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Impact of Polyherbal Formulation on Transcriptome Profiling of Chicken Breast Muscle: Elucidation of Molecular Mechanisms for the Enhanced Cellular Feed Efficiency in Broiler Chickens
To elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying feed efficiency (FE) enhanced by polyherbal formulation (PHF), a combination of Andrographis paniculata, Punica granatum, and Emblica officinalis, the microarray technology was used to identify the genetic pathways related to feed utilization through genomical profiling of breast muscle in Cobb broiler chickens supplemented with or without PHF. 300 male day-old chicks were randomly distributed into two groups of 6 replicates with 25 each, including control (basal-diet) and PHF (Basal-diet+PHF-400g/ton), and their impact on performance parameters was assessed on day 42. Similarly, the global gene expression of breast muscles collected in each group was profiled using Agilent chicken whole genome microarray technology. Further, the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) Bioinformatics Resources and gene ontology (GO) analysis were used to identify the functional clustering of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and gene network pathways associated with FE. RT-qPCR was subsequently conducted to cross-validate the expression of genes identified by DAVID. The PHF supplementation significantly improved the body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio in broilers compared to the control. Totally, 1338 DEGs (756 up-regulated and 582 down-regulated) were identified, of which 732 DEGs of PHF were significantly different from the control group. However, bioinformatics analysis revealed a significant modulation of 198 DEGs (94 up-regulated and 104 down-regulated) after hierarchical clustering, whose collective expression indicates significant enrichment of FE-related biological processes in the PHF-treated group. Further, a deeper understanding of the following DEGs (ND1, ND2, ND3, ND4, ND4L, ND5, ND6 CYTB, COX1, COX2, COX3, ATP6, PGC1-α, PPAR, MEF2, PARK2, Wnt3A, Wnt11, Golgb1, and IGF1) was established by mapping with Kyoto-Encylopedia-of-Genes-and-Genomes (KEGG) pathway in relation to mitochondria cellular respiration, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, energy metabolism and muscle growth in the breast muscle. Moreover, validation of microarray analysis of selected genes using RT-qPCR showed that the genes (ND1, ND2, ND3, ND5, CYTB, ATP6, PGC1-α, and Wnt11) were expressed in the same direction as that of GO analysis. In conclusion, supplementation of PHF resulted in transcriptional modulation in the mitochondrial functions, which was correlated to the improvements of corresponding phenotypic traits (FE and BWG) in broiler chickens.
Impact of Polyherbal Formulation on Transcriptome Profiling of Chicken Breast Muscle: Elucidation of Molecular Mechanisms for the Enhanced Cellular Feed Efficiency in Broiler Chickens (Text)
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