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Prevention of Colibacillosis and Its Impact on Broiler Chickens' Heart with Javanese Cardamom and Turmeric
Colibacillosis represents a major threat to vital organs, particularly the heart, in broiler chickens. Concerns over rising antibiotic resistance have prompted interest in alternative therapies utilizing active compounds such as 1,8-cineole from Javanese cardamom essential oil (JCEO) and curcumin from turmeric ethanol extract (TEE), both known for their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological effects of JCEO and TEE and to determine the optimal dosage for reducing heart tissue damage caused by colibacillosis in broiler chickens. A total of 72 Cobb-strain day-old chicks (DOCs) were randomly allocated into eight groups (three chickens per group, three replications). The groups included a negative control (no E. coli infection or treatment), a positive control (E. coli infection without treatment), and six treatment groups including E. coli + JCEO (0.06 ml/kg BW) + TEE (400 mg/kg feed), E. coli + JCEO (0.1 ml/kg BW) + TEE (400 mg/kg feed), E. coli + JCEO (0.06 ml/kg BW), E. coli + JCEO (0.1 ml/kg BW), E. coli + TEE (400 mg/kg feed), and E. coli + ciprofloxacin (10 mg/kg BW). Colibacillosis was induced via intraperitoneal injection of E. coli strain O78 at four weeks of age, and herbal treatments were administered orally via drinking water from day 7 to week 5. Histopathological evaluation of heart tissues was conducted, scoring lesions as mild, moderate, or severe. The positive control group exhibited the highest total lesion score, indicating extensive heart damage, while the group treated with JCEO (0.1 ml/kg BW) + TEE (400 mg/kg feed) showed the lowest lesion score, suggesting strong protective effects. Severe lesions were notably observed in the ciprofloxacin and TEE-only groups. The combination of JCEO (0.1 ml/kg BW) + TEE (400 mg/kg feed) proved most effective in minimizing heart tissue damage, outperforming both single-agent treatments and ciprofloxacin, likely due to synergistic antibacterial and anti-inflammatory actions.
Prevention of Colibacillosis and Its Impact on Broiler Chickens' Heart with Javanese Cardamom and Turmeric (Text)
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