural protein 1 (NS1), and polymerase acidic (PA) protein. Overall, while both duck breeds a…
date: 2025-06-31
volume: 15
issue: 2
is part of: Journal of World’s Poultry Research
status: peerReviewed
status: published
author list: authors
type: EPrint
type: ArticleEPrint
is part of: repository
has document: Pathogenicity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) in Different Duck Breeds (Text)
has version: Pathogenicity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) in Different Duck Breeds (Text)
has published: Pathogenicity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) in Different Duck Breeds (Text)
subject: SF Animal culture

Pathogenicity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) in Different Duck Breeds (Text)
type: Document
has file: JWPR15(2)263-274,2025 (1).pdf
has part: JWPR15(2)263-274,2025 (1).pdf

Scienceline Publication
type: Organization

Journal of World’s Poultry Research
type: Collection
issn: 2322455X

Hussein A. Hussein
type: Person
given name: Hussein A.
family name: Hussein

Riham I. El Tantawy
type: Person
given name: Riham I.
family name: El Tantawy

Ayman H. El Deeb
type: Person
given name: Ayman H.
family name: El Deeb

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primary topic: Pathogenicity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) in Different Duck Breeds

SF Animal culture
type: Concept