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New Bacteriophages for Treating Canine External Otitis Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Phage therapy presents a promising approach to combating bacterial infections; however, its effectiveness is constrained by limitations such as weak lytic activity, narrow host range, and stability issues. Overcoming these challenges requires further research aimed at isolating new specific phages, developing phage cocktails, and expanding the host range to maximize the effectiveness of phage therapy. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize bacteriophages targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, which are the key pathogens responsible for canine external otitis. The study, conducted from 2023 to 2024 in veterinary clinics, involved 496 dogs of different ages, genders, and breeds. The current result revealed that three P. aeruginosa phage strains (Pa3, Pa7, Pa15) and three S. pseudintermedius phage strains (Sp6, Sp10, Sp17) showed high specificity and lytic activity against the corresponding pathogenic microorganisms isolated from dogs with signs of external otitis. All phages formed clear plaques on nutrient media, indicating their ability to destroy bacterial cells. The lytic activity of the phages was higher for Pa7 and Pa15, which lysed up to 92.8% of P. aeruginosa strains, while the Pa3 phage was active only against 71.4% of the strains. While phages Sp6 and Sp10 demonstrated superior lytic activity against S. pseudintermedius, Sp17 indicated the highest efficacy against canine-derived S. aureus isolates. The optimal phage-to-bacteria ratio for maximum effect was 0.0001 for all the studied phages. The latent period of the phages was up to 30 minutes, and virions were released in significant amounts within an hour after infection. The results demonstrated that all the phages exhibited high stability at temperatures ranging from +4°C to +40°C and within a pH range of 5 to 10, confirming their potential for use in the treatment of external otitis dogs. The results suggested that bacteriophages Pa3, Pa7, and Pa15 for P. aeruginosa, and Sp6, Sp10, and Sp17 for S. pseudintermedius are promising candidates for use in phage therapy for bacterial infections in dogs, as they exhibit high lytic activity, stability, and specificity towards their hosts.
New Bacteriophages for Treating Canine External Otitis Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (Text)
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