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Antibody Responses in Pigs Induced by Inactivated Vaccine Against Streptococcus suis Formulated with Montanide ISA 201 and Montanide Gel 01 Adjuvants
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a zoonotic pathogen responsible for streptococcosis, causing substantial economic losses in swine production worldwide. The present study evaluated the humoral immune response in 8-week-old Landrace pigs immunized with an inactivated autogenous S. suis vaccine formulated with either Montanide™ ISA 201 VG or Gel 01 adjuvants. A completely randomized experimental design assigned 12 male, 8-week-old Landrace male pigs to three groups. The control group received Montanide™ ISA 201 VG adjuvant without antigen (P1), the second group received antigen and Montanide™ ISA 201 VG (P2), and the third group received antigen and Montanide™ Gel 01 (P3). Vaccination was performed by intramuscular injection into the neck muscle using 4 mL of vaccine suspension. Serum samples from all groups were collected weekly for nine weeks post-vaccination, and antibody titers were quantified using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical parameters, including body temperature, behavioral changes, and weight gain, were monitored weekly for nine weeks. Both adjuvanted vaccine groups (P2 and P3) demonstrated significantly higher antibody titers compared to the control group, with no significant difference between adjuvant types. A progressive increase in antibody levels was observed from week one to week nine in Groups 2 and 3. No vaccine-associated adverse effects were noted. The S.suis vaccine formulated with either Montanide™ ISA 201 VG or Montanide™ Gel 01 adjuvants demonstrated a proper safety profile, with no adverse effects on health or growth performance, and was effective in stimulating strong antibody responses in Landrace pigs. The average antibody titer produced by the vaccine using Montanide™ ISA 201 VG was 0.404 ± 0.201, whereas the vaccine with Montanide™ Gel 01 achieved a titer of 0.404 ± 0.199. The adjuvants elicited comparable immune responses in pigs with no statistically significant difference in antibody titers. The present findings indicated that Montanide™ ISA 201 VG and Montanide™ Gel 01 adjuvants effectively enhanced the immunogenicity of inactivated S. suis vaccines in Landrace pigs. © The Author(s) 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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